Search

Forest ecosystems cover about one third of the Earth's land surface and provide invaluable ecosystem services, but their extension and health is threatened by the effects of climate change. Remote sensing has the potential to map the condition and functioning of global forests, however methodological and technical challenges still hamper the quantitative estimation of forest traits from spaceborne observations. The advent of new generation satellites and more advanced retrieval schemes may provide the chance to overcome these limitations, but the potential of both the data and models still needs to be assessed. In this study, we addressed the retrieval of forest traits from PRISMA hyperspectral spaceborne images collected over a temperate forest in Italy using hybrid retrieval schemes. The results obtained evidenced the potential of PRISMA images and hybrid models for the accurate quantification of Leaf Area Index (LAI) (R2=0.79, nRMSE=12.5%) and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC) (R2=0.74, nRMSE=24.2%) in forest ecosystems. The analysis of the retrievals revealed a sharp decrease of both LAI and CCC from June to early September 2022 due to a severe drought that hit Europe in the summer, providing indication of the usefulness of hyperspectral spaceborne imagery for forest monitoring.

The presence of phytoplankton parasites along the water column was explored at the Long Term Ecological Station MareChiara (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) in October 2019. Microscopy analyses showed diatoms dominating the phytoplankton community in the upper layers (0-20 m). Metabarcoding data from the water column showed the presence of Chytridiomycota predominantly in the upper layers coinciding with the vertical distribution of diatoms. Laboratory incubations of natural samples enriched with different diatom cultures confirmed parasitic interactions of some of those chytrids – including members of Kappamyces – with diatom taxa. The temporal dynamics of diatoms and chytrids was also explored in a three-year metabarcoding time-series (2011-2013) from surface waters of the study area and in sediment samples. Chytrids were recurrently present at low relative abundances, and some taxa found to infect diatoms in the incubation experiments were also identified in the ASV time-series. However, co-occurrence analyses did not show any clear or recurrent pairing patterns for chytrid and diatom taxa along the three years. The chytrid community in the sediments showed a clearly different species composition compared to the recorded in the water column samples, with higher diversity and relative abundance. The combination of observations, incubations and metabarcoding confirmed that parasites are a common component of marine protist communities at LTER-MC. Host-parasite interactions must be determined and quantified to understand their role and the impact they have on phytoplankton dynamics

In this paper, we report our discovery of a gaze behavior called Quiet Eye (QE) in minimally invasive surgery. The QE behavior has been extensively studied in sports training and has been associated with higher level of expertise in multiple sports. We investigated the QE behavior in two independently collected data sets of surgeons performing tasks in a sinus surgery setting and a robotic surgery setting, respectively. Our results show that the QE behavior is more likely to occur in successful task executions and in performances of surgeons of high level of expertise. These results open the door to use the QE behavior in both training and skill assessment in minimally invasive surgery.

Background and purpose: The aim was to identify the clinical and diagnostic investigations that may help to support a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients not fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) electrodiagnostic criteria. Methods: The data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database were retrospectively reviewed. Results: In all, 535 patients with a diagnosis of CIDP were included. This diagnosis fulfilled the EFNS/PNS criteria in 468 patients (87.2%) (definite in 430, probable in 33, possible in three, while two had chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). Sixty-seven patients had a medical history and clinical signs compatible with CIDP but electrodiagnostic studies did not fulfill the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP. These patients had similar clinical features and frequency of abnormal supportive criteria for the diagnosis of CIDP compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. Two or more abnormal supportive criteria were present in 40 (61.2%) patients rising to 54 (80.6%) if a history of a relapsing course as a possible supportive criterion was also included. Increased cerebrospinal fluid proteins and response to immune therapy most frequently helped in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP. Response to therapy was similarly frequent in patients fulfilling or not EFNS/PNS criteria (87.3% vs. 85.9%). Conclusions: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP had similar clinical findings, frequency of abnormal supportive criteria and response to therapy compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. The presence of abnormal supportive criteria may help in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP in patients with a medical history and clinical signs compatible with this diagnosis but non-diagnostic nerve conduction studies.

The paper aims to understand the possible effects of the PNRR on the Italian Small Islands. The relationship between insiders and external actors, as well as the relationship of interdependence with the mainland, highlight the Italian Small Islands as a promising “laboratory” for investigation, not only as case studies but also as a complex and articulated spatial and territorial context in which some of the general dynamics tend to be emphasised. The peripheral dimension of the Italian Small Islands (Turco, 1980) has meant that since the Second World War they have been included among the “underdeveloped areas” and subject to the interventions of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno. Within this scenario, the smaller islands were the subject of specific funding or actions, in some cases emphasising their dependence on the mainland. This dependence has also been recorded in the policies of the National Strategy for Internal Areas (SNAI), which classifies island municipalities as peripheral or ultraperipheral, without however taking into account deeper local dynamics that effectively cancel out these conditions of peripheralisation. The PNRR proposes some missions explicitly addressed to small island territories, such as the achievement of a circular economy, forms of development that dialogue between tourism and sustainability, but also more general actions aimed, for example, at the mitigation of territorial gaps. The paper seeks to connect PNRR, tourism development and the challenge of Small Islands' seasonal geographies.

A few observational studies and randomized trials suggest that exercise and rehabilitation may improve activity limitation and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), but the impact of other modifiable factors on the severity of the disease is not well understood. Using a structured questionnaire, we collected data on lifestyle and dietary habits of the patients included in the Italian CIDP database to investigate the possible influence of modifiable lifestyle factors on disability and QoL. Questionnaire data were available for 323 patients. The effect of lifestyle and dietary exposures on impairment, disability and QoL was evaluated using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, physical activity and smoking. Physical activity was associated with lower sensory impairment by the ISS scale, less disability by the INCAT and RODS scale and a better QoL in all the domains of EURO-QoL scale with the exception of anxiety/depression. None of the other parameters had an impact on these scales. This study adds evidence to the possible role of physical activity in improving symptom severity, disability and QoL in patients with CIDP. None of the other environmental factors investigated appeared to have an impact on the severity and health perception of CIDP.

The objective of our work was to report the clinical features and the relevance of diagnostic investigations in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database. Among the 500 included patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP, 437 patients (87%) fulfilled the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria for CIDP (definite in 407, probable in 26, possible in four). In 352 patients (86%) motor nerve conduction abnormalities consistent with demyelination were sufficient for the diagnosis of definite CIDP. In 55 patients, this diagnosis required the addition of one or two (from probable or from possible CIDP, respectively) supportive tests, while in 20 cases they improved the diagnosis from possible to probable CIDP, seven patients did not change diagnosis. Considering these 85 patients, cerebrospinal fluid studies were performed in 79 cases (93%) upgrading the certainty of diagnosis in 59% of examined patients. Sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in 85% of patients with an improvement of diagnosis in 32% of cases. Nerve biopsy and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (US/MRI) exams resulted positive in about 40% of examined patients, but they were performed in few patients (7 patients and 16 patients, respectively). A response to the therapy was present in 84% of treated patients (n = 77), contributing to support the diagnosis in 40 patients in whom the other supportive criteria were not sufficient. In most patients with CIDP the diagnosis is possible solely with motor NCS while other investigations may help improving the diagnosis in a minority of patients.

