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Fusarium circinatum, a fungal pathogen deadly to many Pinus species, can cause significant economic and ecological losses, especially if it were to become more widely established in Europe. Early detection tools with high-throughput capacity can increase our readiness to implement mitigation actions against new incursions. This study sought to develop a disease detection method based on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to detect F. circinatum on different Pinus species. The complete pipeline applied here, entailing gas chromatography—mass spectrometry of VOCs, automated data analysis and machine learning, distinguished diseased from healthy seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus radiata. In P. radiata, this distinction was possible even before the seedlings became visibly symptomatic, suggesting the possibility for this method to identify latently infected, yet healthy looking plants. Pinus pinea, which is known to be relatively resistant to F. circinatum, remained asymptomatic and showed no changes in VOCs over 28 days. In a separate analysis of in vitro VOCs collected from different species of Fusarium, we showed that even closely related Fusarium spp. can be readily distinguished based on their VOC profiles. The results further substantiate the potential for volatilomics to be used for early disease detection and diagnostic recognition.

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites containing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are obtained by melt mixing. MgO nanoparticles ca. 29 ± 2 nm are synthesized by sol–gel and organically modified on the surface with oleic acid (Mod-MgO), whose final concentration in the polymers is 3, 5, and 10 wt%. The presence of these nanoparticles did not affect the crystallization process of LDPE. However, Young's modulus increases with 10 wt% of Mod-MgO nanoparticles, rendering higher reinforcement effects with an increase as high as 48%. This affects the elongation at break, which decreases ca. 57% compared to neat LDPE. The storage and loss modulus of the LDPE/MgO and LDPE/Mod-MgO nanocomposites increases at room temperature and low temperatures (−150 to −50°C) compared to neat LDPE. SEM analysis showed that the organic modification of MgO nanoparticles improved their dispersion within the polymer matrix. Nanocomposites present antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, reaching an efficiency ca. 53%.

The dynamics of forest recovery after windthrows (i.e., broken or uprooted trees by wind) are poorly understood in tropical forests. The Northwestern Amazon (NWA) is characterized by a higher occurrence of windthrows, greater rainfall, and higher annual tree mortality rates (~2%) than the Central Amazon (CA). We combined forest inventory data from three sites in the Iquitos region of Peru, with recovery periods spanning 2, 12, and 22 years following windthrow events. Study sites and sampling areas were selected by assessing the windthrow severity using remote sensing. At each site, we recorded all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm along transects, capturing the range of windthrow severity from old-growth to highly disturbed (mortality > 60%) forest. Across all damage classes, tree density and basal area recovered to >90% of the old-growth values after 20 years. Aboveground biomass (AGB) in old-growth forest was 380 (±156) Mg ha−1 . In extremely disturbed areas, AGB was still reduced to 163 (±68) Mg ha−1 after 2 years and 323 (± 139) Mg ha−1 after 12 years. This recovery rate is ~50% faster than that reported for Central Amazon forests. The faster recovery of forest structure in our study region may be a function of its higher productivity and adaptability to more frequent and severe windthrows. These varying rates of recovery highlight the importance of extreme wind and rainfall on shaping gradients of forest structure in the Amazon, and the different vulnerabilities of these forests to natural disturbances whose severity and frequency are being altered by climate change.

The dynamics of forest recovery after windthrows (i.e., broken or uprooted trees by wind) are poorly understood in tropical forests. The Northwestern Amazon (NWA) is characterized by a higher occurrence of windthrows, greater rainfall, and higher annual tree mortality rates (~2%) than the Central Amazon (CA). We combined forest inventory data from three sites in the Iquitos region of Peru, with recovery periods spanning 2, 12, and 22 years following windthrow events. Study sites and sampling areas were selected by assessing the windthrow severity using remote sensing. At each site, we recorded all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm along transects, capturing the range of windthrow severity from old-growth to highly disturbed (mortality > 60%) forest. Across all damage classes, tree density and basal area recovered to >90% of the old-growth values after 20 years. Aboveground biomass (AGB) in old-growth forest was 380 (±156) Mg ha−1 . In extremely disturbed areas, AGB was still reduced to 163 (±68) Mg ha−1 after 2 years and 323 (± 139) Mg ha−1 after 12 years. This recovery rate is ~50% faster than that reported for Central Amazon forests. The faster recovery of forest structure in our study region may be a function of its higher productivity and adaptability to more frequent and severe windthrows. These varying rates of recovery highlight the importance of extreme wind and rainfall on shaping gradients of forest structure in the Amazon, and the different vulnerabilities of these forests to natural disturbances whose severity and frequency are being altered by climate change.

