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Animals need energy, obtained by consuming and metabolizing food, to perform tasks required for survival and reproduction. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) quantifies the total metabolic processes in the body by measuring an organism's respiration. Plethodon cinereus, the eastern red-backed salamander, use their skin as a gas exchange surface in a process called cutaneous respiration which is efficient in cool, moist environments. As ectotherms, the internal body temperature of a salamander and its metabolism are dependent on the environmental temperature. Increased environmental temperatures cause an increase in the metabolic rate and total energy consumption of salamanders; therefore, increased temperatures such as from global warming could impact their survival, especially those that rely on cutaneous respiration. We used stop-flow respirometry to measure the SMRs of Plethodon cinereus collected from a warmer and a cooler environment and hypothesized that the salamanders from the warmer environment would have lower SMRs due to plasticity or physiological adjustments made in response to environmental cues. The warmer site was higher in elevation and contained slightly less canopy cover than the cooler site which contained a creek and thick tree cover. Additionally, the warmer site experienced a prescribed burn two years before collection. Controlled burns, performed to maintain forest health, can cause an increase in temperature and a reduction in vegetative shade. In the trial 44 days post-collection, we found a difference between the groups with the salamanders from the warmer site having lower SMRs at 10, 15, and 20°C. However, we found no significant difference during the second trial, 169 days post-collection. We conclude that plasticity and the Bogert effect might explain the difference in the results between both trials.

How we see the world and ourselves in relation to it is largely achieved by the lens we are looking through and associated experiences within this relationship. This is additionally true when considering the acknowledged fact that Indigenous Knowledges are derived from natural and cultural sources and these assist in constituting the cultural identities of those Peoples associated with these sources. Presently there is a hunger for access and use of Indigenous Knowledges (IK) as never before seen in public ways, through a national Call for collaborative means to apply these knowledges to such as the issues we globally face as a result of Climate Change. What are Indigenous Knowledges? How are they created? Who holds these and can utilize them in public ways? These questions are an embedded aspect of this Call that requires attention. Further, what impacts exist that benefit, but also challenge, the endeavor to utilize Indigenous Knowledges outside local areas where they are derived? What of these sacred ways of knowing are being negotiated to attain their use? Five areas of concern were identified in response to these questions through application of An Indigenous Research Way (AIRW), a novel continuous improvement model for implementing Indigenous Research Methodologies and Methods, within research design and practice. Synthesizing these concerns into three themes, Education, Technology, and Tribal Leader Decision-Making, awareness was revealed of these as first level and gateway impacts. Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing operationalizes Indigenous worldviews about relationality and this as central to how Indigenous Knowledges Systems (IKS) are created and in turn create Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledges (ITEK). Understanding how we “see” ourselves in relation to this process is imperative. A burgeoning method for seeing landscapes, and they as sources of IK, is through use of remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This Pha

AIMS: To determine the effect of TTP399, a hepatoselective glucokinase activator, on the risk of ketoacidosis during insulin withdrawal in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three participants with T1D using insulin pump therapy were randomized to 800 mg TTP399 (n = 12) or placebo (n = 11) for 7 to 10 days. After the treatment period, an insulin withdrawal test (IWT) was performed, during which insulin pumps were removed to induce ketogenesis. The IWT was stopped after 10 hours or if blood glucose reached >399 mg/dL [22.1 mmol/L], if beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was >3.0 mmol/L, or for patient discomfort. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who reached BHB concentrations of 1 mmol/L or greater. RESULTS: During the 7- to 10-day treatment period, mean fasting plasma glucose was significantly reduced ( -27.6 vs. -4.4 mg/dL [-1.5 vs. -0.2 mmol/L]; P = 0.03) and there were fewer adverse events, including hypoglycaemia, in the TTP399-treated arm. During the IWT, no differences were observed between TTP399 and placebo in mean serum BHB concentration, mean duration of IWT, or BHB at termination of IWT. However, serum bicarbonate was numerically higher and urine acetoacetate was quantitatively lower in the TTP399-treated participants. As a result of higher bicarbonate values, none of the TTP399-treated participants met the prespecified criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), defined as BHB >3 mmol/L and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L, compared to 42% of placebo-treated participants. CONCLUSIONS: When used as an adjunctive therapy to insulin, TTP399 improves glycaemia without increasing hypoglycaemia in individuals with T1D. During acute insulin withdrawal, TTP399 did not increase BHB concentrations and decreased the incidence of DKA.

The objective of this dissertation was to design and study a transformative model of climate change education that foregrounded sociopolitical processes and was socially relevant to Black and Latinx urban high school students. The intervention was implemented at the Mann-UCLA Community School in South Los Angeles while distance learning was mandated by the COVID-19 pandemic and was part of a research-practice partnership with a chemistry teacher. Using the Participatory Design Research methodology, I designed the learning context and documented how this instructional model structured classroom engagement and supported the outcomes of learning climate science and developing critical climate awareness. A mixed methods approach was used for analysis of data including pre/post assessments of climate science knowledge and climate concern, formative assessments of critical awareness of climate change, classroom artifacts, classroom observations, and interviews with focal students. Findings on classroom engagement, organized with the Connective and Productive Disciplinary Engagement framework, show that organizing instruction around the sociopolitical dimensions of climate change was productive. Participation was structured around students’ critical awareness of social issues in their community and their imagined futures when they could participate in the transition to low-emission energy sources. Student engagement embodied the four principles of Connective and Productive Disciplinary Engagement more strongly over time as they grappled with authentic problems of climate change in their community. The sociopolitical framing of climate change was also productive for learning climate science concepts and developing students’ critical climate awareness. Findings show a statistically significant improvement in students’ understanding of canonical scientific concepts and a shift towards awareness of and concern about climate change. Performance on formative assessments shows st

Undocumented youth have been powerful leaders in the undocumented immigrant rights movement to advance a more just society for immigrant communities (Nicholls, 2013; Perez, 2016). Community colleges are important spaces in the higher education sector because most undocumented college students attend community colleges (Teranishi et al., 2011). This dissertation study seeks to better understand the priorities and experiences of undocumented community college students who organize for institutional support for undocumented students. This study is guided by theories on counter-spaces in Critical Race Theory (Solorzano et al., 2000), spaces where Students of Color create a sense of safety and community with each other. The methods for this study are a case study of one community college in California, Western College (pseudonym), that has robust programs for undocumented students such as an Undocumented Student Resource Center and a designated staff position that works with undocumented students. Research questions asked how undocumented students organized for programs at Western College from 2006 to 2021, how they navigated power dynamics on campus, and how they reflected on their experiences. Data collection comprised 26 interviews with 11 undocumented student alumni, five current students attending Western College in 2021, and eight staff and faculty. I also analyzed over 50 documents such as webpages and institutional statements. Findings show how undocumented students envisioned building a counter-space for undocumented students where they could feel safe and comfortable away from the dominant campus culture of exclusion and hostility. They wanted support and guidance from staff, faculty, and administrators, but they made it clear they aspired to maintain the essence of a counter-space by keeping their programs student-led. As they reflected on their experiences, they were impressed by the number of resources available at their 4-year universities once they transfe

Inflammation associated with increased risk of comorbidities persists in people living with HIV (PWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). A recent placebo-controlled trial of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in PWH found that numbers of total CD4 and CD8 T cells decreased in the low-dose MTX arm. In this report we analyzed T cell phenotypes and additional plasma inflammatory indices in samples from the trial. We found that cycling (Ki67+) T cells lacking Bcl-2 were reduced by MTX but plasma inflammatory cytokines were largely unaffected. In a series of in vitro experiments to further investigate the mechanisms of MTX activity, we found that MTX did not inhibit effector cytokine production but inhibited T cell proliferation downstream of mTOR activation, mitochondrial function, and cell cycle entry. This inhibitory effect was reversible with folinic acid, suggesting low-dose MTX exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in PWH largely by blocking T cell proliferation via dihydrofolate reductase inhibition, yet daily administration of folic acid did not rescue this effect in trial participants. Our findings identify the main mechanism of action of this widely used anti-inflammatory medicine in PWH and may provide insight into how MTX works in the setting of other inflammatory conditions.

