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Предложен новый экономичный способ прямого атомно-абсорбционного анализа почв, вносимых в печь в виде суспензий (~50 мг/мл). Он основан на двухстадийной зондовой атомизации, осуществляемой с помощью оригинальной роботизированной приставки АТЗОНД-1 к стандартной графитовой печи. Удается снизить матричные помехи, использовать представительные навески почвы (до 12 мг), обходиться без химической подготовки и специальных калибровочных образцов. Нижний предел определяемых содержаний в сухой почве составляет, в мг/кг: Pb – 0.002, Cd – 0.1, Se –10, Au – 3. Он достаточен для контроля ПДК и золотоносности породы. Обеспечена регулировка чувствительности для измерения концентрации Zn, Si, Al и Fe, содержание которых в почве достигает десятков процентов. Правильность проверена на образцах почв СП-1, СП-2 и СП-3, S, The new economic method of the direct atomic absorption analysis of the soils as suspensions (~50 mg/ml) is offered. It is based on the double-stage probe atomization which is carried out by means of an original robotized accessory ATZOND-1 to a commercial graphite furnace. It is possible to remove matrix interferences, to use rather representative sample weight of the soil (up to 12 mg), to do without chemical preparation and special calibration standards. The limits of determination in the dry soil for Pb – 0.002, Cd – 0.1, Se –10, Au – 3 mg/kg. It is sufficient for maximum allowable concentrations control and gold content in the rock. Sensitivity adjustment for measurement of Zn, Si, Al and Fe concentrations which contents reaches tens percent is provided. Validation is checked using soil reference materials SP-1, SP-2 and SP-3, S

The document is divided into three sections: 'The search for peace in the history of social thought,' 'Sources and the essence of wars' and 'Against an ideology of militarism and reaction, for peace and social progress.' (Author), Edited machine trans. of mono. Problemy Voinyi i Mira. Kritika Sovremennykh Burzhuaznykh Sotsialno-Filosofskikh Kontseptsii, Moscow, 1967 p1-461.

The present work involves a study of sorption of methylene blue (MB) by charcoal samples produced through torrefaction and pyrolysis processes from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). The adsorption of MB was determined using the spectrometric analysis method at various pH, temperature values and MB concentrations. The heat treatment temperature during biochar production significantly influenced the surface chemistry of biochars indicating that biochar samples, based on their thermal history alone, can behave significantly differently in the rhizosphere or in their ability to adsorb pollutants. The pH of the solution containing MB significantly affected its adsorption by biochars but trends were markedly different. The concentration of MB was also affected adsorption behavior of the two charcoals. The results indicate that biochars can be produced with desired properties to solve specific agricultural or environmental needs.

© Research India Publications. Geo-statistical model operation of the humus maintenance in soil, soil acidity and structure distribution of the top soil horizons is carried out. Data acted as covariate pedogene (average annual temperature, average annual rainfall, types map of land use) and geo-morphometric (heights map, biases map, humidity topographical index, vertical channels network, multiple scale index of valley bottom flatness). For covariate col-linearity decrease the main components method is used. Variogram maps for all three studied soil properties showed existence of the strong space anisotropy. The regression analysis showed the existence of significant distinctions between arable soils and soils of natural pedogenesis on all three studied indexes. Regression model operation allowed to eliminate anisotropy of variograms. Variograms of oddments are adjusted on exponential model. Interpolation of soil properties is carried out by method of regression kriging. Regional maps of the humus maintenance, acidity and GMS of the top soil horizons are received. The space interpolation accuracy assessment was carried out bymeans of 10-fold cross check. For all three parameters, cross check showed low values of average absolute error (ME), high correlation between the actual and interpolated values and RMSE value there are less than selection dispersions, which in total shows high precision of soil properties interpolation. It is shown that the regional maps of soil properties distribution suitable for soil environmental monitoring can be received by combination of these field researches, landscape and climatic indexes and data on land use types.

