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1. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison

Author: Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, Breslin, Gavin, Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, and Breslin, Gavin
Abstract: Objective: To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. Design: Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. Participants: A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. Results: A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. Conclusions: The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed pr
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author: Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, Francois, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, Francois, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura-Pascual, Núria
Abstract: Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales. Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs). We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios. We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives. Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developing independent b
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison

Author: Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, Breslin, Gavin, Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, and Breslin, Gavin
Abstract: Objective: To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. Design: Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. Participants: A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. Results: A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. Conclusions: The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed pr
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author: Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura-Pascual, Núria
Abstract: Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales. Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs). We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios. We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives. Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developing independen
Published: 2024

5. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Roura-Pascual, N, Saul, WC, Pérez-Granados, C, Rutting, L, Peterson, GD, Latombe, G, Essl, F, Adriaens, T, Aldridge, DC, Bacher, S, Bernardo-Madrid, R, Brotons, L, Diaz, F, Gallardo, B, Genovesi, P, Golivets, M, González-Moreno, P, Hall, M, Kutlesa, P, Lenzner, B, Liu, CL, Pagitz, K, Pastor, T, Rabitsch, W, Robertson, P, Roy, HE, Seebens, H, Solarz, W, Starfinger, U, Tanner, R, Vilà, M, Leung, B, Garcia-Lozano, C, Jeschke, JM, Roura-Pascual, N, Saul, WC, Pérez-Granados, C, Rutting, L, Peterson, GD, Latombe, G, Essl, F, Adriaens, T, Aldridge, DC, Bacher, S, Bernardo-Madrid, R, Brotons, L, Diaz, F, Gallardo, B, Genovesi, P, Golivets, M, González-Moreno, P, Hall, M, Kutlesa, P, Lenzner, B, Liu, CL, Pagitz, K, Pastor, T, Rabitsch, W, Robertson, P, Roy, HE, Seebens, H, Solarz, W, Starfinger, U, Tanner, R, Vilà, M, Leung, B, Garcia-Lozano, C, and Jeschke, JM
Abstract: Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Published: 2024

6. First constraints on WIMP-nucleon effective field theory couplings in an extended energy region from LUX-ZEPLIN

Author: Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lin, J, Lindote, A, and Linehan, R
Abstract: Following the first science results of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating from the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA, we report the initial limits on a model-independent nonrelativistic effective field theory describing the complete set of possible interactions of a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a nucleon. These results utilize the same 5.5 t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure collected for the LZ spin-independent and spin-dependent analyses while extending the upper limit of the energy region of interest by a factor of 7.5 to 270 keV. No significant excess in this high energy region is observed. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling of each individual nonrelativistic WIMP-nucleon operator for both elastic and inelastic interactions in the isoscalar and isovector bases.
Published: 2024

7. Educational metamorphosis in nursing training: virtual reality is here to stay.

Author: Vargas Pozo, Carmen Elizabeth, Alvia López , Mónica Antonia, Oviedo Rodríguez , Ruth Jakeline, Genovesi Anguizaca, Gabriela Beatriz, Vargas Pozo, Carmen Elizabeth, Alvia López , Mónica Antonia, Oviedo Rodríguez , Ruth Jakeline, and Genovesi Anguizaca, Gabriela Beatriz
Abstract: This study used literature review as a method; electronic searches were carried out in the Medline and Science Direct databases, in the period from 2015 to 2024, with the keywords: “Virtual reality” “nursing education”.As a result, a total of 61 research articles were found, of which a total of 10 were selected, which adhered to the inclusion criteria and research question. Most research highlights the perception that virtual reality increases the skills and abilities of students due to the confidence generated by the tool, facilitates feedback on the student's performance by the teacher, and a high level of effectiveness is perceived in the acquisition and improvement of skills, and increase in the generation of higher order thoughts such as clinical judgment. Most research is geographically located in Asia and Europe.In conclusion, the implementation and use of virtual reality in nursing education represents high costs, but the long-term cost-utility relationship has proven to be effective in terms of learning achievements in health careers., Este estudio utilizó como método la revisión de literatura, se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Medline y Science Direct, en el periodo del 2015 al 2024, con las palabras clave: “Virtual reality” “nursing education”. Como resultados se encontraron en total 61 artículos de investigación, de los cuales se seleccionaron en total 10, que si se ceñían a los criterios de inclusión y pregunta de investigación. En la mayoría de investigaciones destacan la percepción de que la realidad virtual incrementa las habilidades y destrezas de los estudiantes por la confianza que genera la herramienta, facilita la retroalimentación del desempeño del estudiante por parte del docente, se percibe un alto nivel de eficacia en la adquisición y mejora de competencias, y aumento en la generación de pensamientos de orden superior como de juicio clínico. La mayoría de investigaciones están ubicadas geográficamente en Asia y Europa.Como conclusión, la implementación y el uso de realidad virtual en la educación de enfermería representa altos costos, pero la relación costo-utilidad a largo plazo ha demostrado ser efectiva en cuanto a los logros de aprendizaje en las carreras de la salud.
Published: 2024

8. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà Planella, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, García-Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà Planella, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, García-Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Abstract: Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Published: 2024

9. Between topoi and new narratives. The critical reception of women artists in the first post-war years, in the Roman art scene

Author: Genovesi, Elisa and Genovesi, Elisa
Abstract: Even in the delicate phase of the first post-war years – in a phase which represented a turning point in the art system after the collapse of the system supported by the fascist regime – the presence of women artists in the Roman art scene appears considerable. But who were they? And how did the art critics respond to their work? Was it any difference in the reception of the artworks of abstract and figurative women artists? Focusing on the art criticism of that time, we can recognise both the topoi and new narratives adopted to talk about their artworks, and some prejudices on femininity. It will be equally interesting to stress the discrepancies between the consideration that involved their work in the years under review and their subsequent critical fortune. The cases of Antonietta Raphaël, Pasquarosa, and Nwarth Zarian exemplify the various degrees of appreciation – ranging from long-term recognition to more or less long oblivion, sometimes interrupted by recent rediscoveries – experienced by women artists. Concerning the period between 1944 and 1955, this paper aims to offer some new elements to consider the hard path undertaken in this decade, even by the few women artists still celebrated today for their artistic value, such as Carla Accardi and Bice Lazzari. At the same time, it will give the opportunity to have a more complex view of the Roman art scene, bringing back attention to the frequently omitted presence of women artists and their valuable contributions.&nbsp
Published: 2024

10. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia-Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia-Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Abstract: Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social-ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Published: 2024
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11. The design, implementation, and performance of the LZ calibration systems

Author: Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O'Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O'Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, and Levy, C
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a tonne-scale experiment searching for direct dark matter interactions and other rare events. It is located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The core of the LZ detector is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), designed with the primary goal of detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their induced low energy nuclear recoils. Surrounding the TPC, two veto detectors immersed in an ultra-pure water tank enable reducing background events to enhance the discovery potential. Intricate calibration systems are purposely designed to precisely understand the responses of these three detector volumes to various types of particle interactions and to demonstrate LZ’s ability to discriminate between signals and backgrounds. In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion of the key features, requirements, and performance of the LZ calibration systems, which play a crucial role in enabling LZ’s WIMP-search and its broad science program. The thorough description of these calibration systems, with an emphasis on their novel aspects, is valuable for future calibration efforts in direct dark matter and other rare-event search experiments.
Published: 2024

12. The data acquisition system of the LZ dark matter detector: FADR

Author: Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Dimino, T, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Gelfand, R, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Koyuncu, M, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Aalbers, J, Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Dimino, T, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Gelfand, R, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Koyuncu, M, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, and Kreczko, L
Abstract: The Data Acquisition System (DAQ) for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter detector is described. The signals from 745 PMTs, distributed across three subsystems, are sampled with 100-MHz 32-channel digitizers (DDC-32s). A basic waveform analysis is carried out on the on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to extract information about the observed scintillation and electroluminescence signals. This information is used to determine if the digitized waveforms should be preserved for offline analysis. The system is designed around the Kintex-7 FPGA. In addition to digitizing the PMT signals and providing basic event selection in real time, the flexibility provided by the use of FPGAs allows us to monitor the performance of the detector and the DAQ in parallel to normal data acquisition. The hardware and software/firmware of this FPGA-based Architecture for Data acquisition and Realtime monitoring (FADR) are discussed and performance measurements are described.
Published: 2024