For the diagnosis of anti-MAG polyneuropathy the commercial ELISA manufacturer currently recommends a cut-off of 1000 Bühlmann Titer Units (BTU). We analyzed sera from 80 anti-MAG neuropathy patients and 383 controls (with other neuropathies or healthy controls) to assess the ELISA sensitivity and specificity at different thresholds. A better combination of sensitivity/specificity was found at a threshold >1500 BTU than at >1000 BTU. The best value of specificity was obtained at threshold >7000 BTU. There was a diagnostic grey area between 1500 and 7000 BTU in which the clinical phenotypes as well as electrophysiological studies need to be carefully assessed particularly to differentiate CIDP and anti-MAG neuropathy.

Through a process of robust co-design, we created a bespoke accessible survey platform to explore the role of co-researchers with learning disabilities (LDs) in research design and analysis. A team of co-researchers used this system to create an online survey to challenge public understanding of LDs [3]. Here, we describe and evaluate the process of remotely co-analyzing the survey data across 30 meetings in a research team consisting of academics and nonacademics with diverse abilities amid new COVID-19 lockdown challenges. Based on survey data with >1,500 responses, we first coanalyzed demographics using graphs and art & design approaches. Next, co-researchers co-analyzed the output of machine learningbased structural topic modelling (STM) applied to open-ended text responses. We derived an efficient five-steps STM co-analysis process for creative, inclusive, and critical engagement of data by coresearchers. Co-researchers observed that by trying to understand and impact public opinion, their own perspectives also changed.

In this paper we reconstruct the recent evolution of the landscape between the coastline and the south-western reliefs of Karst in the Trieste area; this is a territory with limited residential and productive uses, where altitude may vary within a range in excess of 300 metres. This condition, combined with the area’s hydrogeological instability, has affected the relationship between man and land over the centuries. The construction of infrastructure (the railway, in the mid-19th century, and the highway in the 20th) allowed the expansion of residential settlements in the municipalities concerned, as well as strengthening links between Trieste and its industrial area (Monfalcone) and Friuli, whereas these had previously been limited to the Karst alone. These modifications had important consequences on land use, revolutionizing the landscape whose features had been determined by agriculture and the presence of terraces, whose traces are still visible today. In the first part of this work we analyse the historical dynamics that resulted in the landscape changing, with research based on cartographic evidence and descriptions found in the main guides of the local area published in subsequent periods. In the second part we investigate the condition of Trieste after World War II, in relation to land-use changes. Lastly, we observe the most recent issues emerging in the debate with regard to the recovery of the area.

In this paper we reconstruct the recent evolution of the landscape between the coastline and the south-western reliefs of Karst in the Trieste area; this is a territory with limited residential and productive uses, where altitude may vary within a range in excess of 300 metres. This condition, combined with the area’s hydrogeological instability, has affected the relationship between man and land over the centuries. The construction of infrastructure (the railway, in the mid-19th century, and the highway in the 20th) allowed the expansion of residential settlements in the municipalities concerned, as well as strengthening links between Trieste and its industrial area (Monfalcone) and Friuli, whereas these had previously been limited to the Karst alone. These modifications had important consequences on land use, revolutionizing the landscape whose features had been determined by agriculture and the presence of terraces, whose traces are still visible today. In the first part of this work we analyse the historical dynamics that resulted in the landscape changing, with research based on cartographic evidence and descriptions found in the main guides of the local area published in subsequent periods. In the second part we investigate the condition of Trieste after World War II, in relation to land-use changes. Lastly, we observe the most recent issues emerging in the debate with regard to the recovery of the area.

In the last decade, green chemistry has been attracting great interest in many contexts, including, among others, natural antioxidants. However, only a few works deal with natural residue extracts and biowaste, which could be an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly source for the production of useful compounds. In this study, we look for antioxidant activity in Araucaria araucana seeds, an iconic pine species of the Argentine and Chilean Patagonia commonly known as “pehuén”. Piñones are the edible pehuén seeds, and it is estimated that approximately 40 tons of piñones are harvested annually in Argentina and Chile. The chemical composition, antioxidants, metal corrosion-inhibiting properties and biological activity of edible and discarded piñón tissues were determined. Acute toxicity was discarded by in vitro testing and double fluorescent staining. Biological activity was evaluated in vivo by determining redox markers in salivary glands from rats treated with Cyclophosphamide (an oncological drug). All piñón tissues had antioxidants and antioxidant activity, with the coats showing the highest levels (up to 404 µg ascorbic acid equivalent per mg). The coats, in particular, had high gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and tannin contents, and more antioxidant activity, polyphenols and flavonoids than berries from the region. Results by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed that Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca were majority elements in the coat, embryo and endosperm. Furthermore, coat extract also showed significant anti-corrosion activity and in vivo protection against oxidative damage. The results indicate that piñón biowaste is a low-cost attractive source of natural antioxidants with potential nutraceutical, medical and metal corrosion protection applications.

EcoPêche vise à concevoir et évaluer des vergers de pêche-nectarine conciliant une forte réduction des produits phytopharmaceutiques sans pénalisation des performances technico-économiques. Les expérimentations système, conduits par 8 partenaires dans 7 sites, combinent de nombreux leviers d’action depuis les choix structurels à la plantation jusqu’à l’association de différentes méthodes alternatives pour la gestion annuelle des vergers sur la période 2013-2018. Les analyses de données concernent 29 systèmes x années Référence (REF), 36 ECO (Econome en pesticides) et 12 systèmes BIO. La réduction des produits phytosanitaires hors biocontrôle atteint 52 % dans ECO et 77 % dans BIO par rapport à REF (21,1 IFT). Le rendement commercialisable est plus faible dans ECO (-20 %) et BIO (-64 %) par rapport à REF (30,5 t/ha). La réduction des coûts de production dans ECO (-15 %) ne permet pas de compenser la diminution du chiffre d’affaire (-19 %) conduisant à une réduction des marges (- 21 %). En BIO, le prix de vente plus élevé des fruits permet d’obtenir des marges identiques à REF. 28 % des systèmes ECO et 50 % des BIO sont classés Systèmes Economes et Performants (SCEP, réduction de 50 % des IFT et marges supérieures à la médiane). Ces résultats montrent la faisabilité technique d’une forte réduction des pesticides en pêcher ce qui diminue les risques d’impacts sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. Une augmentation du prix payé aux producteurs (0,15 €/kg fruits) dans les systèmes ECO serait nécessaire pour compenser la diminution moyenne des rendements afin de favoriser la transition vers ces systèmes économes en pesticides. Mots

