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High protein content with lower carbohydrate content, highlights soy as a unique vegetable protein source and they are good milk substitutes. Soy contains isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly. Many studies show that individuals consuming foods high in vegetable proteins have lower risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disorders. Soybean is also an important source of bioenergy. As a source of bioenergy, preference is given to harvest residues that contain more cellulose and oil, for example soybean straw. In order to obtain greater energy benefits from soybeans, breeding is aimed at the production of varieties with higher biomass and increased oil yield per hectare, as well as the creation of varieties that would be more suitable for industrial processing for the production of technical oils. In this study, productive parameters of soybeans were examined in 2021 and 2022 in Dolovo, Serbia, on chernozem type soil. The subject of research was the soybean genotype Favorit. Average soybean yields varied from 2.8 t ha-1 (2022), to 2.92 t ha-1 (2022). The total soybean biomass yield was 4.15 t ha-1, while the biogas yield was 372 m3 ha-1. The year 2021 was more favorable for soybean production, where higher grain yields, biomass and biogas yields were achieved.

Food production is one of the world's biggest problems. Statistics record a dizzying increase in the world's population, with a particularly pronounced trend in the underdeveloped countries of the world, which are also the weakest food producers, which contributes to an uneven ratio in the production of components that are components of everyday food products. The goal of this bio paper is to make a market analysis of the production of wheat and corn for the market of the Republic of Croatia as inputs from which ready-made food is produced and to point out the importance of fiscal relief of production. This research will show how important it is to implement a sustainable production management policy to reduce production costs. The emphasis of the research was focused on models for reducing the tax burden on businesses to raise the level of market competitiveness. In the research, a supply and demand curve for wheat and corn was formed based on current prices and production volumes, and changes were shown when the tax burden is reduced. Adequate management of the production process must be put into the function of protecting the domestic market. In this way, it is possible to meet domestic needs and create conditions for the expansion of food production. Considering the current market circumstances, this topic is given great importance, since the available data show that the purchasing power of the majority of the population in the country is declining, that is, food is becoming more expensive and scarcer.

The food system in Vietnam is changing whilst the middle class is growing. Agrifood smallholders have the strengths of responding to the changing needs of the middle class by offering freshness, proximity and convenience but they also face increasing competition from larger and international firms. At the same time, issues with food safety are prevalent and a rising concern among consumers. For this study we completed sixteen co-creation workshops between local agri-food smallholders and consumers. The goal of these workshops was to explore the value of participatory processes, non-hierarchical decision making and creativity for smallholder firms in Vietnam through co-creation workshops focused on sustainability. The outcomes show that the workshops can stimulate customer understanding and participatory processes among the smallholder businesses, but creativity in the form of novel ideas less so. The workshops did not result in directly feasible or manageable product and service concepts. The topic of sustainable food opened a dialogue: insights between the firms and customers on this topic were mutually rich. The outcomes suggest that co-creation workshops can create a sense of community and urgency for sustainability. In the future, the challenge for smallholders is to invest in participatory processes with a long-term view on sustainability as well as come to practical design outcomes on the short term, Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Design for Sustainability

This thesis investigated the effects of mindset (health vs hedonic) and BMI (Body Mass Index) on brain responses to food, attention to food, and daily life snacking behaviours. It was observed that BMI does not significantly influence brain response and/or attention to food. Mindset, instead, determines brain response to food independent of tastiness and/or calorie content. That is, upon viewing foods, the level of brain activity was higher when participants focused on taste (hedonic mindset) as compared to calorie content (health mindset). Notably, information about food reward value – tastiness and calorie content – could be observed by looking at patterns, not levels, of brain activity. Future interventions aiming at increasing healthy behavior – or decreasing unhealthy behavior – could build on this work by placing mindset manipulations at the core of their design.

This research investigated the effect of the food values, positive anticipated emotions, attitude toward the brand, and attitude toward eating a hamburger on purchase intention in fast-food restaurants in Mexico conjointly. The purpose of this study was to discover which variables influenced the consumer´s intention to buy. Data was collected from a survey of 512 Mexicans fast-food consumers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized associations. The results showed that food values and positive anticipated emotions absolutely impact the attitude toward the brand, which impacts the purchase intention of the Mexican consumers. Nonetheless, the positive anticipated emotions impact stronger than food values, and the best way to get a purchase intention is toward the attitude of the brand rather than attitude toward eating a hamburger. The authors discussed inferences and suggestions for consumer approaches., This research was funded by Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Sistemas de Información de Marketing: Sistemas de información, modelización y gestión para la toma de decisiones en Marketing and the APC was funded by UPAEP.

