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4. Deep Brain Stimulation for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Early Motor Complications

Author

Barbe, Michael T., Tonder, Lisa, Krack, Paul, Debu, Bettina, Schupbach, Michael, Paschen, Steffen, Dembek, Till A., Kuehn, Andrea A., Fraix, Valerie, Brefel-Courbon, Christine, Wojtecki, Lars, Maltete, David, Damier, Phillippe, Sixel-Doering, Friederike, Weiss, Daniel, Pinsker, Marcus, Witjas, Tatiana, Thobois, Stephane, Schade-Brittinger, Carmen, Rau, Joern, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Hartmann, Andreas, Timmermann, Lars, Schnitzler, Alfons, Stoker, Valerie, Vidailhet, Marie, Deuschl, Guenther, Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Haelbig, T. D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S. M., Meier, N., Agid, Y., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Bataille, B., Raoul, S., Regis, J. -M., Mertens, P., Helwig, D., Oertel, W. H., Maarouf, M., Fink, G. R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G. -H., Vesper, J., Gharabaghi, A., Krueger, R., Amtage, F., Barbe, Michael T., Tonder, Lisa, Krack, Paul, Debu, Bettina, Schupbach, Michael, Paschen, Steffen, Dembek, Till A., Kuehn, Andrea A., Fraix, Valerie, Brefel-Courbon, Christine, Wojtecki, Lars, Maltete, David, Damier, Phillippe, Sixel-Doering, Friederike, Weiss, Daniel, Pinsker, Marcus, Witjas, Tatiana, Thobois, Stephane, Schade-Brittinger, Carmen, Rau, Joern, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Hartmann, Andreas, Timmermann, Lars, Schnitzler, Alfons, Stoker, Valerie, Vidailhet, Marie, Deuschl, Guenther, Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Haelbig, T. D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S. M., Meier, N., Agid, Y., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Bataille, B., Raoul, S., Regis, J. -M., Mertens, P., Helwig, D., Oertel, W. H., Maarouf, M., Fink, G. R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G. -H., Vesper, J., Gharabaghi, A., Krueger, R., and Amtage, F.

Abstract

Background Effects of DBS on freezing of gait and other axial signs in PD patients are unclear. Objective Secondary analysis to assess whether DBS affects these symptoms within a large randomized controlled trial comparing DBS of the STN combined with best medical treatment and best medical treatment alone in patients with early motor complications (EARLYSTIM-trial). Methods One hundred twenty-four patients were randomized in the stimulation group and 127 patients in the best medical treatment group. Presence of freezing of gait was assessed in the worst condition based on item-14 of the UPDRS-II at baseline and follow-up. The posture, instability, and gait-difficulty subscore of the UPDRS-III, and a gait test including quantification of freezing of gait and number of steps, were performed in both medication-off and medication-on conditions. Results Fifty-two percent in both groups had freezing of gait at baseline based on UPDRS-II. This proportion decreased in the stimulation group to 34%, but did not change in the best medical treatment group at 24 months (P = 0.018). The steps needed to complete the gait test decreased in the stimulation group and was superior to the best medical treatment group (P = 0.016). The axial signs improved in the stimulation group compared to the best medical treatment group (P < 0.01) in both medication-off and medication-on conditions. Conclusions Within the first 2 years of DBS, freezing of gait and other axial signs improved in the medication-off condition compared to best medical treatment in these patients. (c) 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Published
2020

6. Fines mobility and distribution in streaming fibre networks : experimental evidence and numerical modeling

Author

Redlinger-Pohn, Jakob D., Mayr, M., Schaub, G., Gruber, D., Radl, S., Redlinger-Pohn, Jakob D., Mayr, M., Schaub, G., Gruber, D., and Radl, S.

Abstract

The motion of flocculated fibres in a streaming suspension is governed by the balance of the network strength and hydrodynamic forces. With increasing flow rate through a channel, (1) the network initially occupying all space, (2) is then compressed to the centre, and (3) ultimately dispersed. This classical view neglects fibres-fines: we find that the distribution of these small particles differs in streaming suspensions. While it is known that fibre-fines can escape the fibre network, we find that the distribution of fibre-fines is non-homogenous in the network during compression: fibre-fines can be caged and retarded in the streaming fibre network. Hence, the amount of fibre-fines is reduced outside of a fibre network and enriched at the network’s interface. Aiming on selectively removing fibre-fines from a streaming network by suction, we identify a reduction of the fines removal rate. That documents a hindered mobility of fibre-fines when moving through the network of fibres. Additionally, we found evidence, that the mobility of fibre-fines is dependent on the fibre-fines quality, and is higher for fibrillar fines. Consequently, we suggest that the quality of fibre-fines removed from the suspension can be controlled with the flow regime in the channel. Finally, we present a phenomenological model to compute the length dependent fibre distribution in an arbitary geometry. For a fibre suspension channel flow we are able to predict a length-dependent fibre segregation near the channel’s centre. The erosion of a plug of long fibres was however underestimated by our model. Interestingly, our model with parameters fitted to streaming fibre suspension qualitatively agreed with the motion of micro-fibrillated cellulose. This gives hope that devices for handling flocculated fibre suspensions can be designed in the future with greater confidence., QC 20211003

Published
2020
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7. Deep Brain Stimulation for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Early Motor Complications

Author

Barbe, Michael T., Tonder, Lisa, Krack, Paul, Debu, Bettina, Schupbach, Michael, Paschen, Steffen, Dembek, Till A., Kuehn, Andrea A., Fraix, Valerie, Brefel-Courbon, Christine, Wojtecki, Lars, Maltete, David, Damier, Phillippe, Sixel-Doering, Friederike, Weiss, Daniel, Pinsker, Marcus, Witjas, Tatiana, Thobois, Stephane, Schade-Brittinger, Carmen, Rau, Joern, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Hartmann, Andreas, Timmermann, Lars, Schnitzler, Alfons, Stoker, Valerie, Vidailhet, Marie, Deuschl, Guenther, Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Haelbig, T. D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S. M., Meier, N., Agid, Y., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Bataille, B., Raoul, S., Regis, J. -M., Mertens, P., Helwig, D., Oertel, W. H., Maarouf, M., Fink, G. R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G. -H., Vesper, J., Gharabaghi, A., Krueger, R., Amtage, F., Barbe, Michael T., Tonder, Lisa, Krack, Paul, Debu, Bettina, Schupbach, Michael, Paschen, Steffen, Dembek, Till A., Kuehn, Andrea A., Fraix, Valerie, Brefel-Courbon, Christine, Wojtecki, Lars, Maltete, David, Damier, Phillippe, Sixel-Doering, Friederike, Weiss, Daniel, Pinsker, Marcus, Witjas, Tatiana, Thobois, Stephane, Schade-Brittinger, Carmen, Rau, Joern, Houeto, Jean-Luc, Hartmann, Andreas, Timmermann, Lars, Schnitzler, Alfons, Stoker, Valerie, Vidailhet, Marie, Deuschl, Guenther, Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Haelbig, T. D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S. M., Meier, N., Agid, Y., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Bataille, B., Raoul, S., Regis, J. -M., Mertens, P., Helwig, D., Oertel, W. H., Maarouf, M., Fink, G. R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G. -H., Vesper, J., Gharabaghi, A., Krueger, R., and Amtage, F.

