Search

On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 degrees C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 degrees C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC CoG ELECNANO) [766555]; Comunidad de Madrid [project QUIMTRONIC-CM] [Y2018/NMT-4783]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-108532GB-I00]; "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [SEV-2016-0686]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant [886314]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 degrees C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 degrees C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC CoG ELECNANO) [766555]; Comunidad de Madrid [project QUIMTRONIC-CM] [Y2018/NMT-4783]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-108532GB-I00]; "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [SEV-2016-0686]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant [886314]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 degrees C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 degrees C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC CoG ELECNANO) [766555]; Comunidad de Madrid [project QUIMTRONIC-CM] [Y2018/NMT-4783]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-108532GB-I00]; "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [SEV-2016-0686]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant [886314]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 degrees C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 degrees C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC CoG ELECNANO) [766555]; Comunidad de Madrid [project QUIMTRONIC-CM] [Y2018/NMT-4783]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-108532GB-I00]; "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [SEV-2016-0686]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant [886314]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 degrees C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 degrees C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC CoG ELECNANO) [766555]; Comunidad de Madrid [project QUIMTRONIC-CM] [Y2018/NMT-4783]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-108532GB-I00]; "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [SEV-2016-0686]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant [886314]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

Expanded porphyrins are large-cavity macro cycles with enormous potential in coordination chemistry, anion sensing, photodynamic therapy, and optoelectronics. In the last two decades, the surface science community has assessed the physicochemical properties of tetrapyrrolic-like macrocydes. However, to date, the sublimation, self-assembly and atomistic insights of expanded porphyrins on surfaces have remained elusive. Here, we show the self-assembly on Au(111) of an expanded aza-porphyrin, namely, an "expanded hemi-spatially-controlled porphyrazine", through a unique growth mechanism based on deprotonation long-range orientational self-assembly. Furthermore, a spatially controlled "writing" protocol on such self-assembled architecture is presented based on the STM tip-induced deprotonation of the inner protons of individual macrocydes. Finally, the capability of these surface-confined macrocydes to host lanthanide elements is assessed, introducing a novel off-centered coordination motif. The presented findings represent a milestone in the fields of porphyrinoid chemistry and surface science, revealing a great potential for novel surface patterning, opening new avenues for molecular level information storage, and boosting the emerging field of surface-confined coordination chemistry involving f-block elements., Funding Agencies|Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [RYC-2012-11133, FIS 2013-40667-P, CTQ2014-52869-P, FIS 2015-67287-P]; Comunidad de Madrid [S2013/MIT-2841, S2013/MIT-3007]; European Union; Russian Science Foundation [1423-00204-P]

Herein we report on the extraordinary thermal stability of similar to 35 nm Mg-nanograins that constitute the matrix of a Ti2AlC-Mg composite that has previously been shown to have excellent mechanical properties. The microstructure is so stable that heating the composite three times to 700 degrees C, which is 50 degrees C over the melting point of Mg, not only resulted in the repeated melting of the Mg, but surprisingly and within the resolution of our differential scanning calorimeter, did not lead to any coarsening. The reduction in the Mg melting point due to the nanograins was similar to 50 degrees C. X-ray diffraction and neutron spectroscopy results suggest that thin, amorphous, and/or poorly crystallized rutile, anatase, and/or magnesia layers separate the Mg nanograins and prevent them from coarsening. Clearly that layer is thin enough, and thus mechanically robust enough, to survive the melting and solidification stresses encountered during cycling. Annealing in hydrogen at 250 degrees C for 20 h, also did not seem to alter the grain size significantly.