application/pdf, Background: The effects of the different tempos of background music (BGM) on food intake and eating speed have not been fully studied. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the influence of changing the tempo of BGM during meals on food intake and to explore strategies to support appropriate eating behavior. Methods: Twenty-six healthy young adult women participated in this study. In the experimental phase, each participant ate a meal under three separate conditions: fast (120% speed), moderate (original, 100% speed), and slow (80% speed) BGM. The same music was used for each condition, and appetite before and after eating, the amount of food consumed, and eating speed were recorded. Results: The results showed that food intake (g, mean ±standard error (SE)) was slow: 317.9±22.2, moderate: 400.7±16.0, and fast: 342.9±22.0. Eating speed (g/s, mean ±SE) was slow: 28.1 ±2.8, moderate: 34.2±2.7, and fast: 27.2 ±2.4. The analysis showed that the moderate condition showed greater speed than the fast and slow conditions (slow–fast: p=.008; moderate–slow: p=.012; moderate–fast: p=.004). Moreover, the food intake in the moderate condition was significantly higher than that in the slow and fast conditions (moderate–slow: p < .001; moderate–fast: p < .001), and there was no significant difference between the slow and fast conditions in this regard (p=.077). Conclusion: These results suggest that original tempo BGM led to higher food intake compared to the faster and slower tempo conditions. These findings suggest that listening to music at an original tempo during meals may support appropriate eating behavior.

Food production is a major driver of climate change and environmental degradation. There is a political will to use public procurement as a strategic tool to promote more sustainable practices in the food industry. There are many aspects of sustainable food consumption, and one aspect that is getting increased attention is locally produced food. This study aims to examine how municipalities in the region of Skåne, Sweden, work with locally produced food, and the environmental impacts that work has. This is done by a mixed method including analyzing municipal food policy documents, conducting a survey for municipal officials working with the issues as well as interviewing representatives from some of the municipalities. The results show that increasing the use of locally produced foods is the most frequent sustainability goal in municipal food policies in Skåne. However, there is a lack of definition and clarity in what local politicians mean and aim to achieve with this goal. Furthermore, the results show that municipal officials face a range of challenges in the work of buying locally produced food, among the most common having to do with logistics and the Public Procurement act. Different measures have been taken to deal with these challenges, including adapting the procurement format, working with joint transportation of goods, cooperation with wholesalers, and dialog with local producers. Finally, the results show that there are both conflicts and synergies between working with locally produced foods and other sustainability aspects, such as ecologically produced food and plant-based meals. The study concludes that serving locally produced food has the potential to make the meals more sustainable, if done in a deliberate way. The study provides information for municipalities wanting to serve more local food as well as other actors wanting to support this practice., Hur kan Skånes kommuner servera mer närproducerad mat, och göra det hållbart? Det vanligaste hållbarhetsmålet när det kommer till kommunala måltider i Skåne är att öka andelen närproducerad mat, visar denna studie genom en genomgång av policyer. Det är dock inte helt enkelt för kommuner att köpa in närproducerad mat. Det är inte heller självklart att närproducerad mat är hållbar. Detta är fenomen som denna studie har tittat närmare på genom enkäter och intervjuer med kommunanställda. Att äta mat som inte har transporterats långa sträckor kan verka som ett självklart hållbart val. Transporten i sig står dock ofta för en mycket liten del av livsmedels miljöpåverkan, visar flera studier. Med det sagt finns det många andra anledningar till att välja lokal mat. Det kan främja social och ekonomisk hållbarhet i närområdet, bidra till en ökad förståelse för matproduktion hos elever, öka krisberedskapen och innebära mat som producerats med relativt stor hänsyn till miljö- och djurskydd. Detta är drivkrafter som gjort att närproducerad mat uppmärksammats allt mer av lokala skånska politiker. Det har skett ett skifte från ett stort fokus på ekologiskt producerad mat till närproducerad mat, även om det är stora skillnader mellan olika kommuner. Trots den stora politiska viljan att servera närproducerad mat vet många av de som ska förverkliga denna önskan inte riktigt vad politiken menar med det, eftersom man inte fått någon tydlig definition. Dessutom finns det en mängd utmaningar förknippade med att göra detta i praktiken. För det första får man enligt Lagen om offentlig upphandling, LOU, inte ställa krav på produkters ursprung. Vidare har kommuner ofta ett stort behov av produkter, och avtal med många små producenter kan innebära utmaningar vad gäller logistik och administration. Dessutom verkar många små producenter inte vara intresserade av att sälja till kommuner eftersom det upplevs som krångligt och krävande. Det har dock även framkommit en hel del möjliga lösningar på u