Abstract

Background Effects of DBS on freezing of gait and other axial signs in PD patients are unclear. Objective Secondary analysis to assess whether DBS affects these symptoms within a large randomized controlled trial comparing DBS of the STN combined with best medical treatment and best medical treatment alone in patients with early motor complications (EARLYSTIM-trial). Methods One hundred twenty-four patients were randomized in the stimulation group and 127 patients in the best medical treatment group. Presence of freezing of gait was assessed in the worst condition based on item-14 of the UPDRS-II at baseline and follow-up. The posture, instability, and gait-difficulty subscore of the UPDRS-III, and a gait test including quantification of freezing of gait and number of steps, were performed in both medication-off and medication-on conditions. Results Fifty-two percent in both groups had freezing of gait at baseline based on UPDRS-II. This proportion decreased in the stimulation group to 34%, but did not change in the best medical treatment group at 24 months (P = 0.018). The steps needed to complete the gait test decreased in the stimulation group and was superior to the best medical treatment group (P = 0.016). The axial signs improved in the stimulation group compared to the best medical treatment group (P < 0.01) in both medication-off and medication-on conditions. Conclusions Within the first 2 years of DBS, freezing of gait and other axial signs improved in the medication-off condition compared to best medical treatment in these patients. (c) 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Published
2020

17. Sulfonylureas and ischaemic preconditioning; a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of glimepiride and glibenclamide

Author

Klepzig, H., Kober, G., Matter, C., Luus, H., Schneider, H., Boedeker, K.H., Kiowski, W., Amann, F.W., Gruber, D., Harris, S., Burger, W., Klepzig, H., Kober, G., Matter, C., Luus, H., Schneider, H., Boedeker, K.H., Kiowski, W., Amann, F.W., Gruber, D., Harris, S., and Burger, W.

Abstract

Aims Glimepiride is a new sulfonylurea for diabetes treatment which is supposed to impact less on extra-pancreatic ATP-dependent K+channels than the conventional drug glibenclamide. This study was performed to evaluate whether this results in a better maintenance of ATP-dependent K+channel mediated ischaemic myocardial preconditioning. Methods and Results In a double-blind placebo-controlled study the period of total coronary occlusion during balloon angioplasty of high grade coronary artery stenoses was used as a model to compare the effects of both drugs. Quantification of myocardial ischaemia was achieved by recording the intracoronary ECG and the time to the occurrence of angina during vessel occlusion. All patients underwent three dilatations. The first dilatation (dilatation 1) served to determine the severity of ischaemia during vessel occlusion. During dilatation 2, baseline values were recorded. Thereafter, glimepiride (15 patients: 1·162mg), glibenclamide (15 patients: 2·54mg) or placebo (15 patients) were intravenously administered over 12min. Dilatation 3 started 10min after the beginning of the drug administration. Mean ST segment shifts in the placebo group decreased by 35% (dilatation 2: 0·23; dilatation 3: 0·15mV; CI −0·55 to 0·00mV;P=0·049). A similar reduction also occurred in the glimepiride group, in which repetitive balloon occlusion led to a 34% reduction (dilatation 2: 0·35; dilatation 3: 0·23mV; CI −0·21 to −0·02mV;P=0·01). There was little influence however, on mean ST segment shifts in the glibenclamide group (dilatation 2 and dilatation 3: 0·24mV; CI −0·10 to 0·25mV;P=0·34). Accordingly, time to angina during balloon occlusion slightly increased (by 30%) in the placebo group (dilatation 2: 37s; dilatation 3: 48s; CI 0·0 to 15·0s;P=0·16); increased by 13% in the glimepiride group (dilatation 2: 40s; dilatation 3: 45s; CI 0·0 to 14·0s;P=0·023); and remained unchanged in the glibenclamide group (dilatation 2 and dilatation 3: 30s; CI −7·5 to

Published
2017

20. A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events

Author

Dishon, G., Fisch, J., Horn, I., Kaczmarek, K., Bijma, J., Gruber, D. F., Nir, O., Popovich, Y., Tchernov, D., Dishon, G., Fisch, J., Horn, I., Kaczmarek, K., Bijma, J., Gruber, D. F., Nir, O., Popovich, Y., and Tchernov, D.

Abstract

Coral reefs occupy only ~ 0.1 percent of the ocean's habitat, but are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem. In recent decades, coral reefs have experienced a significant global decline due to a variety of causes, one of the major causes being widespread coral bleaching events. During bleaching, the coral expels its symbiotic algae, thereby losing its main source of nutrition generally obtained through photosynthesis. While recent coral bleaching events have been extensively investigated, there is no scientific data on historical coral bleaching prior to 1979. In this study, we employ high-resolution femtosecond Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) to demonstrate a distinct biologically induced decline of boron (B) isotopic composition (δ11B) as a result of coral bleaching. These findings and methodology offer a new use for a previously developed isotopic proxy to reconstruct paleo-coral bleaching events. Based on a literature review of published δ11B data and our recorded vital effect of coral bleaching on the δ11B signal, we also describe at least two possible coral bleaching events since the Last Glacial Maximum. The implementation of this bleaching proxy holds the potential of identifying occurrences of coral bleaching throughout the geological record. A deeper temporal view of coral bleaching will enable scientists to determine if it occurred in the past during times of environmental change and what outcome it may have had on coral population structure. Understanding the frequency of bleaching events is also critical for determining the relationship between natural and anthropogenic causes of these events.

Published
2015

21. Localization of Gamma-Ray Bursts Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor

Author

Connaughton, V, Briggs, M S, Goldstein, A, Meegan, C A, Paciesas, W S, Preece, R D, Wilson-Hodge, C A, Gibby, M H, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, R M, Pelassa, V, Xiong, S, Yu, H F, Bhat, P N, Burgess, J. Michael, Byrne, D, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Giles, M M, Guiriec, S, van der Horst, A J, Von Kienlin, A, McBreen, S, McGlynn, S, Tierney, D, Zhang, B B, Connaughton, V, Briggs, M S, Goldstein, A, Meegan, C A, Paciesas, W S, Preece, R D, Wilson-Hodge, C A, Gibby, M H, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, R M, Pelassa, V, Xiong, S, Yu, H F, Bhat, P N, Burgess, J. Michael, Byrne, D, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Giles, M M, Guiriec, S, van der Horst, A J, Von Kienlin, A, McBreen, S, McGlynn, S, Tierney, D, and Zhang, B B

Abstract

The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected over 1400 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) since it began science operations in 2008 July. We use a subset of over 300 GRBs localized by instruments such as Swift, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, INTEGRAL, and MAXI, or through triangulations from the InterPlanetary Network, to analyze the accuracy of GBM GRB localizations. We find that the reported statistical uncertainties on GBM localizations, which can be as small as 1°, underestimate the distance of the GBM positions to the true GRB locations and we attribute this to systematic uncertainties. The distribution of systematic uncertainties is well represented (68% confidence level) by a 3.°7 Gaussian with a non-Gaussian tail that contains about 10% of GBM-detected GRBs and extends to approximately 14°. A more complex model suggests that there is a dependence of the systematic uncertainty on the position of the GRB in spacecraft coordinates, with GRBs in the quadrants on the Y axis better localized than those on the X axis., QC 20160408

Published
2015
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22. The Five Year Fermi/GBM Magnetar Burst Catalog

Author

Collazzi, A. C., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Younes, G. A., Kaneko, Y., Gogus, E., Lin, L., Granot, J., Finger, M. H., Chaplin, V. L., Huppenkothen, D., Watts, A. L., von Kienlin, A., Baring, M. G., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Gibby, M. H., Gehrels, N., McEnery, J., van der Klis, M., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Collazzi, A. C., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Younes, G. A., Kaneko, Y., Gogus, E., Lin, L., Granot, J., Finger, M. H., Chaplin, V. L., Huppenkothen, D., Watts, A. L., von Kienlin, A., Baring, M. G., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Gibby, M. H., Gehrels, N., McEnery, J., van der Klis, M., and Wijers, R. A. M. J.