The Congressional Review Act (CRA) permits Congress to overturn rules issued by federal agencies with a simple majority in each chamber. Traditionally, the CRA has been used as a negative tool, to cancel regulations adopted during the prior administration, including the 14 Obama-era rules Congress overturned during the first four months of the Trump administration. This Issue Brief by Professors Jody Freeman and Matthew Stephenson of Harvard Law School argues that the CRA's fast-track procedures have "substantially greater unrealized potential" and could be used as an affirmative tool to advance policy priorities without being subject to filibuster. In light of unprecedented congressional obstructionism, Freeman and Stephenson argue that exploring this nontraditional use of the CRA is "essential to the health of our democracy" and to returning Congress to its job of legislating.

Inflammation associated with increased risk of comorbidities persists in people living with HIV (PWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). A recent placebo-controlled trial of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in PWH found that numbers of total CD4 and CD8 T cells decreased in the low-dose MTX arm. In this report we analyzed T cell phenotypes and additional plasma inflammatory indices in samples from the trial. We found that cycling (Ki67+) T cells lacking Bcl-2 were reduced by MTX but plasma inflammatory cytokines were largely unaffected. In a series of in vitro experiments to further investigate the mechanisms of MTX activity, we found that MTX did not inhibit effector cytokine production but inhibited T cell proliferation downstream of mTOR activation, mitochondrial function, and cell cycle entry. This inhibitory effect was reversible with folinic acid, suggesting low-dose MTX exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in PWH largely by blocking T cell proliferation via dihydrofolate reductase inhibition, yet daily administration of folic acid did not rescue this effect in trial participants. Our findings identify the main mechanism of action of this widely used anti-inflammatory medicine in PWH and may provide insight into how MTX works in the setting of other inflammatory conditions.

Undocumented youth have been powerful leaders in the undocumented immigrant rights movement to advance a more just society for immigrant communities (Nicholls, 2013; Perez, 2016). Community colleges are important spaces in the higher education sector because most undocumented college students attend community colleges (Teranishi et al., 2011). This dissertation study seeks to better understand the priorities and experiences of undocumented community college students who organize for institutional support for undocumented students. This study is guided by theories on counter-spaces in Critical Race Theory (Solorzano et al., 2000), spaces where Students of Color create a sense of safety and community with each other. The methods for this study are a case study of one community college in California, Western College (pseudonym), that has robust programs for undocumented students such as an Undocumented Student Resource Center and a designated staff position that works with undocumented students. Research questions asked how undocumented students organized for programs at Western College from 2006 to 2021, how they navigated power dynamics on campus, and how they reflected on their experiences. Data collection comprised 26 interviews with 11 undocumented student alumni, five current students attending Western College in 2021, and eight staff and faculty. I also analyzed over 50 documents such as webpages and institutional statements. Findings show how undocumented students envisioned building a counter-space for undocumented students where they could feel safe and comfortable away from the dominant campus culture of exclusion and hostility. They wanted support and guidance from staff, faculty, and administrators, but they made it clear they aspired to maintain the essence of a counter-space by keeping their programs student-led. As they reflected on their experiences, they were impressed by the number of resources available at their 4-year universities once they transfe

The objective of this dissertation was to design and study a transformative model of climate change education that foregrounded sociopolitical processes and was socially relevant to Black and Latinx urban high school students. The intervention was implemented at the Mann-UCLA Community School in South Los Angeles while distance learning was mandated by the COVID-19 pandemic and was part of a research-practice partnership with a chemistry teacher. Using the Participatory Design Research methodology, I designed the learning context and documented how this instructional model structured classroom engagement and supported the outcomes of learning climate science and developing critical climate awareness. A mixed methods approach was used for analysis of data including pre/post assessments of climate science knowledge and climate concern, formative assessments of critical awareness of climate change, classroom artifacts, classroom observations, and interviews with focal students. Findings on classroom engagement, organized with the Connective and Productive Disciplinary Engagement framework, show that organizing instruction around the sociopolitical dimensions of climate change was productive. Participation was structured around students’ critical awareness of social issues in their community and their imagined futures when they could participate in the transition to low-emission energy sources. Student engagement embodied the four principles of Connective and Productive Disciplinary Engagement more strongly over time as they grappled with authentic problems of climate change in their community. The sociopolitical framing of climate change was also productive for learning climate science concepts and developing students’ critical climate awareness. Findings show a statistically significant improvement in students’ understanding of canonical scientific concepts and a shift towards awareness of and concern about climate change. Performance on formative assessments shows st

The Congressional Review Act (CRA) permits Congress to overturn rules issued by federal agencies with a simple majority in each chamber. Traditionally, the CRA has been used as a negative tool, to cancel regulations adopted during the prior administration, including the 14 Obama-era rules Congress overturned during the first four months of the Trump administration. This Issue Brief by Professors Jody Freeman and Matthew Stephenson of Harvard Law School argues that the CRA's fast-track procedures have "substantially greater unrealized potential" and could be used as an affirmative tool to advance policy priorities without being subject to filibuster. In light of unprecedented congressional obstructionism, Freeman and Stephenson argue that exploring this nontraditional use of the CRA is "essential to the health of our democracy" and to returning Congress to its job of legislating.

BackgroundAlthough many patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in sub-Saharan Africa are diagnosed with AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) T1 disease, T1 staging insufficiently captures clinical heterogeneity of advanced KS. Using a representative community-based sample, we detailed disease severity at diagnosis to inform KS staging and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe performed rapid case ascertainment on people living with HIV, aged 18 years or older, newly diagnosed with KS from 2016 to 2019 at 3 clinic sites in Kenya and Uganda to ascertain disease stage as close as possible to diagnosis. We reported KS severity using ACTG and WHO staging criteria and detailed measurements that are not captured in the current staging systems.ResultsWe performed rapid case ascertainment within 1 month for 241 adults newly diagnosed with KS out of 389 adult patients with suspected KS. The study was 68% men with median age 35 years and median CD4 count 239. Most of the patients had advanced disease, with 82% qualifying as ACTG T1 and 64% as WHO severe/symptomatic KS. The most common ACTG T1 qualifiers were edema (79%), tumor-associated ulceration (24%), extensive oral KS (9%), pulmonary KS (7%), and gastrointestinal KS (4%). There was marked heterogeneity within T1 KS, with 25% of patients having 2 T1 qualifying symptoms and 3% having 3 or more.ConclusionMost of the patients newly diagnosed with KS had advanced stage disease, even in the current antiretroviral therapy "treat-all" era. We observed great clinical heterogeneity among advanced stage patients, leading to questions about whether all patients with advanced KS require the same treatment strategy.