EcoPêche vise à concevoir et évaluer des vergers de pêche-nectarine conciliant une forte réduction des produits phytopharmaceutiques sans pénalisation des performances technico-économiques. Les expérimentations système, conduits par 8 partenaires dans 7 sites, combinent de nombreux leviers d’action depuis les choix structurels à la plantation jusqu’à l’association de différentes méthodes alternatives pour la gestion annuelle des vergers sur la période 2013-2018. Les analyses de données concernent 29 systèmes x années Référence (REF), 36 ECO (Econome en pesticides) et 12 systèmes BIO. La réduction des produits phytosanitaires hors biocontrôle atteint 52 % dans ECO et 77 % dans BIO par rapport à REF (21,1 IFT). Le rendement commercialisable est plus faible dans ECO (-20 %) et BIO (-64 %) par rapport à REF (30,5 t/ha). La réduction des coûts de production dans ECO (-15 %) ne permet pas de compenser la diminution du chiffre d’affaire (-19 %) conduisant à une réduction des marges (- 21 %). En BIO, le prix de vente plus élevé des fruits permet d’obtenir des marges identiques à REF. 28 % des systèmes ECO et 50 % des BIO sont classés Systèmes Economes et Performants (SCEP, réduction de 50 % des IFT et marges supérieures à la médiane). Ces résultats montrent la faisabilité technique d’une forte réduction des pesticides en pêcher ce qui diminue les risques d’impacts sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. Une augmentation du prix payé aux producteurs (0,15 €/kg fruits) dans les systèmes ECO serait nécessaire pour compenser la diminution moyenne des rendements afin de favoriser la transition vers ces systèmes économes en pesticides. Mots

EcoPêche vise à concevoir et évaluer des vergers de pêche-nectarine conciliant une forte réduction des produits phytopharmaceutiques sans pénalisation des performances technico-économiques. Les expérimentations système, conduits par 8 partenaires dans 7 sites, combinent de nombreux leviers d’action depuis les choix structurels à la plantation jusqu’à l’association de différentes méthodes alternatives pour la gestion annuelle des vergers sur la période 2013-2018. Les analyses de données concernent 29 systèmes x années Référence (REF), 36 ECO (Econome en pesticides) et 12 systèmes BIO. La réduction des produits phytosanitaires hors biocontrôle atteint 52 % dans ECO et 77 % dans BIO par rapport à REF (21,1 IFT). Le rendement commercialisable est plus faible dans ECO (-20 %) et BIO (-64 %) par rapport à REF (30,5 t/ha). La réduction des coûts de production dans ECO (-15 %) ne permet pas de compenser la diminution du chiffre d’affaire (-19 %) conduisant à une réduction des marges (- 21 %). En BIO, le prix de vente plus élevé des fruits permet d’obtenir des marges identiques à REF. 28 % des systèmes ECO et 50 % des BIO sont classés Systèmes Economes et Performants (SCEP, réduction de 50 % des IFT et marges supérieures à la médiane). Ces résultats montrent la faisabilité technique d’une forte réduction des pesticides en pêcher ce qui diminue les risques d’impacts sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. Une augmentation du prix payé aux producteurs (0,15 €/kg fruits) dans les systèmes ECO serait nécessaire pour compenser la diminution moyenne des rendements afin de favoriser la transition vers ces systèmes économes en pesticides. Mots

I libri di Meneghello sono contrassegnati da una grande circolazione delle parole altrui, spesso non nella forma della riproduzione estesa, ma sempre con una sensibilità acutissima per le dinamiche dei comportamenti verbali, per le qualità (lucidità, ironia, forza icastica e conoscitiva) ma anche per i vizi, i limiti (ossificazione, standardizzazione, falsificazione) delle parole dei personaggi messi in scena, sé compreso. La voce narrante si pone frequentemente come centro di ‘smistamento’, metabolizzazione, commento, interpretazione, valorizzazione di singoli vocaboli, espressioni, detti memorabili (nel bene o nel male) dei suoi interlocutori. Le specificità linguistiche, gli idioletti individuali, catturati e riprodotti, alimentano la pagina e ricevono nuova linfa, vengono come rivitalizzati, dalla forza creatrice e espressiva di Meneghello. Il saggio si propone di analizzare ed esemplificare le due direttrici attraverso cui Meneghello agisce nel riprodurre le parole e i discorsi degli altri e dell’Io personaggio: quella della parola citata, nei modi del discorso diretto (in qualche caso con forme del discorso indiretto libero) e quella della parola trasposta, dell’incorniciamento delle parole altrui, secondo specifici processi di stilizzazione. Se si assume come punto di osservazione questo aspetto della scrittura di Meneghello i suoi libri tendono a ribadire o ridisegnare accostamenti dettati anche da altri elementi testuali. Emergono analogia di procedure in Libera nos a malo, Pomo pero, Fiori italiani; I piccoli maestri si pongono come un unicum, per lo spazio notevole lasciato alla citazione in presa diretta delle parole dei personaggi (riproduzione estensiva dettata dall’originalità dello scambio dialogico, dal contenuto trattato, dalla memorabilità del momento in cui si svolge il dialogo); mentre Bau-sète! e Il dispatrio costituiscono un dittico interessante per il numero e la tipologia di discorsi e conversazioni citati, di dialoghi narrati ma tac

EcoPêche vise à concevoir et évaluer des vergers de pêche-nectarine conciliant une forte réduction des produits phytopharmaceutiques sans pénalisation des performances technico-économiques. Les expérimentations système, conduits par 8 partenaires dans 7 sites, combinent de nombreux leviers d’action depuis les choix structurels à la plantation jusqu’à l’association de différentes méthodes alternatives pour la gestion annuelle des vergers sur la période 2013-2018. Les analyses de données concernent 29 systèmes x années Référence (REF), 36 ECO (Econome en pesticides) et 12 systèmes BIO. La réduction des produits phytosanitaires hors biocontrôle atteint 52 % dans ECO et 77 % dans BIO par rapport à REF (21,1 IFT). Le rendement commercialisable est plus faible dans ECO (-20 %) et BIO (-64 %) par rapport à REF (30,5 t/ha). La réduction des coûts de production dans ECO (-15 %) ne permet pas de compenser la diminution du chiffre d’affaire (-19 %) conduisant à une réduction des marges (- 21 %). En BIO, le prix de vente plus élevé des fruits permet d’obtenir des marges identiques à REF. 28 % des systèmes ECO et 50 % des BIO sont classés Systèmes Economes et Performants (SCEP, réduction de 50 % des IFT et marges supérieures à la médiane). Ces résultats montrent la faisabilité technique d’une forte réduction des pesticides en pêcher ce qui diminue les risques d’impacts sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. Une augmentation du prix payé aux producteurs (0,15 €/kg fruits) dans les systèmes ECO serait nécessaire pour compenser la diminution moyenne des rendements afin de favoriser la transition vers ces systèmes économes en pesticides. Mots