Abstract

Since launch in 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected many hundreds of bursts from magnetar sources. While the vast majority of these bursts have been attributed to several known magnetars, there is also a small sample of magnetar-like bursts of unknown origin. Here we present the Fermi/GBM magnetar catalog, giving the results of the temporal and spectral analyses of 440 magnetar bursts with high temporal and spectral resolution. This catalog covers the first five years of GBM magnetar observations, from July 2008 to June 2013. We provide durations, spectral parameters for various models, fluences and peak fluxes for all the bursts, as well as a detailed temporal analysis for SGR J1550-5418 bursts. Finally, we suggest that some of the bursts of unknown origin are associated with the newly discovered magnetar 3XMM J185246.6+0033.7., Comment: 65 pages, 24 figures, 13 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement

Published
2015
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23. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks

Author

Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H.-F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., 深沢, 泰司, Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., 花畑, 義隆, Harding, A. K., 林田, 将明, Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., 水野, 恒史, Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., 大野, 雅功, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Hayashida, Masaaki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ohno, Masanori, Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H.-F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., 深沢, 泰司, Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., 花畑, 義隆, Harding, A. K., 林田, 将明, Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., 水野, 恒史, Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., 大野, 雅功, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Hayashida, Masaaki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, and Ohno, Masanori

Abstract

著者人数: 159名, Accepted: 2013-10-16

Published
2015

24. The First Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., 深沢, 泰司, Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., 花畑, 義隆, 林田, 将明, Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., 釜江, 常好, 片岡, 淳, Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S.-H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., 水野, 恒史, Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., 大野, 雅功, 大杉, 節, Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., 田島, 宏康, 高橋, 弘充, Takeuchi, Y., 田中, 康之, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Hayashida, Masaaki, Kamae, Tsuneyoshi, Kataoka, Jun, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ohno, Masanori, Ohsugi, Takashi, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., 深沢, 泰司, Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., 花畑, 義隆, 林田, 将明, Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., 釜江, 常好, 片岡, 淳, Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S.-H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., 水野, 恒史, Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., 大野, 雅功, 大杉, 節, Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., 田島, 宏康, 高橋, 弘充, Takeuchi, Y., 田中, 康之, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Hayashida, Masaaki, Kamae, Tsuneyoshi, Kataoka, Jun, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ohno, Masanori, Ohsugi, Takashi, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, and Tanaka, Yasuyuki

Abstract

著者人数: 180名, Accepted: 2013-07-15

Published
2015

25. The Five Year Fermi/GBM Magnetar Burst Catalog

Author

Collazzi, A. C., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Younes, G. A., Kaneko, Y., Gogus, E., Lin, L., Granot, J., Finger, M. H., Chaplin, V. L., Huppenkothen, D., Watts, A. L., von Kienlin, A., Baring, M. G., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Gibby, M. H., Gehrels, N., McEnery, J., van der Klis, M., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Collazzi, A. C., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Younes, G. A., Kaneko, Y., Gogus, E., Lin, L., Granot, J., Finger, M. H., Chaplin, V. L., Huppenkothen, D., Watts, A. L., von Kienlin, A., Baring, M. G., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Gibby, M. H., Gehrels, N., McEnery, J., van der Klis, M., and Wijers, R. A. M. J.

Abstract

Since launch in 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected many hundreds of bursts from magnetar sources. While the vast majority of these bursts have been attributed to several known magnetars, there is also a small sample of magnetar-like bursts of unknown origin. Here we present the Fermi/GBM magnetar catalog, giving the results of the temporal and spectral analyses of 440 magnetar bursts with high temporal and spectral resolution. This catalog covers the first five years of GBM magnetar observations, from July 2008 to June 2013. We provide durations, spectral parameters for various models, fluences and peak fluxes for all the bursts, as well as a detailed temporal analysis for SGR J1550-5418 bursts. Finally, we suggest that some of the bursts of unknown origin are associated with the newly discovered magnetar 3XMM J185246.6+0033.7., Comment: 65 pages, 24 figures, 13 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement

Published
2015
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26. Fermi-LAT Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chaplin, V., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cleveland, W., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Collazzi, A., Cominsky, L. R., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., DeKlotz, M., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Diekmann, A., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Finke, J., Fitzpatrick, G., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Gibby, M., Giglietto, N., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, W. N., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sartori, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamazaki, R., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Zhu, S. J., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Foley, S., Goldstein, A., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R., Rau, A., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Cusumano, G., La Parola, V., Cummings, J. R., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chaplin, V., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cleveland, W., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Collazzi, A., Cominsky, L. R., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., DeKlotz, M., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Diekmann, A., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Finke, J., Fitzpatrick, G., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Gibby, M., Giglietto, N., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, W. N., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sartori, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamazaki, R., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Zhu, S. J., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Foley, S., Goldstein, A., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R., Rau, A., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Cusumano, G., La Parola, V., and Cummings, J. R.

Abstract

The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest gamma-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB. Temporal and spectral analyses of GRB 130427A challenge the widely accepted model that the nonthermal high-energy emission in the afterglow phase of GRBs is synchrotron emission radiated by electrons accelerated at an external shock., QC 20140124

Published
2014
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27. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A : A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks

Author

Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Josefin, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Zhu, S., Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Josefin, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Zhu, S.

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously., QC 20140123

Published
2014
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28. Time-resolved analysis of fermi gamma-ray bursts with fast- and slow-cooled synchrotron photon models

Author

Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, Magnus, Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, Felix, Vianello, G., Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, Magnus, Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, Felix, and Vianello, G.

Abstract

Time-resolved spectroscopy is performed on eight bright, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) dominated by single emission pulses that were observed with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Fitting the prompt radiation of GRBs by empirical spectral forms such as the Band function leads to ambiguous conclusions about the physical model for the prompt radiation. Moreover, the Band function is often inadequate to fit the data. The GRB spectrum is therefore modeled with two emission components consisting of optically thin non-thermal synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons and, when significant, thermal emission from a jet photosphere, which is represented by a blackbody spectrum. To produce an acceptable fit, the addition of a blackbody component is required in five out of the eight cases. We also find that the low-energy spectral index a is consistent with a synchrotron component with a = -0.81 +/- 0.1. This value lies between the limiting values of a = -2/3 and a = -3/2 for electrons in the slow-and fast-cooling regimes, respectively, suggesting ongoing acceleration at the emission site. The blackbody component can be more significant when using a physical synchrotron model instead of the Band function, illustrating that the Band function does not serve as a good proxy for a non-thermal synchrotron emission component. The temperature and characteristic emission-region size of the blackbody component are found to, respectively, decrease and increase as power laws with time during the prompt phase. In addition, we find that the blackbody and non-thermal components have separate temporal behaviors as far as their respective flux and spectral evolutions., QC 20140609

Published
2014
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29. The first pulse of the extremely bright GRB 130427A: a test lab for synchrotron shocks.