The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional power sources; therefore, the capacity value of wind power is smaller than that of conventional plants. This article presents an overview of the adequacy challenge, how wind power is handled in the regulation of capacity adequacy, and how wind power is treated in a selection of jurisdictions. The jurisdictions included in the overview are Sweden, Great Britain, France, Ireland, United States (PJM and ERCOT), Finland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands., QC 20220426

Improving the efficiency of management in protected areas is imperative in a generalized context of limited conservation budgets. However, this is overlooked due to flaws in problem definition, general disregard for cost information, and a lack of suitable tools for measuring costs and management quality. This study describes an innovative methodological framework, implemented in the web application SIGEIN, focused on maximizing the quality of management against its costs, establishing an explicit justification for any decision. The tool integrates, with this aim, a procedure for prioritizing management objects according to a conservation value, modified by a functional criterion; a project management module; and a module for management of continuous assessment. This appraisal associates the relevance of the conservation targets, the efficacy of the methods employed, both resource and personnel investments, and the resulting costs. Preliminary results of a prototypical SIGEIN application on the Site of Community Importance Chafarinas Islands are included., Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (España), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting the need for TRAIL-sensitizing agents. Here we report that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3 alpha or GSK-3 beta. In contrast, depletion of GSK-3 beta, but not GSK-3 alpha, sensitized PDA cell lines to TNF alpha-induced cell death. Further experiments demonstrated that TNF alpha-stimulated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation as well as p65 nuclear translocation were normal in GSK-3 beta-deficient MEFs. Nonetheless, inhibition of GSK-3 beta function in MEFs or PDA cell lines impaired the expression of the NF-kappa B target genes Bcl-xL and cIAP2, but not I kappa B alpha. Significantly, the expression of Bcl-xL and cIAP2 could be reestablished by expression of GSK-3 beta targeted to the nucleus but not GSK-3 beta targeted to the cytoplasm, suggesting that GSK-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B function within the nucleus. Consistent with this notion, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition resulted in either decreased p65 binding to the promoter of BIR3, which encodes cIAP2, or increased p50 binding as well as recruitment of SIRT1 and HDAC3 to the promoter of BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-xL. Importantly, depletion of Bcl-xL but not cIAP2, mimicked the sensitizing effect of GSK-3 inhibition on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-xL overexpression ameliorated the sensitization by GSK-3 inhibition. These results not only suggest that GSK-3 beta overexpression and nuclear localization contribute to TNF alpha and TRAIL resistance via anti-apoptotic NF-kappa B genes such as Bcl-xL, but also provide a rationale for further exploration of GSK-3 inhibitors combined with TRAIL for the treatment of PD

Recently, Spain witnessed the emergence and widespread of the concept of ‘obstetric violence’. Some legal texts appeared in Latin-America (Venezuela 2007, Mexico 2007-2014, Argentina 2009), activists and scholars define the concept of 'obstetric violence' as a kind of gender-based violence exercised by healthcare personnel on women and fetuses/children during pregnancy and childbirth. This takes place in form of dehumanized treatments, medicalization and pathologizing of women’s reproductive processes through the appropriation of their bodies, reproductive capacities and sexuality. Harmful practices that have been reported in case files include: the denial of information about the procedures employed during the labor process, humiliations and miscarrying attitudes, excessive rates of cesarean birth, routine medical practices that do not have proven advantages for women and fetuses/children's welfare ( enemas, episiotomies, sedatives, supine position as mandatory, or practices that have been proven risky as the Kristeller‘s method).. The reports made under the label of obstetric violence generally express severe misgiving about the medicalizing approach, professional authoritarianism and sexist attitudes towards pregnant women within the current healthcare system. Through the case of Spain this research aims to understand what are the possibilities of the concept of 'obstetric violence' to raise awareness about the patriarchal, medicalizing and authoritarian practices that seem to take place within the field of obstetrics, since the concept has begun to be used within different movements related to respected childbirth claims in the country. The research departs from the work done by the biopolitical and feminist approaches to healthcare, the issues addressed by women's health movements, the sexual and reproductive rights advocacy and respected childbirth's statements in the Western context, with special emphasis in the context of Spain.