13. Curbing the major and growing threats from invasive alien species is urgent and achievable

Author: Roy, Helen E, Pauchard, Aníbal, Stoett, Peter J, Renard Truong, Tanara, Meyerson, Laura A, Bacher, Sven, Galil, Bella S, Hulme, Philip E, Ikeda, Tohru, Kavileveettil, Sankaran, McGeoch, Melodie A, Nuñez, Martin A, Ordonez, Alejandro, Rahlao, Sebataolo J, Schwindt, Evangelina, Seebens, Hanno, Sheppard, Andy W, Vandvik, Vigdis, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ansong, Michael, August, Tom, Blanchard, Ryan, Brugnoli, Ernesto, Bukombe, John K, Bwalya, Bridget, Byun, Chaeho, Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia, Cassey, Phillip, Castillo, María L, Courchamp, Franck, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Zenni, Rafael Dudeque, Egawa, Chika, Essl, Franz, Fayvush, Georgi, Fernandez, Romina D, Fernandez, Miguel, Foxcroft, Llewellyn C, Genovesi, Piero, Groom, Quentin J, González, Ana Isabel, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Ileana, Hiremath, Ankila J, Howard, Patricia, Hui, Cang, Ikegami, Makihiko, Keskin, Emre, Koyama, Asuka, Ksenofontov, Stanislav, Lenzner, Bernd, Lipinskaya, Tatsiana, Lockwood, Julie L, Mangwa, Dongang C, Martinou, Angeliki F, McDermott, Shana M, Morales, Carolina L, Müllerová, Jana, Mungi, Ninad Avinash, Munishi, Linus K, Ojaveer, Henn, Pagad, Shyama N, Pallewatta, Nirmalie P K T S, Peacock, Lora R, Per, Esra, Pergl, Jan, Preda, Cristina, Pyšek, Petr, Rai, Rajesh K, Ricciardi, Anthony, Richardson, David M, Riley, Sophie, Rono, Betty J, Ryan-Colton, Ellen, Saeedi, Hanieh, Shrestha, Bharat B, Simberloff, Daniel, Tawake, Alifereti, Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, Vicente, Joana, Vilà, Montserrat, Wanzala, Wycliffe, Werenkraut, Victoria, Weyl, Olaf L F, Wilson, John R U, Xavier, Rafael O, Ziller, Sílvia R, Roy, Helen E, Pauchard, Aníbal, Stoett, Peter J, Renard Truong, Tanara, Meyerson, Laura A, Bacher, Sven, Galil, Bella S, Hulme, Philip E, Ikeda, Tohru, Kavileveettil, Sankaran, McGeoch, Melodie A, Nuñez, Martin A, Ordonez, Alejandro, Rahlao, Sebataolo J, Schwindt, Evangelina, Seebens, Hanno, Sheppard, Andy W, Vandvik, Vigdis, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ansong, Michael, August, Tom, Blanchard, Ryan, Brugnoli, Ernesto, Bukombe, John K, Bwalya, Bridget, Byun, Chaeho, Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia, Cassey, Phillip, Castillo, María L, Courchamp, Franck, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Zenni, Rafael Dudeque, Egawa, Chika, Essl, Franz, Fayvush, Georgi, Fernandez, Romina D, Fernandez, Miguel, Foxcroft, Llewellyn C, Genovesi, Piero, Groom, Quentin J, González, Ana Isabel, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Ileana, Hiremath, Ankila J, Howard, Patricia, Hui, Cang, Ikegami, Makihiko, Keskin, Emre, Koyama, Asuka, Ksenofontov, Stanislav, Lenzner, Bernd, Lipinskaya, Tatsiana, Lockwood, Julie L, Mangwa, Dongang C, Martinou, Angeliki F, McDermott, Shana M, Morales, Carolina L, Müllerová, Jana, Mungi, Ninad Avinash, Munishi, Linus K, Ojaveer, Henn, Pagad, Shyama N, Pallewatta, Nirmalie P K T S, Peacock, Lora R, Per, Esra, Pergl, Jan, Preda, Cristina, Pyšek, Petr, Rai, Rajesh K, Ricciardi, Anthony, Richardson, David M, Riley, Sophie, Rono, Betty J, Ryan-Colton, Ellen, Saeedi, Hanieh, Shrestha, Bharat B, Simberloff, Daniel, Tawake, Alifereti, Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, Vicente, Joana, Vilà, Montserrat, Wanzala, Wycliffe, Werenkraut, Victoria, Weyl, Olaf L F, Wilson, John R U, Xavier, Rafael O, and Ziller, Sílvia R
Abstract: Although invasive alien species have long been recognized as a major threat to nature and people, until now there has been no comprehensive global review of the status, trends, drivers, impacts, management and governance challenges of biological invasions. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and Their Control (hereafter 'IPBES invasive alien species assessment') drew on more than 13,000 scientific publications and reports in 15 languages as well as Indigenous and local knowledge on all taxa, ecosystems and regions across the globe. Therefore, it provides unequivocal evidence of the major and growing threat of invasive alien species alongside ambitious but realistic approaches to manage biological invasions. The extent of the threat and impacts has been recognized by the 143 member states of IPBES who approved the summary for policymakers of this assessment. Here, the authors of the IPBES assessment outline the main findings of the IPBES invasive alien species assessment and highlight the urgency to act now.
Published: 2024

14. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Roura-Pascual, N., Saul, W.-C., Pérez-Granados, C., Rutting, L., Peterson, G.D., Latombe, G., Essl, F., Adriaens, T., Aldridge, D.C., Bacher, S., Bernardo-Madrid, R., Brotons, L., Diaz, F., Gallardo, B., Genovesi, P., Golivets, Maryna, González-Moreno, P., Hall, M., Kutlesa, P., Lenzner, B., Liu, C., Pagitz, K., Pastor, T., Rabitsch, W., Robertson, P., Roy, H.E., Seebens, H., Solarz, W., Starfinger, U., Tanner, R., Vilà, M., Leung, B., Garcia-Lozano, C., Jeschke, J.M., Roura-Pascual, N., Saul, W.-C., Pérez-Granados, C., Rutting, L., Peterson, G.D., Latombe, G., Essl, F., Adriaens, T., Aldridge, D.C., Bacher, S., Bernardo-Madrid, R., Brotons, L., Diaz, F., Gallardo, B., Genovesi, P., Golivets, Maryna, González-Moreno, P., Hall, M., Kutlesa, P., Lenzner, B., Liu, C., Pagitz, K., Pastor, T., Rabitsch, W., Robertson, P., Roy, H.E., Seebens, H., Solarz, W., Starfinger, U., Tanner, R., Vilà, M., Leung, B., Garcia-Lozano, C., and Jeschke, J.M.
Abstract: Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Published: 2024

15. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison

Author: Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, Breslin, Gavin, Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, and Breslin, Gavin
Abstract: Objective: To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. Design: Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. Participants: A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. Results: A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. Conclusions: The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed pr
Published: 2024
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16. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison

Author: Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, Breslin, Gavin, Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, and Breslin, Gavin
Abstract: Objective: To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. Design: Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. Participants: A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. Results: A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. Conclusions: The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed pr
Published: 2024
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17. A scenario‐guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia‐Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia‐Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Abstract: Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
Published: 2024

18. New constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the LZ experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Zweig, E. A., Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.
Abstract: Searches for dark matter with liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments have traditionally focused on the region of the parameter space that is characteristic of weakly interacting massive particles, ranging from a few GeV/$c^2$ to a few TeV/$c^2$. Models of dark matter with a mass much heavier than this are well motivated by early production mechanisms different from the standard thermal freeze-out, but they have generally been less explored experimentally. In this work, we present a re-analysis of the first science run (SR1) of the LZ experiment, with an exposure of $0.9$ tonne$\times$year, to search for ultraheavy particle dark matter. The signal topology consists of multiple energy deposits in the active region of the detector forming a straight line, from which the velocity of the incoming particle can be reconstructed on an event-by-event basis. Zero events with this topology were observed after applying the data selection calibrated on a simulated sample of signal-like events. New experimental constraints are derived, which rule out previously unexplored regions of the dark matter parameter space of spin-independent interactions beyond a mass of 10$^{17}$ GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

19. Using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to inform decision-making

Author: Kumschick, Sabrina, Bertolino, Sandro, Blackburn, Tim M., Brundu, Giuseppe, Costello, Katie E., de Groot, Maarten, Evans, Thomas, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Govender, Tanushri, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Lapin, Katharina, Measey, John, Novoa, Ana, Nunes, Ana L., Probert, Anna F., Pyšek, Petr, Preda, Cristina, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Roy, Helen E., Smith, Kevin G., Tricarico, Elena, Vilà, Montserrat, Vimercati, Giovanni, Bacher, Sven, Kumschick, Sabrina, Bertolino, Sandro, Blackburn, Tim M., Brundu, Giuseppe, Costello, Katie E., de Groot, Maarten, Evans, Thomas, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Govender, Tanushri, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Lapin, Katharina, Measey, John, Novoa, Ana, Nunes, Ana L., Probert, Anna F., Pyšek, Petr, Preda, Cristina, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Roy, Helen E., Smith, Kevin G., Tricarico, Elena, Vilà, Montserrat, Vimercati, Giovanni, and Bacher, Sven
Abstract: The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is an important tool for biological invasion policy and management and has been adopted as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard to measure the severity of environmental impacts caused by organisms living outside their native ranges. EICAT has already been incorporated into some national and local decision-making procedures, making it a particularly relevant resource for addressing the impact of non-native species. Recently, some of the underlying conceptual principles of EICAT, particularly those related to the use of the precautionary approach, have been challenged. Although still relatively new, guidelines for the application and interpretation of EICAT will be periodically revisited by the IUCN community, based on scientific evidence, to improve the process. Some of the criticisms recently raised are based on subjectively selected assumptions that cannot be generalized and may harm global efforts to manage biological invasions. EICAT adopts a precautionary principle by considering a species’ impact history elsewhere because some taxa have traits that can make them inherently more harmful. Furthermore, non-native species are often important drivers of biodiversity loss even in the presence of other pressures. Ignoring the precautionary principle when tackling the impacts of non-native species has led to devastating consequences for human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystems, as well as poor management outcomes, and thus to significant economic costs. EICAT is a relevant tool because it supports prioritization and management of non-native species and meeting and monitoring progress toward the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Target 6.
Published: 2024