Author

Preece, R, Preece, R, Burgess, J Michael, von Kienlin, A, Bhat, PN, Briggs, MS, Byrne, D, Chaplin, V, Cleveland, W, Collazzi, AC, Connaughton, V, Diekmann, A, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Gibby, M, Giles, M, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, RM, Kouveliotou, C, McBreen, S, Meegan, C, Paciesas, WS, Pelassa, V, Tierney, D, van der Horst, AJ, Wilson-Hodge, C, Xiong, S, Younes, G, Yu, H-F, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Baring, MG, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Bonamente, E, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cominsky, LR, Conrad, J, D'Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Godfrey, G, Granot, J, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Iyyani, S, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Kawano, T, Knödlseder, J, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Preece, R, Preece, R, Burgess, J Michael, von Kienlin, A, Bhat, PN, Briggs, MS, Byrne, D, Chaplin, V, Cleveland, W, Collazzi, AC, Connaughton, V, Diekmann, A, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Gibby, M, Giles, M, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, RM, Kouveliotou, C, McBreen, S, Meegan, C, Paciesas, WS, Pelassa, V, Tierney, D, van der Horst, AJ, Wilson-Hodge, C, Xiong, S, Younes, G, Yu, H-F, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Baring, MG, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Bonamente, E, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cominsky, LR, Conrad, J, D'Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Godfrey, G, Granot, J, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Iyyani, S, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Kawano, T, Knödlseder, J, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, and Lovellette, MN

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously.

Published
2014

30. Fermi-LAT Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chaplin, V., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cleveland, W., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Collazzi, A., Cominsky, L. R., Connaughton, V., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., DeKlotz, M., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Diekmann, A., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Finke, J., Fitzpatrick, G., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Gibby, M., Giglietto, N., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, W. N., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamazaki, R., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Zhu, S. J., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Foley, S., Goldstein, A., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R., Rau, A., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Cusumano, G., La Parola, V., Cummings, J. R., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chaplin, V., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cleveland, W., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Collazzi, A., Cominsky, L. R., Connaughton, V., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., DeKlotz, M., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Diekmann, A., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Finke, J., Fitzpatrick, G., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Gibby, M., Giglietto, N., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, W. N., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamazaki, R., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Zhu, S. J., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Foley, S., Goldstein, A., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R., Rau, A., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Cusumano, G., La Parola, V., and Cummings, J. R.

Abstract

The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest gamma-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB. Temporal and spectral analyses of GRB 130427A challenge the widely accepted model that the nonthermal high-energy emission in the afterglow phase of GRBs is synchrotron emission radiated by electrons accelerated at an external shock., AuthorCount:182

Published
2014
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31. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A : A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks

Author

Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, Jan, D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, Shabnam, Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Zhu, S., Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, Jan, D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, Shabnam, Jogler, T., Joannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Zhu, S.

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously., AuthorCount:159

Published
2014
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32. TIME-RESOLVED ANALYSIS OF FERMI GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH FAST- AND SLOW-COOLED SYNCHROTRON PHOTON MODELS

Author

Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, Magnus, Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, Felix, Vianello, G., Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, Magnus, Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, Felix, and Vianello, G.

Abstract

Time-resolved spectroscopy is performed on eight bright, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) dominated by single emission pulses that were observed with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Fitting the prompt radiation of GRBs by empirical spectral forms such as the Band function leads to ambiguous conclusions about the physical model for the prompt radiation. Moreover, the Band function is often inadequate to fit the data. The GRB spectrum is therefore modeled with two emission components consisting of optically thin non-thermal synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons and, when significant, thermal emission from a jet photosphere, which is represented by a blackbody spectrum. To produce an acceptable fit, the addition of a blackbody component is required in five out of the eight cases. We also find that the low-energy spectral index a is consistent with a synchrotron component with a = -0.81 +/- 0.1. This value lies between the limiting values of a = -2/3 and a = -3/2 for electrons in the slow-and fast-cooling regimes, respectively, suggesting ongoing acceleration at the emission site. The blackbody component can be more significant when using a physical synchrotron model instead of the Band function, illustrating that the Band function does not serve as a good proxy for a non-thermal synchrotron emission component. The temperature and characteristic emission-region size of the blackbody component are found to, respectively, decrease and increase as power laws with time during the prompt phase. In addition, we find that the blackbody and non-thermal components have separate temporal behaviors as far as their respective flux and spectral evolutions., AuthorCount:23

Published
2014
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33. Localization of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor

Author

Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Pelassa, V., Xiong, S., Yu, H. -F., Bhat, P. N., Burgess, J. M., Byrne, D., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Giles, M. M., Guiriec, S., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Tierney, D., Zhang, B. -B., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Pelassa, V., Xiong, S., Yu, H. -F., Bhat, P. N., Burgess, J. M., Byrne, D., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Giles, M. M., Guiriec, S., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Tierney, D., and Zhang, B. -B.

Abstract

The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected over 1400 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) since it began science operations in July, 2008. We use a subset of over 300 GRBs localized by instruments such as Swift, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, INTEGRAL, and MAXI, or through triangulations from the InterPlanetary Network (IPN), to analyze the accuracy of GBM GRB localizations. We find that the reported statistical uncertainties on GBM localizations, which can be as small as 1 degree, underestimate the distance of the GBM positions to the true GRB locations and we attribute this to systematic uncertainties. The distribution of systematic uncertainties is well represented (68% confidence level) by a 3.7 degree Gaussian with a non-Gaussian tail that contains about 10% of GBM-detected GRBs and extends to approximately 14 degrees. A more complex model suggests that there is a dependence of the systematic uncertainty on the position of the GRB in spacecraft coordinates, with GRBs in the quadrants on the Y-axis better localized than those on the X-axis., Comment: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

Published
2014
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34. Time resolved spectroscopy of SGR J1550-5418 bursts detected with Fermi/GBM

Author

Younes, G., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Baring, M. G., Granot, J., Watts, A. L., Bhat, P. N., Collazzi, A., Gehrels, N., Gorgone, N., Gogus, E., Gruber, D., Grunblatt, S., Huppenkothen, D., Kaneko, Y., von Kienlin, A., van der Klis, M., Lin, L., Mcenery, J., van Putten, T., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Younes, G., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Baring, M. G., Granot, J., Watts, A. L., Bhat, P. N., Collazzi, A., Gehrels, N., Gorgone, N., Gogus, E., Gruber, D., Grunblatt, S., Huppenkothen, D., Kaneko, Y., von Kienlin, A., van der Klis, M., Lin, L., Mcenery, J., van Putten, T., and Wijers, R. A. M. J.

Abstract

We report on time-resolved spectroscopy of the 63 brightest bursts of SGR J1550-5418, detected with Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor during its 2008-2009 intense bursting episode. We performed spectral analysis down to 4 ms time-scales, to characterize the spectral evolution of the bursts. Using a Comptonized model, we find that the peak energy, E_peak, anti-correlates with flux, while the low-energy photon index remains constant at -0.8 up to a flux limit F~10^-5 erg s-1 cm-2. Above this flux value the E_peak-flux correlation changes sign, and the index positively correlates with flux reaching 1 at the highest fluxes. Using a two black-body model, we find that the areas and fluxes of the two emitting regions correlate positively. Further, we study here for the first time, the evolution of the temperatures and areas as a function of flux. We find that the area-kT relation follows lines of constant luminosity at the lowest fluxes, R^2 \propto kT^-4, with a break at higher fluxes ($F>10^-5.5 erg s-1 cm-2). The area of the high-kT component increases with flux while its temperature decreases, which we interpret as due to an adiabatic cooling process. The area of the low-kT component, on the other hand, appears to saturate at the highest fluxes, towards R_max~30 km. Assuming that crust quakes are responsible for SGR bursts and considering R_max as the maximum radius of the emitting photon-pair plasma fireball, we relate this saturation radius to a minimum excitation radius of the magnetosphere, and put a lower limit on the internal magnetic field of SGR J1550-5418, B_int>~4.5x10^15 G., Comment: 11 Pages, 6 Figures, accpeted for publication in ApJ

Published
2014
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35. The first pulse of the extremely bright GRB 130427A: a test lab for synchrotron shocks.

Author

Preece, R, Preece, R, Burgess, J Michael, von Kienlin, A, Bhat, PN, Briggs, MS, Byrne, D, Chaplin, V, Cleveland, W, Collazzi, AC, Connaughton, V, Diekmann, A, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Gibby, M, Giles, M, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, RM, Kouveliotou, C, McBreen, S, Meegan, C, Paciesas, WS, Pelassa, V, Tierney, D, van der Horst, AJ, Wilson-Hodge, C, Xiong, S, Younes, G, Yu, H-F, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Baring, MG, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Bonamente, E, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cominsky, LR, Conrad, J, D'Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Godfrey, G, Granot, J, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Iyyani, S, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Kawano, T, Knödlseder, J, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Preece, R, Preece, R, Burgess, J Michael, von Kienlin, A, Bhat, PN, Briggs, MS, Byrne, D, Chaplin, V, Cleveland, W, Collazzi, AC, Connaughton, V, Diekmann, A, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Gibby, M, Giles, M, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Jenke, P, Kippen, RM, Kouveliotou, C, McBreen, S, Meegan, C, Paciesas, WS, Pelassa, V, Tierney, D, van der Horst, AJ, Wilson-Hodge, C, Xiong, S, Younes, G, Yu, H-F, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Baring, MG, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Bonamente, E, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cominsky, LR, Conrad, J, D'Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Godfrey, G, Granot, J, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Iyyani, S, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Kawano, T, Knödlseder, J, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, and Lovellette, MN

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously.

Published
2014

36. Localization of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor

Author

Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Pelassa, V., Xiong, S., Yu, H. -F., Bhat, P. N., Burgess, J. M., Byrne, D., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Giles, M. M., Guiriec, S., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Tierney, D., Zhang, B. -B., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Pelassa, V., Xiong, S., Yu, H. -F., Bhat, P. N., Burgess, J. M., Byrne, D., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Giles, M. M., Guiriec, S., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Tierney, D., and Zhang, B. -B.

Abstract

The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected over 1400 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) since it began science operations in July, 2008. We use a subset of over 300 GRBs localized by instruments such as Swift, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, INTEGRAL, and MAXI, or through triangulations from the InterPlanetary Network (IPN), to analyze the accuracy of GBM GRB localizations. We find that the reported statistical uncertainties on GBM localizations, which can be as small as 1 degree, underestimate the distance of the GBM positions to the true GRB locations and we attribute this to systematic uncertainties. The distribution of systematic uncertainties is well represented (68% confidence level) by a 3.7 degree Gaussian with a non-Gaussian tail that contains about 10% of GBM-detected GRBs and extends to approximately 14 degrees. A more complex model suggests that there is a dependence of the systematic uncertainty on the position of the GRB in spacecraft coordinates, with GRBs in the quadrants on the Y-axis better localized than those on the X-axis., Comment: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

Published
2014
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37. Time resolved spectroscopy of SGR J1550-5418 bursts detected with Fermi/GBM

Author

Younes, G., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Baring, M. G., Granot, J., Watts, A. L., Bhat, P. N., Collazzi, A., Gehrels, N., Gorgone, N., Gogus, E., Gruber, D., Grunblatt, S., Huppenkothen, D., Kaneko, Y., von Kienlin, A., van der Klis, M., Lin, L., Mcenery, J., van Putten, T., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Younes, G., Kouveliotou, C., van der Horst, A. J., Baring, M. G., Granot, J., Watts, A. L., Bhat, P. N., Collazzi, A., Gehrels, N., Gorgone, N., Gogus, E., Gruber, D., Grunblatt, S., Huppenkothen, D., Kaneko, Y., von Kienlin, A., van der Klis, M., Lin, L., Mcenery, J., van Putten, T., and Wijers, R. A. M. J.

Abstract

We report on time-resolved spectroscopy of the 63 brightest bursts of SGR J1550-5418, detected with Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor during its 2008-2009 intense bursting episode. We performed spectral analysis down to 4 ms time-scales, to characterize the spectral evolution of the bursts. Using a Comptonized model, we find that the peak energy, E_peak, anti-correlates with flux, while the low-energy photon index remains constant at -0.8 up to a flux limit F~10^-5 erg s-1 cm-2. Above this flux value the E_peak-flux correlation changes sign, and the index positively correlates with flux reaching 1 at the highest fluxes. Using a two black-body model, we find that the areas and fluxes of the two emitting regions correlate positively. Further, we study here for the first time, the evolution of the temperatures and areas as a function of flux. We find that the area-kT relation follows lines of constant luminosity at the lowest fluxes, R^2 \propto kT^-4, with a break at higher fluxes ($F>10^-5.5 erg s-1 cm-2). The area of the high-kT component increases with flux while its temperature decreases, which we interpret as due to an adiabatic cooling process. The area of the low-kT component, on the other hand, appears to saturate at the highest fluxes, towards R_max~30 km. Assuming that crust quakes are responsible for SGR bursts and considering R_max as the maximum radius of the emitting photon-pair plasma fireball, we relate this saturation radius to a minimum excitation radius of the magnetosphere, and put a lower limit on the internal magnetic field of SGR J1550-5418, B_int>~4.5x10^15 G., Comment: 11 Pages, 6 Figures, accpeted for publication in ApJ

Published
2014
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38. The first Fermi-Lat gamma-ray burst catalog

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, Miranda S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tierney, D., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., van der Horst, A. J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Xiong, S., Yang, Z., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, Miranda S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tierney, D., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., van der Horst, A. J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Xiong, S., and Yang, Z.

Abstract

In three years of observations since the beginning of nominal science operations in 2008 August, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has observed high-energy (greater than or similar to 20 MeV) gamma-ray emission from 35 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Among these, 28 GRBs have been detected above 100 MeV and 7 GRBs above similar to 20 MeV. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of GRBs is a compilation of these detections and provides a systematic study of high-energy emission from GRBs for the first time. To generate the catalog, we examined 733 GRBs detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi and processed each of them using the same analysis sequence. Details of the methodology followed by the LAT collaboration for the GRB analysis are provided. We summarize the temporal and spectral properties of the LAT-detected GRBs. We also discuss characteristics of LAT-detected emission such as its delayed onset and longer duration compared with emission detected by the GBM, its power-law temporal decay at late times, and the fact that it is dominated by a power-law spectral component that appears in addition to the usual Band model., QC 20131210

Published
2013
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39. Evidence for a photospheric component in the prompt emission of the short grb 120323a and its effects on the grb hardness-luminosity relation

Author

Guiriec, S., Daigne, F., Hascoët, R., Vianello, G., Ryde, Felix, Mochkovitch, R., Kouveliotou, C., Xiong, S., Bhat, P. N., Foley, S., Gruber, D., Burgess, J. M., McGlynn, S., McEnery, J., Gehrels, N., Guiriec, S., Daigne, F., Hascoët, R., Vianello, G., Ryde, Felix, Mochkovitch, R., Kouveliotou, C., Xiong, S., Bhat, P. N., Foley, S., Gruber, D., Burgess, J. M., McGlynn, S., McEnery, J., and Gehrels, N.

Abstract

The short GRB 120323A had the highest flux ever detected with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Here we study its remarkable spectral properties and their evolution using two spectral models: (1) a single emission component scenario, where the spectrum is modeled by the empirical Band function (a broken power law), and (2) a two-component scenario, where thermal (a Planck-like function) emission is observed simultaneously with a non-thermal component (a Band function). We find that the latter model fits the integrated burst spectrum significantly better than the former, and that their respective spectral parameters are dramatically different: when fit with a Band function only, the E peak of the event is unusually soft for a short gamma-ray burst (GRB; 70 keV compared to an average of 300 keV), while adding a thermal component leads to more typical short GRB values (E peak 300 keV). Our time-resolved spectral analysis produces similar results. We argue here that the two-component model is the preferred interpretation for GRB 120323A based on (1) the values and evolution of the Band function parameters of the two component scenario, which are more typical for a short GRB, and (2) the appearance in the data of a significant hardness-intensity correlation, commonly found in GRBs, when we employee two-component model fits; the correlation is non-existent in the Band-only fits. GRB 110721A, a long burst with an intense photospheric emission, exhibits the exact same behavior. We conclude that GRB 120323A has a strong photospheric emission contribution, observed for the first time in a short GRB. Magnetic dissipation models are difficult to reconcile with these results, which instead favor photospheric thermal emission and fast cooling synchrotron radiation from internal shocks. Finally, we derive a possibly universal hardness-luminosity relation in the source frame using a larger set of GRBs (), which could be used as a possible red, QC 20131121

Published
2013
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40. Multiwavelength observations of GRB 110731A : GeV emission from onset to afterglow

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Greiner, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, Miranda S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Mészáros, P., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sanchez, D. A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Briggs, M. S., Burgess, J. M., Connaughton, V., Foley, S., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Preece, R., Rau, A., Van Der Horst, A. J., Von Kienlin, A., Kann, D. A., Filgas, R., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Fukui, A., Sako, T., Tristram, P. J., Oates, S. R., Ukwatta, T. N., Littlejohns, O., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Greiner, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, Miranda S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Mészáros, P., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, Elena, Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, Felix, Sanchez, D. A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Briggs, M. S., Burgess, J. M., Connaughton, V., Foley, S., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Preece, R., Rau, A., Van Der Horst, A. J., Von Kienlin, A., Kann, D. A., Filgas, R., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Fukui, A., Sako, T., Tristram, P. J., Oates, S. R., Ukwatta, T. N., and Littlejohns, O.

Abstract

We report on the multiwavelength observations of the bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 110731A, by the Fermi and Swift observatories, and by the MOA and GROND optical telescopes. The analysis of the prompt phase reveals that GRB 110731A shares many features with bright Large Area Telescope bursts observed by Fermi during the first three years on-orbit: a light curve with short time variability across the whole energy range during the prompt phase, delayed onset of the emission above 100 MeV, extra power-law component and temporally extended high-energy emission. In addition, this is the first GRB for which simultaneous GeV, X-ray, and optical data are available over multiple epochs beginning just after the trigger time and extending for more than 800 s, allowing temporal and spectral analysis in different epochs that favor emission from the forward shock in a wind-type medium. The observed temporally extended GeV emission is most likely part of the high-energy end of the afterglow emission. Both the single-zone pair transparency constraint for the prompt signal and the spectral and temporal analysis of the forward-shock afterglow emission independently lead to an estimate of the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet Γ ∼ 500-550., QC 20130215

Published
2013
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41. Anomalies in low-energy gamma-ray burst spectra with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor

Author

Tierney, D, McBreen, S, Preece, R D, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Guiriec, S, Bissaldi, E, Briggs, M S, Burgess, James Michael, Connaughton, V, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Kouveliotou, C, McGlynn, S, Paciesas, W S, Pelassa, V, Von Kienlin, A, Tierney, D, McBreen, S, Preece, R D, Fitzpatrick, G, Foley, S, Guiriec, S, Bissaldi, E, Briggs, M S, Burgess, James Michael, Connaughton, V, Goldstein, A, Greiner, J, Gruber, D, Kouveliotou, C, McGlynn, S, Paciesas, W S, Pelassa, V, and Von Kienlin, A

Abstract

Context: A Band function has become the standard spectral function used to describe the prompt emission spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, deviations from this function have previously been observed in GRBs detected by BATSE and in individual GRBs from the Fermi era. Aims: We present a systematic and rigorous search for spectral deviations from a Band function at low energies in a sample of the first two years of high fluence, long bursts detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The sample contains 45 bursts with a fluence greater than 2 × 10-5 erg/cm2 (10-1000 keV). Methods: An extrapolated fit method is used to search for low-energy spectral anomalies, whereby a Band function is fit above a variable low-energy threshold and then the best fit function is extrapolated to lower energy data. Deviations are quantified by examining residuals derived from the extrapolated function and the data and their significance is determined via comprehensive simulations which account for the instrument response. This method was employed for both time-integrated burst spectra and time-resolved bins defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 25σ and 50σ. Results: Significant deviations are evident in 3 bursts (GRB 081215A, GRB 090424 and GRB 090902B) in the time-integrated sample (~7%) and 5 bursts (GRB 090323, GRB 090424, GRB 090820, GRB 090902B and GRB 090926A) in the time-resolved sample (~11%). Conclusions: The advantage of the systematic, blind search analysis is that it can demonstrate the requirement for an additional spectral component without any prior knowledge of the nature of that extra component. Deviations are found in a large fraction of high fluence GRBs; fainter GRBs may not have sufficient statistics for deviations to be found using this method., QC 20160331

Published
2013
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42. Neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease with early motor complications

Author

Schuepbach, W.M., Rau, J., Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Krack, P., Timmermann, L., Halbig, T.D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S.M., Meier, N., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Paschen, S., Maarouf, M., Barbe, M.T., Fink, G.R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G.H., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Brefel Courbon, C., Vesper, J., Schnitzler, A., Wojtecki, L., Houeto, J.L., Bataille, B., Maltete, D., Damier, P., Raoul, S., Sixel-Doering, F., Hellwig, D., Gharabaghi, A., Kruger, R., Pinsker, M.O., Amtage, F., Regis, J.M., Witjas, T., Thobois, S., Mertens, P., Kloss, M., Hartmann, A., Oertel, W.H., Post, B., Speelman, H., Agid, Y., Schade-Brittinger, C., Deuschl, G., et al., Schuepbach, W.M., Rau, J., Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Krack, P., Timmermann, L., Halbig, T.D., Hesekamp, H., Navarro, S.M., Meier, N., Falk, D., Mehdorn, M., Paschen, S., Maarouf, M., Barbe, M.T., Fink, G.R., Kupsch, A., Gruber, D., Schneider, G.H., Seigneuret, E., Kistner, A., Chaynes, P., Ory-Magne, F., Brefel Courbon, C., Vesper, J., Schnitzler, A., Wojtecki, L., Houeto, J.L., Bataille, B., Maltete, D., Damier, P., Raoul, S., Sixel-Doering, F., Hellwig, D., Gharabaghi, A., Kruger, R., Pinsker, M.O., Amtage, F., Regis, J.M., Witjas, T., Thobois, S., Mertens, P., Kloss, M., Hartmann, A., Oertel, W.H., Post, B., Speelman, H., Agid, Y., Schade-Brittinger, C., Deuschl, G., and et al.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Subthalamic stimulation reduces motor disability and improves quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who have severe levodopa-induced motor complications. We hypothesized that neurostimulation would be beneficial at an earlier stage of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: In this 2-year trial, we randomly assigned 251 patients with Parkinson's disease and early motor complications (mean age, 52 years; mean duration of disease, 7.5 years) to undergo neurostimulation plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone. The primary end point was quality of life, as assessed with the use of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) summary index (with scores ranging from 0 to 100 and higher scores indicating worse function). Major secondary outcomes included parkinsonian motor disability, activities of daily living, levodopa-induced motor complications (as assessed with the use of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, parts III, II, and IV, respectively), and time with good mobility and no dyskinesia. RESULTS: For the primary outcome of quality of life, the mean score for the neurostimulation group improved by 7.8 points, and that for the medical-therapy group worsened by 0.2 points (between-group difference in mean change from baseline to 2 years, 8.0 points; P=0.002). Neurostimulation was superior to medical therapy with respect to motor disability (P<0.001), activities of daily living (P<0.001), levodopa-induced motor complications (P<0.001), and time with good mobility and no dyskinesia (P=0.01). Serious adverse events occurred in 54.8% of the patients in the neurostimulation group and in 44.1% of those in the medical-therapy group. Serious adverse events related to surgical implantation or the neurostimulation device occurred in 17.7% of patients. An expert panel confirmed that medical therapy was consistent with practice guidelines for 96.8% of the patients in the neurostimulation group and for 94.5% of those in the medical-thera