Digital open source investigations—the use of publicly available information on the internet for intelligence, leads, or evidence—are becoming an increasingly critical part of international criminal investigations.  While the definition of open source information is simple, there are several categories of information that fall into a gray area between private and public—in particular, the growing amount of illegally hacked and leaked information on the web.  Online leaks, whether the result of hacking or whistleblowing, fit the definition of open source information.  Yet, there is something inherently different about information in the public domain that was not intended to be public.  The dissemination of incriminating information unlawfully obtained by a third party creates a complex situation in which, on one hand, the illegal method of acquisition should not be rewarded, while at the same time, the illegal acts that are exposed in the documents should not go unpunished.  The public interest can cut both ways.  what are the rules and practical implications of using this information in criminal investigations or, more importantly, criminal trials?  By examining specific hacks and leaks, describing their relevance to international criminal cases, and identifying the applicable evidentiary rules, this Article explores the challenges to admitting hacked and leaked digital documents into evidence.

Although it is well established that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are effective tools for augmenting the abundance of fished species, effects on biodiversity and community assembly are less clear. Many rockfish species were overfished in the California Current Ecosystem at the turn of the 21st century, and establishment of two large MPAs in the Southern California Bight, the Cowcod Conservation Areas (CCAs), alongside favorable environmental conditions helped rebuild overfished rockfish stock by 2020. Here, we evaluate the impacts of the CCAs and environment on rockfish diversity and assemblage structure using a 16-year time series (1998-2013) of genetically-identified rockfish larvae. We demonstrate that while rockfish richness generically increased across the time series, the greatest increases occurred inside CCAs when temperature was low and dissolved oxygen high. Using multivariate methods (ordination and generalized linear latent variable models), we also find a clear species assemblage shift after the 2001 CCA implementations, driven largely by increased presence/abundance of rockfishes targeted by fisheries. Our results suggest that the large and sustained MPAs along the southern California coast have induced increases in the diversity of rockfish reproductive output, driven largely by the direct effects of fishing cessation on targeted species.

Where Do We Go Next? presents findings from a national survey focused on understanding the experiences, assets, and conditions that have shaped young people's high school experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Where Do We Go Next? aims to characterize young people's school-based experiences (in-person or remote) over the past year to inform youth-centered policy, practice, and recovery efforts moving forward.America's Promise Alliance partnered with Research for Action (RFA) to conduct a national survey (n=2,439) of young people as part of its GradNation campaign. The survey was designed to assess young people's experiences during an unprecedented school year that was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic and a swelling movement for racial justice. Specifically, the present study sought to take a holistic approach to better understanding young people's high school experiences over the past year, all amidst an uncertain economic, social, and educational landscape. This study, thus, serves two related purposes. First, it adds to a growing knowledge base on high schoolers' learning experiences over the past year. And second, it explores a diverse set of young people's schoolbased and out-of-school experiences in an effort to better understand how the past year has impacted learning and development, specifically students' overall wellbeing, access to opportunities to learn about — and act upon — social issues like race and racism, and postsecondary readiness for life after high school.Survey respondents included young people ages 13-19 years who were enrolled in high school in the United States during the 2020-2021 school year. The survey was administered over a six-week period in March and April 2021 using a multi-pronged sampling strategy that included an online panel, targeted recruitment through supporting organizations, and youth-oriented social media advertisements. A non-probability quota sampling strategy was used to approximate the U.S. population distributions of

Design, develop, and solve real-world automation and orchestration problems by unlocking Ansible's automation capabilitiesKey FeaturesCompletely revised and updated for Ansible 4.0 and beyondTackle complex automation challenges with the newly added features in AnsibleLearn about the rapidly expanding field of network automation using Ansible, with the help of practical examples for configuring network devicesBook DescriptionAnsible is a modern, YAML-based automation tool (built on top of Python, one of the world's most popular programming languages) with a massive and ever-growing user base. Its popularity and Python underpinnings make it essential learning for all in the DevOps space. This fourth edition of Mastering Ansible provides complete coverage of Ansible automation, from the design and architecture of the tool and basic automation with playbooks to writing and debugging your own Python-based extensions. You'll learn how to build automation workflows with Ansible's extensive built-in library of collections, modules, and plugins. You'll then look at extending the modules and plugins with Python-based code and even build your own collections — ultimately learning how to give back to the Ansible community. By the end of this Ansible book, you'll be confident in all aspects of Ansible automation, from the fundamentals of playbook design to getting under the hood and extending and adapting Ansible to solve new automation challenges.What you will learnGain an in-depth understanding of how Ansible works under the hoodGet to grips with Ansible collections and how they are changing and shaping the future of AnsibleFully automate the Ansible playbook executions with encrypted dataUse blocks to construct failure recovery or cleanupExplore the playbook debugger and Ansible consoleTroubleshoot unexpected behavior effectivelyWork with cloud infrastructure providers and container systemsWho this book is forIf you are an Ansible developer or operator who has a detailed unde

Design, develop, and solve real-world automation and orchestration problems by unlocking Ansible's automation capabilitiesKey FeaturesCompletely revised and updated for Ansible 4.0 and beyondTackle complex automation challenges with the newly added features in AnsibleLearn about the rapidly expanding field of network automation using Ansible, with the help of practical examples for configuring network devicesBook DescriptionAnsible is a modern, YAML-based automation tool (built on top of Python, one of the world's most popular programming languages) with a massive and ever-growing user base. Its popularity and Python underpinnings make it essential learning for all in the DevOps space. This fourth edition of Mastering Ansible provides complete coverage of Ansible automation, from the design and architecture of the tool and basic automation with playbooks to writing and debugging your own Python-based extensions. You'll learn how to build automation workflows with Ansible's extensive built-in library of collections, modules, and plugins. You'll then look at extending the modules and plugins with Python-based code and even build your own collections — ultimately learning how to give back to the Ansible community. By the end of this Ansible book, you'll be confident in all aspects of Ansible automation, from the fundamentals of playbook design to getting under the hood and extending and adapting Ansible to solve new automation challenges.What you will learnGain an in-depth understanding of how Ansible works under the hoodGet to grips with Ansible collections and how they are changing and shaping the future of AnsibleFully automate the Ansible playbook executions with encrypted dataUse blocks to construct failure recovery or cleanupExplore the playbook debugger and Ansible consoleTroubleshoot unexpected behavior effectivelyWork with cloud infrastructure providers and container systemsWho this book is forIf you are an Ansible developer or operator who has a detailed unde