Originaire d’Asie, Drosophila suzukii a été identifiée en France en 2010 et cause des dégâts trèsimportants sur différentes espèces fruitières, telles que les cerises, les fraises et les framboises, allantjusqu’à déstabiliser certaines filières. Le projet Casdar (2013-2016) avait pour enjeu de permettre lemaintien de la production dans les filières concernées en apportant des connaissances sur D. suzukii etdes solutions à court, moyen et long terme, répondant à des exigences fortes sur les plans technique,économique et environnemental. Ce projet, avec la participation de tous les partenaires sur différentssites d’étude, a permis d’acquérir des connaissances sur la biologie et le comportement de D. suzukii.L’efficacité de stratégies de protection a pu être évaluée et pour certaines méthodes, des référencestechnico-économiques ont été fournies. Le piégeage massif n’a pas semblé efficace, cependant laprophylaxie a démontré son efficacité (aération des cultures, gestion de l’enherbement et des déchetsde culture), de même que l’utilisation de filets.

Originaire d’Asie, Drosophila suzukii a été identifiée en France en 2010 et cause des dégâts trèsimportants sur différentes espèces fruitières, telles que les cerises, les fraises et les framboises, allantjusqu’à déstabiliser certaines filières. Le projet Casdar (2013-2016) avait pour enjeu de permettre lemaintien de la production dans les filières concernées en apportant des connaissances sur D. suzukii etdes solutions à court, moyen et long terme, répondant à des exigences fortes sur les plans technique,économique et environnemental. Ce projet, avec la participation de tous les partenaires sur différentssites d’étude, a permis d’acquérir des connaissances sur la biologie et le comportement de D. suzukii.L’efficacité de stratégies de protection a pu être évaluée et pour certaines méthodes, des référencestechnico-économiques ont été fournies. Le piégeage massif n’a pas semblé efficace, cependant laprophylaxie a démontré son efficacité (aération des cultures, gestion de l’enherbement et des déchetsde culture), de même que l’utilisation de filets.

Originaire d’Asie, Drosophila suzukii a été identifiée en France en 2010 et cause des dégâts trèsimportants sur différentes espèces fruitières, telles que les cerises, les fraises et les framboises, allantjusqu’à déstabiliser certaines filières. Le projet Casdar (2013-2016) avait pour enjeu de permettre lemaintien de la production dans les filières concernées en apportant des connaissances sur D. suzukii etdes solutions à court, moyen et long terme, répondant à des exigences fortes sur les plans technique,économique et environnemental. Ce projet, avec la participation de tous les partenaires sur différentssites d’étude, a permis d’acquérir des connaissances sur la biologie et le comportement de D. suzukii.L’efficacité de stratégies de protection a pu être évaluée et pour certaines méthodes, des référencestechnico-économiques ont été fournies. Le piégeage massif n’a pas semblé efficace, cependant laprophylaxie a démontré son efficacité (aération des cultures, gestion de l’enherbement et des déchetsde culture), de même que l’utilisation de filets.

Originaire d’Asie, Drosophila suzukii a été identifiée en France en 2010 et cause des dégâts trèsimportants sur différentes espèces fruitières, telles que les cerises, les fraises et les framboises, allantjusqu’à déstabiliser certaines filières. Le projet Casdar (2013-2016) avait pour enjeu de permettre lemaintien de la production dans les filières concernées en apportant des connaissances sur D. suzukii etdes solutions à court, moyen et long terme, répondant à des exigences fortes sur les plans technique,économique et environnemental. Ce projet, avec la participation de tous les partenaires sur différentssites d’étude, a permis d’acquérir des connaissances sur la biologie et le comportement de D. suzukii.L’efficacité de stratégies de protection a pu être évaluée et pour certaines méthodes, des référencestechnico-économiques ont été fournies. Le piégeage massif n’a pas semblé efficace, cependant laprophylaxie a démontré son efficacité (aération des cultures, gestion de l’enherbement et des déchetsde culture), de même que l’utilisation de filets.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor and is associated with poor survival. Recently, stem-like cell populations have been identified in numerous malignancies including GBM. To identify genes whose expression is changed with differentiation, we compared transcript profiles from a GBM oncosphere line before and after differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression profiles identified podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), a protein highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells, as a potential marker of undifferentiated GBM stem-like cells. The loss of PODXL expression upon differentiation of GBM stem-like cell lines was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Analytical flow cytometry of numerous GBM oncosphere lines demonstrated PODXL expression in all lines examined. Knockdown studies and flow cytometric cell sorting experiments demonstrated that PODXL is involved in GBM stem-like cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Compared to PODXL-negative cells, PODXL-positive cells had increased expression of the progenitor/stem cell markers Musashi1, SOX2, and BMI1. Finally, PODXL expression directly correlated with increasing glioma grade and was a marker for poor outcome in patients with GBM. In summary, we have demonstrated that PODXL is expressed in GBM stem-like cells and is involved in cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Moreover, high PODXL expression correlates with increasing glioma grade and decreased overall survival in patients with GBM. © 2013 Binder et al.

A commonly activated signaling cascade in many human malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme, is the Akt pathway. This pathway can be activated via numerous upstream alterations including genomic amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor, PTEN deletion, or PIK3CA mutations. In this study, we screened phospha- tidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt small-molecule inhibitors in an isogenic cell culture system with an activated Akt pathway secondary to a PIK3CA mutation. One small molecule, A-443654, showed the greatest selective inhibition of cells with the mutant phenotype. Based on these findings, this inhibitor was screened in vitro against a panel of glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. All cell lines tested were sensitive to A-443654 with a mean IC 50 of ∼150 nmol/L. An analogue of A-443654, methylated at a region that blocks Akt binding, was on average 36-fold less active. Caspase assays and dual flow cytometric analysis showed an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. A-443654 was further tested in a rat intracranial model of glioblastoma multiforme. Animals treated intracranially with polymers containing A-443654 had significantly extended survival compared with control animals; animals survived 79% and 43% longer than controls when A-443654-containing polymers were implanted simultaneously or in a delayed fashion, respectively. This small molecule also inhibited glioblastoma multiforme stem-like cells with similar efficacy compared with traditionally cultured glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. These results suggest that local delivery of an Akt small-molecule inhibitor is effective against experimental intracranial glioma, with no observed resistance to glioblastoma multiforme cells grown in stem cell conditions. Copyright © 2009 American Association for Cancer Research.

