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In late 2022, the novel European Cybersecurity Skills Framework (ECSF) was officially released by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). It aims to connect cybersecurity education and training with practical needs of the job market. In particular, it maps role profiles, that reflect jobs, to the knowledge and skills they require. One of the first tools that demonstrated ECSF is the Curricula Designer web application that guides cybersecurity study program administrators in designing and analyzing their curricula. In this paper, we present a major update of the Curricula Designer tool. We develop a novel method for course scoring and quantitative analysis of curricula based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits. We describe the underlying methods and show their practical implementation into the publicly-available web application. Furthermore, we update the definitions of the Skills, Knowledge and Role Profiles according to the latest ECSF definition and present the mappings in comprehensive matrices in the appendices.

In late 2022, the novel European Cybersecurity Skills Framework (ECSF) was officially released by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). It aims to connect cybersecurity education and training with practical needs of the job market. In particular, it maps role profiles, that reflect jobs, to the knowledge and skills they require. One of the first tools that demonstrated ECSF is the Curricula Designer web application that guides cybersecurity study program administrators in designing and analyzing their curricula. In this paper, we present a major update of the Curricula Designer tool. We develop a novel method for course scoring and quantitative analysis of curricula based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits. We describe the underlying methods and show their practical implementation into the publicly-available web application. Furthermore, we update the definitions of the Skills, Knowledge and Role Profiles according to the latest ECSF definition and present the mappings in comprehensive matrices in the appendices.

In late 2022, the novel European Cybersecurity Skills Framework (ECSF) was officially released by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). It aims to connect cybersecurity education and training with practical needs of the job market. In particular, it maps role profiles, that reflect jobs, to the knowledge and skills they require. One of the first tools that demonstrated ECSF is the Curricula Designer web application that guides cybersecurity study program administrators in designing and analyzing their curricula. In this paper, we present a major update of the Curricula Designer tool. We develop a novel method for course scoring and quantitative analysis of curricula based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits. We describe the underlying methods and show their practical implementation into the publicly-available web application. Furthermore, we update the definitions of the Skills, Knowledge and Role Profiles according to the latest ECSF definition and present the mappings in comprehensive matrices in the appendices.

The development of new drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis strongly relies on preclinical experimentation, which requires the continuous improvement of animal models and integration with in vivo imaging data. Here, we investigated the lung distribution of bleomycin (BLM) associated with the indocyanine green (ICG) dye by fluorescence imaging. A long-lasting lung retention (up to 21 days) was observed upon oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) of either ICG or BLM þ ICG, with significantly more severe pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by the progressive appearance of emphysema-like features, uniquely associated with the latter combination. More severe and persistent lung fibrosis, together with a progressive air space enlargement uniquely associated with the BLM þ ICG group, was confirmed by longitudinal micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analyses. Multiple inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers were found to be increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of BLM- and BLM þ ICG-treated animals, but with a clear trend toward a much stronger increase in the latter group. Similarly, in vitro assays performed on macrophage and epithelial cell lines revealed a significantly more marked cytotoxicity in the case of BLM þ ICG-treated mice. Also unique to this group was the synergistic upregulation of apoptotic markers both in lung sections and cell lines. Although the exact mechanism underlying the more intense lung fibrosis phenotype with emphysema-like features induced by BLM þ ICG remains to be elucidated, we believe that this combination treatment, whose overall effects more closely resemble the human disease, represents a valuable alternative model for studying fibrosis development and for the identification of new antifibrotic compounds.

Machine Learning (ML) represents a pivotal technology for current and future information systems, and many domains already leverage the capabilities of ML. However, deployment of ML in cybersecurity is still at an early stage, revealing a significant discrepancy between research and practice. Such discrepancy has its root cause in the current state-of-the-art, which does not allow to identify the role of ML in cybersecurity. The full potential of ML will never be unleashed unless its pros and cons are understood by a broad audience. This paper is the first attempt to provide a holistic understanding of the role of ML in the entire cybersecurity domain -- to any potential reader with an interest in this topic. We highlight the advantages of ML with respect to human-driven detection methods, as well as the additional tasks that can be addressed by ML in cybersecurity. Moreover, we elucidate various intrinsic problems affecting real ML deployments in cybersecurity. Finally, we present how various stakeholders can contribute to future developments of ML in cybersecurity, which is essential for further progress in this field. Our contributions are complemented with two real case studies describing industrial applications of ML as defense against cyber-threats.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production and accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown and the lack of animal models mimicking the features of the human disease is creating a gap between the selection of anti-fibrotic drug candidates and effective therapies. In this work, we intended to pharmacologically validate a SSc-ILD model based on 1 week infusion of bleomycin (BLM) by osmotic minipumps in C57/BL6 mice, since it will serve as a tool for secondary drug screening. Nintedanib (NINT) has been used as a reference compound to investigate antifibrotic activity either for lung or skin fibrosis. Longitudinal Micro-CT analysis highlighted a significant slowdown in lung fibrosis progression after NINT treatment, which was confirmed by histology. However, no significant effect was observed on lung hydroxyproline content, inflammatory infiltrate and skin lipoatrophy. The modest pharmacological effect reported here could reflect the clinical outcome, highlighting the reliability of this model to better profile potential clinical drug candidates. The integrative approach presented herein, which combines longitudinal assessments with endpoint analyses, could be harnessed in drug discovery to generate more reliable, reproducible and robust readouts.