Design, develop, and solve real-world automation and orchestration problems by unlocking Ansible's automation capabilitiesKey FeaturesCompletely revised and updated for Ansible 4.0 and beyondTackle complex automation challenges with the newly added features in AnsibleLearn about the rapidly expanding field of network automation using Ansible, with the help of practical examples for configuring network devicesBook DescriptionAnsible is a modern, YAML-based automation tool (built on top of Python, one of the world's most popular programming languages) with a massive and ever-growing user base. Its popularity and Python underpinnings make it essential learning for all in the DevOps space. This fourth edition of Mastering Ansible provides complete coverage of Ansible automation, from the design and architecture of the tool and basic automation with playbooks to writing and debugging your own Python-based extensions. You'll learn how to build automation workflows with Ansible's extensive built-in library of collections, modules, and plugins. You'll then look at extending the modules and plugins with Python-based code and even build your own collections — ultimately learning how to give back to the Ansible community. By the end of this Ansible book, you'll be confident in all aspects of Ansible automation, from the fundamentals of playbook design to getting under the hood and extending and adapting Ansible to solve new automation challenges.What you will learnGain an in-depth understanding of how Ansible works under the hoodGet to grips with Ansible collections and how they are changing and shaping the future of AnsibleFully automate the Ansible playbook executions with encrypted dataUse blocks to construct failure recovery or cleanupExplore the playbook debugger and Ansible consoleTroubleshoot unexpected behavior effectivelyWork with cloud infrastructure providers and container systemsWho this book is forIf you are an Ansible developer or operator who has a detailed unde

Where Do We Go Next? presents findings from a national survey focused on understanding the experiences, assets, and conditions that have shaped young people's high school experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Where Do We Go Next? aims to characterize young people's school-based experiences (in-person or remote) over the past year to inform youth-centered policy, practice, and recovery efforts moving forward.America's Promise Alliance partnered with Research for Action (RFA) to conduct a national survey (n=2,439) of young people as part of its GradNation campaign. The survey was designed to assess young people's experiences during an unprecedented school year that was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic and a swelling movement for racial justice. Specifically, the present study sought to take a holistic approach to better understanding young people's high school experiences over the past year, all amidst an uncertain economic, social, and educational landscape. This study, thus, serves two related purposes. First, it adds to a growing knowledge base on high schoolers' learning experiences over the past year. And second, it explores a diverse set of young people's schoolbased and out-of-school experiences in an effort to better understand how the past year has impacted learning and development, specifically students' overall wellbeing, access to opportunities to learn about — and act upon — social issues like race and racism, and postsecondary readiness for life after high school.Survey respondents included young people ages 13-19 years who were enrolled in high school in the United States during the 2020-2021 school year. The survey was administered over a six-week period in March and April 2021 using a multi-pronged sampling strategy that included an online panel, targeted recruitment through supporting organizations, and youth-oriented social media advertisements. A non-probability quota sampling strategy was used to approximate the U.S. population distributions of

Design, develop, and solve real-world automation and orchestration problems by unlocking Ansible's automation capabilitiesKey FeaturesCompletely revised and updated for Ansible 4.0 and beyondTackle complex automation challenges with the newly added features in AnsibleLearn about the rapidly expanding field of network automation using Ansible, with the help of practical examples for configuring network devicesBook DescriptionAnsible is a modern, YAML-based automation tool (built on top of Python, one of the world's most popular programming languages) with a massive and ever-growing user base. Its popularity and Python underpinnings make it essential learning for all in the DevOps space. This fourth edition of Mastering Ansible provides complete coverage of Ansible automation, from the design and architecture of the tool and basic automation with playbooks to writing and debugging your own Python-based extensions. You'll learn how to build automation workflows with Ansible's extensive built-in library of collections, modules, and plugins. You'll then look at extending the modules and plugins with Python-based code and even build your own collections — ultimately learning how to give back to the Ansible community. By the end of this Ansible book, you'll be confident in all aspects of Ansible automation, from the fundamentals of playbook design to getting under the hood and extending and adapting Ansible to solve new automation challenges.What you will learnGain an in-depth understanding of how Ansible works under the hoodGet to grips with Ansible collections and how they are changing and shaping the future of AnsibleFully automate the Ansible playbook executions with encrypted dataUse blocks to construct failure recovery or cleanupExplore the playbook debugger and Ansible consoleTroubleshoot unexpected behavior effectivelyWork with cloud infrastructure providers and container systemsWho this book is forIf you are an Ansible developer or operator who has a detailed unde

Where Do We Go Next? presents findings from a national survey focused on understanding the experiences, assets, and conditions that have shaped young people's high school experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Where Do We Go Next? aims to characterize young people's school-based experiences (in-person or remote) over the past year to inform youth-centered policy, practice, and recovery efforts moving forward.America's Promise Alliance partnered with Research for Action (RFA) to conduct a national survey (n=2,439) of young people as part of its GradNation campaign. The survey was designed to assess young people's experiences during an unprecedented school year that was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic and a swelling movement for racial justice. Specifically, the present study sought to take a holistic approach to better understanding young people's high school experiences over the past year, all amidst an uncertain economic, social, and educational landscape. This study, thus, serves two related purposes. First, it adds to a growing knowledge base on high schoolers' learning experiences over the past year. And second, it explores a diverse set of young people's schoolbased and out-of-school experiences in an effort to better understand how the past year has impacted learning and development, specifically students' overall wellbeing, access to opportunities to learn about — and act upon — social issues like race and racism, and postsecondary readiness for life after high school.Survey respondents included young people ages 13-19 years who were enrolled in high school in the United States during the 2020-2021 school year. The survey was administered over a six-week period in March and April 2021 using a multi-pronged sampling strategy that included an online panel, targeted recruitment through supporting organizations, and youth-oriented social media advertisements. A non-probability quota sampling strategy was used to approximate the U.S. population distributions of

Digital open source investigations—the use of publicly available information on the internet for intelligence, leads, or evidence—are becoming an increasingly critical part of international criminal investigations.  While the definition of open source information is simple, there are several categories of information that fall into a gray area between private and public—in particular, the growing amount of illegally hacked and leaked information on the web.  Online leaks, whether the result of hacking or whistleblowing, fit the definition of open source information.  Yet, there is something inherently different about information in the public domain that was not intended to be public.  The dissemination of incriminating information unlawfully obtained by a third party creates a complex situation in which, on one hand, the illegal method of acquisition should not be rewarded, while at the same time, the illegal acts that are exposed in the documents should not go unpunished.  The public interest can cut both ways.  what are the rules and practical implications of using this information in criminal investigations or, more importantly, criminal trials?  By examining specific hacks and leaks, describing their relevance to international criminal cases, and identifying the applicable evidentiary rules, this Article explores the challenges to admitting hacked and leaked digital documents into evidence.

Although it is well established that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are effective tools for augmenting the abundance of fished species, effects on biodiversity and community assembly are less clear. Many rockfish species were overfished in the California Current Ecosystem at the turn of the 21st century, and establishment of two large MPAs in the Southern California Bight, the Cowcod Conservation Areas (CCAs), alongside favorable environmental conditions helped rebuild overfished rockfish stock by 2020. Here, we evaluate the impacts of the CCAs and environment on rockfish diversity and assemblage structure using a 16-year time series (1998-2013) of genetically-identified rockfish larvae. We demonstrate that while rockfish richness generically increased across the time series, the greatest increases occurred inside CCAs when temperature was low and dissolved oxygen high. Using multivariate methods (ordination and generalized linear latent variable models), we also find a clear species assemblage shift after the 2001 CCA implementations, driven largely by increased presence/abundance of rockfishes targeted by fisheries. Our results suggest that the large and sustained MPAs along the southern California coast have induced increases in the diversity of rockfish reproductive output, driven largely by the direct effects of fishing cessation on targeted species.