While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting the need for TRAIL-sensitizing agents. Here we report that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3 alpha or GSK-3 beta. In contrast, depletion of GSK-3 beta, but not GSK-3 alpha, sensitized PDA cell lines to TNF alpha-induced cell death. Further experiments demonstrated that TNF alpha-stimulated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation as well as p65 nuclear translocation were normal in GSK-3 beta-deficient MEFs. Nonetheless, inhibition of GSK-3 beta function in MEFs or PDA cell lines impaired the expression of the NF-kappa B target genes Bcl-xL and cIAP2, but not I kappa B alpha. Significantly, the expression of Bcl-xL and cIAP2 could be reestablished by expression of GSK-3 beta targeted to the nucleus but not GSK-3 beta targeted to the cytoplasm, suggesting that GSK-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B function within the nucleus. Consistent with this notion, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition resulted in either decreased p65 binding to the promoter of BIR3, which encodes cIAP2, or increased p50 binding as well as recruitment of SIRT1 and HDAC3 to the promoter of BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-xL. Importantly, depletion of Bcl-xL but not cIAP2, mimicked the sensitizing effect of GSK-3 inhibition on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-xL overexpression ameliorated the sensitization by GSK-3 inhibition. These results not only suggest that GSK-3 beta overexpression and nuclear localization contribute to TNF alpha and TRAIL resistance via anti-apoptotic NF-kappa B genes such as Bcl-xL, but also provide a rationale for further exploration of GSK-3 inhibitors combined with TRAIL for the treatment of PD

While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting the need for TRAIL-sensitizing agents. Here we report that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3 alpha or GSK-3 beta. In contrast, depletion of GSK-3 beta, but not GSK-3 alpha, sensitized PDA cell lines to TNF alpha-induced cell death. Further experiments demonstrated that TNF alpha-stimulated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation as well as p65 nuclear translocation were normal in GSK-3 beta-deficient MEFs. Nonetheless, inhibition of GSK-3 beta function in MEFs or PDA cell lines impaired the expression of the NF-kappa B target genes Bcl-xL and cIAP2, but not I kappa B alpha. Significantly, the expression of Bcl-xL and cIAP2 could be reestablished by expression of GSK-3 beta targeted to the nucleus but not GSK-3 beta targeted to the cytoplasm, suggesting that GSK-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B function within the nucleus. Consistent with this notion, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition resulted in either decreased p65 binding to the promoter of BIR3, which encodes cIAP2, or increased p50 binding as well as recruitment of SIRT1 and HDAC3 to the promoter of BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-xL. Importantly, depletion of Bcl-xL but not cIAP2, mimicked the sensitizing effect of GSK-3 inhibition on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-xL overexpression ameliorated the sensitization by GSK-3 inhibition. These results not only suggest that GSK-3 beta overexpression and nuclear localization contribute to TNF alpha and TRAIL resistance via anti-apoptotic NF-kappa B genes such as Bcl-xL, but also provide a rationale for further exploration of GSK-3 inhibitors combined with TRAIL for the treatment of PD

Recently, Spain witnessed the emergence and widespread of the concept of ‘obstetric violence’. Some legal texts appeared in Latin-America (Venezuela 2007, Mexico 2007-2014, Argentina 2009), activists and scholars define the concept of 'obstetric violence' as a kind of gender-based violence exercised by healthcare personnel on women and fetuses/children during pregnancy and childbirth. This takes place in form of dehumanized treatments, medicalization and pathologizing of women’s reproductive processes through the appropriation of their bodies, reproductive capacities and sexuality. Harmful practices that have been reported in case files include: the denial of information about the procedures employed during the labor process, humiliations and miscarrying attitudes, excessive rates of cesarean birth, routine medical practices that do not have proven advantages for women and fetuses/children's welfare ( enemas, episiotomies, sedatives, supine position as mandatory, or practices that have been proven risky as the Kristeller‘s method).. The reports made under the label of obstetric violence generally express severe misgiving about the medicalizing approach, professional authoritarianism and sexist attitudes towards pregnant women within the current healthcare system. Through the case of Spain this research aims to understand what are the possibilities of the concept of 'obstetric violence' to raise awareness about the patriarchal, medicalizing and authoritarian practices that seem to take place within the field of obstetrics, since the concept has begun to be used within different movements related to respected childbirth claims in the country. The research departs from the work done by the biopolitical and feminist approaches to healthcare, the issues addressed by women's health movements, the sexual and reproductive rights advocacy and respected childbirth's statements in the Western context, with special emphasis in the context of Spain.

Background. Seated posture is an essential element in global physical therapy evaluations, in analysis in the field of ergonomics and for the prescription of wheelchairs. Existing methods of seated posture do not offer the combination of measuring posture comprehensively in an easy and economic way.Objective. To adapt a tri-planar standing postural measurement method to sitting.Materials and methods. Units of analysis include the tri-planar measurement method in standing, GOSS method, and primary and secondary reference documents.Results. The GOSS-Petrocci method, which include the identification of the parameters (the reference system, the body segments, body reference points) and the mechanisms (the measurement instruments and the measurement protocol) of seated posture.Conclusion. The GOSS-Petrocci method is used to measure seated posture in three planes comprehensively, using photometry, which permits the understanding of posture according to the position of greatest stability/ideal posture and can be easily implemented in a clinical setting., Antecedentes. La postura en sedente es un elemento esencial en la valoración global fisioterapéutica, el análisis en el campo de la ergonomía y la prescripción de silla de ruedas. De los métodos existentes, ninguno ofrece la combinación de ser comprensivo con el uso de técnicas de medición fáciles de implementar y económicas.Objetivo. Adaptar un método de medición tri-planar de la postura en bípedo a sedente.Materiales y métodos. Unidades de análisis incluyen el método de medición tri-planar de la postura en bípedo GOSS y documentos de referencia primaria y secundaria.Resultados. El método de medición GOSS-Petrocci identifica los parámetros (el sistema de referencia, los segmentos corporales, los puntos de referencia corporal) y los mecanismos (los instrumentos de medición y el protocolo de medición) de la postura en sedente.Conclusión. El método GOSS-Petrocci se utiliza para medir la postura en sedente en tres planos de manera comprensivo, utilizando fotometría lo cual permite entender la postura de acuerdo a la posición de mayor estabilidad/postura ideal y permite una implementación fácil en el ámbito clínico.

Background. Seated posture is an essential element in global physical therapy evaluations, in analysis in the field of ergonomics and for the prescription of wheelchairs. Existing methods of seated posture do not offer the combination of measuring posture comprehensively in an easy and economic way.Objective. To adapt a tri-planar standing postural measurement method to sitting.Materials and methods. Units of analysis include the tri-planar measurement method in standing, GOSS method, and primary and secondary reference documents.Results. The GOSS-Petrocci method, which include the identification of the parameters (the reference system, the body segments, body reference points) and the mechanisms (the measurement instruments and the measurement protocol) of seated posture.Conclusion. The GOSS-Petrocci method is used to measure seated posture in three planes comprehensively, using photometry, which permits the understanding of posture according to the position of greatest stability/ideal posture and can be easily implemented in a clinical setting., Antecedentes. La postura en sedente es un elemento esencial en la valoración global fisioterapéutica, el análisis en el campo de la ergonomía y la prescripción de silla de ruedas. De los métodos existentes, ninguno ofrece la combinación de ser comprensivo con el uso de técnicas de medición fáciles de implementar y económicas.Objetivo. Adaptar un método de medición tri-planar de la postura en bípedo a sedente.Materiales y métodos. Unidades de análisis incluyen el método de medición tri-planar de la postura en bípedo GOSS y documentos de referencia primaria y secundaria.Resultados. El método de medición GOSS-Petrocci identifica los parámetros (el sistema de referencia, los segmentos corporales, los puntos de referencia corporal) y los mecanismos (los instrumentos de medición y el protocolo de medición) de la postura en sedente.Conclusión. El método GOSS-Petrocci se utiliza para medir la postura en sedente en tres planos de manera comprensivo, utilizando fotometría lo cual permite entender la postura de acuerdo a la posición de mayor estabilidad/postura ideal y permite una implementación fácil en el ámbito clínico.

Hydropower is a potential large source of electricity supply in Wales. The Upper River Severn in Mid Wales is a typical stream where a high head hydropower scheme could be developed and the river system at Plynlimon has some of the longest records for weather and flow in Wales. A micro-hydropower potential of 99 kW is demonstrated at Plynlimon and the potential impacts of climate change are simulated to assess the effects on flows and power outputs of such schemes under climate uncertainty. Based on UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) projections, the impacts of climate change are to significantly decrease both the stream flows and energy production during summer months but to increase flows and power production in the winter, with a net tendency to cancel out over the course of a full year. A methodology for assessing impacts of climate change on hydropower is established, which could be applied more widely to other potential hydropower sites such as lowland rivers or high base flow rivers in other parts of the UK. This will be useful for developers, water companies and environmental agencies to assess hydropower potential, economic viability and environmental impacts of micro-hydropower, under future climate change.

pH and chlorinity content of estuarine water and behavior in the concentration of some heavy metals characteristics of acid mine drainage in the suspended matter and dissolved phase have allowed the identification of two mixing process in the Odiel-Tinto rivers estuary: a salt-induced mixing typical of marine estuaries and an acid neutralization process as a result of the mixture of acid fluvial water coming from the drainage basins, which are affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). Thus, the estuary is divided into three zones: (1) zone with acid water and with precipitation of sulphate phases during the beginning of the process of neutralization in the absence of salt-induced mixing, (2) zone with pH values between 4.5 and 7 where a removal of heavy metals in their dissolved phase is produced by coexistence of both mixture processes, and (3) zone where water is slightly basic and the salt-induced mixing produces a redissolution of some elements. Spatial location and extent of these zones within the estuarine system have seasonal variations depending on the volume of fluvial discharge.

Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains involved in cell signalling and characterized by their high contents of sphingolipids, cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. In this study, we have purified lipid rafts of human frontal brain cortex from normal and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cell membranes and analyzed their lipid composition. Compared to non-AD brains, lipid rafts from AD brains displayed low levels of n-3 long chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) specially 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) and n-9 monoenes (specially 18:1n-9, oleic acid). Changes in lipid structure of AD lipid rafts also involved significant reductions in the unsaturation and peroxidability indexes as well as increased unsaturated/cholesterol unsaturated/sphingomyelin and saturates/n-3 HUFA ratios. These results indicate that the mechanisms preserving lipid raft order and viscosity in normal frontal cortex are disrupted in AD brains, which partially might explain the abnormal intracellular signalling mechanisms observed during AD.

The Cuban forests have suffered an indiscriminate exploitation in the past. In spite of the efforts carried out with the reforestation plans and the establishment of plantations, the structure for ages of these plantations are unbalanced. It is difficult to make a stable flow of goods and services. In this paper the evolution of a model of forest planning based on multiple approaches is presented. It was applied to a plantation of Pinus caribaea of the Integral Forest Enterprice of “Pinar del Río” in Cuba, with the main goal of achieving a balanced structure of ages at the end of the planning horizon in order to guarantee a stability in the flow of goods and services taking into account the area restrictions and the general amount and management. The model goes from a Linear Lexicographical Goal Programming Model to a Linear Fractional Goal Programming Model. Their objectives have been in progress in the attainment of a structure of ages in balance until the stabilization of the net carbon fixed by the plantation. It is one of the functions of the forests like possible regulators of the climate. The models I and II detailed can be consulted in the references. In these work we will refer to the main proposed objectives and the results obtained in each of them and we will formalize the third modelización that includes the captured carbon, Los bosques cubanos sufrieron una explotación indiscriminada en el pasado. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados con los planes de reforestación, y el establecimiento de plantaciones, la estructura por edades de estos bosques está muy desequilibrada, lo que dificulta un flujo estable de bienes y servicios. En este trabajo se presenta la evolución de un modelo de planificación forestal con criterios múltiples, aplicado a una plantación de Pinus caribaea de la Empresa Forestal Integral Pinar del Río, Cuba, con el objetivo de lograr una estructura equilibrada de edades al finalizar el horizonte de planificación y con ello garantizar una estabilidad en el flujo de bienes y servicios sujeto a restricciones de área, volumen y manejo en general. El modelo se apoya en la Programación por Metas y evoluciona de un modelo de Programación por Metas lexicográficas lineal a un Modelo lexicográfico con metas Fraccionales. Sus objetivos también han evolucionado, de la consecución de una estructura de edades en equilibrio hasta la estabilización del carbono neto fijado por la plantación, una de las funciones de los bosques como posibles reguladores del clima. Los modelaciones I y II detalladas se pueden consultar en las referencias. En el presente trabajo nos referiremos a los principales objetivos propuestos y los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de ellos y formalizaremos la tercera modelación que incluye el carbono secuestrado.

Este trabajo utiliza el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) para estudiar la eficiencia técnica en el conjunto de una universidad, junto con un análisis cluster que ayuda a explicar los aspectos más ventajosos y debilidades de las unidades evaluadas. Por otra parte, también se realiza un análisis contextualizado en cada una de las cinco ramas de conocimiento, acercándonos así todavía más a la realidad de las unidades funcionales con mayor afinidad científica y objetivos docentes más coincidentes. En definitiva, aporta un modelo que suministra una información detallada y objetiva de las causas de las (in)eficiencias de las unidades productivas evaluadas, lo cual constituye una ayuda a la toma de decisiones de los órganos de gobierno de una determinada universidad.

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of disorders caused by deficience of lysosomal enzymes needed for the stepwisedegradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). Depending on the enzyme deficiency, the catabolism of dermatansulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate may be blocked, singly or in combination. Undegradedglycosaminoglycan molecules are stored in lysosomes. Their accumulation eventually results in cell, tissue, or organ dysfunction.To date, 10 enzymes deficiences that give rise to MPS have been identificated. This review gives some information over thismolecules, their function, clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic posibilities., Dentro de las innumerables enfermedades consideradas como errores innatos del metabolismo, se encuentran lasmucopolisacaridosis (MPS), pertenecientes al grupo de las enfermedades de almacenamiento o depósito lisosomal, quesiendo muy variadas obedecen a deficiencias enzimáticas específicas y se generan por alteración en la función de las enzimasencargadas de degradar los glucosaminoglicanos (GAGs) Dermatán Sulfato, Queratán Sulfato, Heparán Sulfato, CondroitínSulfato y Acido Hialurónico. Estas moléculas son polisacáridos que hacen parte estructural del tejido conectivo o bien dealgunos fluidos corporales como el líquido sinovial y el humor vítreo. La alteración en la actividad de las enzimas encargadasde su catabolismo tiene consecuencias graves para el organismo humano. Hacemos a continuación una revisión del estadodel arte en cada uno de los tipos de MPS, haciendo énfasis en aspectos como son la estructura y función de los GAGs ennuestro organismo, la genética involucrada en la génesis de estas patologías, su enfoque diagnóstico y su posible tratamiento.

El sesgo condicionado se ha propuesto como diagn ´ostico de influencia en distintos modelos y t´ecnicas estad´ısticas. Tratando de recoger una visi ´on global de la utilidad del concepto, en este trabajo se hace una revisi ´on general del mismo relacion ´andolo con la curva de sensibilidad y la curva de influencia muestral. Adem ´as, se se˜nalan posibles l´ıneas de trabajo que permitir´an abordar el an ´alisis de la influencia a trav´es de este enfoque en una gran variedad de t ´ecnicas estad´ısticas.

El sesgo condicionado se ha propuesto como diagn ´ostico de influencia en distintos modelos y t´ecnicas estad´ısticas. Tratando de recoger una visi ´on global de la utilidad del concepto, en este trabajo se hace una revisi ´on general del mismo relacion ´andolo con la curva de sensibilidad y la curva de influencia muestral. Adem ´as, se se˜nalan posibles l´ıneas de trabajo que permitir´an abordar el an ´alisis de la influencia a trav´es de este enfoque en una gran variedad de t ´ecnicas estad´ısticas.

[EN] Using an ultrasonic-assisted high compression roller mill, a systematic study of the quartz mill is presented. By means of a statistical factors experimental design the effect of different grinding parameters were examined. The effect on the material flow, the energy expense and the product size was registered covering three levels. The results indicate that the ultrasound reduces the energy expense significantly. Other factors as the process capacity or the size of the product do not show significant effects by the presence or magnitude of ultrasound., [ES] Se presenta un estudio sistemático de la molienda de cuarzo utilizando un molino de rodillos de alta presión que opera con ultrasonidos. Mediante un diseño experimental estadístico por factores se examinó el efecto de la velocidad de los rodillos, el tamaño de alimentación fresca, la relación entre la separación de los rodillos y el tamaño de alimentación, y el nivel de potencia ultrasónica aplicado en los rodillos, cubriendo este último tres niveles. Se registró el efecto sobre el flujo de material, el gasto energético y el tamaño de producto., Los resultados indican que los ultrasonidos reducen significativamente el gasto de energía, lo que se expresa en un menor torque ejercido por el motor, en un menor consumo de potencia y en consumos específicos de energía por unidad de material procesado que pueden ser menores aún incluyendo el gasto de energía en generar ultrasonidos. Otros factores tales como la capacidad de proceso o el tamaño del producto no muestran efectos significativos generados por la presencia o magnitud de los ultrasonidos.

Se analizan en este trabajo hallazgos funerarios de Carmona (Sevilla) que en su mayor parte se inscriben en los inicios de la Edad del Bronce de la región, con fechas comprendidas en la primera mitad del II milenio a.C. El registro habitacional y funerario permite definir con caracteres propios el desarrollo de esta etapa histórica en la región de Los Alcores sevillanos, sincrónico pero diferenciado de los procesos mejor conocidos en las áreas vecinas del Bronce del Suroeste y de El Argar con las que sin duda comparte también no pocos rasgos. Adultos y niños recibieron sepultura en fosas y covachas que, aisladas o en pequeños grupos, se han documentado tanto dentro como fuera de la zona de hábitat situada en el recinto intramuros de la ciudad actual.

Se analizan en este trabajo hallazgos funerarios de Carmona (Sevilla) que en su mayor parte se inscriben en los inicios de la Edad del Bronce de la región, con fechas comprendidas en la primera mitad del II milenio a.C. El registro habitacional y funerario permite definir con caracteres propios el desarrollo de esta etapa histórica en la región de Los Alcores sevillanos, sincrónico pero diferenciado de los procesos mejor conocidos en las áreas vecinas del Bronce del Suroeste y de El Argar con las que sin duda comparte también no pocos rasgos. Adultos y niños recibieron sepultura en fosas y covachas que, aisladas o en pequeños grupos, se han documentado tanto dentro como fuera de la zona de hábitat situada en el recinto intramuros de la ciudad actual.

[EN] Using an ultrasonic-assisted high compression roller mill, a systematic study of the quartz mill is presented. By means of a statistical factors experimental design the effect of different grinding parameters were examined. The effect on the material flow, the energy expense and the product size was registered covering three levels. The results indicate that the ultrasound reduces the energy expense significantly. Other factors as the process capacity or the size of the product do not show significant effects by the presence or magnitude of ultrasound., [ES] Se presenta un estudio sistemático de la molienda de cuarzo utilizando un molino de rodillos de alta presión que opera con ultrasonidos. Mediante un diseño experimental estadístico por factores se examinó el efecto de la velocidad de los rodillos, el tamaño de alimentación fresca, la relación entre la separación de los rodillos y el tamaño de alimentación, y el nivel de potencia ultrasónica aplicado en los rodillos, cubriendo este último tres niveles. Se registró el efecto sobre el flujo de material, el gasto energético y el tamaño de producto., Los resultados indican que los ultrasonidos reducen significativamente el gasto de energía, lo que se expresa en un menor torque ejercido por el motor, en un menor consumo de potencia y en consumos específicos de energía por unidad de material procesado que pueden ser menores aún incluyendo el gasto de energía en generar ultrasonidos. Otros factores tales como la capacidad de proceso o el tamaño del producto no muestran efectos significativos generados por la presencia o magnitud de los ultrasonidos.

La presente investigación se propone detectar como objetivo general cuál es el efecto psicologico del trote regular y dirigido. Para detectar los efectos psicológicos del trote se tuvo en cuenta la teoría de personalidad de Eysenck, la cual contempla las dimensiones: neuroticismo, intraversión-extraversión. También se utilizó un cuestionario de autopercepción del estado psicológico.Sé deserrolló esta investigación en el marco del programa para la Salud Psicofisica de la Universidad de Antioqula.