Este documento se desarrolló con el fin de aplicar toda la metodología de la gerencia de proyectos, esto con la idea de utilizar de manera practica y con un proyecto real todo el conocimiento adquirido durante el programa, el documento fue elaborado simultáneamente con el avance del curso. Para este caso en particular se pretende la ejecución de un proyecto que genere los estudios y diseños para la posterior construcción de la nueva sede judicial en el municipio de Caucasia-Antioquia, proyecto que dará solución a las deficiencias actuales con las que se prestan los servicios judiciales en esta región del país. El documento en su primer numeral aporta los antecedentes como la información específica sobre los objetivos, las políticas institucionales, misión, visión, estructura organizacional, el mapa estratégico y la cadena de valor. El segundo numeral en la evaluación y formulación provee el análisis en detalle de aspectos como la descripción del problema que se pretende solucionar, el análisis de las posibles alternativas, la elección de la alternativa a desarrollar y la justificación del proyecto. En el tercer numeral del documento se desarrolla el marco metodológico en donde se describe la manera como se recopilará la información necesaria para ejecutar el proyecto. El cuarto numeral consigna los estudios y evaluaciones como son el estudio técnico y estudio de mercado. El quinto numeral muestra el inicio de proyecto en donde es importante resaltar el desarrollo en detalle del caso de negocio y el plan de gestión de la integración con la elaboración del acta de constitución. El sexto numeral del documento aporta toda la información sobre la EDT del proyecto, así como su diccionario y la definición del alcance el proyecto, también consigna la matriz de trazabilidad de requisitos., This document was developed in order to apply the entire methodology of the management of projects, this with the idea of ​​using in a practical way and with a real project all the knowledge acquired during the program, the document was prepared simultaneously with the progress of the course. For this particular case, the execution of a project that generates the studies and designs for the subsequent construction of the new judicial headquarters in the municipality of Caucasia-Antioquia, a project that will solve the current deficiencies with which they are provided judicial services in this region of the country. The document in its first number provides the background as well as the specific information on the objectives, institutional policies, mission, vision, organizational structure, the map strategic and the value chain. The second numeral in the evaluation and formulation provides the detailed analysis of aspects such as the description of the problem to be solved, the analysis of the possible alternatives, the choice of the alternative to be developed and the justification of the draft. In the third number of the document, the methodological framework is developed where the describes how the information needed to run the project will be collected. The room numeral consigns the studies and evaluations such as the technical study and market study. The fifth numeral shows the beginning of the project where it is important to highlight the development in detail of the business case and the integration management plan with the preparation of the Constitution. The sixth numeral of the document provides all the information about the WBS of the project, as well as its dictionary and the definition of the scope of the project, also requirements traceability matrix.