20. Overwhelming evidence galvanizes a global consensus on the need for action against invasive alien species

Author: Schwindt, E., August, T.A., Vanderhoeven, S., McGeoch, M.A., Bacher, S., Galil, B.S., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Ikeda, T., Lenzner, B., Nuñez, M.A., Ordonez, A., Pauchard, A., Rahlao, S.J., Renard Truong, T., Roy, H.E., Sankaran, K.V., Seebens, H., Sheppard, A.W., Stoett, P., Vandvik, V., Wilson, J.R.U., Meyerson, L.A., Schwindt, E., August, T.A., Vanderhoeven, S., McGeoch, M.A., Bacher, S., Galil, B.S., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Ikeda, T., Lenzner, B., Nuñez, M.A., Ordonez, A., Pauchard, A., Rahlao, S.J., Renard Truong, T., Roy, H.E., Sankaran, K.V., Seebens, H., Sheppard, A.W., Stoett, P., Vandvik, V., Wilson, J.R.U., and Meyerson, L.A.
Abstract: Letter to the Editor.
Published: 2024

21. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author: Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura‐Pascual, Núria
Abstract: 1. Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales. 2. Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs). 3. We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios. 4. We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives. 5. Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developin
Published: 2024

22. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison

Author: Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, Breslin, Gavin, Murray, Conor, Coyle, Brendan, Morgan, Haydyn, Marder, Ian, Woods, David, Haughey, Tandy, Maycock, Matthew, Genovesi, Federico, Meek, Rosie, Parker, Andrew, Smith, Andy, Kay, Chris, Brink, Gerko, Rovers, Hubert, Haudenhuyse, Rein, Roe, Daniel, Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Donohue, Brad, Bohall, Greg, Martinez, Nagore, Martos-Garcia, Daniel, Whitley, Meredith, Norman, Mark, Demalija, Rifat, Sherry, Emma, Chitsawang, Nathee, Adebayo Aderonmu, Kehinde, and Breslin, Gavin
Abstract: Objective: To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. Design: Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. Participants: A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. Results: A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. Conclusions: The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed pr
Published: 2024
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23. The Positive Impact of Conservation Action

Author: Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, Brooks, Thomas M., Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, and Brooks, Thomas M.
Abstract: Governments recently adopted new global targets to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand the outcomes of conservation actions. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 186 studies (including 665 trials) that measured biodiversity over time and compared outcomes under conservation action with a suitable counterfactual of no action. We find that in two-thirds of cases, conservation either improved the state of biodiversity or at least slowed declines. Specifically, we find that interventions targeted at species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control, habitat loss reduction and restoration, protected areas, and sustainable management, are highly effective and have large effect sizes. This provides the strongest evidence to date that conservation actions are successful but require transformational scaling up to meet global targets.
Published: 2024

24. The Positive Impact of Conservation Action

Author: Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, Brooks, Thomas M., Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, and Brooks, Thomas M.
Abstract: Governments recently adopted new global targets to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand the outcomes of conservation actions. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 186 studies (including 665 trials) that measured biodiversity over time and compared outcomes under conservation action with a suitable counterfactual of no action. We find that in two-thirds of cases, conservation either improved the state of biodiversity or at least slowed declines. Specifically, we find that interventions targeted at species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control, habitat loss reduction and restoration, protected areas, and sustainable management, are highly effective and have large effect sizes. This provides the strongest evidence to date that conservation actions are successful but require transformational scaling up to meet global targets.
Published: 2024

25. Introduction: A Critical Eye on Critical Pragmatics

Author: Filosofía, Filosofia, Genovesi, Chris, Garmendia, Ekain, Filosofía, Filosofia, Genovesi, Chris, and Garmendia, Ekain
Abstract: We journey into the realm of pragmatics when we ask how speakers manage to convey more than or go beyond what they literally say. In fact, such considerations paved the way to what we may now call “Classical Pragmatics”, which developed sometime around the mid-sixties by authors like John L. Austin, Paul Grice, and John Searle. Together, their innovative research contributed to identifying failures with and offering solutions to problems concerning the “code model” of communication. There is no doubt that pragmatics constitutes a crucial aspect of (the study of linguistic) communication, however, there is little consensus on its precise nature and role. Critical Pragmatics establishes an important and novel step in understanding the nature and roles played by the semantic and pragmatic systems and their interface.
Published: 2024

26. New constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the LZ experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Zweig, E. A., Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.
Abstract: Searches for dark matter with liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments have traditionally focused on the region of the parameter space that is characteristic of weakly interacting massive particles, ranging from a few GeV/$c^2$ to a few TeV/$c^2$. Models of dark matter with a mass much heavier than this are well motivated by early production mechanisms different from the standard thermal freeze-out, but they have generally been less explored experimentally. In this work, we present a re-analysis of the first science run (SR1) of the LZ experiment, with an exposure of $0.9$ tonne$\times$year, to search for ultraheavy particle dark matter. The signal topology consists of multiple energy deposits in the active region of the detector forming a straight line, from which the velocity of the incoming particle can be reconstructed on an event-by-event basis. Zero events with this topology were observed after applying the data selection calibrated on a simulated sample of signal-like events. New experimental constraints are derived, which rule out previously unexplored regions of the dark matter parameter space of spin-independent interactions beyond a mass of 10$^{17}$ GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

27. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author: Environmental Governance, Roura-Pascual, N, Saul, WC, Pérez-Granados, C, Rutting, L, Peterson, GD, Latombe, G, Essl, F, Adriaens, T, Aldridge, DC, Bacher, S, Bernardo-Madrid, R, Brotons, L, Diaz, F, Gallardo, B, Genovesi, P, Golivets, M, González-Moreno, P, Hall, M, Kutlesa, P, Lenzner, B, Liu, CL, Pagitz, K, Pastor, T, Rabitsch, W, Robertson, P, Roy, HE, Seebens, H, Solarz, W, Starfinger, U, Tanner, R, Vilà, M, Leung, B, Garcia-Lozano, C, Jeschke, JM, Environmental Governance, Roura-Pascual, N, Saul, WC, Pérez-Granados, C, Rutting, L, Peterson, GD, Latombe, G, Essl, F, Adriaens, T, Aldridge, DC, Bacher, S, Bernardo-Madrid, R, Brotons, L, Diaz, F, Gallardo, B, Genovesi, P, Golivets, M, González-Moreno, P, Hall, M, Kutlesa, P, Lenzner, B, Liu, CL, Pagitz, K, Pastor, T, Rabitsch, W, Robertson, P, Roy, HE, Seebens, H, Solarz, W, Starfinger, U, Tanner, R, Vilà, M, Leung, B, Garcia-Lozano, C, and Jeschke, JM
Published: 2024

28. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author: Environmental Governance, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Environmental Governance, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura-Pascual, Núria
Published: 2024

29. Probing the Scalar WIMP-Pion Coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., deViveiros, L., DiFelice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., vanderGrinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., DKim, J., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Zweig, E. A., Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., deViveiros, L., DiFelice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., vanderGrinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., DKim, J., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.
Abstract: Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5~tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of $1.5\times10^{-46}$~cm$^2$ at a 90\% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33~GeV/c$^2$ for this interaction.
Published: 2024

30. Curbing the major and growing threats from invasive alien species is urgent and achievable

Author: Roy, Helen E., Pauchard, Aníbal, Stoett, Peter J., Renard Truong, Tanara, Meyerson, Laura A., Bacher, Sven, Galil, Bella S., Hulme, Philip E., Ikeda, Tohru, Kavileveettil, Sankaran, McGeoch, Melodie A., Nuñez, Martin A., Ordonez, Alejandro, Rahlao, Sebataolo J., Schwindt, Evangelina, Seebens, Hanno, Sheppard, Andy W., Vandvik, Vigdis, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ansong, Michael, August, Tom, Blanchard, Ryan, Brugnoli, Ernesto, Bukombe, John K., Bwalya, Bridget, Byun, Chaeho, Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia, Cassey, Phillip, Castillo, María L., Courchamp, Franck, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Zenni, Rafael Dudeque, Egawa, Chika, Essl, Franz, Fayvush, Georgi, Fernandez, Romina D., Fernandez, Miguel, Foxcroft, Llewellyn C., Genovesi, Piero, Groom, Quentin J., González, Ana Isabel, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Ileana, Hiremath, Ankila J., Howard, Patricia L., Hui, Cang, Ikegami, Makihiko, Keskin, Emre, Koyama, Asuka, Ksenofontov, Stanislav, Lenzner, Bernd, Lipinskaya, Tatsiana, Lockwood, Julie L., Mangwa, Dongang C., Martinou, Angeliki F., McDermott, Shana M., Morales, Carolina L., Müllerová, Jana, Mungi, Ninad Avinash, Munishi, Linus K., Ojaveer, Henn, Pagad, Shyama N., Pallewatta, Nirmalie P.K.T.S., Peacock, Lora R., Per, Esra, Pergl, Jan, Preda, Cristina, Pyšek, Petr, Rai, Rajesh K., Ricciardi, Anthony, Richardson, David M., Riley, Sophie, Rono, Betty J., Ryan-Colton, Ellen, Saeedi, Hanieh, Shrestha, Bharat B., Simberloff, Daniel, Tawake, Alifereti, Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, Vicente, Joana, Vilà, Montserrat, Wanzala, Wycliffe, Werenkraut, Victoria, Weyl, Olaf L.F., Wilson, John R.U., Xavier, Rafael O., Ziller, Sílvia R., Roy, Helen E., Pauchard, Aníbal, Stoett, Peter J., Renard Truong, Tanara, Meyerson, Laura A., Bacher, Sven, Galil, Bella S., Hulme, Philip E., Ikeda, Tohru, Kavileveettil, Sankaran, McGeoch, Melodie A., Nuñez, Martin A., Ordonez, Alejandro, Rahlao, Sebataolo J., Schwindt, Evangelina, Seebens, Hanno, Sheppard, Andy W., Vandvik, Vigdis, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ansong, Michael, August, Tom, Blanchard, Ryan, Brugnoli, Ernesto, Bukombe, John K., Bwalya, Bridget, Byun, Chaeho, Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia, Cassey, Phillip, Castillo, María L., Courchamp, Franck, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Zenni, Rafael Dudeque, Egawa, Chika, Essl, Franz, Fayvush, Georgi, Fernandez, Romina D., Fernandez, Miguel, Foxcroft, Llewellyn C., Genovesi, Piero, Groom, Quentin J., González, Ana Isabel, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Ileana, Hiremath, Ankila J., Howard, Patricia L., Hui, Cang, Ikegami, Makihiko, Keskin, Emre, Koyama, Asuka, Ksenofontov, Stanislav, Lenzner, Bernd, Lipinskaya, Tatsiana, Lockwood, Julie L., Mangwa, Dongang C., Martinou, Angeliki F., McDermott, Shana M., Morales, Carolina L., Müllerová, Jana, Mungi, Ninad Avinash, Munishi, Linus K., Ojaveer, Henn, Pagad, Shyama N., Pallewatta, Nirmalie P.K.T.S., Peacock, Lora R., Per, Esra, Pergl, Jan, Preda, Cristina, Pyšek, Petr, Rai, Rajesh K., Ricciardi, Anthony, Richardson, David M., Riley, Sophie, Rono, Betty J., Ryan-Colton, Ellen, Saeedi, Hanieh, Shrestha, Bharat B., Simberloff, Daniel, Tawake, Alifereti, Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, Vicente, Joana, Vilà, Montserrat, Wanzala, Wycliffe, Werenkraut, Victoria, Weyl, Olaf L.F., Wilson, John R.U., Xavier, Rafael O., and Ziller, Sílvia R.
Abstract: Although invasive alien species have long been recognized as a major threat to nature and people, until now there has been no comprehensive global review of the status, trends, drivers, impacts, management and governance challenges of biological invasions. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and Their Control (hereafter ‘IPBES invasive alien species assessment’) drew on more than 13,000 scientific publications and reports in 15 languages as well as Indigenous and local knowledge on all taxa, ecosystems and regions across the globe. Therefore, it provides unequivocal evidence of the major and growing threat of invasive alien species alongside ambitious but realistic approaches to manage biological invasions. The extent of the threat and impacts has been recognized by the 143 member states of IPBES who approved the summary for policymakers of this assessment. Here, the authors of the IPBES assessment outline the main findings of the IPBES invasive alien species assessment and highlight the urgency to act now.
Published: 2024

31. The Data Acquisition System of the LZ Dark Matter Detector: FADR

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Buckley, J. H., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Dimino, T., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mclaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Moongweluwan, M., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Oh, H., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sarkis, R., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Skulski, W., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Vaitkus, J., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Buckley, J. H., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Dimino, T., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mclaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Moongweluwan, M., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Oh, H., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sarkis, R., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Skulski, W., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Vaitkus, J., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Yin, J.
Abstract: The Data Acquisition System (DAQ) for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter detector is described. The signals from 745 PMTs, distributed across three subsystems, are sampled with 100-MHz 32-channel digitizers (DDC-32s). A basic waveform analysis is carried out on the on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to extract information about the observed scintillation and electroluminescence signals. This information is used to determine if the digitized waveforms should be preserved for offline analysis. The system is designed around the Kintex-7 FPGA. In addition to digitizing the PMT signals and providing basic event selection in real time, the flexibility provided by the use of FPGAs allows us to monitor the performance of the detector and the DAQ in parallel to normal data acquisition. The hardware and software/firmware of this FPGA-based Architecture for Data acquisition and Realtime monitoring (FADR) are discussed and performance measurements are described., Comment: 18 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024

32. Constraints On Covariant WIMP-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Interactions from the First Science Run of the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. H., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Zweig, E. A., Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. H., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.
Abstract: The first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time project chamber operating in the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA, has reported leading limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions and interactions described from a non-relativistic effective field theory (NREFT). Using the same 5.5~t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure we report on the results of a relativistic extension to the NREFT. We present constraints on couplings from covariant interactions arising from the coupling of vector, axial currents, and electric dipole moments of the nucleon to the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the WIMP which cannot be described by recasting previous results described by an NREFT. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, in an energy region between 0~keV$_\text{nr}$ to 270~keV$_\text{nr}$, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling strength of five interactions in both the isoscalar and isovector bases., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

33. The Positive Impact of Conservation Action

Author: Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, Brooks, Thomas M., Langhammer, Penny, Bull, Joseph W., Bicknell, Jake E., Oakley, Joseph L., Brown, Mary H., Bruford, Michael W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Carr, Jamie A., Church, Don, Cooney, Rosie, Cutajar, Simone, Foden, Wendy, Foster, Matthew N., Gascon, Claude, Geldmann, Jonas, Genovesi, Piero, Hoffmann, Michael, Howard-McCombe, Jo, Lewis, Tiffany, Macfarlane, Nicholas B.W., Melvin, Zoe E., Merizalde, Rossana G., Morehouse, Meredith G., Pagad, Shyama, Polidoro, Beth, Sechrest, Wes, Segelbacher, Gernot, Smith, Kevin G., Steadman, Janna, Strongin, Kyle, Williams, Jake, Woodley, Stephen, and Brooks, Thomas M.
Abstract: Governments recently adopted new global targets to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand the outcomes of conservation actions. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 186 studies (including 665 trials) that measured biodiversity over time and compared outcomes under conservation action with a suitable counterfactual of no action. We find that in two-thirds of cases, conservation either improved the state of biodiversity or at least slowed declines. Specifically, we find that interventions targeted at species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control, habitat loss reduction and restoration, protected areas, and sustainable management, are highly effective and have large effect sizes. This provides the strongest evidence to date that conservation actions are successful but require transformational scaling up to meet global targets.
Published: 2024

34. Wall Properties of Elastic and Muscular Arteries in Children and Adolescents at Increased Cardiovascular Risk

Author: Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Giussani, M, Antolini, L, Orlando, A, Salvi, P, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Tassistro E., Lieti G., Patti I., Giussani M., Antolini L., Orlando A., Salvi P., Parati G., Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Giussani, M, Antolini, L, Orlando, A, Salvi, P, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Tassistro E., Lieti G., Patti I., Giussani M., Antolini L., Orlando A., Salvi P., and Parati G.
Abstract: Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment represents a simple method to estimate arterial distensibility. At present, carotid-femoral PWV (cf-PWV) is considered the gold standard method in the non-invasive evaluation of the elastic properties of the aorta. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of muscular arteries can be evaluated on the axillo-brachial-radia axis by estimating the carotid-radial PWV (cr-PWV). While a number of studies have addressed these issues in adults, limited information is available on the respective features of cf-PWV and cr-PWV and on their modulating factors in children and adolescents at increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: The mechanical properties of the predominantly elastic (aorta) and muscular (axillo-brachial-radial axis) arteries were evaluated in a pediatric population characterized by either elevated blood pressure (BP) or excess body weight, and the main factors affecting cf-PWV and cr-PWV values in these individuals were investigated. Results: 443 children and adolescents (median age 11.5 years, 43.3% females) were enrolled; 25% had BP values >90th percentile and 81% were excess weight. The cf-PWV values were significantly lower than the cr-PWV values: median (Q1-Q3) = 4.8 m/s (4.3-5.5) and 5.8 m/s (5.0-6.5), respectively (p < 0.001). The pubertal development (p < 0.03), systolic BP and diastolic BP z-scores (p = 0.002), heart rate (p < 0.001), and waist-to-height ratio (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with cf-PWV values. No significant association was found between BMI z-score and cf-PWV. Predictors of high cf-PWV (>95th percentile) were the heart rate (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04-1.10, p < 0.001) and waist-to-height ratio (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.0-1.13, p = 0.04). The variables significantly related with cr-PWV values were diastolic BP z-score (p = 0.001), heart rate (p < 0.01), and HOMA index (p < 0.02). No significant association was found between the cr-PWV and BMI z-score or waist-to
Published: 2023