Where Do We Go Next? presents findings from a national survey focused on understanding the experiences, assets, and conditions that have shaped young people's high school experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Where Do We Go Next? aims to characterize young people's school-based experiences (in-person or remote) over the past year to inform youth-centered policy, practice, and recovery efforts moving forward.America's Promise Alliance partnered with Research for Action (RFA) to conduct a national survey (n=2,439) of young people as part of its GradNation campaign. The survey was designed to assess young people's experiences during an unprecedented school year that was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic and a swelling movement for racial justice. Specifically, the present study sought to take a holistic approach to better understanding young people's high school experiences over the past year, all amidst an uncertain economic, social, and educational landscape. This study, thus, serves two related purposes. First, it adds to a growing knowledge base on high schoolers' learning experiences over the past year. And second, it explores a diverse set of young people's schoolbased and out-of-school experiences in an effort to better understand how the past year has impacted learning and development, specifically students' overall wellbeing, access to opportunities to learn about — and act upon — social issues like race and racism, and postsecondary readiness for life after high school.Survey respondents included young people ages 13-19 years who were enrolled in high school in the United States during the 2020-2021 school year. The survey was administered over a six-week period in March and April 2021 using a multi-pronged sampling strategy that included an online panel, targeted recruitment through supporting organizations, and youth-oriented social media advertisements. A non-probability quota sampling strategy was used to approximate the U.S. population distributions of

Although it is well established that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are effective tools for augmenting the abundance of fished species, effects on biodiversity and community assembly are less clear. Many rockfish species were overfished in the California Current Ecosystem at the turn of the 21st century, and establishment of two large MPAs in the Southern California Bight, the Cowcod Conservation Areas (CCAs), alongside favorable environmental conditions helped rebuild overfished rockfish stock by 2020. Here, we evaluate the impacts of the CCAs and environment on rockfish diversity and assemblage structure using a 16-year time series (1998-2013) of genetically-identified rockfish larvae. We demonstrate that while rockfish richness generically increased across the time series, the greatest increases occurred inside CCAs when temperature was low and dissolved oxygen high. Using multivariate methods (ordination and generalized linear latent variable models), we also find a clear species assemblage shift after the 2001 CCA implementations, driven largely by increased presence/abundance of rockfishes targeted by fisheries. Our results suggest that the large and sustained MPAs along the southern California coast have induced increases in the diversity of rockfish reproductive output, driven largely by the direct effects of fishing cessation on targeted species.

Intranasal oxytocin (IN OXT) has been proposed as a treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, little is known about the effects of long-term exposure. This is the first study in a non-human primate species to examine how developmental exposure to chronic IN OXT affects juveniles interactions with family members, social preference for parents versus strangers, anxiety-like behavior, and cerebral glucose metabolism. Titi monkeys are socially monogamous and biparental; their family bonds share important characteristics with human family bonds. Fourteen males and 15 females were treated intranasally with saline (n = 14) or 0.8 IU/kg OXT (n = 15), daily from 12 to 18 months of age. Compared to SAL-treated animals, OXT-treated animals of both sexes spent significantly more time grooming other family members (F1 = 8.97, p = 0.006). Overall, OXT-treated subjects were more social (F1 = 8.35, p = 0.005) during preference tests. OXT-treated females displayed an enhanced preference for their parents (t = 2.265, p = 0.026). OXT-treated males had a blunted preference for their parents and an increase in the time spent near unfamiliar pairs (F1 = 10.89, p = 0.001). During anxiety tests, OXT-treated males refused to complete the task more often than SAL-treated males and had longer latencies (p < 0.0001). Neuroimaging studies revealed that OXT-treated animals had higher glucose uptake across the social salience network as a whole after one month of treatment (F1,9 = 1.07, p = 0.042). Our results suggest moderate prosocial effects of chronic IN OXT, that did not depend on anxiolytic properties. We also found important sex differences that should be considered in a translational context.

The prevalence of asthma remains high worldwide, and despite the development of biological treatments, many patients remain sub optimally controlled, and mortality rates have been static for decades. Exercise immunology is an expanding field, and there is growing evidence that exercise can modulate the inflammatory and immune processes in asthma. Changes in redox status have been linked with asthma severity, and modulation of redox balance via upregulation of the master antioxidant NRF2 has been proposed as the mechanism through which exercise exerts its disease modifying properties. Despite this, and national and international guidance to increase exercise, patients with asthma are less likely to engage in physical activity than non asthmatics. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of an interval exercise training programme on symptom control and inflammation in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma, and the role of NRF2 driven increases in redox buffering capacity in mediating this response. A 12-week exercise intervention resulted in significant improvements in symptom and quality of life scores, in addition to improvements in asthma related inflammatory markers and lung function. In terms of mechanistic investigation, downstream markers of redox regulation increased, with demonstration of association between improvements in fitness, increases in antioxidant capacity and inflammation, through to overall improvements in lung function and asthma symptoms. Given the early exploratory data to support my hypothesis, alongside challenging recruitment and high participant drop out rate, identification of the barriers to exercise for patients with asthma was important. Therefore, I assessed perceived barriers to exercise in the WATCH Cohort of Difficult Asthma. The perceived burden of exercise therapy in patients with difficult asthma was demonstrated to be at a level comparable to those with cardiovascular disease, and higher than in patients with

Gel nails are a common artificial nail option. Ultraviolet (UV) nail lamps are commonly used to cure gel nails. Ultraviolet A radiation is a known mutagen that penetrates into the nail bed. Although previously reported, the role of UV nail lamps in the carcinogenesis of both keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma remains controversial. Herein, we report a patient taking the photosensitizing agent hydrochlorothiazide who developed numerous squamous cell carcinomas on the dorsal hands and feet with a 10-year history of UV nail light exposure every 2-3 weeks.

Introduction: Abdominal pain is a common chief complaint that can represent a wide breadth of diagnoses, ranging from benign to life-threatening. As our diagnostic tools become more sophisticated, we are able to better identify more causes of potentially life-threatening diseases. One such disease that is relatively unfamiliar to clinicians is spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD).Case Report: We describe a case of a 46-year-old man who presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and was found to have a SICAD and was successfully treated with anticoagulation, antihypertensives, and observation.Conclusion: It is important for emergency physicians to keep this potentially life-threatening condition in mind and to know the appropriate first steps once identified.

A contribution to PSF's "Verse in Place."  Each issue features a poem that explores the power of place in the world.

BackgroundWhile in general a country's life expectancy increases with national income, some countries "punch above their weight", while some "punch below their weight" - achieving higher or lower life expectancy than would be predicted by their per capita income. Discovering which conditions or policies contribute to this outcome is critical to improving population health globally.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method study which included: analysis of life expectancy relative to income for all countries; an expert opinion study; and scoping reviews of literature and data to examine factors that may impact on life expectancy relative to income in three countries: Ethiopia, Brazil, and the United States. Punching above or below weight status was calculated using life expectancy at birth and gross domestic product per capita for 2014-2018. The scoping reviews covered the political context and history, social determinants of health, civil society, and political participation in each country.ResultsPossible drivers identified for Ethiopia's extra 3 years life expectancy included community-based health strategies, improving access to safe water, female education and gender empowerment, and the rise of civil society organisations. Brazil punched above its weight by 2 years. Possible drivers identified included socio-political and economic improvements, reduced inequality, female education, health care coverage, civil society, and political participation. The United States' neoliberal economics and limited social security, market-based healthcare, limited public health regulation, weak social safety net, significant increases in income inequality and lower levels of political participation may have contributed to the country punching 2.9 years below weight.ConclusionsThe review highlighted potential structural determinants driving differential performance in population health outcomes cross-nationally. These included greater equity, a more inclusive welfare system, high politi

Conveyor belt systems (CBS) are a fundamental class of asset throughout bulk handling industries, which provide materials transfer functionality within processes spanning all stages of a material’s life, from initial extraction through to end-of-life disposal or reuse. The generic function a CBS affords can result in a single system being used in a diverse range of applications throughout its service life, including exposure to different materials, environments and throughputs. However, regardless of the specific application a CBS will be expected to realise very high levels of availability, such that the occurrence of costly process downtime is minimised. To support the realisation of such levels of availability, increasingly across industry continuous monitoring (CM) of systems is being implemented, to provide greater insight into the operation of systems. Development within the area of CM has historically been driven by the needs of high value industries such as aerospace and renewables, thus, it cannot be assumed that existing solutions represent the most appropriate form of CM for CBS applications. Furthermore, the interrogation of raw CM parameters requires effort and expertise from practitioners in order to elicit actionable insights, which cannot be assumed available across operations. Accordingly, this thesis reports the development of a practical method for observing the operation of a CBS in-service, using continuous monitoring techniques. Initially, current practice and challenges faced by industrial practitioners are investigated through interactions with a manufacturer and an operator of bulk handling CBSs. From these interactions an opportunity to realise improvements across the design, operation and maintenance of CBSs through the adoption of CM is established. Next, through a series of laboratory and industrial trials a range of CBS parameters are investigated and evaluated within the context of continuous monitoring, from which motor electr

ObjectiveTo present standardized diagnostic criteria for idiopathic distal sensory polyneuropathy (iDSP) and its subtypes: idiopathic mixed fiber sensory neuropathy (iMFN), idiopathic small fiber sensory neuropathy (iSFN), and idiopathic large fiber sensory neuropathy (iLFN) for use in research.MethodsThe Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the Food and Drug Administration convened a meeting to develop consensus diagnostic criteria for iMFN, iSFN, and iLFN. After background presentations, a collaborative, iterative approach was used to develop expert consensus for new criteria.ResultsAn iDSP diagnosis requires at least 1 small fiber (SF) or large fiber (LF) symptom, at least 1 SF or LF sign, abnormalities in sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) or distal intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and exclusion of known etiologies. An iMFN diagnosis requires that at least 1 of the above clinical features is SF and 1 clinical feature is LF with abnormalities in sensory NCS or IENFD. Diagnostic criteria for iSFN require at least 1 SF symptom and at least 1 SF sign with abnormal IENFD, normal sensory NCS, and the absence of LF symptoms and signs. Diagnostic criteria for iLFN require at least 1 LF symptom and at least 1 LF sign with normal IENFD, abnormal sensory NCS, and absence of SF symptoms and signs.ConclusionAdoption of these standardized diagnostic criteria will advance research and clinical trials and spur development of novel therapies for iDSPs.

Achieve enterprise automation in your Linux environment with this comprehensive guide Key Features Automate your Linux infrastructure with the help of practical use cases and real-world scenarios Learn to plan, build, manage, and customize OS releases in your environment Enhance the scalability and efficiency of your infrastructure with advanced Linux system administration concepts Book Description Automation is paramount if you want to run Linux in your enterprise effectively. It helps you minimize costs by reducing manual operations, ensuring compliance across data centers, and accelerating deployments for your cloud infrastructures. Complete with detailed explanations, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, this book will teach you how to manage your Linux estate and leverage Ansible to achieve effective levels of automation. You'll learn important concepts on standard operating environments that lend themselves to automation, and then build on this knowledge by applying Ansible to achieve standardization throughout your Linux environments. By the end of this Linux automation book, you'll be able to build, deploy, and manage an entire estate of Linux servers with higher reliability and lower overheads than ever before. What you will learn Perform large-scale automation of Linux environments in an enterprise Overcome the common challenges and pitfalls of extensive automation Define the business processes needed to support a large-scale Linux environment Get well-versed with the most effective and reliable patch management strategies Automate a range of tasks from simple user account changes to complex security policy enforcement Learn best practices and procedures to make your Linux environment automatable Who this book is for This book is for anyone who has a Linux environment to design, implement, and maintain. Open source professionals including infrastructure architects and system administrators will find this book useful. You're expected to have e

BACKGROUND:Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved KS survival. In resource-rich settings, survival has also benefited from chemotherapy, which is widely available. Little is known, however, about the epidemiology of chemotherapy use for HIV-associated KS in resource-limited regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS:We identified all patients newly diagnosed with HIV-related KS from 2009 to 2012 in the 26-clinic AMPATH network, a large community-based care network in Kenya. We ascertained disease severity at diagnosis, frequency of initiation of chemotherapy, and distribution of chemotherapeutic regimens used. Indications for chemotherapy included AIDS Clinical Trial Group T1 stage and/or "severe" disease defined by WHO KS treatment guidelines. RESULTS:Of 674 patients diagnosed with KS, charts were available for 588; 61% were men, median age was 35 years, and median CD4 at KS diagnosis was 185 cells/μl. At time of diagnosis, 58% had at least one chemotherapy indication, and 22% had more than one indication. For patients with a chemotherapy indication, cumulative incidence of chemotherapy initiation (with death as a competing event) was 37% by 1 month and 56% by 1 year. Median time from diagnosis to chemotherapy initiation was 25 days (IQR 1-50 days). In multivariable regression, patients with > 3 chemotherapy indications at time of diagnosis had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.46-3.60) increased risk of rapid chemotherapy initiation (within 30 days of diagnosis) compared to those with only one chemotherapy indication (p < 0.001). Initial regimens were bleomycin-vincristine (78%), adriamycin-bleomycin-vincristine (11%), etoposide (7%), and gemcitabine (4%). CONCLUSIONS:A substantial fraction of patients with KS in East Africa are diagnosed at advanced disease stage. For patients with chemotherapy indications, nearly half did not receive ch

Climate change is impacting the whole of North America, although the impacts differ depending on regional geography. In the Intermountain West, climate change is contributing to lower overall snowpack totals and diminished late season streamflows. These changes will likely contribute to vulnerabilities in how much water is available to irrigators, municipalities, and fisheries dependent upon a consistent yearly flow of meltwater. This paper explores how snowpack retention has changed via the NASA dataset Daymet, which provides gridded estimates of weather parameters including Snow Water Equivalent in the Bitterroot River Basin of western Montana. This analysis showed that snowpack retention from April 1 – June 1 has declined over the period of record (1980 – 2018). Secondly, this paper uses the snowpack analysis to explore climate vulnerability in the Skalkaho Creek sub-basin and offers suggestions for what a future researcher may consider when investigating vulnerability to reduced snowpack retention and resultant lower late season streamflows.

ObjectiveTo present standardized diagnostic criteria for idiopathic distal sensory polyneuropathy (iDSP) and its subtypes: idiopathic mixed fiber sensory neuropathy (iMFN), idiopathic small fiber sensory neuropathy (iSFN), and idiopathic large fiber sensory neuropathy (iLFN) for use in research.MethodsThe Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the Food and Drug Administration convened a meeting to develop consensus diagnostic criteria for iMFN, iSFN, and iLFN. After background presentations, a collaborative, iterative approach was used to develop expert consensus for new criteria.ResultsAn iDSP diagnosis requires at least 1 small fiber (SF) or large fiber (LF) symptom, at least 1 SF or LF sign, abnormalities in sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) or distal intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and exclusion of known etiologies. An iMFN diagnosis requires that at least 1 of the above clinical features is SF and 1 clinical feature is LF with abnormalities in sensory NCS or IENFD. Diagnostic criteria for iSFN require at least 1 SF symptom and at least 1 SF sign with abnormal IENFD, normal sensory NCS, and the absence of LF symptoms and signs. Diagnostic criteria for iLFN require at least 1 LF symptom and at least 1 LF sign with normal IENFD, abnormal sensory NCS, and absence of SF symptoms and signs.ConclusionAdoption of these standardized diagnostic criteria will advance research and clinical trials and spur development of novel therapies for iDSPs.

Achieve enterprise automation in your Linux environment with this comprehensive guide Key Features Automate your Linux infrastructure with the help of practical use cases and real-world scenarios Learn to plan, build, manage, and customize OS releases in your environment Enhance the scalability and efficiency of your infrastructure with advanced Linux system administration concepts Book Description Automation is paramount if you want to run Linux in your enterprise effectively. It helps you minimize costs by reducing manual operations, ensuring compliance across data centers, and accelerating deployments for your cloud infrastructures. Complete with detailed explanations, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, this book will teach you how to manage your Linux estate and leverage Ansible to achieve effective levels of automation. You'll learn important concepts on standard operating environments that lend themselves to automation, and then build on this knowledge by applying Ansible to achieve standardization throughout your Linux environments. By the end of this Linux automation book, you'll be able to build, deploy, and manage an entire estate of Linux servers with higher reliability and lower overheads than ever before. What you will learn Perform large-scale automation of Linux environments in an enterprise Overcome the common challenges and pitfalls of extensive automation Define the business processes needed to support a large-scale Linux environment Get well-versed with the most effective and reliable patch management strategies Automate a range of tasks from simple user account changes to complex security policy enforcement Learn best practices and procedures to make your Linux environment automatable Who this book is for This book is for anyone who has a Linux environment to design, implement, and maintain. Open source professionals including infrastructure architects and system administrators will find this book useful. You're expected to have e

Achieve enterprise automation in your Linux environment with this comprehensive guide Key Features Automate your Linux infrastructure with the help of practical use cases and real-world scenarios Learn to plan, build, manage, and customize OS releases in your environment Enhance the scalability and efficiency of your infrastructure with advanced Linux system administration concepts Book Description Automation is paramount if you want to run Linux in your enterprise effectively. It helps you minimize costs by reducing manual operations, ensuring compliance across data centers, and accelerating deployments for your cloud infrastructures. Complete with detailed explanations, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, this book will teach you how to manage your Linux estate and leverage Ansible to achieve effective levels of automation. You'll learn important concepts on standard operating environments that lend themselves to automation, and then build on this knowledge by applying Ansible to achieve standardization throughout your Linux environments. By the end of this Linux automation book, you'll be able to build, deploy, and manage an entire estate of Linux servers with higher reliability and lower overheads than ever before. What you will learn Perform large-scale automation of Linux environments in an enterprise Overcome the common challenges and pitfalls of extensive automation Define the business processes needed to support a large-scale Linux environment Get well-versed with the most effective and reliable patch management strategies Automate a range of tasks from simple user account changes to complex security policy enforcement Learn best practices and procedures to make your Linux environment automatable Who this book is for This book is for anyone who has a Linux environment to design, implement, and maintain. Open source professionals including infrastructure architects and system administrators will find this book useful. You're expected to have e

Conveyor belt systems (CBS) are a fundamental class of asset throughout bulk handling industries, which provide materials transfer functionality within processes spanning all stages of a material’s life, from initial extraction through to end-of-life disposal or reuse. The generic function a CBS affords can result in a single system being used in a diverse range of applications throughout its service life, including exposure to different materials, environments and throughputs. However, regardless of the specific application a CBS will be expected to realise very high levels of availability, such that the occurrence of costly process downtime is minimised. To support the realisation of such levels of availability, increasingly across industry continuous monitoring (CM) of systems is being implemented, to provide greater insight into the operation of systems. Development within the area of CM has historically been driven by the needs of high value industries such as aerospace and renewables, thus, it cannot be assumed that existing solutions represent the most appropriate form of CM for CBS applications. Furthermore, the interrogation of raw CM parameters requires effort and expertise from practitioners in order to elicit actionable insights, which cannot be assumed available across operations. Accordingly, this thesis reports the development of a practical method for observing the operation of a CBS in-service, using continuous monitoring techniques. Initially, current practice and challenges faced by industrial practitioners are investigated through interactions with a manufacturer and an operator of bulk handling CBSs. From these interactions an opportunity to realise improvements across the design, operation and maintenance of CBSs through the adoption of CM is established. Next, through a series of laboratory and industrial trials a range of CBS parameters are investigated and evaluated within the context of continuous monitoring, from which motor electr

This dissertation explores the changing distribution of different types of income. These income types are earned by different people and are generated in in different ways. Labour income is paid to workers – employees and self-employed – who apply their time, energy, and knowledge to produce goods and services. Capital income is the reward for the owners of durable goods used in production, like buildings and machines. For a long time, there has been a balance between the shares of total income flowing to labour and capital income. However, this balance has been shifting in many countries. The income share of labour has declined relative to the capital share. Around 1980, workers earned almost three euros for every one euro paid to capital-owners, now, this is less than two. Among other things, this is particularly relevant for inequality between workers and capitalists. This dissertation explores different developments underlying this change. Superstar – large and powerful– firms have potentially contributed to declining labour shares. These large firms can keep their labour costs low and rely more on capital. The dissertation shows these firms have been gaining ground in the Netherlands in sectors like travel agencies, pharmaceuticals, and wholesaling. A further development is the rising importance of intangible capital, durable production assets without physical form. Examples are software, patents, and brand names. Exploring the investments in these intangible assets has shown that they have become much more important to firms. This development Is particularly relevant in strongly globalized sectors.

A contribution to PSF's "Verse in Place."  Each issue features a poem that explores the power of place in the world.