Este documento se desarrolló con el fin de aplicar toda la metodología de la gerencia de proyectos, esto con la idea de utilizar de manera practica y con un proyecto real todo el conocimiento adquirido durante el programa, el documento fue elaborado simultáneamente con el avance del curso. Para este caso en particular se pretende la ejecución de un proyecto que genere los estudios y diseños para la posterior construcción de la nueva sede judicial en el municipio de Caucasia-Antioquia, proyecto que dará solución a las deficiencias actuales con las que se prestan los servicios judiciales en esta región del país. El documento en su primer numeral aporta los antecedentes como la información específica sobre los objetivos, las políticas institucionales, misión, visión, estructura organizacional, el mapa estratégico y la cadena de valor. El segundo numeral en la evaluación y formulación provee el análisis en detalle de aspectos como la descripción del problema que se pretende solucionar, el análisis de las posibles alternativas, la elección de la alternativa a desarrollar y la justificación del proyecto. En el tercer numeral del documento se desarrolla el marco metodológico en donde se describe la manera como se recopilará la información necesaria para ejecutar el proyecto. El cuarto numeral consigna los estudios y evaluaciones como son el estudio técnico y estudio de mercado. El quinto numeral muestra el inicio de proyecto en donde es importante resaltar el desarrollo en detalle del caso de negocio y el plan de gestión de la integración con la elaboración del acta de constitución. El sexto numeral del documento aporta toda la información sobre la EDT del proyecto, así como su diccionario y la definición del alcance el proyecto, también consigna la matriz de trazabilidad de requisitos., This document was developed in order to apply the entire methodology of the management of projects, this with the idea of ​​using in a practical way and with a real project all the knowledge acquired during the program, the document was prepared simultaneously with the progress of the course. For this particular case, the execution of a project that generates the studies and designs for the subsequent construction of the new judicial headquarters in the municipality of Caucasia-Antioquia, a project that will solve the current deficiencies with which they are provided judicial services in this region of the country. The document in its first number provides the background as well as the specific information on the objectives, institutional policies, mission, vision, organizational structure, the map strategic and the value chain. The second numeral in the evaluation and formulation provides the detailed analysis of aspects such as the description of the problem to be solved, the analysis of the possible alternatives, the choice of the alternative to be developed and the justification of the draft. In the third number of the document, the methodological framework is developed where the describes how the information needed to run the project will be collected. The room numeral consigns the studies and evaluations such as the technical study and market study. The fifth numeral shows the beginning of the project where it is important to highlight the development in detail of the business case and the integration management plan with the preparation of the Constitution. The sixth numeral of the document provides all the information about the WBS of the project, as well as its dictionary and the definition of the scope of the project, also requirements traceability matrix.

Este documento se desarrolló con el fin de aplicar toda la metodología de la gerencia de proyectos, esto con la idea de utilizar de manera practica y con un proyecto real todo el conocimiento adquirido durante el programa, el documento fue elaborado simultáneamente con el avance del curso. Para este caso en particular se pretende la ejecución de un proyecto que genere los estudios y diseños para la posterior construcción de la nueva sede judicial en el municipio de Caucasia-Antioquia, proyecto que dará solución a las deficiencias actuales con las que se prestan los servicios judiciales en esta región del país. El documento en su primer numeral aporta los antecedentes como la información específica sobre los objetivos, las políticas institucionales, misión, visión, estructura organizacional, el mapa estratégico y la cadena de valor. El segundo numeral en la evaluación y formulación provee el análisis en detalle de aspectos como la descripción del problema que se pretende solucionar, el análisis de las posibles alternativas, la elección de la alternativa a desarrollar y la justificación del proyecto. En el tercer numeral del documento se desarrolla el marco metodológico en donde se describe la manera como se recopilará la información necesaria para ejecutar el proyecto. El cuarto numeral consigna los estudios y evaluaciones como son el estudio técnico y estudio de mercado. El quinto numeral muestra el inicio de proyecto en donde es importante resaltar el desarrollo en detalle del caso de negocio y el plan de gestión de la integración con la elaboración del acta de constitución. El sexto numeral del documento aporta toda la información sobre la EDT del proyecto, así como su diccionario y la definición del alcance el proyecto, también consigna la matriz de trazabilidad de requisitos., This document was developed in order to apply the entire methodology of the management of projects, this with the idea of ​​using in a practical way and with a real project all the knowledge acquired during the program, the document was prepared simultaneously with the progress of the course. For this particular case, the execution of a project that generates the studies and designs for the subsequent construction of the new judicial headquarters in the municipality of Caucasia-Antioquia, a project that will solve the current deficiencies with which they are provided judicial services in this region of the country. The document in its first number provides the background as well as the specific information on the objectives, institutional policies, mission, vision, organizational structure, the map strategic and the value chain. The second numeral in the evaluation and formulation provides the detailed analysis of aspects such as the description of the problem to be solved, the analysis of the possible alternatives, the choice of the alternative to be developed and the justification of the draft. In the third number of the document, the methodological framework is developed where the describes how the information needed to run the project will be collected. The room numeral consigns the studies and evaluations such as the technical study and market study. The fifth numeral shows the beginning of the project where it is important to highlight the development in detail of the business case and the integration management plan with the preparation of the Constitution. The sixth numeral of the document provides all the information about the WBS of the project, as well as its dictionary and the definition of the scope of the project, also requirements traceability matrix.