The long-lasting usage of fossil fuels has brought its negative impact on the planet and thus the society is turning towards more environmentally sustainable solutions in every aspect of life. This master’s thesis discusses the novel topic of integrating concentrated solar thermal collectors, which directly produce steam, to drying processes in the food industry, which is proven to currently emit significant amounts of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). The aim is to investigate the possible pathways solar thermal can be integrated to the industry, the minimization of fossil fuels usage, the CO2 emissions reduction, and the feasibility of the investment in concentrating thermal collectors’ fields. To achieve so, many visits have taken place to one of the most distinguished food industries in Greece, and in collaboration with it and the companies Absolicon and MG Sustainable in Sweden, a process layout is proposed that shows a steam mass flow reduction for the same yield, as well as CO2 emissions reduction and the economical feasibility for the implementation of the solar field., The implementation of parabolic trough collectors can offer direct steam generation in many processes, which can be well coupled with spray drying technology. Parabolic trough collectors are one of the solar thermal solutions that can be installed in small or large-scale in industries, with reasonable payback time, and can provide steam directly. Therefore, it is possible to bring sustainability to the food and dairy industry, with an efficient and innovative technology. Furthermore, spray drying is an efficient technology used in the food industry for drying various types of foods, ranging from milk to fruits. In this thesis report, it was found that it is feasible to implement parabolic trough collectors and that for an annual thermal energy need of 2220 MWh, for the specific industry studied, for the spray drying process, it may run entirely on solar thermal energy. For this energy to be produced from solar concentrating collectors with a one-axis tracking system, two different simulation tools were used and gave the result that each method simulates for 5 and 7 days per week respectively. In more detail, it was found that 2111 m2 of collector aperture area are required in a solar field close to the factory, in the case the industry operates with 8-hour shifts every day including weekends. On the other hand, if the industry operates only during weekdays with 8-hour shifts, the solar field size is 3833 m2, which is considerably higher. Furthermore, in both operating cases, it was found that the NPV was positive after the 25-year lifespan of the collectors and the 2 years of construction. In the case the industry operates during weekdays and weekends, with the reduced solar field size, the weighted NPV is 3 million € after 27 years. In the case the industry operates only during weekdays, the weighted NPV is 1.9 million €. Additionally, it was found that the CO2 reduction was 15215 tons, which corresponds to planting 28982 trees to absorb this amount of CO2 during t

This seminar will be a scientific exploration of the food we eat and enjoy. Each week we shall have a scientific edible experiment that will explore a specific food topic. This will be a hands-on seminar with mandatory attendance of at least 85%. Topics include, but are not limited to, what makes a good experiment, cheese making, joys of tofu, food biochemistry, the science of spice, what is taste? This course is the second in a series of two courses in kitchen chemistry. The prerequisite to Advanced Kitchen Chemistry is ES.287 Kitchen Chemistry, which is also on OCW.

Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use. Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users. Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: −0.86 [95% confidence interval: −1.32, −0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: −1.03 [−1.65, −0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con-sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: −1.43 [−2.12, −0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]). Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.

Beyond the production of food: how can Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture address nutrition challenges? Despite substantial strides in reducing poverty over the past five decades in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), these countries experience disproportionately high rates of undernutrition. Agriculture is a key sector that plays a significant role in addressing malnutrition by addressing food insecurity. Particularly promising are nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions, which are agricultural interventions that incorporate a clear objective to improve nutrition and integrate nutrition actions to achieve the nutrition objective, thereby also addressing nutrition security. As a part of the multisectoral response, NSA interventions address multiple underlying causes of malnutrition. However, studies on the mechanisms by which such interventions impact nutrition and which factors influence outcomes are scarce. Therefore, this PhD research aimed to gain insights into the impact pathways of NSA interventions to improve nutritional status, as well as the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of the interventions in LMICs. This research used a mixed-methods study design that included two systematic reviews and two case studies based on NSA projects implemented in Bangladesh and Lao PDR. In six articles (4 already published), we explain the effects of NSA interventions on nutrition, the pathways to their, and the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of the interventions. Three chapters demonstrate that NSA interventions can address the multiple determinants of malnutrition, significantly improve diet, reduce micronutrient deficiency, and, to a lesser extent, reduce underweight. This PhD research confirms that NSA interventions can contribute to nutrition through pathways of agricultural production, agricultural income, and women’s empowerment. In addition, this study puts forward the idea of labelling nutrition-relate