The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathway is reported to stimulate glioblastoma (GBM) growth. In this work we evaluated the effect of FGF2, FGF receptor (FGFR), and small molecule inhibition on GBM cells grown in traditional media, or cultured directly in stem-cell media. These lines each expressed the FGFR1, FGFR3 and FGFR4 receptors. Addition of FGF2 ligand showed significant growth stimulation in 8 of 10 cell lines. Disruption of FGF signaling by a neutralizing FGF2 monoclonal antibody and FGFR1 suppression by RNA interference both partially inhibited cell proliferation. Growth inhibition was temporally correlated with a reduction in MAPK signaling. A receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with known FGFR/VEGFR activity, PD173074, showed reproducible growth inhibition. Possible mechanisms of growth suppression by PD173074 were implicated by reduced phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK, known oncogenic signal transducers. Subsequent reduction in the cyclin D1, cyclin D2 and CDK4 cell cycle regulators was also observed. Our results indicate that FGF signaling pathway inhibition as a monotherapy will slow, but not arrest growth of glioblastoma cells. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2009.

Background Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a promising approach to overcome resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Pictilisib is an oral inhibitor of multiple PI3K isoforms. The aim of this study is to establish if addition of pictilisib to fulvestrant can improve progression-free survival in oestrogen receptor-positive, endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Methods In this two-part, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study, we recruited postmenopausal women aged 18 years or older with oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer resistant to treatment with an aromatase inhibitor in the adjuvant or metastatic setting, from 123 medical centres across 21 countries. Part 1 included patients with or without PIK3CA mutations, whereas part 2 included only patients with PIK3CA mutations. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1 in part 1 and 2:1 in part 2) via a computer-generated hierarchical randomisation algorithm to daily oral pictilisib (340 mg in part 1 and 260 mg in part 2) or placebo starting on day 15 of cycle 1, plus intramuscular fulvestrant 500 mg on day 1 and day 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of subsequent cycles in both groups. In part 1, we stratified patients by presence or absence of PIK3CA mutation, primary or secondary aromatase inhibitor resistance, and measurable or non-measurable disease. In part 2, we stratified patients by previous aromatase inhibitor treatment for advanced or metastatic disease or relapse during or within 6 months of an aromatase inhibitor treatment in the adjuvant setting and measurable or non-measurable disease. All patients and those administering treatment and assessing outcomes were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population for both parts 1 and 2 and also separately in patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumours in part 1. Tumour assessment (physical examination and imaging scans) was investigator-assessed, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background: We reported that 6-month therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was more frequently effective or tolerated than intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We now retrospectively compared the proportion of patients who eventually worsened after discontinuing therapy and the median time to clinical worsening. Methods: By March 2013, data were available from 41 of the 45 patients completing the trial with a median follow-up after therapy discontinuation of 42 months (range 1-60). Three patients withdrew during the original study and one failed to respond to either of the therapies. No patient received a diagnosis alternative to CIDP during the follow-up. Results: Twenty-eight of the 32 patients treated with IVIg (as primary or secondary therapy after failing to respond to IVMP) improved after therapy (87.5%) as compared with 13 of the 24 patients treated with IVMP as primary or secondary therapy (54.2%). After a median follow-up of 42 months (range 1-57), 24 out of 28 patients responsive to IVIg (85.7%) worsened after therapy discontinuation. The same occurred in 10 out of 13 patients (76.9%) responsive to IVMP (p=0.659) after a median follow-up of 43 months (range 7-60). Worsening occurred 1-24 months (median 4.5) after IVIg discontinuation and 1-31 months (median 14) after IVMP discontinuation (p=0.0126). Conclusions: A similarly high proportion of patients treated with IVIg or IVMP eventually relapse after therapy discontinuation but the median time to relapse was significantly longer after IVMP than IVIg. This difference may help to balance the more frequent response to IVIg than to IVMP in patients with CIDP.

Cell-free DNA shed by cancer cells has been shown to be a rich source of putative tumor-specific biomarkers. Because cell-free DNA from brain and spinal cord tumors cannot usually be detected in the blood, we studied whether the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that bathes the CNS is enriched for tumor DNA, here termed CSF-tDNA. We analyzed 35 primary CNS malignancies and found at least one mutation in each tumor using targeted or genome-wide sequencing. Using these patient-specific mutations as biomarkers, we identified detectable levels of CSF-tDNA in 74% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 57-88%] of cases. All medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and high-grade gliomas that abutted a CSF space were detectable (100% of 21 cases; 95% CI = 88-100%), whereas no CSF-tDNA was detected in patients whose tumors were not directly adjacent to a CSF reservoir (P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). These results suggest that CSF-tDNA could be useful for the management of patients with primary tumors of the brain or spinal cord.

Background: We reported that 6-month therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was more frequently effective or tolerated than intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We now retrospectively compared the proportion of patients who eventually worsened after discontinuing therapy and the median time to clinical worsening. Methods: By March 2013, data were available from 41 of the 45 patients completing the trial with a median follow-up after therapy discontinuation of 42 months (range 1-60). Three patients withdrew during the original study and one failed to respond to either of the therapies. No patient received a diagnosis alternative to CIDP during the follow-up. Results: Twenty-eight of the 32 patients treated with IVIg (as primary or secondary therapy after failing to respond to IVMP) improved after therapy (87.5%) as compared with 13 of the 24 patients treated with IVMP as primary or secondary therapy (54.2%). After a median follow-up of 42 months (range 1-57), 24 out of 28 patients responsive to IVIg (85.7%) worsened after therapy discontinuation. The same occurred in 10 out of 13 patients (76.9%) responsive to IVMP (p=0.659) after a median follow-up of 43 months (range 7-60). Worsening occurred 1-24 months (median 4.5) after IVIg discontinuation and 1-31 months (median 14) after IVMP discontinuation (p=0.0126). Conclusions: A similarly high proportion of patients treated with IVIg or IVMP eventually relapse after therapy discontinuation but the median time to relapse was significantly longer after IVMP than IVIg. This difference may help to balance the more frequent response to IVIg than to IVMP in patients with CIDP.