The cybersecurity skills shortage and gap are well-documented issues that are currently having an impact on national labour markets worldwide. While various initiatives related to cybersecurity skills have been proposed and multiple actions have been launched to address the problems, the shortage and gap persist. ENISA has a long tradition of studies and programmes that have attempted to mitigate similar cybersecurity issues. In an effort to increase the EU’s future cybersecurity workforce and ensure the availability of appropriately trained professionals, ENISA has investigated the problem further. In this report, ENISA contributes to both practice and research on the cybersecurity skills shortage and gap in two distinctive areas. Firstly, it provides an overview of the current supply of cybersecurity skills in Europe through an analysis of data gathered and generated by the recently established Cybersecurity Higher Education Database (CyberHEAD). Secondly, it describes the policy approaches adopted by EU Member States in their quest to increase and sustain their national cybersecurity workforces. These approaches have been classified and analysed based on objectives defined by ENISA’s National Capabilities Assessment Framework (NCAF), namely cybersecurity awareness, training, challenges and exercises. Here we note that this report focuses on the role of the higher education sector in addressing the EU cybersecurity skills shortage and gap, and therefore vocational or lower forms of education in cybersecurity related topics are not considered as core parts of this study. Based on the data collected and analysed under the two areas mentioned above, this report makes five recommendations to address the EU cybersecurity skills shortage and gap: - Increase enrolments and eventually graduates in cybersecurity programmes through: -- the diversification of the Higher Educational Institutes’ (HEIs) curricula in terms of content, levels and language. -- the provision of sch

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production and accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown and the lack of animal models mimicking the features of the human disease is creating a gap between the selection of anti-fibrotic drug candidates and effective therapies. In this work, we intended to pharmacologically validate a SSc-ILD model based on 1 week infusion of bleomycin (BLM) by osmotic minipumps in C57/BL6 mice, since it will serve as a tool for secondary drug screening. Nintedanib (NINT) has been used as a reference compound to investigate antifibrotic activity either for lung or skin fibrosis. Longitudinal Micro-CT analysis highlighted a significant slowdown in lung fibrosis progression after NINT treatment, which was confirmed by histology. However, no significant effect was observed on lung hydroxyproline content, inflammatory infiltrate and skin lipoatrophy. The modest pharmacological effect reported here could reflect the clinical outcome, highlighting the reliability of this model to better profile potential clinical drug candidates. The integrative approach presented herein, which combines longitudinal assessments with endpoint analyses, could be harnessed in drug discovery to generate more reliable, reproducible and robust readouts.

BACKGROUND: Statins are widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). With advancing age, the risks of statins might outweigh the potential benefits. It is unclear which factors influence general practitioners' (GPs) advice to stop statins in oldest-old patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of a history of CVD, statin-related side effects, frailty and short life expectancy, on GPs' advice to stop statins in oldest-old patients. DESIGN: We invited GPs to participate in this case-based survey. GPs were presented with 8 case vignettes describing patients > 80 years using a statin, and asked whether they would advise stopping statin treatment. MAIN MEASURES: Cases varied in history of CVD, statin-related side effects and frailty, with and without shortened life expectancy (< 1 year) in the context of metastatic, non-curable cancer. Odds ratios adjusted for GP characteristics (ORadj) were calculated for GPs' advice to stop. KEY RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred fifty GPs from 30 countries participated (median response rate 36%). Overall, GPs advised stopping statin treatment in 46% (95%CI 45-47) of the case vignettes; with shortened life expectancy, this proportion increased to 90% (95CI% 89-90). Advice to stop was more frequent in case vignettes without CVD compared to those with CVD (ORadj 13.8, 95%CI 12.6-15.1), with side effects compared to without ORadj 1.62 (95%CI 1.5-1.7) and with frailty (ORadj 4.1, 95%CI 3.8-4.4) compared to without. Shortened life expectancy increased advice to stop (ORadj 50.7, 95%CI 45.5-56.4) and was the strongest predictor for GP advice to stop, ranging across countries from 30% (95%CI 19-42) to 98% (95% CI 96-99). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of CVD, the presence of statin-related side effects, and frailty were all independently associated with GPs' advice to stop statins in patients aged > 80 years. Overall, and within all countries, cancer-related short life expectancy was the strongest independent predictor of GPs' advice