Published
2013

43. Discovery of a cosmological, relativistic outburst via its rapidly fading optical emission

Author

Cenko, S.B., Kulkarni, S.R., Horesh, A., Corsi, A., Fox, D.B., Carpenter, J., Frail, D.A., Nugent, P.E., Perley, D.A., Gruber, D., Gal-Yam, A., Groot, P.J., Hallinan, G., Ofek, E.O., Rau, A., MacLeod, C.L., Miller, A.A., Bloom, J.S., Filippenko, A.V., Kasliwal, M.M., Law, N.M., Morgan, A.N., Polishook, D., Poznanski, D., Quimby, R.M., Sesar, B., Shen, K.J., Silverman, J.M., Sternberg, A., Cenko, S.B., Kulkarni, S.R., Horesh, A., Corsi, A., Fox, D.B., Carpenter, J., Frail, D.A., Nugent, P.E., Perley, D.A., Gruber, D., Gal-Yam, A., Groot, P.J., Hallinan, G., Ofek, E.O., Rau, A., MacLeod, C.L., Miller, A.A., Bloom, J.S., Filippenko, A.V., Kasliwal, M.M., Law, N.M., Morgan, A.N., Polishook, D., Poznanski, D., Quimby, R.M., Sesar, B., Shen, K.J., Silverman, J.M., and Sternberg, A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 117395.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)

Published
2013

44. THE FIRST FERMI-LAT GAMMA-RAY BURST CATALOG

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tierney, D., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., van der Horst, A. J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Xiong, S., Yang, Zhaoyu, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. Michael, Buson, S., Byrne, D., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Dingus, B. L., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goldstein, A., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Gruber, D., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kawano, T., Kippen, R. M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McBreen, S., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rau, A., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tierney, D., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., van der Horst, A. J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Xiong, S., and Yang, Zhaoyu

Abstract

In three years of observations since the beginning of nominal science operations in 2008 August, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has observed high-energy (greater than or similar to 20 MeV) gamma-ray emission from 35 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Among these, 28 GRBs have been detected above 100 MeV and 7 GRBs above similar to 20 MeV. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of GRBs is a compilation of these detections and provides a systematic study of high-energy emission from GRBs for the first time. To generate the catalog, we examined 733 GRBs detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi and processed each of them using the same analysis sequence. Details of the methodology followed by the LAT collaboration for the GRB analysis are provided. We summarize the temporal and spectral properties of the LAT-detected GRBs. We also discuss characteristics of LAT-detected emission such as its delayed onset and longer duration compared with emission detected by the GBM, its power-law temporal decay at late times, and the fact that it is dominated by a power-law spectral component that appears in addition to the usual Band model., AuthorCount:180

Published
2013
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45. MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 110731A : GeV EMISSION FROM ONSET TO AFTERGLOW

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Greiner, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Meszaros, P., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sanchez, D. A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Zhaoyu, Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Briggs, M. S., Burgess, J. M., Connaughton, V., Foley, S., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Preece, R., Rau, A., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Kann, D. A., Filgas, R., Klose, S., Kruhler, T., Fukui, A., Sako, T., Tristram, P. J., Oates, S. R., Ukwatta, T. N., Littlejohns, O., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Asano, K., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Greiner, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Meszaros, P., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sanchez, D. A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Sonbas, E., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Zhaoyu, Gruber, D., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Briggs, M. S., Burgess, J. M., Connaughton, V., Foley, S., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., McGlynn, S., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Preece, R., Rau, A., van der Horst, A. J., von Kienlin, A., Kann, D. A., Filgas, R., Klose, S., Kruhler, T., Fukui, A., Sako, T., Tristram, P. J., Oates, S. R., Ukwatta, T. N., and Littlejohns, O.

Abstract

We report on the multiwavelength observations of the bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 110731A, by the Fermi and Swift observatories, and by the MOA and GROND optical telescopes. The analysis of the prompt phase reveals that GRB 110731A shares many features with bright Large Area Telescope bursts observed by Fermi during the first three years on-orbit: a light curve with short time variability across the whole energy range during the prompt phase, delayed onset of the emission above 100 MeV, extra power-law component and temporally extended high-energy emission. In addition, this is the first GRB for which simultaneous GeV, X-ray, and optical data are available over multiple epochs beginning just after the trigger time and extending for more than 800 s, allowing temporal and spectral analysis in different epochs that favor emission from the forward shock in a wind-type medium. The observed temporally extended GeV emission is most likely part of the high-energy end of the afterglow emission. Both the single-zone pair transparency constraint for the prompt signal and the spectral and temporal analysis of the forward-shock afterglow emission independently lead to an estimate of the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet Gamma similar to 500-550.

Published
2013
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46. Prompt emission of GRB 121217A from gamma-rays to the NIR

Author

Elliott, J., Yu, H. -F., Schmidl, S., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Oates, S., Kobayashi, S., Zhang, B., Cummings, J. R., Filgas, R., Gehrels, N., Grupe, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa, Rau, A., Rossi, A., Siegel, M., Schady, P., Sudilovsky, V., Tanga, M., Varela, K., Elliott, J., Yu, H. -F., Schmidl, S., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Oates, S., Kobayashi, S., Zhang, B., Cummings, J. R., Filgas, R., Gehrels, N., Grupe, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa, Rau, A., Rossi, A., Siegel, M., Schady, P., Sudilovsky, V., Tanga, M., and Varela, K.

Abstract

The mechanism that causes the prompt-emission episode of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still widely debated despite there being thousands of prompt detections. The favoured internal shock model relates this emission to synchrotron radiation. However, it does not always explain the spectral indices of the shape of the spectrum, often fit with empirical functions. Multi-wavelength observations are therefore required to help investigate the possible underlying mechanisms that causes the prompt emission. We present GRB 121217A, for which we were able to observe its near-infrared (NIR) emission during a secondary prompt-emission episode with the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Near-infrared Detector (GROND) in combination with the Swift and Fermi satellites, covering an energy range of 0.001 keV to 100 keV. We determine a photometric redshift of z=3.1+/-0.1 with a line-of-sight extinction of A_V~0 mag, utilising the optical/NIR SED. From the afterglow, we determine a bulk Lorentz factor of Gamma~250 and an emission radius of R<10^18 cm. The prompt-emission broadband spectral energy distribution is well fit with a broken power law with b1=-0.3+/-0.1, b2=0.6+/-0.1 that has a break at E=6.6+/-0.9 keV, which can be interpreted as the maximum injection frequency. Self-absorption by the electron population below energies of E_a<6 keV suggest a magnetic field strength of B~10^5 G. However, all the best fit models underpredict the flux observed in the NIR wavelengths, which also only rebrightens by a factor of ~2 during the second prompt emission episode, in stark contrast to the X-ray emission, which rebrightens by a factor of ~100, suggesting an afterglow component is dominating the emission. We present GRB 121217A one of the few GRBs for which there are multi-wavelength observations of the prompt-emission period and show that it can be understood with a synchrotron radiation model., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2013
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47. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks

Author

Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Jóannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Zhu, S., Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Jóannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Zhu, S.