Objective: The International humanitarian law addresses the tension between safeguarding people and preserving the rights of soldiers within the intricate context of armed conflicts. The proposal sets up an in-depth examination of the complex processes that support the public and armed forces within this crucial legal framework in times of conflict. The core proposal, traces the evolution of armed conflicts and international humanitarian law from their earliest days to their present-day manifestations. The Conventions of Geneva and their supplementary protocols form the basis that allows the safety of civilians and ensure the foods in war zones. The significance of differentiating between those fighting and those living in a war zone, a core premise of international humanitarian law, is clarified. The proposed concept of proportionality is investigated, bringing down the complex math that goes into balancing military requirements with the desire to prevent civilian injury. The theoretical framework offers instances taken from earlier times and current moments that illustrate the quiet interplay of these ideas. The implementation of international humanitarian law poses major challenges in an atmosphere marked by non-governmental organizations, unconventional strategies, and technological advances. The work analyzes these contemporary challenges and highlights the fuzzy boundary that divides combatants and people in this time of increased uncertainty. Migration, lack of food, mortality, and lifelong communal traumas often rush to the head when citizen safety is violated.   Method: The security of Civilians based on Human Rights (SC-HR) of war emphasizes the core principles of humanitarian law even amid conflict, emphasizing the crucial function for international organizations and humanitarian actors in alleviating humanitarian pain.   Result: The proposal provides an expression of the fundamental rights of combatants by explaining the safety measur

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that causes debilitating symptoms. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend a special diet for people with MS to slow disease progression and reduce symptoms. Little is known about the dietary choices made by people with MS. This study aimed to explore the interpretations of healthy eating in people recently diagnosed with MS. Objectives were to investigate the types of changes in food choices and to describe the impact of making these changes. Design/methodology/approach: A social constructionist approach applying qualitative secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews was conducted (n = 11). Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using a deductive approach. Findings: Participants were mostly female (82%), mean age 47 years and mean time since diagnosis eight months. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) moving in the direction of the dietary guidelines, (2) modifying intake of dietary fat, (3) requiring mental effort and (4) needing input from a dietitian. Practical implications: The directions of food choices and the absence of dietetic input highlighted in this study suggest the need for evidence-based nutrition education that enables people with MS to tailor dietary guidelines according to their preferences. Originality/value: How people interpret healthy eating advice and the impact on making food choice changes is useful for explaining dietary changes in MS. Special diets promoted for MS provide conflicting advice, and the lack of access to dietitians means that additional mental effort is required when interpreting healthy eating messages and diets.

The food issue, in its broadest sense, has been consolidated on the international agendas as a relevant and priority issue, due to the importance of the urban population in the agri-food system and its eco social consequences for achieving sustainability. Understanding how food environments (landscapes) are presented in cities and their correlation with specific geographical areas, allow to understand the existing dynamics in those territories. A theoretical-methodological approach is based on the metaphors of deserts, oases and food swamps. The objective of the study is to present the food environment in Saltillo, Coahuila, through the geostatistical distribution of food product establishments, their area of influence and their relationship with urban marginalization. According to the results obtained, the swamps cover 49%, while the desert covers 29 and oases 22% of the analyzed territory. That is, regardless of the level of marginalization, the population is constantly exposed to an obesogenic environment that is unfavorable for healthy foods. Likewise, few areas classified as deserts were presented, which does not mean that there is no population that is presenting food insecurity or difficulties in accessing a healthy and varied diet., La cuestión alimentaria, en su sentido más amplio, se ha consolidado en la agenda internacional como tema relevante y prioritario, debido a la importancia que tiene la población urbana en el sistema agroalimentario y sus consecuencias ecosociales para alcanzar la sostenibilidad. Comprender cómo se presentan los entornos (paisajes) alimentarios en las ciudades y su correlación con una zona geográfica determinada, permite entender las dinámicas existentes en dichos territorios. Un acercamiento teórico-metodológico es a partir de las metáforas de desiertos, oasis y pantanos alimentarios. Así, el objetivo del estudio es presentar el entorno alimentario en Saltillo, Coahuila, mediante la distribución geoestadística de los establecimientos comercializadores de productos alimentarios, su área de influencia y su relación con los grados de marginación urbana. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los pantanos abarcan el 49% del territorio analizado, mientras que el desierto cubre el 29% y los oasis el 22%. Esto es, independientemente del nivel de marginación, la población está expuesta constantemente a un entorno obesogénico poco favorable para la alimentación saludable. Asimismo, se presentaron pocos espacios catalogados como desiertos, lo que no significa que no exista población que esté presentando inseguridad alimentaria o dificultades para acceder a una alimentación sana y variada.