Background Statins are widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). With advancing age, the risks of statins might outweigh the potential benefits. It is unclear which factors influence general practitioners' (GPs) advice to stop statins in oldest-old patients. Objective To investigate the influence of a history of CVD, statin-related side effects, frailty and short life expectancy, on GPs' advice to stop statins in oldest-old patients. Design We invited GPs to participate in this case-based survey. GPs were presented with 8 case vignettes describing patients > 80 years using a statin, and asked whether they would advise stopping statin treatment. Main Measures Cases varied in history of CVD, statin-related side effects and frailty, with and without shortened life expectancy (< 1 year) in the context of metastatic, non-curable cancer. Odds ratios adjusted for GP characteristics (ORadj) were calculated for GPs' advice to stop. Key Results Two thousand two hundred fifty GPs from 30 countries participated (median response rate 36%). Overall, GPs advised stopping statin treatment in 46% (95%CI 45-47) of the case vignettes; with shortened life expectancy, this proportion increased to 90% (95CI% 89-90). Advice to stop was more frequent in case vignettes without CVD compared to those with CVD (ORadj 13.8, 95%CI 12.6-15.1), with side effects compared to without ORadj 1.62 (95%CI 1.5-1.7) and with frailty (ORadj 4.1, 95%CI 3.8-4.4) compared to without. Shortened life expectancy increased advice to stop (ORadj 50.7, 95%CI 45.5-56.4) and was the strongest predictor for GP advice to stop, ranging across countries from 30% (95%CI 19-42) to 98% (95% CI 96-99). Conclusions The absence of CVD, the presence of statin-related side effects, and frailty were all independently associated with GPs' advice to stop statins in patients aged > 80 years. Overall, and within all countries, cancer-related short life expectancy was the strongest independent predictor of GPs' adv

Background: Globally, many oldest-old (>80 years of age) suffer from several chronic conditions and take multiple medications. Ideally, their general practitioners (GPs) regularly and systematically search for inappropriate medications and, if necessary, deprescribe those. However, deprescribing is challenging due to numerous barriers not only within patients, but also within GPs. Research questions: How does the willingness to deprescribe in oldest-old with polypharmacy differ in GPs from different countries? What factors do GPs in different contexts perceive as important for deprescribing? Method: We assess GPs' willingness to deprescribe and the factors GPs perceive to influence their deprescribing decisions in a cross-sectional survey using case-vignettes of oldest-old patients with polypharmacy. We approach GPs in 28 European countries as well as in Israel, Brazil and New Zealand through national coordinators, who administer the survey in their GP network. The case vignettes differ in how dependent patients are and whether or not they have a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). For each case vignette, GPs are asked if and which medication they would deprescribe. GPs further rate to what extent pre-defined factors influence their deprescribe decisions. We will compare the willingness to deprescribe and the factors influencing deprescribing across countries. Multilevel models will be used to analyze the proportions of the deprescribed medications per case along the continuum of dependency and history of CVD and to analyze the factors perceived as influencing deprescribing decisions. Results: As of early-July 2018, the survey has been distributed in 14 countries and >650 responses have been returned. We will present first results at the conference. Conclusions: First, assessing GPs’ willingness to deprescribe and comparing the factors influencing GPs’ deprescribing decisions across countries will allow an understanding of the expected variation in the willingn

Background: Globally, many oldest-old (>80 years of age) suffer from several chronic conditions and take multiple medications. Ideally, their general practitioners (GPs) regularly and systematically search for inappropriate medications and, if necessary, deprescribe those. However, deprescribing is challenging due to numerous barriers not only within patients, but also within GPs. Research questions: How does the willingness to deprescribe in oldest-old with polypharmacy differ in GPs from different countries? What factors do GPs in different contexts perceive as important for deprescribing? Method: We assess GPs' willingness to deprescribe and the factors GPs perceive to influence their deprescribing decisions in a cross-sectional survey using case-vignettes of oldest-old patients with polypharmacy. We approach GPs in 28 European countries as well as in Israel, Brazil and New Zealand through national coordinators, who administer the survey in their GP network. The case vignettes differ in how dependent patients are and whether or not they have a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). For each case vignette, GPs are asked if and which medication they would deprescribe. GPs further rate to what extent pre-defined factors influence their deprescribe decisions. We will compare the willingness to deprescribe and the factors influencing deprescribing across countries. Multilevel models will be used to analyze the proportions of the deprescribed medications per case along the continuum of dependency and history of CVD and to analyze the factors perceived as influencing deprescribing decisions. Results: As of early-July 2018, the survey has been distributed in 14 countries and >650 responses have been returned. We will present first results at the conference. Conclusions: First, assessing GPs’ willingness to deprescribe and comparing the factors influencing GPs’ deprescribing decisions across countries will allow an understanding of the expected variation in the willingn

One field of application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence that is receiving increasing attention is the biomedical domain. The huge volume of data that is customary generated by hospitals and pharmaceutical companies all over the world could potentially enable a plethora of new applications. Yet, due to the complexity of such data, this comes at a high cost. We here review the activities of the research group composed by people of the Universidad Polit\'ecnica de Madrid and the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Spain; discuss their activities within two European projects, IASIS and BigMedilytics; and present some initial results.

Background: The intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in mice induces early damage to alveolar epithelial cells and development of inflammatio