The development of noninvasive methods to detect and monitor tumors continues to be a major challenge in oncology. We used digital polymerase chain reaction-based technologies to evaluate the ability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect tumors in 640 patients with various cancer types. We found that ctDNA was detectable in >75% of patients with advanced pancreatic, ovarian, colorectal, bladder, gastroesophageal, breast, melanoma, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancers, but in less than 50% of primary brain, renal, prostate, or thyroid cancers. In patients with localized tumors, ctDNA was detected in 73, 57, 48, and 50% of patients with colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma, respectively. ctDNA was often present in patients without detectable circulating tumor cells, suggesting that these two biomarkers are distinct entities. In a separate panel of 206 patients with metastatic colorectal cancers, we showed that the sensitivity of ctDNA for detection of clinically relevant KRAS gene mutations was 87.2% and its specificity was 99.2%. Finally, we assessed whether ctDNA could provide clues into the mechanisms underlying resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in 24 patients who objectively responded to therapy but subsequently relapsed. Twenty-three (96%) of these patients developed one or more mutations in genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Together, these data suggest that ctDNA is a broadly applicable, sensitive, and specific biomarker that can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes in patients with multiple different types of cancer.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor and is associated with poor survival. Recently, stem-like cell populations have been identified in numerous malignancies including GBM. To identify genes whose expression is changed with differentiation, we compared transcript profiles from a GBM oncosphere line before and after differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression profiles identified podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), a protein highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells, as a potential marker of undifferentiated GBM stem-like cells. The loss of PODXL expression upon differentiation of GBM stem-like cell lines was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Analytical flow cytometry of numerous GBM oncosphere lines demonstrated PODXL expression in all lines examined. Knockdown studies and flow cytometric cell sorting experiments demonstrated that PODXL is involved in GBM stem-like cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Compared to PODXL-negative cells, PODXL-positive cells had increased expression of the progenitor/stem cell markers Musashi1, SOX2, and BMI1. Finally, PODXL expression directly correlated with increasing glioma grade and was a marker for poor outcome in patients with GBM. In summary, we have demonstrated that PODXL is expressed in GBM stem-like cells and is involved in cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Moreover, high PODXL expression correlates with increasing glioma grade and decreased overall survival in patients with GBM.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Despite the imminent expansion of Medicaid coverage for low-income adults, the effects of expanding coverage are unclear. The 2008 Medicaid expansion in Oregon based on lottery drawings from a waiting list provided an opportunity to evaluate these effects. METHODS: Approximately 2 years after the lottery, we obtained data from 6387 adults who were randomly selected to be able to apply for Medicaid coverage and 5842 adults who were not selected. Measures included blood-pressure, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin levels; screening for depression; medication inventories; and self-reported diagnoses, health status, health care utilization, and out-of-pocket spending for such services. We used the random assignment in the lottery to calculate the effect of Medicaid coverage. RESULTS: We found no significant effect of Medicaid coverage on the prevalence or diagnosis of hypertension or high cholesterol levels or on the use of medication for these conditions. Medicaid coverage significantly increased the probability of a diagnosis of diabetes and the use of diabetes medication, but we observed no significant effect on average glycated hemoglobin levels or on the percentage of participants with levels of 6.5% or higher. Medicaid coverage decreased the probability of a positive screening for depression (-9.15 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -16.70 to -1.60; P=0.02), increased the use of many preventive services, and nearly eliminated catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled study showed that Medicaid coverage generated no significant improvements in measured physical health outcomes in the first 2 years, but it did increase use of health care services, raise rates of diabetes detection and management, lower rates of depression, and reduce financial strain.

Aquestes notes succintes ofereixen les grans línies de les meves contribucions recents sobre els jueus de l’espai catalanooccità medieval. Després de recordar el contingut de la meva primera participació en els treballs de la interessant escola catalana («Affinités historiques et interférences culturelles chez les communautés juives de l’espace occitano-catalan», Simposi sobre Mossé ben Nahman, 1994), s’evoquen la participació en el tribunal de la tesi de Manuel Forcano a la Universitat de Barcelona, 1999 («La lletra apologètica de R. Iedaia ha-Penini») i l’oportunitat oferta —gràcies a l’enyorat Eduard Feliu— d’examinar «Els llibres confiscats a Girona després de la Disputa de Tortosa» i d’intentar una comparació amb la circulació dels manuscrits provençals en la mateixa època (Materia giudaica, 2001). En les actes del III i el IV Congrés per a l’Estudi dels Jueus en Territoris de Llengua Catalana (Perpinyà i Barcelona, 2007; i Barcelona i València, 2010) —la publicació de les quals esperem— s’han pogut aportar nous elements prosopogràfics sobre els Avigdor d’Arles, llinatge de metges traductors cèlebres; i la llista nominativa dels «Juifs aragonais et castillans en transit, installés ou convertis à Marseille. Documents inédits (1488- 1508)» s’ha pogut augmentar amb vuitanta nous noms. Aquesta breu recensió acaba amb l’evocació de la interessant Història de la Catalunya jueva (2009), de la qual el Llenguadoc no és pas absent.Paraules clau: Catalunya, Llenguadoc, Besiers, Girona, Disputa de Tortosa, Avigdor d’Arles, exiliats ibèrics, Marsella, These concise notes offer an overview of my recent contributions on Jews in the medieval Catalano-Occitan world. After revisiting the content of my first contribution (Affinités historiques et interférences culturelles chez les communautés juives de l’espace occitano-catalan, Mossé ben Nahman Symposium, 1994) to the work of the marvellous Catalan school, mention is made of my participation in the panel that assessed Manuel Forcano’s thesis (La lletra apologètica de R. Iedaia ha-Penini) at the University of Barcelona in 1999, and of the opportunity I was afforded —thanks to the sorely missed Eduard Feliu— to examine the books confiscated in Girona following the Disputation of Tortosa and to attempt to draw a comparison with the manuscripts in circulation in Provence in the same period (Materia giudaica, 2001). I have been able to contribute to the as-yet unpublished proceedings of the 3rd and the 4th Conference for the Study of Jews in Catalan-speaking Territories (Perpignan and Barcelona, 2007; and Barcelona and Valencia, 2010) by providing new prosopographical material on the Abigdors of Arles, a renowned family of physicians and translators, and by adding 80 new names to the list of Juifs aragonais et castillans en transit, installés ou convertis à Marseille. Documents inédits (1488-1508). This brief review ends with a reference to A History of Jewish Catalonia (2009), an interesting publication that by no means overlooks Languedoc.Keywords: Catalonia, Languedoc, Béziers, Girona, Disputation of Tortosa, Abigdors of Arles, Iberian exiles, Marseilles., Ces notes succinctes donnent les grandes lignes de mes récentes contributions effectuées sur les Juifs de l’espace catalano-occitan médiéval. Après un rappel du contenu de ma première participation aux travaux de la belle École catalane (« Affinités historiques et interférences culturelles chez les communautés juives de l’espace occitano-catalan », Colloque sur Mossé ben Nahman, 1994), sont évoqués le jury de thèse de Manuel Forcano à l’Université de Barcelone, 1999 (« Lettre apologétique de Y. ha-Penini de Béziers »), et l’opportunité offerte – grâce au regretté Eduard Feliu – d’observer « Les livres confisqués à Gérone après la Dispute de Tortose » et de tenter une comparaison avec la circulation des manuscrits provençaux à la même époque (Materia giudaica, 2001). Aux IIIe et IVe Congrés per a l’Estudi dels Jueus en Territoris de Llengua Catalana (Perpignan-Barcelone, 2007 ; et Barcelone-Valence, 2010) – dont les publications sont attendues – de nouveaux éléments prosopographiques ont pu être apportés sur les Avigdor d’Arles, célèbre lignée de médecins traducteurs ; et la liste nominative des « Juifs aragonais et castillans en transit, installés ou convertis à Marseille. Documents inédits (1488-1508) » a pu s’accroître de 80 nouveaux noms. Cette brève recension s’achève avec l’évocation du bel ouvrage récent Història de la Catalunya jueva (2009), d’où le Languedoc n’est pas absent.Mots-clefs : Catalogne, Languedoc, Béziers, Gérone, Dispute de Tortose, Avigdord’Arles, exil&eacut

