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In this work, chitosan films loaded with gallic acid and different content of chitin nanofibers were prepared and subjected to different characterization techniques. The results showed that the inclusion of gallic acid to chitosan films caused moderate decrease in water vapor permeability (by 29 %) and increased tensile strength of films (by 169 %) in comparison to the neat chitosan films. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chitin nanofibers up to 30 % into chitosan/gallic acid films additionally improved tensile strength (by 474 %) and reduced plasticity of films (by 171 %), when compared to the chitosan/gallic acid films. Increased concentration of chitin nanofibers in films reduced the overall water vapor permeability of films by 51 %. In addition, gallic acid and chitin nanofibers had synergic effect on high chitosan film's antioxidant and antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea (both above 95 %). Finally, chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers films reduced decay incidence of strawberries, increased total soluble solid content, and promoted high production of some polyphenols during cold storage, in comparison to the control chitosan films and uncoated strawberry samples. Hence, these results suggest that chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers can present eco-sustainable approach for preservation of strawberries, giving them additional nutritional value.

Plant biochemistry studies have increased in recent years due to their potential to improve human health. Argylia radiata is an extremophile plant with an interesting polyphenolic profile. However, its biomass is scarce and occasionally available. Argylia in vitro biomass was obtained from tissue culture and compared with in vivo roots regarding its polyphenolic and flavonoid content. Different solvents were used to prepare extracts from the in vitro tissue of callus and aerial plant organs and in vivo roots. UPLC-MS/MS was used to assess the chemical composition of each extract. ORAC-FL and scavenging of free radicals (DPPH and OH) methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of extracts. Furthermore, the biological activity of the extracts was established using the cellular antioxidant activity method. The vitroplants were a good source of polyphenols (25–68 mg GAE/100 g tissue FW), and methanol was the most efficient solvent. Eight polyphenolic compounds were identified, and their antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods with EPR demonstrating its specific scavenging activity against free radicals. All extracts showed cellular dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of vitroplants showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity (44.6% and 51%) at 1 and 10 µg/mL of extract, respectively. Vitroplants of A. radiata are proposed as a biotechnological product as a source of antioxidant compounds with multiple applications.

Plant biochemistry studies have increased in recent years due to their potential to improve human health. Argylia radiata is an extremophile plant with an interesting polyphenolic profile. However, its biomass is scarce and occasionally available. Argylia in vitro biomass was obtained from tissue culture and compared with in vivo roots regarding its polyphenolic and flavonoid content. Different solvents were used to prepare extracts from the in vitro tissue of callus and aerial plant organs and in vivo roots. UPLC-MS/MS was used to assess the chemical composition of each extract. ORAC-FL and scavenging of free radicals (DPPH and OH) methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of extracts. Furthermore, the biological activity of the extracts was established using the cellular antioxidant activity method. The vitroplants were a good source of polyphenols (25–68 mg GAE/100 g tissue FW), and methanol was the most efficient solvent. Eight polyphenolic compounds were identified, and their antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods with EPR demonstrating its specific scavenging activity against free radicals. All extracts showed cellular dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of vitroplants showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity (44.6% and 51%) at 1 and 10 µg/mL of extract, respectively. Vitroplants of A. radiata are proposed as a biotechnological product as a source of antioxidant compounds with multiple applications.

Plant biochemistry studies have increased in recent years due to their potential to improve human health. Argylia radiata is an extremophile plant with an interesting polyphenolic profile. However, its biomass is scarce and occasionally available. Argylia in vitro biomass was obtained from tissue culture and compared with in vivo roots regarding its polyphenolic and flavonoid content. Different solvents were used to prepare extracts from the in vitro tissue of callus and aerial plant organs and in vivo roots. UPLC-MS/MS was used to assess the chemical composition of each extract. ORAC-FL and scavenging of free radicals (DPPH and OH) methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of extracts. Furthermore, the biological activity of the extracts was established using the cellular antioxidant activity method. The vitroplants were a good source of polyphenols (25–68 mg GAE/100 g tissue FW), and methanol was the most efficient solvent. Eight polyphenolic compounds were identified, and their antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods with EPR demonstrating its specific scavenging activity against free radicals. All extracts showed cellular dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of vitroplants showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity (44.6% and 51%) at 1 and 10 µg/mL of extract, respectively. Vitroplants of A. radiata are proposed as a biotechnological product as a source of antioxidant compounds with multiple applications.

Murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) is an endemic Chilean specie mostly used in medical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, during the industrial processing of murta fruits, the biomass containing the seeds is discarded as an industrial byproduct that does not find significant uses yet. This work is a first approach to valorize murta biomass through the identification and quantification of principal chemical constituents and exploring their antibacterial properties. The proximal analysis revealed that murta seeds exhibited significant content of raw fiber (64%), crude fat (14%), crude protein (12%), and low levels of ashes (1.5%) and minerals (0.04–0.23%). Dietary fiber was mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (89.0%), monounsaturated fatty acids (7.7%), and saturated fatty acids (3.3%) were the main constituents of seed oils. The arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glycine were the primary protein constituent amino acids. Tannin fractions, total polyphenolic content, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity as antioxidant activity were measured. The chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis (HPLC–MS/MS) confirmed the presence of several phenolic compounds like phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones, proanthocyanidins, and high molecular weight polyphenols. The murta seed extract showed high antibacterial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Murta seeds could be considered as a new source of nutritional components and bioactive compounds for different nutraceutical and food applications. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) is an endemic Chilean specie mostly used in medical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, during the industrial processing of murta fruits, the biomass containing the seeds is discarded as an industrial byproduct that does not find significant uses yet. This work is a first approach to valorize murta biomass through the identification and quantification of principal chemical constituents and exploring their antibacterial properties. The proximal analysis revealed that murta seeds exhibited significant content of raw fiber (64%), crude fat (14%), crude protein (12%), and low levels of ashes (1.5%) and minerals (0.04–0.23%). Dietary fiber was mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (89.0%), monounsaturated fatty acids (7.7%), and saturated fatty acids (3.3%) were the main constituents of seed oils. The arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glycine were the primary protein constituent amino acids. Tannin fractions, total polyphenolic content, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity as antioxidant activity were measured. The chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis (HPLC–MS/MS) confirmed the presence of several phenolic compounds like phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones, proanthocyanidins, and high molecular weight polyphenols. The murta seed extract showed high antibacterial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Murta seeds could be considered as a new source of nutritional components and bioactive compounds for different nutraceutical and food applications. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

The differences between entire quillay honeys and their separated phenolic extracts in terms of phenolic content, flavonoid content and scavenging activity assessed through an Oxygen Radicals Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay were determined. The separated phenolic extracts of honey were obtained using Amberlite XAD-2, which is the procedure most used in analytical methods, biological assays and functional food development. The results showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were higher in entire honeys than in their separated phenolic extracts. The recovery of phenolic acids and flavonoids was variable and depended upon the method employed. The application of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), a water insoluble synthetic polymer, in the separated extracts indicated an important influence of non-phenolic reducing compounds in the polyphenolic content measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This showed the elution with methanol of these compounds together with phenolic compounds using an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The antioxidant capacity assessed through ORAC-FL and ORAC-PGR was less influenced by the interference of non-phenolic compounds than by that of total phenolic and flavonoid contents., Se estudió la diferencia entre miel de quillay entera y sus extractos fenólicos en función del contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonoides y de la actividad antioxidante mediante el ensayo de la Capacidad de Absorción de Radicales de Oxígeno (ORAC). Los extractos fenólicos se obtuvieron utilizando columna de Amberlite XAD-2, procedimiento muy empleado en estudios analíticos, biológicos y en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Los resultados demostraran que el contenido de fenoles totales, flavonoides y la capacidad antioxidante son mayores en las mieles enteras que en sus extractos fenólicos separados. Sin embargo, la recuperación de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides es variable y depende de la metodología empleada. La aplicación de polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP), un polímero sintético insoluble en agua, en los extractos separados indicó una importante influencia de compuestos reductores no fenólicos en la medida de fenoles totales determinada por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Esto demuestra que utilizando columna Amberlite XAD-2 compuestos no-fenólicos son eluídos con metanol conjuntamente los fenoles. La capacidad antioxidante medida por ORAC es menos influenciada por la contribución de compuestos no fenólicos que los valores de fenoles totales obtenidos por el método FC.