In this interview, Professor Emeritus of the University of Seville Encarnación Aguilar Criado answers a series of questions about rurality, food quality and tradition by looking back over her excellent academic, intellectual and life trajectory. Her reflections begin with a description of her early work on gender and domestic production by embroiderers of manila shawls in Seville, and continue with her research on food quality, tradition and innovation from the point of view of producers in rural environments. In this interview, the author also mentions the different researchers and intellectuals who have accompanied her throughout these years, allowing us to understand and contextualise the work developed during a whole academic life dedicated to teaching and research from the point of view of Social Anthropology., En esta entrevista la Catedrática de la Universidad de Sevilla Encarnación Aguilar Criado responde a una serie de cuestionamientos sobre ruralidad, calidad alimentaria y tradición mediante una mirada retrospectiva a su excelsa trayectoria académica, intelectual y vital. Sus reflexiones comienzan con la descripción de sus primeros trabajos sobre género y producción doméstica de las bordadoras de los mantones de manila en Sevilla, hasta llegar a sus investigaciones sobre calidad alimentaria, tradición e innovación desde el punto de vista de los productores en los entornos rurales. En esta entrevista, la autora hace mención también a las diferentes investigadoras/es e intelectuales que la han acompañado a lo largo de estos años, permitiéndonos comprender, y contextualizar, el trabajo desarrollado durante toda una vida académica dedicada a la docencia y la investigación desde la mirada de la Antropología Social.

In this introductory reflection entitled "Reconfigurations, complexities and articulations of food, society and territory", which also constitutes the presentation of the present dossier "Agro-food plots: transformations and links between society, food and territory", the interest in contributing to knowledge about the agro-food business, as well as the complexities, processes, interactions and dynamics that unfold around it, is explored in depth. This, highlighting the social, economic, environmental and cultural implications of the meanings and practices of food, economic activities, eating habits, and the configuration and reconfiguration of the act of eating itself. This introductory section not only introduces us to the contents of the dossier, but also synthesises the contributions of the interviews conducted with experts on the subject, the value of the translation of a text of thematic interest, as well as the ten academic articles written by the authors, from different latitudes, and with perspectives from different disciplines and methodological frameworks., En la reflexión introductoria titulada “Reconfiguraciones, complejidades y articulaciones de la alimentación, la sociedad y el territorio” y que también constituye la presentación al presente dossier “Tramas agroalimentarias: transformaciones y vínculos entre sociedad, alimentación y territorio”, se profundiza sobre el interés de abonar al conocimiento en torno al quehacer agroalimentario, así como a las complejidades, procesos, interacciones y dinámicas que alrededor de este se desenvuelven. Esto, destacando las implicaciones sociales, económicas, ambientales y culturales de los sentidos y practicas alimentarias, las actividades económicas, las comensalidades, y las configuraciones y reconfiguraciones del acto alimenticio mismo. Este apartado de presentación nos introduce no sólo al contenido del dossier, sino que también sintetiza los aportes de las entrevistas realizadas a expertos del tema, la valía de la traducción de un texto de interés temático, así como sobre los diez artículos académicos realizados por las y los autores, provenientes de distintas latitudes, y con miradas desde diferentes disciplinas y marcos metodológicos.

Objective: To document the cultural importance and management of plants with emphasis on food species of Ch'ol communities of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: Oriented from ethnoagroecological approach, participatory methodological tools and mixed analysis of the information were applied. Results: The analysis of the cultural importance of edible plants (CII) registered ranges between 0.0005 to 15,500, the high values indicate groups of plants that are consumed more frequently, which shows their roots in the food culture of these peoples. The management criteria in the HG show two practices carried out by the families: ex situ and in situ management. In the first, cultivated plants are mainly registered (40.1%), the second emphasizes four levels of agricultural work, collection (8.4%), tolerance (12.1%), promotion (10.9%) and protection (28.6%); In this sense, the management intensity (MI) recognized species with intervals of 0.2129 + 0.6239. Limitations: the Covid-19 period limited the last coexistence visits to the FPU that were originally contemplated. Conclusions: the vegetable component that is managed in the home garden family constitutes a basic element that defines a sustainable food system. In this sense, together with the valuation of practices of these social groups, family farming may be aiming to build foundations that explain motives involved in the domestication of food plants in Mesoamerica., Objetivo: documentar la importancia cultural y manejo de plantas con énfasis en las especies alimenticias de comunidades ch’oles de Chiapas, México. Metodología: enfoque etnoagroecológico, se aplicaron herramientas metodológicas participativas y análisis mixto de la información. Resultados: indican grupos de plantas que se consumen con mayor frecuencia, lo que evidencia su arraigo en la cultura alimentaria de estos pueblos. Los criterios de manejo en el HF evidencian dos prácticas ejecutadas por las familias: el manejo ex situ e in situ. En la primera se registran principalmente las plantas cultivadas (40.1%), la segunda enfatiza cuatro niveles de labores agrícolas, recolección (8.4%), tolerancia (12.1%), fomento (10.9%) y protección (28.6%); en este sentido, la intensidad de manejo (IM) reconoció especies con intervalos de 0.2129 + 0.6239. Limitaciones: el periodo de Covid-19 limitó las últimas visitas de convivencia a las UPF que se contemplaba originalmente. Conclusiones: el componente vegetal, que se maneja en el huerto familiar, constituye un elemento básico que define un sistema alimentario sostenible; en este sentido, junto a la valoración de prácticas de estos grupos sociales, la agricultura familiar puede estar apuntando a construir fundamentos que expliquen motivos partícipes en la domesticación de plantas alimenticias en Mesoamérica.

This paper is a historical-theoretical reflection that links the evolution of the different international food regimes with the historical periods of capital accumulation, emphasizing the historical and political conditions under which these sectoral modes of agri-food regulation took place. Through an exhaustive theoretical review, we analyse the geographical expansion of capitalism in the first international food regimes; the exceptionally reformist period that characterized the second international food regimes; and, finally, neoliberalism in the third international food regimes. In the conclusions we highlight that food production and trade have played an important role in underpinning the massive industrializations that accompanied each of the periods of accumulation. These successive periods of accumulation were based on the expansion of the frontiers of capitalist world ecology, which involved a major expansion of the market, huge processes of proletarianization of peasants and the accelerated extraction of ecological surplus value., El presente trabajo constituye una reflexión histórico-teórica que vincula el devenir de los distintos regímenes alimentarios internacionales (RAI) con los periodos históricos de acumulación del capital, enfatizando en las condiciones históricas y políticas a partir de los cuales estos modos de regulación sectoriales y agroalimentarios tuvieron lugar. A través de una exhaustiva revisión teórica, analizamos la expansión geográfica del capitalismo en el primer RAI; el periodo excepcionalmente reformista que caracterizó al segundo RAI y, finalmente, neoliberalismo en el tercer RAI. En las conclusiones resaltamos que la producción y el comercio de alimentos han jugado un importante papel en su rol de apuntalar las industrializaciones masivas que acompañaron cada uno de los periodos de acumulación. Estos sucesivos periodos de acumulación se basaron en la expansión de las fronteras de la ecología mundo capitalista, que supusieron una importante ampliación del mercado, enormes procesos de proletarización de campesinos y la extracción acelerada de plusvalores ecológicos.

Our research unveils how China’s food-related imports from 1992 to 2020 changed in composition by decreasing the imports of some commodities in favor of others. Their origins suggest that some countries are being substituted as commercial partners for specific commodities. We empirically identified outliers by setting interquartile limits at the commodity level and by origin. Unit-root and normality tests were applied. Finally, Spearman or Pearson correlation coefficients were computed where appropriate. Results indicate that imports are stabilizing during the studied period. China increased its imports of Sugar and cereals to the detriment of edible preparations, live animals, trees, and oilseeds. Some Asian countries are capturing part of the market once dominated by North America or Europe. Finally, lower dependence on partners was found for meat, gums, cocoa, and edible preparations. This methodology might help those analyzing the effects of trade agreements, country specialization, and strategic decisions.