A new pest has been officially described in France in 2010. Drosophila suzukii (also called Spotted-wing Drosophila) attacks many species of fruits, before ripening, and economic consequences are very important. Because of a very high fecundity and a great lack of knowledge on this invasive pest, there is a high need of applied research to provide efficient techniques to conventional and also organic farmers. Indeed, organic cherry or strawberry production is directly threatened by this new pest. The poster presents different control strategies and state of art for each of them.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Despite the imminent expansion of Medicaid coverage for low-income adults, the effects of expanding coverage are unclear. The 2008 Medicaid expansion in Oregon based on lottery drawings from a waiting list provided an opportunity to evaluate these effects. METHODS: Approximately 2 years after the lottery, we obtained data from 6387 adults who were randomly selected to be able to apply for Medicaid coverage and 5842 adults who were not selected. Measures included blood-pressure, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin levels; screening for depression; medication inventories; and self-reported diagnoses, health status, health care utilization, and out-of-pocket spending for such services. We used the random assignment in the lottery to calculate the effect of Medicaid coverage. RESULTS: We found no significant effect of Medicaid coverage on the prevalence or diagnosis of hypertension or high cholesterol levels or on the use of medication for these conditions. Medicaid coverage significantly increased the probability of a diagnosis of diabetes and the use of diabetes medication, but we observed no significant effect on average glycated hemoglobin levels or on the percentage of participants with levels of 6.5% or higher. Medicaid coverage decreased the probability of a positive screening for depression (-9.15 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -16.70 to -1.60; P=0.02), increased the use of many preventive services, and nearly eliminated catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled study showed that Medicaid coverage generated no significant improvements in measured physical health outcomes in the first 2 years, but it did increase use of health care services, raise rates of diabetes detection and management, lower rates of depression, and reduce financial strain.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Despite the imminent expansion of Medicaid coverage for low-income adults, the effects of expanding coverage are unclear. The 2008 Medicaid expansion in Oregon based on lottery drawings from a waiting list provided an opportunity to evaluate these effects. METHODS: Approximately 2 years after the lottery, we obtained data from 6387 adults who were randomly selected to be able to apply for Medicaid coverage and 5842 adults who were not selected. Measures included blood-pressure, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin levels; screening for depression; medication inventories; and self-reported diagnoses, health status, health care utilization, and out-of-pocket spending for such services. We used the random assignment in the lottery to calculate the effect of Medicaid coverage. RESULTS: We found no significant effect of Medicaid coverage on the prevalence or diagnosis of hypertension or high cholesterol levels or on the use of medication for these conditions. Medicaid coverage significantly increased the probability of a diagnosis of diabetes and the use of diabetes medication, but we observed no significant effect on average glycated hemoglobin levels or on the percentage of participants with levels of 6.5% or higher. Medicaid coverage decreased the probability of a positive screening for depression (-9.15 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -16.70 to -1.60; P=0.02), increased the use of many preventive services, and nearly eliminated catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled study showed that Medicaid coverage generated no significant improvements in measured physical health outcomes in the first 2 years, but it did increase use of health care services, raise rates of diabetes detection and management, lower rates of depression, and reduce financial strain.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor and is associated with poor survival. Recently, stem-like cell populations have been identified in numerous malignancies including GBM. To identify genes whose expression is changed with differentiation, we compared transcript profiles from a GBM oncosphere line before and after differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression profiles identified podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), a protein highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells, as a potential marker of undifferentiated GBM stem-like cells. The loss of PODXL expression upon differentiation of GBM stem-like cell lines was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Analytical flow cytometry of numerous GBM oncosphere lines demonstrated PODXL expression in all lines examined. Knockdown studies and flow cytometric cell sorting experiments demonstrated that PODXL is involved in GBM stem-like cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Compared to PODXL-negative cells, PODXL-positive cells had increased expression of the progenitor/stem cell markers Musashi1, SOX2, and BMI1. Finally, PODXL expression directly correlated with increasing glioma grade and was a marker for poor outcome in patients with GBM. In summary, we have demonstrated that PODXL is expressed in GBM stem-like cells and is involved in cell proliferation and oncosphere formation. Moreover, high PODXL expression correlates with increasing glioma grade and decreased overall survival in patients with GBM.

A new pest has been officially described in France in 2010. Drosophila suzukii (also called Spotted-wing Drosophila) attacks many species of fruits, before ripening, and economic consequences are very important. Because of a very high fecundity and a great lack of knowledge on this invasive pest, there is a high need of applied research to provide efficient techniques to conventional and also organic farmers. Indeed, organic cherry or strawberry production is directly threatened by this new pest. The poster presents different control strategies and state of art for each of them.

A new pest has been officially described in France in 2010. Drosophila suzukii (also called Spotted-wing Drosophila) attacks many species of fruits, before ripening, and economic consequences are very important. Because of a very high fecundity and a great lack of knowledge on this invasive pest, there is a high need of applied research to provide efficient techniques to conventional and also organic farmers. Indeed, organic cherry or strawberry production is directly threatened by this new pest. The poster presents different control strategies and state of art for each of them.

A new pest has been officially described in France in 2010. Drosophila suzukii (also called Spotted-wing Drosophila) attacks many species of fruits, before ripening, and economic consequences are very important. Because of a very high fecundity and a great lack of knowledge on this invasive pest, there is a high need of applied research to provide efficient techniques to conventional and also organic farmers. Indeed, organic cherry or strawberry production is directly threatened by this new pest. The poster presents different control strategies and state of art for each of them.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and corticosteroids are effective as initial treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), but little is known about the comparative risk-benefit profile of their long-term use in this disease. We compared the efficacy and tolerability of 6-month therapy with IVIg versus that with intravenous methylprednisolone. METHODS: We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group study in patients with CIDP. We assessed efficacy and tolerability of IVIg (0·5 g/kg per day for 4 consecutive days) and intravenous methylprednisolone (0·5 g in 250 mL sodium chloride solution per day for 4 consecutive days) given every month for 6 months. Eligible patients had to be in an active or stationary phase of the disease. Allocation to treatment was centrally managed with a computer-generated, 1:1 randomisation scheme with a sequential block size of four. All patients and assessors were unaware of the treatment assignment. After therapy discontinuation, patients were followed up for 6 months to assess relapses. The primary outcome was the difference in the number of patients discontinuing either therapy owing to inefficacy or intolerance. Secondary endpoints included the difference in the proportion of patients experiencing adverse events or worsening after therapy discontinuation. This study is registered with EUDRACT, number 2005-001136-76. FINDINGS: 45 patients (24 IVIg, 21 intravenous methylprednisolone) completed the study; one was excluded for inappropriate inclusion. More patients stopped methylprednisolone (11 [52%] of 21) than IVIg (three [13%] of 24; relative risk 0·54, 95% CI 0·34-0·87; p=0·0085). When adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, comorbidity, modified Rankin scale and ONLS scores at enrolment, and previous treatment with IVIg and steroids, the difference between the two groups remained significant (odds ratio 7·7, 95% CI 1·7-33·9; p=0·0070).