35. Evidence and Uncertainties on Lipoprotein(a) as a Marker of Cardiovascular Health Risk in Children and Adolescents

Author: Genovesi, S, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Patti, I, Parati, G, Genovesi, Simonetta, Giussani, Marco, Lieti, Giulia, Orlando, Antonina, Patti, Ilenia, Parati, Gianfranco, Genovesi, S, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Patti, I, Parati, G, Genovesi, Simonetta, Giussani, Marco, Lieti, Giulia, Orlando, Antonina, Patti, Ilenia, and Parati, Gianfranco
Abstract: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is made up of apoprotein(a) (apo(a)) and an LDL-like particle. The LPA gene encodes apo(a) and thus determines the characteristics and amount of apo(a) and Lp(a). The proportion of Lp(a) in each individual is genetically determined and is only minimally modifiable by the environment or diet. Lp(a) has important pro-atherosclerotic and pro-inflammatory effects. It has been hypothesized that Lp(a) also has pro-coagulant and antifibrinolytic actions. For these reasons, high Lp(a) values are an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Numerous studies have been performed in adults about the pathophysiology and epidemiology of Lp(a) and research is under way for the development of drugs capable of reducing Lp(a) plasma values. Much less information is available regarding Lp(a) in children and adolescents. The present article reviews the evidence on this topic. The review addresses the issues of Lp(a) changes during growth, the correlation between Lp(a) values in children and those in their parents, and between Lp(a) levels in children, and the presence of cardiovascular disease in the family. Gaining information on these points is particularly important for deciding whether Lp(a) assay may be useful for defining the cardiovascular risk in children, in order to plan a prevention program early.
Published: 2023

36. Clinical Approach in the Management of Paediatric Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A National Survey Conducted by the LIPIGEN Paediatric Group

Author: Pederiva, C, Gazzotti, M, Arca, M, Averna, M, Banderali, G, Biasucci, G, Brambilla, M, Buonuomo, P, Calabrò, P, Cipollone, F, Citroni, N, D'Addato, S, Del Ben, M, Genovesi, S, Guardamagna, O, Iannuzzo, G, Iughetti, L, Mandraffino, G, Maroni, L, Mombelli, G, Muntoni, S, Nascimbeni, F, Passaro, A, Pellegatta, F, Pirro, M, Pisciotta, L, Pujia, R, Sarzani, R, Scicali, R, Suppressa, P, Zambon, S, Zenti, M, Calandra, S, Catapano, A, Tarugi, P, Galimberti, F, Casula, M, Capra, M, Pederiva, Cristina, Gazzotti, Marta, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Banderali, Giuseppe, Biasucci, Giacomo, Brambilla, Marta, Buonuomo, Paola Sabrina, Calabrò, Paolo, Cipollone, Francesco, Citroni, Nadia, D'Addato, Sergio, Del Ben, Maria, Genovesi, Simonetta, Guardamagna, Ornella, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Maroni, Lorenzo, Mombelli, Giuliana, Muntoni, Sandro, Nascimbeni, Fabio, Passaro, Angelina, Pellegatta, Fabio, Pirro, Matteo, Pisciotta, Livia, Pujia, Roberta, Sarzani, Riccardo, Scicali, Roberto, Suppressa, Patrizia, Zambon, Sabina, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Calandra, Sebastiano, Catapano, Alberico Luigi, Tarugi, Patrizia, Galimberti, Federica, Casula, Manuela, Capra, Maria Elena, Pederiva, C, Gazzotti, M, Arca, M, Averna, M, Banderali, G, Biasucci, G, Brambilla, M, Buonuomo, P, Calabrò, P, Cipollone, F, Citroni, N, D'Addato, S, Del Ben, M, Genovesi, S, Guardamagna, O, Iannuzzo, G, Iughetti, L, Mandraffino, G, Maroni, L, Mombelli, G, Muntoni, S, Nascimbeni, F, Passaro, A, Pellegatta, F, Pirro, M, Pisciotta, L, Pujia, R, Sarzani, R, Scicali, R, Suppressa, P, Zambon, S, Zenti, M, Calandra, S, Catapano, A, Tarugi, P, Galimberti, F, Casula, M, Capra, M, Pederiva, Cristina, Gazzotti, Marta, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Banderali, Giuseppe, Biasucci, Giacomo, Brambilla, Marta, Buonuomo, Paola Sabrina, Calabrò, Paolo, Cipollone, Francesco, Citroni, Nadia, D'Addato, Sergio, Del Ben, Maria, Genovesi, Simonetta, Guardamagna, Ornella, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Maroni, Lorenzo, Mombelli, Giuliana, Muntoni, Sandro, Nascimbeni, Fabio, Passaro, Angelina, Pellegatta, Fabio, Pirro, Matteo, Pisciotta, Livia, Pujia, Roberta, Sarzani, Riccardo, Scicali, Roberto, Suppressa, Patrizia, Zambon, Sabina, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Calandra, Sebastiano, Catapano, Alberico Luigi, Tarugi, Patrizia, Galimberti, Federica, Casula, Manuela, and Capra, Maria Elena
Abstract: Detection and treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) starting from childhood is fundamental to reduce morbidity and mortality. The activity of National realities such as the LIPIGEN (LIpid transPort disorders Italian GEnetic Network) Paediatric Group, founded in 2018, is a milestone in this context. The aim of this exploratory survey, conducted in October 2021 among Italian lipid clinics included in the LIPIGEN Paediatric Group, was to investigate the current clinical approach in the management and treatment of paediatric patients with suspected FH. A digital questionnaire composed of 20 questions investigating nutritional treatment and nutraceutical and pharmacological therapy for children and adolescents with FH was proposed to the principal investigators of 30 LIPIGEN centres. Twenty-four centres responded to the section referring to children aged < 10 years and 30 to that referring to adolescents. Overall, 66.7% of children and 73.3% of adolescents were given lipid-lowering nutritional treatment as the first intervention level for at least 3–4 months (29.2% and 23.3%) or 6–12 months (58.3% and 53.3%). Nutraceuticals were considered in 41.7% (regarding children) and 50.0% (regarding adolescents) of the centres as a supplementary approach to diet. Lipid-lowering drug therapy initiation was mainly recommended (91.7% and 80.0%). In 83.3% of children and 96.7% of adolescents, statins were the most frequently prescribed drug. We highlighted several differences in the treatment of paediatric patients with suspected FH among Italian centres; however, the overall approach is in line with the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) recommendations for FH children and adolescents. We consider this survey as a starting point to reinforce collaboration between LIPIGEN centres and to elaborate in the near future a consensus document on the management of paediatric patients with suspected FH so as to improve and uniform detection, management, and treat
Published: 2023

37. Prognostic Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Dialysis Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings from the Lombardy Health Database

Author: Cosentino, N, Genovesi, S, Bonomi, A, Trombara, F, Ludergnani, M, Leoni, O, Bortolan, F, Agostoni, P, Marenzi, G, Cosentino N., Genovesi S., Bonomi A., Trombara F., Ludergnani M., Leoni O., Bortolan F., Agostoni P., Marenzi G., Cosentino, N, Genovesi, S, Bonomi, A, Trombara, F, Ludergnani, M, Leoni, O, Bortolan, F, Agostoni, P, Marenzi, G, Cosentino N., Genovesi S., Bonomi A., Trombara F., Ludergnani M., Leoni O., Bortolan F., Agostoni P., and Marenzi G.
Abstract: Background: Patients on chronic dialysis are less likely to be treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is due to the lack of evidence from randomized trials, concerns about possible PCI-related side effects, and multimorbidity. Therefore, routine use of PCI for treatment of dialysis patients with AMI remains an unresolved issue. Methods: We analyzed data of patients on chronic dialysis hospitalized with AMI from 2003 to 2018, by using the administrative Lombardy Health Database (Italy). Patients were grouped according to whether they underwent or not PCI during index hospitalization. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality was the secondary endpoint. Results: During the study period, 265,048 patients were hospitalized with AMI. Of them, 3206 (1.2%) were on chronic dialysis (age 71 ± 11; 72% males). Among dialysis patients, 44% underwent PCI, while 54% underwent PCI among non-dialysis patients (p < 0.0001). Dialysis was an independent predictor of treatment with medical therapy only (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.70–0.81]). In-hospital mortality in the dialysis cohort was 15%, significantly lower in patients treated with PCI than in those not treated with PCI (11% vs. 19%; p < 0.0001). One-year mortality was 47% and it was lower in PCI-treated patients (33% vs. 52%; p < 0.0001). The adjusted risk of the study endpoints was significantly lower in dialysis patients undergoing PCI: OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.50–0.76) for in-hospital mortality; HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.56–0.71) for 1-year mortality. Conclusions: This study showed that in AMI patients on chronic dialysis, PCI is associated with a significant in-hospital and 1-year survival benefit. Yet, they underwent PCI less frequently than patients with preserved renal function.
Published: 2023

38. Association between lifestyle modifications and improvement of early cardiac damage in children and adolescents with excess weight and/or high blood pressure

Author: Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Giussani, M, Antolini, L, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Montemerlo, M, Patti, I, Parati, G, Genovesi, Simonetta, Tassistro, Elena, Giussani, Marco, Antolini, Laura, Lieti, Giulia, Orlando, Antonina, Montemerlo, Massimo, Patti, Ilenia, Parati, Gianfranco, Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Giussani, M, Antolini, L, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Montemerlo, M, Patti, I, Parati, G, Genovesi, Simonetta, Tassistro, Elena, Giussani, Marco, Antolini, Laura, Lieti, Giulia, Orlando, Antonina, Montemerlo, Massimo, Patti, Ilenia, and Parati, Gianfranco
Abstract: Background It is not known whether, in children and adolescents with alterations in weight and/or blood pressure (BP), lifestyle modifications are associated with an improvement of early cardiac damage.Methods In a pediatric population referred for excess weight, high BP, or both (n = 278, 10.6 (2.3) years), echocardiography was performed at enrollment and after 15 months of follow-up, during which participants received nonpharmacological treatment, based on correcting unhealthy lifestyles and improving dietary habits. Left ventricular mass was indexed for height (g/m(2.7), LVMI), and an LVMI value higher than or equal to age- and gender-specific 95(th) percentile was the criterion for defining left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine associations between changes in BMI and BP z-scores and changes of LVMI values and LVH prevalence, from baseline to follow-up.Results At baseline, 33.1% of study participants were hypertensive, 52.9% obese, and 36.3% had LVH. At follow-up, the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and LVH was 18.7%, 30.2%, and 22.3%, respectively (p < 0.001 for all). A decrease in LVMI from 37.1 to 35.2 g/m(2.7) (p < 0.001) was observed. Only delta BMI z-score positively related to an improvement of LVMI. Reductions of BMI (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.64) and diastolic BP (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.93) z-scores from baseline to follow-up and family history of hypertension (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.78) were associated with a lower prevalence of LVH.Conclusions In a pediatric population at cardiovascular risk, changing incorrect lifestyle and dietary habits is associated with both reduction of BMI and BP values and regression of early cardiac damage.
Published: 2023

39. Elevated Serum Urea-to-Creatinine Ratio and In-Hospital Death in Patients with Hyponatremia Hospitalized for COVID-19

Author: Regolisti, G, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Lieti, G, Molon, G, Maloberti, A, Algeri, M, Giannattasio, C, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Lieti, Giulia, Molon, Giulio, Maloberti, Alessandro, Algeri, Michela, Giannattasio, Cristina, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, G, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Lieti, G, Molon, G, Maloberti, A, Algeri, M, Giannattasio, C, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Lieti, Giulia, Molon, Giulio, Maloberti, Alessandro, Algeri, Michela, Giannattasio, Cristina, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, and Genovesi, Simonetta
Abstract: Hyponatremia is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients. An elevated value of the serum urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR) has been proposed as a proxy of hypovolemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the UCR and in-hospital death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and hyponatremia. We studied 258 patients admitted for COVID-19 between January 2020 and May 2021 with serum sodium at < 135 mmol/L. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality. A 5-unit increase in the serum UCR during hospital stays was associated with an 8% increase in the hazard of all-cause death (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.14, p = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. In patients with a UCR > 40 at baseline, a > 10 mmol/L increase in serum sodium values within the first week of hospitalization was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.03–8.36, p = 0.044) compared to patients who experienced a < 10 mmol/L change. This was not observed in patients with a UCR < 40. Hypovolemia developing during hospital stays in COVID-19 patients with hyponatremia detected at hospital admission bears an adverse prognostic impact. Moreover, in hypovolemic patients, a > 10 mmol/L increase in serum sodium within the first week of hospital stays may further worsen the in-hospital prognosis.
Published: 2023

40. Negative prognostic impact of electrolyte disorders in patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in a large multicenter study

Author: Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Belli, M, Molon, G, Citerio, G, Beltrame, A, Maloberti, A, Generali, E, Giannattasio, C, Epis, O, Rossetti, C, Bellelli, G, De Nalda, A, Capua, I, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Belli, Michele, Molon, Giulio, Citerio, Giuseppe, Beltrame, Anna, Maloberti, Alessandro, Generali, Elena, Giannattasio, Cristina, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Rossetti, Claudio, Bellelli, Giuseppe, De Nalda, Ana Lleo, Capua, Ilaria, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Belli, M, Molon, G, Citerio, G, Beltrame, A, Maloberti, A, Generali, E, Giannattasio, C, Epis, O, Rossetti, C, Bellelli, G, De Nalda, A, Capua, I, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Belli, Michele, Molon, Giulio, Citerio, Giuseppe, Beltrame, Anna, Maloberti, Alessandro, Generali, Elena, Giannattasio, Cristina, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Rossetti, Claudio, Bellelli, Giuseppe, De Nalda, Ana Lleo, Capua, Ilaria, and Valsecchi, Maria Grazia
Abstract: Background: The prognostic impact of electrolyte disorders in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is unclear. Methods: The study included all adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in four hospitals in Northern Italy between January 2020 and May 2021 with at least one serum potassium and sodium measurement performed within 3 days since admission. Primary outcome was in-hospital death; secondary outcome was Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. A cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used for investigating the association between potassium and sodium (as either categorical or continuous variables) and mortality or admission to ICU. Results: Analyses included 3,418 adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients. At multivariable analysis, both hyperkalemia (Hazard Ratio, [HR] 1.833, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.371–2.450) and sK above the median (K 5.1 vs 4.1 mmol/L: HR 1.523, 95% CI 1.295–1.798), and hypernatremia (HR 2.313, 95%CI 1.772–3.018) and sNa above the median (Na 149 vs 139 mmol/L: HR 1.442, 95% CI 1.234–1.686), were associated with in-hospital death, whereas hypokalemia and hyponatremia were not. Hyponatremia was associated with increased hazard of ICU admission (HR 1.884, 95%CI 1.389–2.556). Conclusions: Electrolyte disorders detected at hospital admission may allow early identification of COVID-19 patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Published: 2023

41. The conundrum of the complex relationship between acute kidney injury and cardiac arrhythmias

Author: Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Burlacu, A, Covic, A, Combe, C, Mitra, S, Basile, C, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Burlacu, Alexandru, Covic, Adrian, Combe, Christian, Mitra, Sandip, Basile, Carlo, Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Burlacu, A, Covic, A, Combe, C, Mitra, S, Basile, C, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Burlacu, Alexandru, Covic, Adrian, Combe, Christian, Mitra, Sandip, and Basile, Carlo
Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid increase in serum creatinine levels, reduced urine output or both. Death may occur in 16-49% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe AKI. Complex arrhythmias are a potentially serious complication in AKI patients with pre-existing or AKI-induced heart damage and myocardial dysfunction, with fluid overload, especially electrolyte and acid-base disorders, representing the pathogenetic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac arrhythmias, in turn, increase the risk of poor renal outcomes, including AKI. Arrhythmic risk in AKI patients receiving kidney replacement treatment may be reduced by modifying dialysis/replacement fluid composition. The most common arrhythmia observed in AKI patients is atrial fibrillation. Severe hyperkalaemia, sometimes combined with hypocalcaemia, causes severe bradyarrhythmias in this clinical setting. Although the likelihood of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias is reportedly low, the combination of cardiac ischaemia and specific electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities may increase this risk, particularly in AKI patients who require kidney replacement treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological, pathophysiological and prognostic evidence aiming to clarify the complex relationships between AKI and cardiac arrhythmias.
Published: 2023

42. Electrolytes and COVID-19: challenges and caveats in clinical research studies

Author: Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, Valsecchi, MariaGrazia, Genovesi, S, Regolisti, G, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, Simonetta, Regolisti, Giuseppe, and Valsecchi, MariaGrazia
Published: 2023

43. Incident Atrial Fibrillation and In-Hospital Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients

Author: Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Biolcati, M, Gualini, E, Rizzi, J, Algeri, M, Giani, V, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Beltrame, A, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Biolcati, Marco, Gualini, Elena, Rizzi, Jacopo Giulio, Algeri, Michela, Giani, Valentina, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Molon, Giulio, Beltrame, Anna, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Genovesi, Simonetta, Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Biolcati, M, Gualini, E, Rizzi, J, Algeri, M, Giani, V, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Beltrame, A, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Biolcati, Marco, Gualini, Elena, Rizzi, Jacopo Giulio, Algeri, Michela, Giani, Valentina, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Molon, Giulio, Beltrame, Anna, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, and Genovesi, Simonetta
Abstract: Background: Among the different cardiovascular (CV) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) in particular have recently received special attention. The aims of our study were to estimate the incidence of AF in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and to evaluate its role as a possible predictor of in-hospital all-cause mortality. (2) Methods: We enrolled 3435 people with SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to three hospitals in Northern Italy from February 2020 to May 2021. We collected data on their clinical history, laboratory tests, pharmacological treatment and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Incident AF and all-cause in-hospital mortality were considered as outcomes. (3) Results: 145 (4.2%) patients developed AF during hospitalization, with a median time since admission of 3 days (I-III quartile: 0, 12). Patients with incident AF were admitted more frequently to the ICU (39.3 vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001), and more frequently died (37.2 vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001). In the Cox regression model, the significant determinants of incident AF were age (HR: 1.041; 95% CI: 1.022, 1.060 per year), a history of AF (HR: 2.720; 95% CI: 1.508, 4.907), lymphocyte count (HR: 0.584; 95% CI: 0.384, 0.888 per 103/µL), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, HR: 0.988; 95% CI: 0.980, 0.996 per mL/min) and ICU admission (HR: 5.311; 95% CI: 3.397, 8.302). Incident AF was a predictor of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.405; 95% CI: 1.027, 1.992) along with age (HR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.047, 1.067), male gender (HR: 1.315; 95% CI: 1.064; 1.626), dementia (HR: 1.373; 95% CI: 1.045, 1.803), lower platelet (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.996, 0.998 per 103/µL) and lymphocyte counts (HR: 0.843; 95% CI: 0.725, 0.982 per 103/µL), C-Reactive protein values (HR: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.005 per mg/L), eGFR (HR: 0.990; 95% CI: 0.986, 0.994 per mL/min), and ICU admission (HR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.292, 2.395). (4) Conclusions: Incident AF is a common complication in C
Published: 2022