Gel nails are a common artificial nail option. Ultraviolet (UV) nail lamps are commonly used to cure gel nails. Ultraviolet A radiation is a known mutagen that penetrates into the nail bed. Although previously reported, the role of UV nail lamps in the carcinogenesis of both keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma remains controversial. Herein, we report a patient taking the photosensitizing agent hydrochlorothiazide who developed numerous squamous cell carcinomas on the dorsal hands and feet with a 10-year history of UV nail light exposure every 2-3 weeks.

Introduction: Abdominal pain is a common chief complaint that can represent a wide breadth of diagnoses, ranging from benign to life-threatening. As our diagnostic tools become more sophisticated, we are able to better identify more causes of potentially life-threatening diseases. One such disease that is relatively unfamiliar to clinicians is spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD).Case Report: We describe a case of a 46-year-old man who presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and was found to have a SICAD and was successfully treated with anticoagulation, antihypertensives, and observation.Conclusion: It is important for emergency physicians to keep this potentially life-threatening condition in mind and to know the appropriate first steps once identified.

BackgroundWhile in general a country's life expectancy increases with national income, some countries "punch above their weight", while some "punch below their weight" - achieving higher or lower life expectancy than would be predicted by their per capita income. Discovering which conditions or policies contribute to this outcome is critical to improving population health globally.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method study which included: analysis of life expectancy relative to income for all countries; an expert opinion study; and scoping reviews of literature and data to examine factors that may impact on life expectancy relative to income in three countries: Ethiopia, Brazil, and the United States. Punching above or below weight status was calculated using life expectancy at birth and gross domestic product per capita for 2014-2018. The scoping reviews covered the political context and history, social determinants of health, civil society, and political participation in each country.ResultsPossible drivers identified for Ethiopia's extra 3 years life expectancy included community-based health strategies, improving access to safe water, female education and gender empowerment, and the rise of civil society organisations. Brazil punched above its weight by 2 years. Possible drivers identified included socio-political and economic improvements, reduced inequality, female education, health care coverage, civil society, and political participation. The United States' neoliberal economics and limited social security, market-based healthcare, limited public health regulation, weak social safety net, significant increases in income inequality and lower levels of political participation may have contributed to the country punching 2.9 years below weight.ConclusionsThe review highlighted potential structural determinants driving differential performance in population health outcomes cross-nationally. These included greater equity, a more inclusive welfare system, high politi

PurposeTo evaluate depth of field, lateral resolution, and image quality of a heads-up 3D visualization system for vitreoretinal surgery using physician survey and optical measurement outcomes.MethodsDepth of field and lateral resolution were compared between the standard ocular viewing system and the digital 3D system at ×5, ×13, and ×18 magnification by 6 retinal surgeons. Optical techniques were used as well as a survey of surgeon impression. Surgeon impression surveys were performed after 6 weeks of surgical use of the device.ResultsPhysician questionnaire survey scores for depth of field at high magnification were better for the digital 3D system and equivalent for all other categories. Measured lateral resolution was 36.7 mm and 16.6 mm at ×5 magnification (P < 0.001), 14.3 mm and 6.4 mm at ×13 magnification (P < 0.001), and 9.8 mm and 4.2 mm (P < 0.001) at ×18 magnification for the digital 3D and oculars, respectively. Measured depth of field was 4.00 mm and 6.78 mm at ×5 magnification (P = 0.027), 0.72 mm and 0.86 mm at ×13 (P = 0.311), and 0.28 mm and 0.40 mm at ×18 magnification (P = 0.235) for the oculars and digital 3D, respectively.ConclusionLateral resolution of the digital 3D system was half that of the ocular viewing system and there was some improvement in depth of field with the digital system. Surgeon impression suggested that the digital system was superior when evaluating depth of field at high magnification.

When Preston Downs, Jr., aka Prez, slides down the emergency chute onto the frozen tarmac at the Montreal airport, little does he know that never would he return home to Washington D.C. or to his adopted city, Chicago. Events had sped by after a dust-up with the Chicago police. With a new name and papers, he finds himself in a foreign city where people speak French and life is douce compared to the one he fled. Son of a World War II vet, Prez grows up in the 50s in D.C., a segregated Southern city, and learns early that black lives don’t matter. As a leader in the streets, his journey from boy to man means acquiring fighting skills to lead and unify long before losing his virginity. Smart and skeptical, but with a code of ethics, he, like every black kid, wants to be Malcolm, Martin or at least a “soul brother,” which inspires fear among the powers that be. Spotted while an A student at Howard University in 1964, Prez is invited to do an interdisciplinary course with field work on Civil Rights in Chicago, a city as divided as Gettysburg was a hundred years earlier. Faced with police-state conditions, dubious armed gangs, spies and provocateurs, Prez and the young women and men he works with are propelled into a head-on fight with police. James Baldwin wrote that the blues began “on the auction block,” others say it started with their kidnapping from Africa. Prez was born in exile, with the blues. Only someone who has lived through that period can write an enthralling and passionate story like Exile Blues. Gary Freeman has done so with insight and sensitivity. A Novel Inspired by True Events "Exile Blues is as cinematic, fast-paced, and action-packed as a classic, Blaxploitation flick. It’s the novel Malcolm X might have written had he not suffered martyrdom.” —George Elliott Clarke, author of George & Rue, 7th Parliamentary Poet Laureate (2016 & 2017) “Drawing on his incredible personal experience of a violent and transformative era in American race politics, Gary F

When Preston Downs, Jr., aka Prez, slides down the emergency chute onto the frozen tarmac at the Montreal airport, little does he know that never would he return home to Washington D.C. or to his adopted city, Chicago. Events had sped by after a dust-up with the Chicago police. With a new name and papers, he finds himself in a foreign city where people speak French and life is douce compared to the one he fled. Son of a World War II vet, Prez grows up in the 50s in D.C., a segregated Southern city, and learns early that black lives don’t matter. As a leader in the streets, his journey from boy to man means acquiring fighting skills to lead and unify long before losing his virginity. Smart and skeptical, but with a code of ethics, he, like every black kid, wants to be Malcolm, Martin or at least a “soul brother,” which inspires fear among the powers that be. Spotted while an A student at Howard University in 1964, Prez is invited to do an interdisciplinary course with field work on Civil Rights in Chicago, a city as divided as Gettysburg was a hundred years earlier. Faced with police-state conditions, dubious armed gangs, spies and provocateurs, Prez and the young women and men he works with are propelled into a head-on fight with police. James Baldwin wrote that the blues began “on the auction block,” others say it started with their kidnapping from Africa. Prez was born in exile, with the blues. Only someone who has lived through that period can write an enthralling and passionate story like Exile Blues. Gary Freeman has done so with insight and sensitivity. A Novel Inspired by True Events "Exile Blues is as cinematic, fast-paced, and action-packed as a classic, Blaxploitation flick. It’s the novel Malcolm X might have written had he not suffered martyrdom.” —George Elliott Clarke, author of George & Rue, 7th Parliamentary Poet Laureate (2016 & 2017) “Drawing on his incredible personal experience of a violent and transformative era in American race politics, Gary F