L’arboriculture fruitière représente 1% de la SAU française, soit 139 794 ha. Les vergers de pommes de table occupent 31.8% de cette surface (44 547ha) et ceux de pêchers 11.3% (16 587 ha). Le niveau 1, qualifiant l’agriculture raisonnée appliquée dans la majorité des vergers français, se traduit par des IFT totaux variant de 35 à 43 selon les bassins de production pour la pomme de table, et de 18 à 28 pour la pêche. Les principales pressions pour le pommier sont le carpocapse (Cydia pomonella), plus particulièrement dans le Sud-Est et la tavelure (Venturia inaequalis) plus particulièrement dans l’Ouest. Pour la pêche, il s’agit des pucerons (Myzus persicae et autres), de la tordeuse orientale (Cydia molesta) et de l’oïdium (Sphaerotheca pannosa). L’utilisation de la confusion sexuelle contre le carpocapse des pommes (qualifiant ici le niveau 2a) peut faire économiser 5 traitements en situation de pression moyenne. Elle est d’ores et déjà appliquée sur 50% du verger national de pommiers-poiriers. L’utilisation de variétés résistantes à la tavelure peut diminuer l’IFT de 4 à 9 points dans le niveau 2b. L’association de ces 2 techniques alternatives dans le niveau 2c permet d’obtenir des IFT totaux de 25 à 34 selon les bassins de production de pomme. En agriculture biologique (niveau 3), les IFT totaux s’élèvent à environ 26. Grâce à l’association de ces techniques alternatives à de la prophylaxie, à l’utilisation de variétés précoces et peu sensibles, à la pose de filets sur les vergers, ces IFT totaux pourraient sensiblement diminuer, sans toutefois atteindre une baisse de 50% par rapport au niveau 1. De plus, il faut tenir compte du fait que la résistance à la tavelure est déjà contournée dans certains bassins, et que la confusion sexuelle n’est pas efficace sur toutes les configurations de vergers. Une diminution de l’IFT global lié à l’arboriculture pourrait passer par l’adoption de nouvelles normes qualitatives des fruits, ou par une profonde re-conception du ve

L’arboriculture fruitière représente 1% de la SAU française, soit 139 794 ha. Les vergers de pommes de table occupent 31.8% de cette surface (44 547ha) et ceux de pêchers 11.3% (16 587 ha). Le niveau 1, qualifiant l’agriculture raisonnée appliquée dans la majorité des vergers français, se traduit par des IFT totaux variant de 35 à 43 selon les bassins de production pour la pomme de table, et de 18 à 28 pour la pêche. Les principales pressions pour le pommier sont le carpocapse (Cydia pomonella), plus particulièrement dans le Sud-Est et la tavelure (Venturia inaequalis) plus particulièrement dans l’Ouest. Pour la pêche, il s’agit des pucerons (Myzus persicae et autres), de la tordeuse orientale (Cydia molesta) et de l’oïdium (Sphaerotheca pannosa). L’utilisation de la confusion sexuelle contre le carpocapse des pommes (qualifiant ici le niveau 2a) peut faire économiser 5 traitements en situation de pression moyenne. Elle est d’ores et déjà appliquée sur 50% du verger national de pommiers-poiriers. L’utilisation de variétés résistantes à la tavelure peut diminuer l’IFT de 4 à 9 points dans le niveau 2b. L’association de ces 2 techniques alternatives dans le niveau 2c permet d’obtenir des IFT totaux de 25 à 34 selon les bassins de production de pomme. En agriculture biologique (niveau 3), les IFT totaux s’élèvent à environ 26. Grâce à l’association de ces techniques alternatives à de la prophylaxie, à l’utilisation de variétés précoces et peu sensibles, à la pose de filets sur les vergers, ces IFT totaux pourraient sensiblement diminuer, sans toutefois atteindre une baisse de 50% par rapport au niveau 1. De plus, il faut tenir compte du fait que la résistance à la tavelure est déjà contournée dans certains bassins, et que la confusion sexuelle n’est pas efficace sur toutes les configurations de vergers. Une diminution de l’IFT global lié à l’arboriculture pourrait passer par l’adoption de nouvelles normes qualitatives des fruits, ou par une profonde re-conception du ve

This dissertation explores various aspects of ‘Republicanism’ in the elite culture and political discourse of the Flavian-Trajanic period. Put another way, it is an examination of the ways in which Romans thought and talked about the period of the Republic during the Principate. Beginning with the rebellion of Iulius Vindex against Nero in the spring of AD 68, the individual chapters present a series of five moments when Rome's relationship to this past era of freedom (libertas) became relevant to elites living under the monarchical system that had supplanted it. This discussion seeks to wind together two modes of analysis. This first is an examination of the ways in which particular artifacts—political slogans about libertas, the monumental space of the Capitol, a handbook of exempla by Frontinus, Republican coins reissued by Trajan, and the cultural practice of oratory as discussed by Tacitus—functioned in the formulation of ideas about what the past meant in the present. Each kind of artifact imposed its own limitations on how the Republic was understood by posterity. The second mode of analysis centers more directly on the political and ideological uses to which the past was put. In general, emperors and senators sought to elide the differences between their own era and that of their Republican ancestors. Traditional gestures by ruler and subject created a notional continuity between present conditions and the moral inheritance of the past. It was sometimes difficult to maintain this sense of continuity, but these challenges only reinforced its importance. Whereas ‘Republicanism’ under the Principate is typically associated with political protest, appeals to the authority of the past were ultimately more useful to conformists who embraced the principate than to the conspicuous minority of ‘Cato—worshippers’ who rejected the current political order. To some members of the Roman elite, however, the contradictions inherent in this situation were apparent. Republica

A high speed digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) integrated circuit was successfully designed and implemented with Low Power Schottky technology. The Avionics Laboratory sponsored the development of the SN54LS297 DPLL IC, which was designed to become a standard Texas Instruments catalog part. This device uses strictly digital techniques to perform the first order phase-locked loop linear function and can be cascaded to form higher order phase filters. The center frequency and bandwidth are digitally programmable, and Q's of 8 to 130,000 can be obtained, making possible narrow-bandwidth phase tracking with higher resolution than conventional phase-locked loops. (Author)

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte