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The concept of a color-kinematics duality is an important driving force in advancing the modern understanding of scattering amplitudes, in both field theory and string theory. Yet, open questions remain that motivate the need for a deeper understanding of the duality. A central open question is: do the kinematic numerators admit a Lie-algebraic origin, just like the corresponding color factors? The answer may be intimately related to a detailed understanding of the duality at the level of the Lagrangian. For pure Yang-Mills theory, a cubic Lagrangian which directly computes color-dual numerators is not yet known. In this thesis, we make progress in this direction by constructing a cubic Lagrangian in terms of the ordinary gauge field and a set of auxiliary fields. The contributions to the numerators are split into independent sectors specified by the number of contractions between polarization vectors. We find a novel Lagrangian with a finite number of fields and interactions that computes color-dual Yang-Mills numerators to any multiplicity, valid for sectors with up to two polarization contractions. In the context of string theory, insights from the color-kinematics duality have revealed interesting relations between string and field theory amplitudes. The sector of open bosonic string amplitudes where transcendental numbers are absent is known to be described by a higher-derivative field theory. The spectrum of this theory includes a massless gauge field and extra massive modes: by integrating the latter out from the Lagrangian, we obtain an expansion in the inverse string tension, which is a low-energy effective description of the dynamics of the massless modes of the bosonic string. This thesis develops the general method and explicitly writes down the operators entering the effective Lagrangian through fourth order in the inverse string tension.

We describe a method to extract an effective Lagrangian description for open bosonic strings, at zero transcendentality. The method relies on a particular formulation of its scattering amplitudes derived from color-kinematics duality. More precisely, starting from a $(DF)^2 + \text{YM}$ quantum field theory, we integrate out all the massive degrees of freedom to generate an expansion in the inverse string tension $\alpha^\prime$. We explicitly compute the Lagrangian terms through $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^{\prime 4})$, and target the sector of operators proportional to $F^4$ to all orders in $\alpha^\prime$., Comment: 27 pages

The concept of a color-kinematics duality is an important driving force in advancing the modern understanding of scattering amplitudes, in both field theory and string theory. Yet, open questions remain that motivate the need for a deeper understanding of the duality. A central open question is: do the kinematic numerators admit a Lie-algebraic origin, just like the corresponding color factors? The answer may be intimately related to a detailed understanding of the duality at the level of the Lagrangian. For pure Yang-Mills theory, a cubic Lagrangian which directly computes color-dual numerators is not yet known. In this thesis, we make progress in this direction by constructing a cubic Lagrangian in terms of the ordinary gauge field and a set of auxiliary fields. The contributions to the numerators are split into independent sectors specified by the number of contractions between polarization vectors. We find a novel Lagrangian with a finite number of fields and interactions that computes color-dual Yang-Mills numerators to any multiplicity, valid for sectors with up to two polarization contractions. In the context of string theory, insights from the color-kinematics duality have revealed interesting relations between string and field theory amplitudes. The sector of open bosonic string amplitudes where transcendental numbers are absent is known to be described by a higher-derivative field theory. The spectrum of this theory includes a massless gauge field and extra massive modes: by integrating the latter out from the Lagrangian, we obtain an expansion in the inverse string tension, which is a low-energy effective description of the dynamics of the massless modes of the bosonic string. This thesis develops the general method and explicitly writes down the operators entering the effective Lagrangian through fourth order in the inverse string tension.

The concept of a color-kinematics duality is an important driving force in advancing the modern understanding of scattering amplitudes, in both field theory and string theory. Yet, open questions remain that motivate the need for a deeper understanding of the duality. A central open question is: do the kinematic numerators admit a Lie-algebraic origin, just like the corresponding color factors? The answer may be intimately related to a detailed understanding of the duality at the level of the Lagrangian. For pure Yang-Mills theory, a cubic Lagrangian which directly computes color-dual numerators is not yet known. In this thesis, we make progress in this direction by constructing a cubic Lagrangian in terms of the ordinary gauge field and a set of auxiliary fields. The contributions to the numerators are split into independent sectors specified by the number of contractions between polarization vectors. We find a novel Lagrangian with a finite number of fields and interactions that computes color-dual Yang-Mills numerators to any multiplicity, valid for sectors with up to two polarization contractions. In the context of string theory, insights from the color-kinematics duality have revealed interesting relations between string and field theory amplitudes. The sector of open bosonic string amplitudes where transcendental numbers are absent is known to be described by a higher-derivative field theory. The spectrum of this theory includes a massless gauge field and extra massive modes: by integrating the latter out from the Lagrangian, we obtain an expansion in the inverse string tension, which is a low-energy effective description of the dynamics of the massless modes of the bosonic string. This thesis develops the general method and explicitly writes down the operators entering the effective Lagrangian through fourth order in the inverse string tension.

The concept of a color-kinematics duality is an important driving force in advancing the modern understanding of scattering amplitudes, in both field theory and string theory. Yet, open questions remain that motivate the need for a deeper understanding of the duality. A central open question is: do the kinematic numerators admit a Lie-algebraic origin, just like the corresponding color factors? The answer may be intimately related to a detailed understanding of the duality at the level of the Lagrangian. For pure Yang-Mills theory, a cubic Lagrangian which directly computes color-dual numerators is not yet known. In this thesis, we make progress in this direction by constructing a cubic Lagrangian in terms of the ordinary gauge field and a set of auxiliary fields. The contributions to the numerators are split into independent sectors specified by the number of contractions between polarization vectors. We find a novel Lagrangian with a finite number of fields and interactions that computes color-dual Yang-Mills numerators to any multiplicity, valid for sectors with up to two polarization contractions. In the context of string theory, insights from the color-kinematics duality have revealed interesting relations between string and field theory amplitudes. The sector of open bosonic string amplitudes where transcendental numbers are absent is known to be described by a higher-derivative field theory. The spectrum of this theory includes a massless gauge field and extra massive modes: by integrating the latter out from the Lagrangian, we obtain an expansion in the inverse string tension, which is a low-energy effective description of the dynamics of the massless modes of the bosonic string. This thesis develops the general method and explicitly writes down the operators entering the effective Lagrangian through fourth order in the inverse string tension.

Introduction: Freehand renal biopsy represents a valid alternative to the most widespread ultrasonography-guided technique, although some concerns can derive from the possible increased complication rate and lower adequacy rate. Objectives: In the present audit study, efficacy of freehand method have been established through the analysis of 328 consecutive renal biopsies in 322 patients, instead the safety of the procedure was assessed in 196 patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed hospital databases of all patients who underwent a percutaneous renal biopsy over an 18 years’ period at Santa Marta and Santa Venera hospital in Acireale. Results: The procedure led to a definitive diagnosis in the majority of cases (98.48%), being uninformative only in 5 out of 328 cases (1.52%). Comparing these results against a Proforma, resulting from analysis of best literature reports for the items studied, adverse event rates were similar. Conclusion: Freehand renal biopsy resulted a good option to obtain renal tissue, without serious side effects. We argue about safety and we prefer to reserve this invasive procedure to selected cases, avoiding renal biopsy if biochemical and instrumental data allow a definitive diagnosis as well as in high risk patients. Our policy protects patients from the adverse effects that can result from kidney biopsy.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

This study introduces the project called “Archives of Female Architects in 20th Century’s Sicily” which, through the collaboration of archivists and architectural historians, carries on the reorganisation and digitalisation of four female architects’ archives born in the 1930s in Sicily. The project, supported by public institutions, is promoted by the families who kept these professionals’ archives and aims to highlight the characteristics and specificities of their activity that remained in the shadow in a mendominated context.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

Contains fulltext : 294352.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Deleterious variants in N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) cause skeletal myopathy and cardiac edema in humans and zebrafish, but its physiological role remains unknown. We report generation of mouse models of the disease: Npl(R63C), carrying the human p.Arg63Cys variant, and Npl(del116) with a 116-bp exonic deletion. In both strains, NPL deficiency causes drastic increase in free sialic acid levels, reduction of skeletal muscle force and endurance, slower healing and smaller size of newly formed myofibers after cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury, increased glycolysis, partially impaired mitochondrial function, and aberrant sialylation of dystroglycan and mitochondrial LRP130 protein. NPL-catalyzed degradation of sialic acid in the muscle increases after fasting and injury and in human patient and mouse models with genetic muscle dystrophy, demonstrating that NPL is essential for muscle function and regeneration and serves as a general marker of muscle damage. Oral administration of N-acetylmannosamine rescues skeletal myopathy, as well as mitochondrial and structural abnormalities in Npl(R63C) mice, suggesting a potential treatment for human patients.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions., QC 20230913

The observation of energetic astronomical sources emitting very high-energy gamma-rays in the TeV spectral range (as e.g. supernova remnants or blazars) is mainly based on detecting the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic particles in the showers produced by the photon interaction with the Earth atmosphere. The ASTRI Mini-Array is an INAF-led project aimed observing such celestial objects in the 1 - 100 TeV energy range. It consists of an array of nine innovative imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes that are an evolution of the dual-mirror aplanatic ASTRI-Horn telescope operating at the INAF "M.C. Fracastoro" observing station (Serra La Nave, Mount Etna, Italy). The ASTRI Mini-Array is currently under construction at the Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Spain). In this paper, we present the compact (diameter 660mm, height 520mm, weight 73kg) ASTRI-Horn prototype Cherenkov Camera based on a modular multipixel Silicon Photon Multiplier (SiPM) detector, has been acquiring data since 2016 and allowing us to obtain both scientific data and essential lessons. In this contribution, we report the main features of the camera and its evolution toward the new Cherenkov camera, which will be installed on each ASTRI Mini-Array telescope to cover an unprecedented field of view of 10.5{\deg}., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector (RTSD) Conference in press by IEEE Xplore

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a progressive form of kidney disease defined by glomerular deposition of IgA. Here we performed a genome-wide association study of 10,146 kidney-biopsy-diagnosed IgAN cases and 28,751 controls across 17 international cohorts. We defined 30 genome-wide significant risk loci explaining 11% of disease risk. A total of 16 loci were new, including TNFSF4/TNFSF18, REL, CD28, PF4V1, LY86, LYN, ANXA3, TNFSF8/TNFSF15, REEP3, ZMIZ1, OVOL1/RELA, ETS1, IGH, IRF8, TNFRSF13B and FCAR. The risk loci were enriched in gene orthologs causing abnormal IgA levels when genetically manipulated in mice. We also observed a positive genetic correlation between IgAN and serum IgA levels. High polygenic score for IgAN was associated with earlier onset of kidney failure. In a comprehensive functional annotation analysis of candidate causal genes, we observed convergence of biological candidates on a common set of inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine ligand–receptor pairs, prioritizing potential new drug targets.