44. Incident Atrial Fibrillation and In-Hospital Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients

Author: Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Biolcati, M, Gualini, E, Rizzi, J, Algeri, M, Giani, V, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Beltrame, A, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Biolcati, Marco, Gualini, Elena, Rizzi, Jacopo Giulio, Algeri, Michela, Giani, Valentina, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Molon, Giulio, Beltrame, Anna, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Genovesi, Simonetta, Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Biolcati, M, Gualini, E, Rizzi, J, Algeri, M, Giani, V, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Beltrame, A, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Biolcati, Marco, Gualini, Elena, Rizzi, Jacopo Giulio, Algeri, Michela, Giani, Valentina, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar Massimiliano, Molon, Giulio, Beltrame, Anna, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, and Genovesi, Simonetta
Abstract: (1) Background: Among the different cardiovascular (CV) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) in particular have recently received special attention. The aims of our study were to estimate the incidence of AF in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and to evaluate its role as a possible predictor of in-hospital all-cause mortality. (2) Methods: We enrolled 3435 people with SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to three hospitals in Northern Italy from February 2020 to May 2021. We collected data on their clinical history, laboratory tests, pharmacological treatment and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Incident AF and all-cause in-hospital mortality were considered as outcomes. (3) Results: 145 (4.2%) patients developed AF during hospitalization, with a median time since admission of 3 days (I-III quartile: 0, 12). Patients with incident AF were admitted more frequently to the ICU (39.3 vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001), and more frequently died (37.2 vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001). In the Cox regression model, the significant determinants of incident AF were age (HR: 1.041; 95% CI: 1.022, 1.060 per year), a history of AF (HR: 2.720; 95% CI: 1.508, 4.907), lymphocyte count (HR: 0.584; 95% CI: 0.384, 0.888 per 103/µL), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, HR: 0.988; 95% CI: 0.980, 0.996 per mL/min) and ICU admission (HR: 5.311; 95% CI: 3.397, 8.302). Incident AF was a predictor of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.405; 95% CI: 1.027, 1.992) along with age (HR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.047, 1.067), male gender (HR: 1.315; 95% CI: 1.064; 1.626), dementia (HR: 1.373; 95% CI: 1.045, 1.803), lower platelet (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.996, 0.998 per 103/µL) and lymphocyte counts (HR: 0.843; 95% CI: 0.725, 0.982 per 103/µL), C-Reactive protein values (HR: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.005 per mg/L), eGFR (HR: 0.990; 95% CI: 0.986, 0.994 per mL/min), and ICU admission (HR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.292, 2.395). (4) Conclusions: Incident AF is a common complication
Published: 2022

45. The Role of Registers in Increasing Knowledge and Improving Management of Children and Adolescents Affected by Familial Hypercholesterolemia: the LIPIGEN Pediatric Group

Author: Gazzotti, M, Casula, M, Bertolini, S, Capra, M, Olmastroni, E, Catapano, A, Pederiva, C, Allevi, M, Arca, M, Auricchio, R, Averna, M, Baldera, D, Banderali, G, Bartuli, A, Biasucci, G, Borghi, C, Bruzzi, P, Buganza, R, Buonuomo, P, Calabro, P, Calandra, S, Carubbi, F, Cesaro, A, Cipollone, F, Citroni, N, Covetti, G, Cremonini, A, D'Addato, S, Ben, M, Di Taranto, M, Fortunato, G, Franceschi, R, Galimberti, F, Genovesi, S, Giammanco, A, Grigore, L, Guardamagna, O, Iannuzzi, A, Iannuzzo, G, Lascala, L, Locatelli, F, Iughetti, L, Madaghiele, S, Mandraffino, G, Mannarino, M, Marco, B, Maroni, L, Minicocci, I, Mombelli, G, Muntoni, S, Nascimbeni, F, Parati, G, Passaro, A, Pavanello, C, Pellegatta, F, Perla, F, Generale, M, Pirro, M, Pisciotta, L, Pujia, A, Purrello, F, Rinaldi, E, Sarzani, R, Scicali, R, Suppressa, P, Tarugi, P, Verachtert, S, Vigna, G, Werba, J, Zambon, A, Zambon, S, Zenti, M, Gazzotti M., Casula M., Bertolini S., Capra M. E., Olmastroni E., Catapano A. L., Pederiva C., Allevi M., Arca M., Auricchio R., Averna M., Baldera D., Banderali G., Bartuli A., Biasucci G., Borghi C., Bruzzi P., Buganza R., Buonuomo P. S., Calabro P., Calandra S., Carubbi F., Cesaro A., Cipollone F., Citroni N., Covetti G., Cremonini A., D'Addato S., Ben M. D., Di Taranto M. D., Fortunato G., Franceschi R., Galimberti F., Genovesi S., Giammanco A., Grigore L., Guardamagna O., Iannuzzi A., Iannuzzo G., Lascala L., Locatelli F., Iughetti L., Madaghiele S., Mandraffino G., Mannarino M. R., Marco B., Maroni L., Minicocci I., Mombelli G., Muntoni S., Nascimbeni F., Parati G., Passaro A., Pavanello C., Pellegatta F., Perla F. M., Generale M., Pirro M., Pisciotta L., Pujia A., Purrello F., Rinaldi E., Sarzani R., Scicali R., Suppressa P., Tarugi P., Verachtert S., Vigna G. B., Werba J. P., Zambon A., Zambon S., Zenti M. G., Gazzotti, M, Casula, M, Bertolini, S, Capra, M, Olmastroni, E, Catapano, A, Pederiva, C, Allevi, M, Arca, M, Auricchio, R, Averna, M, Baldera, D, Banderali, G, Bartuli, A, Biasucci, G, Borghi, C, Bruzzi, P, Buganza, R, Buonuomo, P, Calabro, P, Calandra, S, Carubbi, F, Cesaro, A, Cipollone, F, Citroni, N, Covetti, G, Cremonini, A, D'Addato, S, Ben, M, Di Taranto, M, Fortunato, G, Franceschi, R, Galimberti, F, Genovesi, S, Giammanco, A, Grigore, L, Guardamagna, O, Iannuzzi, A, Iannuzzo, G, Lascala, L, Locatelli, F, Iughetti, L, Madaghiele, S, Mandraffino, G, Mannarino, M, Marco, B, Maroni, L, Minicocci, I, Mombelli, G, Muntoni, S, Nascimbeni, F, Parati, G, Passaro, A, Pavanello, C, Pellegatta, F, Perla, F, Generale, M, Pirro, M, Pisciotta, L, Pujia, A, Purrello, F, Rinaldi, E, Sarzani, R, Scicali, R, Suppressa, P, Tarugi, P, Verachtert, S, Vigna, G, Werba, J, Zambon, A, Zambon, S, Zenti, M, Gazzotti M., Casula M., Bertolini S., Capra M. E., Olmastroni E., Catapano A. L., Pederiva C., Allevi M., Arca M., Auricchio R., Averna M., Baldera D., Banderali G., Bartuli A., Biasucci G., Borghi C., Bruzzi P., Buganza R., Buonuomo P. S., Calabro P., Calandra S., Carubbi F., Cesaro A., Cipollone F., Citroni N., Covetti G., Cremonini A., D'Addato S., Ben M. D., Di Taranto M. D., Fortunato G., Franceschi R., Galimberti F., Genovesi S., Giammanco A., Grigore L., Guardamagna O., Iannuzzi A., Iannuzzo G., Lascala L., Locatelli F., Iughetti L., Madaghiele S., Mandraffino G., Mannarino M. R., Marco B., Maroni L., Minicocci I., Mombelli G., Muntoni S., Nascimbeni F., Parati G., Passaro A., Pavanello C., Pellegatta F., Perla F. M., Generale M., Pirro M., Pisciotta L., Pujia A., Purrello F., Rinaldi E., Sarzani R., Scicali R., Suppressa P., Tarugi P., Verachtert S., Vigna G. B., Werba J. P., Zambon A., Zambon S., and Zenti M. G.
Abstract: Pathology registers can be a useful tool to overcome obstacles in the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolemia since childhood. In 2018, the LIPIGEN pediatric group was constituted within the Italian LIPIGEN study to focus on FH subjects under 18 years. This work aimed at discussing its recent progress and early outcomes. Demographic, biochemical, and genetic baseline characteristics were collected, with an in-depth analysis of the genetic defects. The analysis was carried out on 1,602 children and adolescents (mean age at baseline 9.9 ± 4.0 years), and almost the whole cohort underwent the genetic test (93.3%). Overall, the untreated mean value of LDL-C was 220.0 ± 97.2 mg/dl, with an increasing gradient from subjects with a negative (N = 317; mean untreated LDL-C = 159.9 ± 47.7 mg/dl), inconclusive (N = 125; mean untreated LDL-C = 166.4 ± 56.5 mg/dl), or positive (N = 1,053; mean untreated LDL-C = 246.5 ± 102.1 mg/dl) genetic diagnosis of FH. In the latter group, the LDL-C values presented a great variability based on the number and the biological impact of involved causative variants. The LIPIGEN pediatric group represents one of the largest cohorts of children with FH, allowing the deepening of the characterization of their baseline and genetic features, providing the basis for further longitudinal investigations for complete details.
Published: 2022