Peumus boldus is an endemic Chilean tree whose edible fruit lack a history of scientific research. The aim of this study was to determine its nutritional composition (moisture, ash, crude fiber, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) and polyphenolic content (total phenolic content, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS analysis) at different stages of development. The results show that the fruit decreased in ash, crude fiber and total phenolic content throughout its development, while its carbohydrate and protein content increased. An increase in phenolic molecules such as catechin and epicatechin was also observed. This is the first report on the nutritional composition and phenolic content of Peumus boldus Mol. fruits., Peumus boldus es un árbol endémico de Chile cuyos frutos comestibles no han sido investigados científicamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar su composición nutricional (humedad, cenizas, fibra cruda, proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos) y su contenido polifenólico (contenido de fenoles totales, análisis HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS / MS) en diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Los resultados mostraron que los frutos disminuyeron en cenizas, fibra cruda y el contenido fenólico total a lo largo de su desarrollo; mientras que su contenido de carbohidratos y proteínas aumentó. También se observó un incremento en algunos flavonoides tales como catequina y epicatequina. Este es el primer informe de la composición nutricional y contenido fenólico de los frutos de Peumus boldus Mol.

The differences between entire quillay honeys and their separated phenolic extracts in terms of phenolic content, flavonoid content and scavenging activity assessed through an Oxygen Radicals Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay were determined. The separated phenolic extracts of honey were obtained using Amberlite XAD-2, which is the procedure most used in analytical methods, biological assays and functional food development. The results showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were higher in entire honeys than in their separated phenolic extracts. The recovery of phenolic acids and flavonoids was variable and depended upon the method employed. The application of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), a water insoluble synthetic polymer, in the separated extracts indicated an important influence of non-phenolic reducing compounds in the polyphenolic content measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This showed the elution with methanol of these compounds together with phenolic compounds using an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The antioxidant capacity assessed through ORAC-FL and ORAC-PGR was less influenced by the interference of non-phenolic compounds than by that of total phenolic and flavonoid contents., Se estudió la diferencia entre miel de quillay entera y sus extractos fenólicos en función del contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonoides y de la actividad antioxidante mediante el ensayo de la Capacidad de Absorción de Radicales de Oxígeno (ORAC). Los extractos fenólicos se obtuvieron utilizando columna de Amberlite XAD-2, procedimiento muy empleado en estudios analíticos, biológicos y en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Los resultados demostraran que el contenido de fenoles totales, flavonoides y la capacidad antioxidante son mayores en las mieles enteras que en sus extractos fenólicos separados. Sin embargo, la recuperación de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides es variable y depende de la metodología empleada. La aplicación de polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP), un polímero sintético insoluble en agua, en los extractos separados indicó una importante influencia de compuestos reductores no fenólicos en la medida de fenoles totales determinada por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Esto demuestra que utilizando columna Amberlite XAD-2 compuestos no-fenólicos son eluídos con metanol conjuntamente los fenoles. La capacidad antioxidante medida por ORAC es menos influenciada por la contribución de compuestos no fenólicos que los valores de fenoles totales obtenidos por el método FC.

Peumus boldus is an endemic Chilean tree whose edible fruit lack a history of scientific research. The aim of this study was to determine its nutritional composition (moisture, ash, crude fiber, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) and polyphenolic content (total phenolic content, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS analysis) at different stages of development. The results show that the fruit decreased in ash, crude fiber and total phenolic content throughout its development, while its carbohydrate and protein content increased. An increase in phenolic molecules such as catechin and epicatechin was also observed. This is the first report on the nutritional composition and phenolic content of Peumus boldus Mol. fruits., Peumus boldus es un árbol endémico de Chile cuyos frutos comestibles no han sido investigados científicamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar su composición nutricional (humedad, cenizas, fibra cruda, proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos) y su contenido polifenólico (contenido de fenoles totales, análisis HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS / MS) en diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Los resultados mostraron que los frutos disminuyeron en cenizas, fibra cruda y el contenido fenólico total a lo largo de su desarrollo; mientras que su contenido de carbohidratos y proteínas aumentó. También se observó un incremento en algunos flavonoides tales como catequina y epicatequina. Este es el primer informe de la composición nutricional y contenido fenólico de los frutos de Peumus boldus Mol.