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 s is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously., Comment: This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published online in Science Express on 21 November 2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1242302] 15 pages, 4 figures and 1 table; includes supplementary online materials

Published
2013
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48. Simultaneous optical/gamma-ray observations of GRB 121217's prompt emission

Author

Elliott, J., Yu, H. -F., Schmidl, S., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Oates, S., Kobayashi, S., Zhang, B., Cummings, J. R., Filgas, R., Gehrels, N., Grupe, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa, Rau, A., Rossi, A., Siegel, M., Schady, P., Sudilovsky, V., Tanga, M., Varela, K., Elliott, J., Yu, H. -F., Schmidl, S., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Oates, S., Kobayashi, S., Zhang, B., Cummings, J. R., Filgas, R., Gehrels, N., Grupe, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Krühler, T., Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa, Rau, A., Rossi, A., Siegel, M., Schady, P., Sudilovsky, V., Tanga, M., and Varela, K.

Abstract

Since the advent of the Swift satellite it has been possible to obtain precise localisations of GRB positions of sub-arcsec accuracy within seconds, facilitating ground-based robotic telescopes to automatically slew to the target within seconds. This has yielded a plethora of observational data for the afterglow phase of the GRB, but the quantity of data (<2 keV) covering the initial prompt emission still remains small. Only in a handful of cases has it been possible obtain simultaneous coverage of the prompt emission in a multi-wavelength regime (gamma-ray to optical), as a result of: observing the field by chance prior to the GRB (e.g. 080319B/naked-eye burst), long-prompt emission (e.g., 080928, 110205A) or triggered on a pre-cursor (e.g., 041219A, 050820A, 061121). This small selection of bursts have shown both correlated and uncorrelated gamma-ray and optical light curve behaviour, and the multi-wavelength emission mechanism remains far from resolved (i.e. single population synchrotron self-Component, electron distributions, additional neutron components or residual collisions). Such multi-wavelength observations during the GRB prompt phase are pivotal in providing further insight on the poorly understood prompt emission mechanism. We add to this small sample the Swift burst 121217A that had two distinct periods of prompt emission separated by ~700 s, observed by Swift/BAT, Swift/XRT and Fermi/GBM. As a result of the time delay of the second emission, it enabled optical imaging (from 3 to 7 bands) to be taken with the GROND instrument to a resolution as fine as 10s. This multi-wavelength data will hopefully allow us to shed more light on the current picture of prompt emission physics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 7th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium, GRB 2013: paper 32 in eConf Proceedings C1304143

Published
2013

49. Time-resolved Analysis of Fermi GRBs with Fast and Slow-Cooled Synchrotron Photon Models

Author

Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, M., Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, F., Vianello, G., Burgess, J. M., Preece, R. D., Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Bhat, P. N., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Kienlin, A., Kouveliotou, C., McGlynn, S., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Rau, A., Xiong, S., Axelsson, M., Baring, M. G., Dermer, C. D., Iyyani, S., Kocevski, D., Omodei, N., Ryde, F., and Vianello, G.

Abstract

Time-resolved spectroscopy is performed on eight bright, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) dominated by single emission pulses that were observed with the {\it Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope}. Fitting the prompt radiation of GRBs by empirical spectral forms such as the Band function leads to ambiguous conclusions about the physical model for the prompt radiation. Moreover, the Band function is often inadequate to fit the data. The GRB spectrum is therefore modeled with two emission components consisting of optically thin nonthermal synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons and, when significant, thermal emission from a jet photosphere, which is represented by a blackbody spectrum. To produce an acceptable fit, the addition of a blackbody component is required in 5 out of the 8 cases. We also find that the low-energy spectral index \alpha is consistent with a synchrotron component with \alpha = -0.81\pm 0.1. This value lies between the limiting values of \alpha = -2/3 and \alpha = -3/2 for electrons in the slow and fast-cooling regimes, respectively, suggesting ongoing acceleration at the emission site. The blackbody component can be more significant when using a physical synchrotron model instead of the Band function, illustrating that the Band function does not serve as a good proxy for a nonthermal synchrotron emission component. The temperature and characteristic emission-region size of the blackbody component are found to, respectively, decrease and increase as power laws with time during the prompt phase. In addition, we find that the blackbody and nonthermal components have separate temporal behaviors.

Published
2013
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50. Discovery of a Cosmological, Relativistic Outburst via its Rapidly Fading Optical Emission

Author

Cenko, S. Bradley, Kulkarni, S. R., Horesh, Assaf, Corsi, Alessandra, Fox, Derek B., Carpenter, John, Frail, Dale A., Nugent, Peter E., Perley, Daniel A., Gruber, D., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Groot, Paul J., Hallinan, G., Ofek, Eran O., Rau, Arne, MacLeod, Chelsea L., Miller, Adam A., Bloom, Joshua S., Filippenko, Alexei V., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Law, Nicholas M., Morgan, Adam N., Polishook, David, Poznanski, Dovi, Quimby, Robert M., Sesar, Branimir, Shen, Ken J., Silverman, Jeffrey M., Sternberg, Assaf, Cenko, S. Bradley, Kulkarni, S. R., Horesh, Assaf, Corsi, Alessandra, Fox, Derek B., Carpenter, John, Frail, Dale A., Nugent, Peter E., Perley, Daniel A., Gruber, D., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Groot, Paul J., Hallinan, G., Ofek, Eran O., Rau, Arne, MacLeod, Chelsea L., Miller, Adam A., Bloom, Joshua S., Filippenko, Alexei V., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Law, Nicholas M., Morgan, Adam N., Polishook, David, Poznanski, Dovi, Quimby, Robert M., Sesar, Branimir, Shen, Ken J., Silverman, Jeffrey M., and Sternberg, Assaf

Abstract

We report the discovery by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) of the transient source PTF11agg, which is distinguished by three primary characteristics: (1) bright, rapidly fading optical transient emission; (2) a faint, blue quiescent optical counterpart; and (3) an associated year-long, scintillating radio transient. We argue that these observed properties are inconsistent with any known class of Galactic transients, and instead suggest a cosmological origin. The detection of incoherent radio emission at such distances implies a large emitting region, from which we infer the presence of relativistic ejecta. The observed properties are all consistent with the population of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), marking the first time such an outburst has been discovered in the distant universe independent of a high-energy trigger. We searched for possible high-energy counterparts to PTF11agg, but found no evidence for associated prompt emission. We therefore consider three possible scenarios to account for a GRB-like afterglow without a high-energy counterpart: an "untriggered" GRB (lack of satellite coverage), an "orphan" afterglow (viewing-angle effects), and a "dirty fireball" (suppressed high-energy emission). The observed optical and radio light curves appear inconsistent with even the most basic predictions for off-axis afterglow models. The simplest explanation, then, is that PTF11agg is a normal, on-axis long-duration GRB for which the associated high-energy emission was simply missed. However, we have calculated the likelihood of such a serendipitous discovery by PTF and find that it is quite small (~ 2.6%). While not definitive, we nonetheless speculate that PTF11agg may represent a new, more common (> 4 times the on-axis GRB rate at 90% confidence) class of relativistic outbursts lacking associated high-energy emission., Comment: 45 pages, 7 figures; Resubmitted to ApJ after incorporating referee comments

Published
2013
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