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2, 1, 0-forms) — surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions.

Seiberg-like dualities in 2 + 1d quiver gauge theories with 4 supercharges are investigated. We consider quivers made of various combinations of classical gauge groups U(N), Sp(N), SO(N) and SU(N). Our main focus is the mapping of the supersymmetric monopole operators across the dual theories. There is a simple general rule that encodes the mapping of the monopoles upon dualizing a single node. This rule dictates the mapping of all the monopoles which are not dressed by baryonic operators. We also study more general situations involving baryons and baryon-monopoles, focussing on three examples: SU − Sp, SO − SO and SO − Sp quivers.

We consider 3dN = 2 gauge theories with fundamental matter plus a single field in a rank-2 representation. Using iteratively a process of “deconfinement” of the rank-2 field, we produce a sequence of Seiberg-dual quiver theories. We detail this process in two examples with zero superpotential: Usp(2N) gauge theory with an antisymmetric field and U(N) gauge theory with an adjoint field. The fully deconfined dual quiver has N nodes, and can be interpreted as an Aharony dual of theories with rank-2 matter. All chiral ring generators of the original theory are mapped into gauge singlet fields of the fully deconfined quiver dual.

Lo scopo principale della tesi è lo studio di teorie tridimensionali di gauge supersimmetriche la tua natura è legata all’esistenza di muri di S-dualità per teorie in quattro dimensioni, in particolare per N=4 Super-Yang-Mills e per la teoria N=2 SU(N) con 2N sapori. Nel primo caso, un S-fold è definito come una soluzione AdS4 della teoria di stringa di tipo IIB in cui i campi vengono “incollati” usando elementi del gruppo di S-dualità SL(2, Z) di N=4 Super-Yang-Mills. L’inserimento di tale oggetto nel sistema di brane che realizza teorie tridimensionali che preservano otto supercariche da origine alle teorie di S-fold. La peculiarità di tale teorie è la presenza della teoria T(U(N)) tra gli oggetti di base, oltre ai più noti multipletti vettoriali e iper-multipletti. Lo spazio dei moduli delle teorie di S-fold è analizzato nel dettaglio, inclusi i casi in cui livelli di Chern-Simons sono presenti. L’intera analisi getta nuova luce sulla dinamica delle brane in presenza di S-fold. Tutta la costruzione viene poi generalizzata tramite l’inclusione di orientifold tre-piani nel sistema di brane. Una conseguenza immediata è che la teoria T(U(N)) viene sostituita dalla più generale teoria T(G), dove G è auto-duale sotto l’azione di S-dualità. In particolare vengono analizzati i casi G=SO(2N), USp’(2N) e G_2, dove per questo ultimo caso non esiste una costruzione di brane nota. Viene proposto come inserire un S-fold in tali sistemi di brane con orientifold tre-piani e vengono poi studiati gli spazi dei moduli delle teorie così realizzate; i risultati ottenuti sono verificati tramite consistenza con la simmetria di specchio. Inoltre, vengono studiate le teorie di S-fold tramite il calcolo dei loro indici supersimmetrici, che vengono usati per analizzare fenomeni di aumento di simmetrie globali e supersimmetria. Infine, viene discussa una classe di teorie 3d N=2 associate ai muri di S-dualità per la teoria N=2 SU(N) con 2N sapori. Vengono costruite teorie corr, The thesis focuses on the study of various three-dimensional gauge theories whose nature is related to the existence of S-duality walls in four dimensional theories, mainly in the cases of N=4 Super-Yang-Mills theory and for the N=2 SU(N) theory with 2N fundamental flavours. In the former set-up, an S-fold is defined as an AdS4 Type IIB String Theory solution in which fields in overlapping patches are glued together using elements of the SL(2, Z) S-duality group of N=4 SYM. The insertion of this object in the brane systems realising three dimensional theories with eight supercharges gives rise to the S-fold theory. The peculiarity of this class of theory is the presence of T(U(N)) as a basic building block, in addition to the usual vector multiplets and hypermultiplets. The moduli spaces of S-fold theories are studied in detail, including cases with non-trivial Chern-Simons levels. The whole analysis shed new light on the brane dynamics in the presence of an S-fold. The entire construction is then generalised to the inclusion, on the brane systems, of orientifold three planes. As a consequence the basic block T(U(N)) is replaced by the more general T(G) theory, G being self-dual under S-duality. In particular, the cases with G=SO(2N), USp'(2N) and G_2 are analysed in great detail, where in this last there is no known brane construction, to the best of our knowledge. We propose how to insert an S-fold in the brane systems with orientifold planes, study the moduli spaces of the realised gauge theories and test the results against mirror symmetry. We further study various S-fold theories by computing their supersymmetric index, that is used as a tool to study global and supersymmetry IR enhancements, one of the most intriguing phenomena in quantum field theory. Finally, we discuss a class of 3d N=2 theories that are associated with S-duality domain walls in 4d SU(N) with 2N flavours. Theories associated with various configurations of duality walls are analysed performi

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: In this phase 3, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point, parallel, multicenter trial, we recruited patients on maintenance hemodialysis with hypertension and/or left ventricular hypertrophy from 28 Italian centers. Between July 2009 and February 2014, 140 participants were randomized to ramipril (1.25-10 mg/d) and 129 participants were allocated to non-RAS inhibition therapy, both titrated up to the maximally tolerated dose to achieve predefined target BP values. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included the single components of the primary end point, new-onset or recurrence of atrial fibrillation, hospitalizations for symptomatic fluid overload, thrombosis or stenosis of the arteriovenous fistula, and changes in cardiac mass index. All outcomes were evaluated up to 42 months after randomization. RESULTS: At comparable BP control, 23 participants on ramipril (16%) and 24 on non-RAS inhibitor therapy (19%) reached the primary composite end point (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.64; P=0.80). Ramipril reduced cardiac mass index at 1 year of follow-up (between-group difference in change from baseline: -16.3 g/m2; 95% confidence interval, -29.4 to -3.1), but did not significantly affect the other secondary outcomes. Hypotensive episodes were more frequent in participants allocated to ramipril than controls (41% versus 12%). Twenty participants on ramipril and nine controls developed cancer, including six gastrointestinal malignancies on ramipril (four were fatal), compared with none in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Ramipril di

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in terms of conventional Feynman rules, or from a Lagrangian formalism. In this work, we present explicit Lagrangians whose Feynman rules generate duality-satisfying tree-level BCJ numerators, to any multiplicity in the next-to-MHV sector of pure Yang Mills theory. Our Lagrangians make use of at most three pairs of auxiliary fields (2,1,0-forms) -- surprisingly few compared to previous attempts of Lagrangians at low multiplicities. To restrict the Lagrangian freedom it is necessary to make several non-trivial assumptions regarding field content, kinetic terms, and interactions, which we discuss in some detail. Future progress likely hinges on relaxing these assumptions., Comment: 26 pages + refs; v2: published version

A drawing attached to a document, dates back to 1838 kept in the Syracuse State Archives, shows the project for a space located next to the church of the Badia di Santa Lucia. A neo-greek style construction, called “parlatoio” is characterized by a cylindrical space covered with a coffered dome supported by fluted doric columns. The drawing is signed by the engineer Ignazio Giarrusso, known as a bridge designer, which here however deals with the construction of the dome. The choice of adopting a neoclassical language in a late phase was rare in this area of Sicily; here these choices belong to secondary professionals and this, compared to what happens in Palermo, represents an interesting topic of study.

The ASTRI Mini-Array (MA) is an INAF project to build and operate a facility to study astronomical sources emitting at very high-energy in the TeV spectral band. The ASTRI MA consists of a group of nine innovative Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The telescopes will be installed at the Teide Astronomical Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) on the basis of a host agreement with INAF. Thanks to its expected overall performance, better than those of current Cherenkov telescopes' arrays for energies above \sim 5 TeV and up to 100 TeV and beyond, the ASTRI MA will represent an important instrument to perform deep observations of the Galactic and extra-Galactic sky at these energies., Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures

Gauge theories in four dimensions can exhibit interesting low energy phenomena, such as infrared enhancements of global symmetry. We explore a class of 4d N = 1 gauge theories arising from a construction that is motivated by duality walls in 5d gauge theories. Their quiver descriptions bear a resemblance to 4d theories obtained by compactifying 6d N = (1, 0) superconformal field theories on a torus with fluxes, but with lower number of flavours and different number of gauge singlets and superpotentials. One of the main features of these theories is that they exhibit a flavour symmetry enhancement, and with supersymmetry enhancement for certain models, in the infrared. Properties of the superconformal fixed points of such theories are investigated in detail.

Gauge theories in four dimensions can exhibit interesting low energy phenomena, such as infrared enhancements of global symmetry. We explore a class of 4d N = 1 gauge theories arising from a construction that is motivated by duality walls in 5d gauge theories. Their quiver descriptions bear a resemblance to 4d theories obtained by compactifying 6d N = (1, 0) superconformal field theories on a torus with fluxes, but with lower number of flavours and different number of gauge singlets and superpotentials. One of the main features of these theories is that they exhibit a flavour symmetry enhancement, and with supersymmetry enhancement for certain models, in the infrared. Properties of the superconformal fixed points of such theories are investigated in detail.

We obtain the brane setup describing 3d N=2 dualities for USp(2Nc) and U(Nc) SQCD with monopole superpotentials. This classification follows from a complete analysis of affine and twisted affine compactifications from 4d. The analysis leads to a new duality for the unitary case that has previously been overlooked in the literature. We check this by matching the three-sphere partition function of the two sides of this new duality and find a perfect agreement. Furthermore, we use the partition function to predict new 3d N=2 dualities for SQCD with monopole superpotentials and tensorial matter.

Enhancement of global symmetry and supersymmetry in the infrared is one of the most intriguing phenomena in quantum field theory. We investigate such phenomena in a large class of three dimensional superconformal field theories, known as the S-fold SCFTs. Supersymmetric indices are computed for a number of theories containing small rank gauge groups. It is found that indices of several models exhibit enhancement of supersymmetry at the superconformal fixed point in the infrared. Dualities between S-fold theories that have different quiver descriptions are also analysed. We explore a new class of theories with a discrete global symmetry, whose gauge symmetry in the quiver has a different global structure from those that have been studied earlier

Montane vegetation is traditionally known to be particularly sensitive to climate changes. The strong elevational climatic gradient that characterizes mountain areas results in a steep ecological slope, with several ecotones occurring in a small area. Modern pollen deposition is significantly predicted by both vegetation cover and pollen production; in turn, each predictor is significantly predicted by elevation and climate. Analyses of modern pollen deposition are essential to calibrate fossil pollen sequences accounting for site topography and depositional process, and thus for pollen-based palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate reconstructions. This study analyzes the relationships among modern pollen assemblages, vegetation and climate along an elevational gradient in the outer belt of the European Alps. Results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) demonstrated a general good agreement with previous studies, which identified elevation as the main gradient in the variation of modern pollen and vegetation assemblages in elevational transects. Modern pollen assemblages have been studied in pollen traps and moss samples from different vegetation communities along an elevational transect (stretching from 1240 to 2390 m asl), as well as the vegetation using the Braun-Blanquet system up to the 10 m radius scale, field vegetation surveys and aerial photographs for plant cover of the main species for larger surfaces. Moss samples are assumed to record an average of several years of pollen deposition and can be profitably used as analogues for fossil pollen assemblages; while pollen traps can be expressed as Pollen Accumulation Rates (PAR) and used as a modern reference to estimate past plant population densities. Alnus viridis, the main woody species forming dwarf forests in the oceanic-type timberline ecotone, shows a specific elevational PAR arrangement under modern climate conditions. Strong pollen producers (e.g. Pinus sylvestris/mugo, Picea, Castanea, Corylus and

Enhancement of global symmetry and supersymmetry in the infrared is one of the most intriguing phenomena in quantum field theory. We investigate such phenomena in a large class of three dimensional superconformal field theories, known as the S-fold SCFTs. Supersymmetric indices are computed for a number of theories containing small rank gauge groups. It is found that indices of several models exhibit enhancement of supersymmetry at the superconformal fixed point in the infrared. Dualities between S-fold theories that have different quiver descriptions are also analysed. We explore a new class of theories with a discrete global symmetry, whose gauge symmetry in the quiver has a different global structure from those that have been studied earlier

S-duality domain walls are extended objects in supersymmetric gauge theories with several rich physical properties. This paper focuses on 3d N = 2 gauge theories associated with S-duality walls in the 4d N = 2 SU(N) gauge theory with 2N flavours. The theories associated with multiple duality walls are constructed by gluing together a basic building block, which is the theory associated with a single duality wall. We propose the prescription for gluing many copies of such a basic building block together as well as present the prescription for self-gluing. A number of dualities between such theories are discovered and studied using the supersymmetric index. This work generalises the notion of the S-fold theory, which has been so far studied extensively in the context of duality walls in the 4d super-Yang-Mills theory, to the theory with lower amounts of supersymmetry.

Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and the disease course is characterised by the "rule of third", with one third of patients experiencing complete remission and the remaining experiencing relapses or progression of the disease. Additionally, the therapeutic approach is not standardised, leading to further heterogeneity in terms of response and outcome. In this pilot study, MALDI-MSI analysis was performed on renal biopsies (n = 13) obtained from two homogeneous groups of patients which differentially responded to the immunosuppressive treatments (Ponticelli regimen). A signal at m/z 1303 displayed the greatest discriminatory power when comparing the two groups and was observed to be of higher intensity in the glomeruli of the non-responding patients. The corresponding tryptic peptide was identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Despite much effort being made in recent years to understand the pathogenesis of MN, a biomarker able to predict the outcome of these patients following therapeutic treatment is still lacking. Here, we highlight a protein (MIF), verified by immunohistochemistry, which can differentiate between these MN patients and could be a valuable starting point for a further study focused on verifying its predictive role in therapy response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would ma, [ES] Este artículo aborda el reto de reconstruir digitalmente las ruinas arquitectónicas y de recomponer su integridad geométrica, estilística y material. Para ello, los investigadores analizaron la iglesia de Santa María de Monasterio Albo, situada en el antiguo pueblo de Misterbianco (Sicilia) y destruida (junto con todo el burgo) por la erupción del Etna de 1669. En los últimos años, varias campañas de excavación han sacado a la luz la iglesia, revelando los restos del portal principal y los seis altares, que constituyen uno de los ejemplos más notables del arte manierista en el este de Sicilia. La investigación ha permitido reconstruir tridimensionalmente(3D) tanto los altares como el portal, reviviendo idealmente su configuración original del siglo XVII. Este objetivo se logró mediante una investigación de archivos (se consultaron documentos que se remontan a los años 1300-1666), un análisis de los tratados clásicos y renacentistas, así como dos campañas integradas de levantamiento digital (escaneado láser y fotogrametría). El resultado está representado por los modelos 3D de los siete artefactos, que incluyen partes supervivientes (reconstruidas como mesh fotogramétricas), varios fragmentos (colocados en su probable posición inicial mediante una anastilosis virtual) y superficies NURBS (’Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines’, que recrean los elementos que ya no existen). Estos últimos fueron modelados en 3D, bien sobre la base de los tratados (que ofrecían información sobre las proporciones correctas), o bien por analogía con otros artefactos coetáneos similares. En general, la reconstrucción digital se basó en los principios éticos de transparencia de la intervención, reconocimiento de los añadidos no originales y distinción entre pruebas e hipótesis, según las Cartas de Londres y Sevilla. La experimentación ofrece un soporte válido para posibles intervenciones en el mundo real y es el punto de partida para desarrollar un archivo digital del sitio, capaz de exp

[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would ma, [ES] Este artículo aborda el reto de reconstruir digitalmente las ruinas arquitectónicas y de recomponer su integridad geométrica, estilística y material. Para ello, los investigadores analizaron la iglesia de Santa María de Monasterio Albo, situada en el antiguo pueblo de Misterbianco (Sicilia) y destruida (junto con todo el burgo) por la erupción del Etna de 1669. En los últimos años, varias campañas de excavación han sacado a la luz la iglesia, revelando los restos del portal principal y los seis altares, que constituyen uno de los ejemplos más notables del arte manierista en el este de Sicilia. La investigación ha permitido reconstruir tridimensionalmente(3D) tanto los altares como el portal, reviviendo idealmente su configuración original del siglo XVII. Este objetivo se logró mediante una investigación de archivos (se consultaron documentos que se remontan a los años 1300-1666), un análisis de los tratados clásicos y renacentistas, así como dos campañas integradas de levantamiento digital (escaneado láser y fotogrametría). El resultado está representado por los modelos 3D de los siete artefactos, que incluyen partes supervivientes (reconstruidas como mesh fotogramétricas), varios fragmentos (colocados en su probable posición inicial mediante una anastilosis virtual) y superficies NURBS (’Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines’, que recrean los elementos que ya no existen). Estos últimos fueron modelados en 3D, bien sobre la base de los tratados (que ofrecían información sobre las proporciones correctas), o bien por analogía con otros artefactos coetáneos similares. En general, la reconstrucción digital se basó en los principios éticos de transparencia de la intervención, reconocimiento de los añadidos no originales y distinción entre pruebas e hipótesis, según las Cartas de Londres y Sevilla. La experimentación ofrece un soporte válido para posibles intervenciones en el mundo real y es el punto de partida para desarrollar un archivo digital del sitio, capaz de exp

[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would ma, [ES] Este artículo aborda el reto de reconstruir digitalmente las ruinas arquitectónicas y de recomponer su integridad geométrica, estilística y material. Para ello, los investigadores analizaron la iglesia de Santa María de Monasterio Albo, situada en el antiguo pueblo de Misterbianco (Sicilia) y destruida (junto con todo el burgo) por la erupción del Etna de 1669. En los últimos años, varias campañas de excavación han sacado a la luz la iglesia, revelando los restos del portal principal y los seis altares, que constituyen uno de los ejemplos más notables del arte manierista en el este de Sicilia. La investigación ha permitido reconstruir tridimensionalmente(3D) tanto los altares como el portal, reviviendo idealmente su configuración original del siglo XVII. Este objetivo se logró mediante una investigación de archivos (se consultaron documentos que se remontan a los años 1300-1666), un análisis de los tratados clásicos y renacentistas, así como dos campañas integradas de levantamiento digital (escaneado láser y fotogrametría). El resultado está representado por los modelos 3D de los siete artefactos, que incluyen partes supervivientes (reconstruidas como mesh fotogramétricas), varios fragmentos (colocados en su probable posición inicial mediante una anastilosis virtual) y superficies NURBS (’Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines’, que recrean los elementos que ya no existen). Estos últimos fueron modelados en 3D, bien sobre la base de los tratados (que ofrecían información sobre las proporciones correctas), o bien por analogía con otros artefactos coetáneos similares. En general, la reconstrucción digital se basó en los principios éticos de transparencia de la intervención, reconocimiento de los añadidos no originales y distinción entre pruebas e hipótesis, según las Cartas de Londres y Sevilla. La experimentación ofrece un soporte válido para posibles intervenciones en el mundo real y es el punto de partida para desarrollar un archivo digital del sitio, capaz de exp

[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would ma, [ES] Este artículo aborda el reto de reconstruir digitalmente las ruinas arquitectónicas y de recomponer su integridad geométrica, estilística y material. Para ello, los investigadores analizaron la iglesia de Santa María de Monasterio Albo, situada en el antiguo pueblo de Misterbianco (Sicilia) y destruida (junto con todo el burgo) por la erupción del Etna de 1669. En los últimos años, varias campañas de excavación han sacado a la luz la iglesia, revelando los restos del portal principal y los seis altares, que constituyen uno de los ejemplos más notables del arte manierista en el este de Sicilia. La investigación ha permitido reconstruir tridimensionalmente(3D) tanto los altares como el portal, reviviendo idealmente su configuración original del siglo XVII. Este objetivo se logró mediante una investigación de archivos (se consultaron documentos que se remontan a los años 1300-1666), un análisis de los tratados clásicos y renacentistas, así como dos campañas integradas de levantamiento digital (escaneado láser y fotogrametría). El resultado está representado por los modelos 3D de los siete artefactos, que incluyen partes supervivientes (reconstruidas como mesh fotogramétricas), varios fragmentos (colocados en su probable posición inicial mediante una anastilosis virtual) y superficies NURBS (’Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines’, que recrean los elementos que ya no existen). Estos últimos fueron modelados en 3D, bien sobre la base de los tratados (que ofrecían información sobre las proporciones correctas), o bien por analogía con otros artefactos coetáneos similares. En general, la reconstrucción digital se basó en los principios éticos de transparencia de la intervención, reconocimiento de los añadidos no originales y distinción entre pruebas e hipótesis, según las Cartas de Londres y Sevilla. La experimentación ofrece un soporte válido para posibles intervenciones en el mundo real y es el punto de partida para desarrollar un archivo digital del sitio, capaz de exp

[EN] This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would ma, [ES] Este artículo aborda el reto de reconstruir digitalmente las ruinas arquitectónicas y de recomponer su integridad geométrica, estilística y material. Para ello, los investigadores analizaron la iglesia de Santa María de Monasterio Albo, situada en el antiguo pueblo de Misterbianco (Sicilia) y destruida (junto con todo el burgo) por la erupción del Etna de 1669. En los últimos años, varias campañas de excavación han sacado a la luz la iglesia, revelando los restos del portal principal y los seis altares, que constituyen uno de los ejemplos más notables del arte manierista en el este de Sicilia. La investigación ha permitido reconstruir tridimensionalmente(3D) tanto los altares como el portal, reviviendo idealmente su configuración original del siglo XVII. Este objetivo se logró mediante una investigación de archivos (se consultaron documentos que se remontan a los años 1300-1666), un análisis de los tratados clásicos y renacentistas, así como dos campañas integradas de levantamiento digital (escaneado láser y fotogrametría). El resultado está representado por los modelos 3D de los siete artefactos, que incluyen partes supervivientes (reconstruidas como mesh fotogramétricas), varios fragmentos (colocados en su probable posición inicial mediante una anastilosis virtual) y superficies NURBS (’Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines’, que recrean los elementos que ya no existen). Estos últimos fueron modelados en 3D, bien sobre la base de los tratados (que ofrecían información sobre las proporciones correctas), o bien por analogía con otros artefactos coetáneos similares. En general, la reconstrucción digital se basó en los principios éticos de transparencia de la intervención, reconocimiento de los añadidos no originales y distinción entre pruebas e hipótesis, según las Cartas de Londres y Sevilla. La experimentación ofrece un soporte válido para posibles intervenciones en el mundo real y es el punto de partida para desarrollar un archivo digital del sitio, capaz de exp

Recently, a disorder caused by the heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) substitution in has been described. This causes mislocalization of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter to the Golgi leading to a congenital disorder of glycosylation type II (SLC37A4-CDG). Only one patient has been reported showing liver disease that improved with age and mild dysmorphism. Here we report the second patient with a type II CDG caused by the same heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) mutation thereby confirming the pathogenicity of this variant and expanding the clinical picture with type 1 diabetes, severe scoliosis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Additional clinical and biochemical data provide further insight into the mechanism and prognosis of SLC37A4-CDG.

AIM: Long‐term ecological data provide a stepped frame of island ecosystem transformation after successive waves of human colonization, essential to determine conservation and management baselines. However, the timing and ecological impact of initial human settlement on many islands is still poorly known. Here, we report analyses from a 4800‐year sedimentary sequence from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), with the goal of disentangling forest responses to natural fire from early human pressure on the island. LOCATION: La Calderilla, a volcanic maar caldera at 1,770 m a.s.l. on Gran Canaria. TAXON: Plants and fungi. METHODS: A core from the caldera infill was analysed for sediment properties, pollen, micro‐ and macrocharcoal, with radiocarbon and biochronology dating. Fossil data were statistically zoned and interpreted with the help of cross‐correlation and ordination analyses. Surface samples and a pollen–vegetation training set were used as modern analogues for vegetation reconstruction. RESULTS: Before human settlement (4,800–2,000 cal. yr bp), pine (Pinus canariensis) pollen dominated. Extensive dry pine forests characterized the highlands, although with temporary declining phases, followed by prompt (sub‐centennial scale) recovery. Towards 2,280 cal. yr bp there was a shift to open vegetation, marked by an increase in coprophilous spores. Coincidental with independent evidence of human settlement in the pine belt (2,000–470 cal. yr bp) there was a decline of pine and a peak in charcoal. Following historic settlement (470–0 cal. yr bp), pollen producers from anthropogenic habitats, secondary vegetation and coprophilous fungi increased in abundance, reflecting higher pressure of animal husbandry and farming. Modern moss polsters reflect extensive reforestation since 1950 ce (Common Era). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: From 4,800 cal. yr bp, the pristine vegetation covering the Gran Canaria highlands was a mosaic of dry pine forests and open vegetation. The pine forests sustained

Seiberg-like dualities in 2 + 1d quiver gauge theories with 4 supercharges are investigated. We consider quivers made of various combinations of classical gauge groups U(N), Sp(N), SO(N) and SU(N). Our main focus is the mapping of the supersymmetric monopole operators across the dual theories. There is a simple general rule that encodes the mapping of the monopoles upon dualizing a single node. This rule dictates the mapping of all the monopoles which are not dressed by baryonic operators. We also study more general situations involving baryons and baryon-monopoles, focussing on three examples: SU - Sp, SO - SO and SO - Sp quivers.

We consider 3dN = 2 gauge theories with fundamental matter plus a single field in a rank-2 representation. Using iteratively a process of deconfinement of the rank-2 field, we produce a sequence of Seiberg-dual quiver theories. We detail this process in two examples with zero superpotential: Usp(2N) gauge theory with an antisymmetric field and U(N) gauge theory with an adjoint field. The fully deconfined dual quiver has N nodes, and can be interpreted as an Aharony dual of theories with rank-2 matter. All chiral ring generators of the original theory are mapped into gauge singlet fields of the fully deconfined quiver dual.

Aim: Long-term ecological data provide a stepped frame of island ecosystem transformation after successive waves of human colonization, essential to determine conservation and management baselines. However, the timing and ecological impact of initial human settlement on many islands is still poorly known. Here, we report analyses from a 4800-year sedimentary sequence from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), with the goal of disentangling forest responses to natural fire from early human pressure on the island. Location: La Calderilla, a volcanic maar caldera at 1,770 m a.s.l. on Gran Canaria. Taxon: Plants and fungi. Methods: A core from the caldera infill was analysed for sediment properties, pollen, micro- and macrocharcoal, with radiocarbon and biochronology dating. Fossil data were statistically zoned and interpreted with the help of cross-correlation and ordination analyses. Surface samples and a pollen–vegetation training set were used as modern analogues for vegetation reconstruction. Results: Before human settlement (4,800–2,000 cal. yr bp), pine (Pinus canariensis) pollen dominated. Extensive dry pine forests characterized the highlands, although with temporary declining phases, followed by prompt (sub-centennial scale) recovery. Towards 2,280 cal. yr bp there was a shift to open vegetation, marked by an increase in coprophilous spores. Coincidental with independent evidence of human settlement in the pine belt (2,000–470 cal. yr bp) there was a decline of pine and a peak in charcoal. Following historic settlement (470–0 cal. yr bp), pollen producers from anthropogenic habitats, secondary vegetation and coprophilous fungi increased in abundance, reflecting higher pressure of animal husbandry and farming. Modern moss polsters reflect extensive reforestation since 1950 ce (Common Era). Main conclusions: From 4,800 cal. yr bp, the pristine vegetation covering the Gran Canaria highlands was a mosaic of dry pine forests and open vegetation. The pine forests sustai

The Last Glaciation environmental history of the Po Plain (Northern Italy) is still poorly known. Here we present a multiproxy record from a compressed peat dated 33-30 ka cal BP, underlying the Last Glacial Maximum fluvio-glacial belt in the Adda River catchment. Slow river dynamics and subsurface water saturation granted stable surfaces supporting mixed pine-birch forests, including open wetlands - marshes and swamps - and open drylands, with juniper bushes, connected to sandy river bars. Fire phases favoured birch but decreased arboreal pollen, although open lands did not expand. We discuss relationships with millennial climate variability between GI-6 and GS-5.1.

Seiberg-like dualities in $2+1$d quiver gauge theories with $4$ supercharges are investigated. We consider quivers made of various combinations of classical gauge groups $U(N)$, $Sp(N)$, $SO(N)$ and $SU(N)$. Our main focus is the mapping of the supersymmetric monopole operators across the dual theories. There is a simple general rule that encodes the mapping of the monopoles upon dualising a single node. This rule dictates the mapping of all the monopoles which are not dressed by baryonic operators. We also study more general situations involving baryons and baryon-monopoles, focussing on three examples: $SU-Sp$, $SO-SO$ and $SO-Sp$ quivers., Comment: 42 pages + appendices. v1: references added. v2: typos corrected, version for JHEP

We consider $3d$ $\mathcal{N}\!=\!2$ gauge theories with fundamental matter plus a single field in a rank-$2$ representation. Using iteratively a process of "deconfinement" of the rank-$2$ field, we produce a sequence of Seiberg-dual quiver theories. We detail this process in two examples with zero superpotential: $Usp(2N)$ gauge theory with an antisymmetric field and $U(N)$ gauge theory with an adjoint field. The fully deconfined dual quiver has $N$ nodes, and can be interpreted as an Aharony dual of theories with rank-$2$ matter. All chiral ring generators of the original theory are mapped into gauge singlet fields of the fully deconfined quiver dual., Comment: 27 pages. v1: references added. v2: typos corrected, version for JHEP

Gauge theories in four dimensions can exhibit interesting low energy phenomena, such as infrared enhancements of global symmetry. We explore a class of 4d N=1 gauge theories arising from a construction that is motivated by duality walls in 5d gauge theories. Their quiver descriptions bear a resemblance to 4d theories obtained by compactifying 6d N=(1,0) superconformal field theories on a torus with fluxes, but with lower number of flavours and different number of gauge singlets and superpotentials. One of the main features of these theories is that they exhibit a flavour symmetry enhancement, and with supersymmetry enhancement for certain models, in the infrared. Properties of the superconformal fixed points of such theories are investigated in detail., Comment: 41 pages with a number of figures