46. Association of obesity phenotypes with left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy in children and adolescents

Author: Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Orlando, A, Montemerlo, M, Antolini, L, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Tassistro E., Giussani M., Lieti G., Patti I., Orlando A., Montemerlo M., Antolini L., Parati G., Genovesi, S, Tassistro, E, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Orlando, A, Montemerlo, M, Antolini, L, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Tassistro E., Giussani M., Lieti G., Patti I., Orlando A., Montemerlo M., Antolini L., and Parati G.
Abstract: It has been argued that metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether, in a population of obese children/adolescents, the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype is associated with higher left ventricular mass index and/or higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy than the MHO phenotype. We also tested whether the addition of an insulin resistance index (HOMA-index >90th percentile by sex and age) and the presence of hyperuricemia (serum uric acid >90th percentile by sex and age) to the definition of MUO better identified obese children with early cardiac damage. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as the presence of left ventricular mass index greater than or equal to the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile. The study population included 459 obese children (males 53.2%, mean age 10.6 [standard deviation, 2.6] years), of whom 268 (58.4%) were MUO. The left ventricular mass index was higher in MUO children than in MHO children (37.8 vs 36.3 g/m2.7, p=0.015), whereas the percentage of MUO children presenting left ventricular hypertrophy was only slightly higher in MUO children (31.1 vs 40%, p=0.06). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the variables significantly associated with higher left ventricular mass index were male gender (p<0.01), Body Mass Index z-score (p<0.001) and Waist-to-Height-ratio (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy was only significantly associated with higher Body Mass Index z-score (p<0.05) and Waist-to-Height-ratio (p<0.05). In spite of the higher left ventricular mass index of MUO as compared to MHO children, the MUO phenotype was not a significant predictor of either higher left ventricular mass index or higher left ventricular hypertrophy prevalence. The MUO phenotype had a low predictive ability on the presence of left ventricular h
Published: 2022

47. Atrial Fibrillation Incidence in SARS-COV-2 Infected Patients: Predictors and Relationship with in-Hospital Mortality

Author: Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Rizzo, J, Fabbri, S, Leidi, F, Cartella, I, Algeri, M, Scarpellini, S, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Rizzo, Jacopo, Fabbri, Saverio, Leidi, Filippo, Cartella, Iside, Algeri, Michela, Scarpellini, Sara, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar, Molon, Giulio, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Genovesi, Simonetta, Maloberti, A, Giannattasio, C, Rebora, P, Occhino, G, Ughi, N, Rizzo, J, Fabbri, S, Leidi, F, Cartella, I, Algeri, M, Scarpellini, S, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, Molon, G, Bonfanti, P, Valsecchi, M, Genovesi, S, Maloberti, Alessandro, Giannattasio, Cristina, Rebora, Paola, Occhino, Giuseppe, Ughi, Nicola, Rizzo, Jacopo, Fabbri, Saverio, Leidi, Filippo, Cartella, Iside, Algeri, Michela, Scarpellini, Sara, Rossetti, Claudio, Epis, Oscar, Molon, Giulio, Bonfanti, Paolo, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, and Genovesi, Simonetta
Abstract: Among the different CardioVascular (CV) manifestation of the COronaVIrus-related Disease (COVID) particular attention has been paid to arrhythmia and particularly to Atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of AF episodes in patients ospitalisat for COVID and to evaluate its predictors and its relationship with in-hospital all-cause mortality.
Published: 2022

48. Hypertension in children and adolescents

Author: de Simone, G, Mancusi, C, Hanssen, H, Genovesi, S, Lurbe, E, Parati, G, Sendzikaite, S, Valerio, G, Di Bonito, P, Di Salvo, G, Ferrini, M, Leeson, P, Moons, P, Weismann, C, Williams, B, de Simone, Giovanni, Mancusi, Costantino, Hanssen, Henner, Genovesi, Simonetta, Lurbe, Empar, Parati, Gianfranco, Sendzikaite, Skaiste, Valerio, Giuliana, Di Bonito, Procolo, Di Salvo, Giovanni, Ferrini, Marc, Leeson, Paul, Moons, Philip, Weismann, Constance G, Williams, Bryan, de Simone, G, Mancusi, C, Hanssen, H, Genovesi, S, Lurbe, E, Parati, G, Sendzikaite, S, Valerio, G, Di Bonito, P, Di Salvo, G, Ferrini, M, Leeson, P, Moons, P, Weismann, C, Williams, B, de Simone, Giovanni, Mancusi, Costantino, Hanssen, Henner, Genovesi, Simonetta, Lurbe, Empar, Parati, Gianfranco, Sendzikaite, Skaiste, Valerio, Giuliana, Di Bonito, Procolo, Di Salvo, Giovanni, Ferrini, Marc, Leeson, Paul, Moons, Philip, Weismann, Constance G, and Williams, Bryan
Abstract: Definition and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are uncertain, due to different positions of current guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology task-force, constituted by Associations and Councils with interest in arterial hypertension, has reviewed current literature and evidence, to produce a Consensus Document focused on aspects of hypertension in the age range of 6-16 years, including definition, methods of measurement of blood pressure, clinical evaluation, assessment of hypertension-mediated target organ damage, evaluation of possible vascular, renal and hormonal causes, assessment and management of concomitant risk factors with specific attention for obesity, and anti-hypertensive strategies, especially focused on life-style modifications. The Consensus Panel also suggests aspects that should be studied with high priority, including generation of multi-ethnic sex, age and height specific European normative tables, implementation of randomized clinical trials on different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and long-term cohort studies to link with adult cardiovascular risk. Finally, suggestions for the successful implementation of the contents of the present Consensus document are also given.
Published: 2022

49. Uric acid and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents: Role of insulin resistance and blood pressure

Author: Genovesi, S, Montelisciani, L, Viazzi, F, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Orlando, A, Antolini, L, Salvi, P, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Montelisciani L., Viazzi F., Giussani M., Lieti G., Patti I., Orlando A., Antolini L., Salvi P., Parati G., Genovesi, S, Montelisciani, L, Viazzi, F, Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Patti, I, Orlando, A, Antolini, L, Salvi, P, Parati, G, Genovesi S., Montelisciani L., Viazzi F., Giussani M., Lieti G., Patti I., Orlando A., Antolini L., Salvi P., and Parati G.
Abstract: Several studies describe the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and arterial stiffness in adults. Uric acid contributes through several mechanisms to the increase in blood pressure (BP) and adversely affects the insulin signaling pathway. Moreover, SUA predict the development of hypertension and insulin resistance up to type 2 diabetes. Early arterial stiffening, estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), may already be present in pediatric age. Aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between SUA and PWV in a pediatric population and its interaction with insulin resistance and BP. In 322 children and adolescents (56.2% male, mean age 11.3 [SD 2.8] years), we measured weight, height, waist circumference, BP and PWV. We also assayed SUA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and calculated HOMA-index as a marker of insulin resistance. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess variables associated with PWV. Mediation models were applied to identify the direct and indirect effects of individual variables on PWV. On univariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), waist circumference-to-height ratio (p = 0.036), systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) z-score (p < 0.001), heart rate (p = 0.028), SUA (p = 0.002), HOMA-index (p < 0.001), and eGFR (p = 0.014) were significantly associated with PWV. The multiple regression model showed that only age (p = 0.028), SBP z-score (p = 0.006), and heart rate (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PWV. The results were superimposable when the DBP z-score replaced the SBP z-score in the model. Mediation models showed that the effect of eGFR on PWV was fully mediated by SUA (p = 0.015) and that the effect of SUA on PWV was totally mediated by HOMA-index (p < 0.001). Both SUA (p < 0.01) and HOMA-index (p < 0.01) had a significant association with higher SBP (DBP) z-scores. The double mediation model including both BP and HOMA-index showed that the SUA effec
Published: 2022

50. Fructose Intake, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Aspects. A Narrative Review

Author: Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Parati, G, Genovesi, S, Giussani M., Lieti G., Orlando A., Parati G., Genovesi S., Giussani, M, Lieti, G, Orlando, A, Parati, G, Genovesi, S, Giussani M., Lieti G., Orlando A., Parati G., and Genovesi S.
Abstract: Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and fatty liver, either alone or in association, are frequently observed in obese children and may seriously jeopardize their health. For obesity to develop, an excessive intake of energy-bearing macronutrients is required; however, ample evidence suggests that fructose may promote the development of obesity and/or metabolic alterations, independently of its energy intake. Fructose consumption is particularly high among children, because they do not have the perception, and more importantly, neither do their parents, that high fructose intake is potentially dangerous. In fact, while this sugar is erroneously viewed favorably as a natural nutrient, its excessive intake can actually cause adverse cardio-metabolic alterations. Fructose induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the production of anti-atherosclerotic cytokines, such as adiponectin. Furthermore, by interacting with hunger and satiety control systems, particularly by inducing leptin resistance, it leads to increased caloric intake. Fructose, directly or through its metabolites, promotes the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and fatty liver. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the early and excessive consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors in children, thus representing a potential danger to their health. It will also describe the main clinical trials performed in children and adolescents that have evaluated the clinical effects of excessive intake of fructose-containing drinks and food, with particular attention to the effects on blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss the effectiveness of measures that can be taken to reduce the intake of this sugar.
Published: 2022

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