© Research India Publications. Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements, which natural content exceedance leads to serious changes in soil characteristics. It is known that the element affects the enzymatic activity of soil, the composition and amount of soil microorganisms and other biological properties. Influencing the soil microorganisms and their ability to mineralization of organic matter, arsenic can also cause a change in the content of nitrogen-containing compounds. The incubation experiment allowed us to determine the effect of arsenic, applied in the form of various doses of sodium arsenate (V) to the soil (0, 5, 50, 200, 1200 mg/kg) on the amount and activity of microorganisms, and the content of compounds such as free amino acids, the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. As the content of these compounds depends largely on the activity of microorganisms, we also considered in our study such indicators as the amount of microorganisms and substrate-induced soil respiration. The content of free amino acids and nitrate nitrogen correlated significantly with indicators of the amount of microorganisms. The investigation results also showed that the vital activity of arsenic-tolerant microorganisms is probably one of the main factors influencing the content of free amino acids and nitrates in the arsenic-contaminated soil.

© Research India Publications. Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements, which natural content exceedance leads to serious changes in soil characteristics. It is known that the element affects the enzymatic activity of soil, the composition and amount of soil microorganisms and other biological properties. Influencing the soil microorganisms and their ability to mineralization of organic matter, arsenic can also cause a change in the content of nitrogen-containing compounds. The incubation experiment allowed us to determine the effect of arsenic, applied in the form of various doses of sodium arsenate (V) to the soil (0, 5, 50, 200, 1200 mg/kg) on the amount and activity of microorganisms, and the content of compounds such as free amino acids, the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. As the content of these compounds depends largely on the activity of microorganisms, we also considered in our study such indicators as the amount of microorganisms and substrate-induced soil respiration. The content of free amino acids and nitrate nitrogen correlated significantly with indicators of the amount of microorganisms. The investigation results also showed that the vital activity of arsenic-tolerant microorganisms is probably one of the main factors influencing the content of free amino acids and nitrates in the arsenic-contaminated soil.

© Research India Publications. Geo-statistical model operation of the humus maintenance in soil, soil acidity and structure distribution of the top soil horizons is carried out. Data acted as covariate pedogene (average annual temperature, average annual rainfall, types map of land use) and geo-morphometric (heights map, biases map, humidity topographical index, vertical channels network, multiple scale index of valley bottom flatness). For covariate col-linearity decrease the main components method is used. Variogram maps for all three studied soil properties showed existence of the strong space anisotropy. The regression analysis showed the existence of significant distinctions between arable soils and soils of natural pedogenesis on all three studied indexes. Regression model operation allowed to eliminate anisotropy of variograms. Variograms of oddments are adjusted on exponential model. Interpolation of soil properties is carried out by method of regression kriging. Regional maps of the humus maintenance, acidity and GMS of the top soil horizons are received. The space interpolation accuracy assessment was carried out bymeans of 10-fold cross check. For all three parameters, cross check showed low values of average absolute error (ME), high correlation between the actual and interpolated values and RMSE value there are less than selection dispersions, which in total shows high precision of soil properties interpolation. It is shown that the regional maps of soil properties distribution suitable for soil environmental monitoring can be received by combination of these field researches, landscape and climatic indexes and data on land use types.

The present work involves a study of sorption of methylene blue (MB) by charcoal samples produced through torrefaction and pyrolysis processes from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). The adsorption of MB was determined using the spectrometric analysis method at various pH, temperature values and MB concentrations. The heat treatment temperature during biochar production significantly influenced the surface chemistry of biochars indicating that biochar samples, based on their thermal history alone, can behave significantly differently in the rhizosphere or in their ability to adsorb pollutants. The pH of the solution containing MB significantly affected its adsorption by biochars but trends were markedly different. The concentration of MB was also affected adsorption behavior of the two charcoals. The results indicate that biochars can be produced with desired properties to solve specific agricultural or environmental needs.