The economic, cultural and social importance of the turkey is evidenced by its wide use in Mexican cuisine, social and religious celebrations. The surpluses produced by backyard farming are sold in local markets, which makes it possible to raise income to supplement the diet. The study was carried out in 2014 in the district markets of the Central Valleys region of Oaxaca, Mexico where 744 surveys were applied in a stratified sample, applied in a directed manner. Subsequently, with the data collected, a statistical analysis of independence (X2) (p < 0.05). was carried out. As a result, the participants in the commercialization are mostly women (66%) with an age range of 31-59 years, dedicated to housework and farming. They are indifferent to the sex and color of the turkeys, preferring turkeys for reproduction and mature ones for consumption, their main culinary use being in mole. In the markets, a greater commercialization was observed with the females (64%), with an approximate weight of 5.5 to 7 kg for males and 3.1 to 6.1 kg for females that oscillate between $300- 450 for males and $231-375 for females., La importancia económica, cultural y social del guajolote se evidencia por su amplio uso en la cocina mexicana, celebraciones sociales y religiosas. Los excedentes producidos por la meleagricultura de traspatio son comercializados en los mercados locales, lo que posibilita captar ingresos que permiten complementar la dieta de los productores. El estudio se realizó en el año 2014 en los mercados distritales de la región de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, México donde se aplicaron 744 encuestas en un muestreo estratificado de manera dirigida. Posteriormente, con los datos recabados se realizó un análisis estadístico de independencia (X2) (p<0.05). Se obtuvo como resultado que los participantes de la comercialización fueron en su mayoría mujeres (66%) con un rango de edad de 31-59 años, dedicadas a las labores del hogar y del campo. A los productores fue indiferente el sexo y el color de los guajolotes y prefirieron pavipollos para reproducción y a los maduros para consumo en mole. En los mercados se logró observar una mayor comercialización de las hembras (64%), con un peso aproximado 3.1 a 6.1 kg y un precio que oscila entre $231 y 375 por individuo, mientras que los machos pesaron de 5.5 a 7 kg y costaron entre $300 y 450 para machos por animal.

This paper seeksthe gastronomic trajectory of DonaFlor, a literary cook built by the Bahian novelist Jorge Amado (1912-2001). This paper uses the concept of “Total Social Fact” elaborated by the French sociologist Marcel Mauss as a guideline to articulate other fields of knowledge with the gastronomic references present in the novel DonaFlor and her two husbands. The aim was to explore new readings for the relationship established between women and food in the novel, proposing new paths beyond the “seduction tool” discussed by previous research focusing on religious manifestations., Esse artigo aborda a trajetória gastronômica de Dona Flor, cozinheira literária construída pelo romancista baiano Jorge Amado (1912-2001). O trabalho se utiliza do conceito de “Fato Social Total” elaborado pelo sociólogo francês Marcel Mauss como fio condutor para articular outros campos do saber com as referências gastronômicas presentes no romance Dona Flor e seus dois maridos. O objetivo foi perscrutar novas leituras para a relação estabelecida entre a mulher e a comida no romance, propondo novos caminhos para além da “ferramenta de sedução” discorrida por pesquisas anteriores com foco nas manifestações religiosas.

Objetive: To present a reflection on the role played by indigenous women and the cultural aspects of community food security, specifically, from the experiences of the Kamëntšá mamitas. Methodology: The methodology used to develop the research from which this article is derived is ethnographic.Participant observation was carried out for three months living with eight Kamëntšá mamitas in their ancestral territory, the Sibundoy Valley in Putumayo, Colombia. Other research techniques were also employed, such as ethnographic interviewing,recording of formal and informal conversations, and secondary source review. Results: The relationship between the activities, practices, and knowledge of some Kamëntšá women with the land was identified, specifically, with the care andcultivation of the chagras or jajañ. Based on this relationship, it became clear thatto achieve food security, it is necessary to consider the symbolic aspects that these women attribute to food plants such as maize, the classification they make of food,the search to maintain good health and, therefore, the importance of their role in food policies. Conclusions: To achieve food security, it is necessary to recognize community dynamics in relation to land, traditional subsistence production systems, culturally attributed meanings of food and the role of women. This, understandingthat it is not only developed in the search for the reproduction of the group, but also the productive, public, and health systems., Objetivo: apresentar uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelas mulheres indígenas e os aspectos culturais para a segurança alimentar da comunidade; especificamente, a partir das experiências das mamitas kamëntšá. Metodologia: a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa da qual este artigo é derivado é a etnográfica. A observação dos participantes foi realizada por um período de três meses vivendo com oito mulheres kamëntšá em seu território ancestral, o Vale Sibundoy. Outras técnicas de pesquisa também foram utilizadas, tais como entrevistas etnográficas, a gravação de conversas formais e informais e a revisão de fontes secundárias. Resultados: A relação entre as atividades, práticas e conhecimentos de algumas mulheres kamëntšá com a terra foi identificada; especificamente, com o cuidado e cultivo nos chagras ou jajañ. A partir desta relação ficou claro que em favor da segurança alimentar é necessário considerar os aspectos simbólicos que estas mulheres atribuem às plantas alimentícias como o milho, a classificação que fazem sobre a alimentação, a busca da manutenção da boa saúde e, portanto, a importância de seu papel nas políticas alimentares. Conclusões: Para alcançar a segurança alimentar, é necessário reconhecer a dinâmica comunitária em relação à terra, aos sistemas tradicionais de produção de subsistência, aos significados culturalmente atribuídos à alimentação e ao papel da mulher. Isto, entendendo que não se desenvolve apenas na busca da reprodução do grupo, mas também nos sistemas produtivo, público e de saúde, Objetivo: presentar una reflexión sobre el rol que desempeñan las mujeres indígenas y losaspectos culturales para la seguridad alimentaria de la comunidad; específicamente, desde las experiencias de las mamitas kamëntšá. Metodología: la metodología empleada para el desarrollo de la investigación de la cual se deriva este artículo es de tipo etnográfico. Se realizó observación participante por un periodo de tres meses conviviendo con ochomamitas kamëntšá en su territorio ancestral, el Valle del Sibundoy. Igualmente, se emplearon otras técnicas de investigación, como la entrevista etnográfica, el registro de conversacionesformales e informales y revisión de fuente secundaria. Resultados: se identificó la relación entre las actividades, prácticas y saberes de algunas mujeres kamëntšá conla tierra; específicamente, con el cuidado y cultivo en las chagras o jajañ. A partir de esta relación se visibilizó que en favor del alcance de la seguridad alimentaria es necesario considerar los aspectos simbólicos que estas mujeres le atribuyen a plantas alimentarias como el maíz, la clasificación que hacen sobre los alimentos, la búsqueda del mantenimiento de una buena salud y, por ende, la importancia de su papel en las políticas alimentarias. Conclusiones: para alcanzar la seguridad alimentaria es necesario reconocer las dinámicas de la comunidad con relación con la tierra, los sistemas productivos tradicionales de subsistencia, los significados atribuidos culturalmente a los alimentos y el papel de la mujer. Ello, entendiendo que no solo se desarrolla en la búsqueda de la reproducción del grupo, sino también en el sistema productivo, público y la salud.

This research was carried out with the objective of describing the morphological and sensory attributes of native cocoa in the Bagua province, Peru. It took place in the districts: Aramango, Copallín. El Parco, Imaza and La Peca. A population of 234 cocoa farms and a stratified sample of 70 farms were considered. Physicochemical characteristics were analyzed in the fruits (weight, length, diameter, grains, pH and ºBrix); sensory (basic flavors) and their descriptors (color, shape, basal constriction and apex). Main Component Analysis was used for the performance of the variables The values for the fruit regarding weight and diameter were higher in La Peca and Aramango, respectively. The characteristics of the bean were predominantly sweet (more in La Peca) and with a length (> 1.2 cm) required to produce quality chocolates. The yellow color (88.6%), elliptical shape (80%) and absent basal constriction (71.4%) stood out in the fruit., Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de describir los atributos morfológicos y sensoriales de cacao nativo en la provincia Bagua, Perú. Se llevó a cabo en los distritos: Aramango, Copallín, El Parco, Imaza y La Peca. Se consideró una población de 234 fincas cacaoteras y una muestra estratificada de 70 fincas. En los frutos se analizaron características fisicoquímicas (peso, longitud, diámetro, granos, pH y ºBrix); sensorial (sabores básicos) y sus descriptores (color, forma, constricción basal y ápice). Se usó el Análisis de Componentes Principales para el desempeño de las variables. Los valores para el fruto respecto al peso y diámetro fueron mayores en La Peca y Aramango, respectivamente. Las características del grano predominantemente fueron dulces (más en La Peca) y con una longitud (> 1.2 cm) requerida para elaborar chocolates de calidad. Resaltó en el fruto el color amarillo (88.6%), forma elíptica (80%) y constricción basal ausente (71.4%).

Objective:To analyze the habitual food of Afro-Mexicans in the context of two historical processes and the regional exercise of production/power. Methodology: Interviews and participant observation in two regions with a history of hacienda/ejido production; socio-economic references, 24-hour recall diet, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. Results: The food lists reflect availabilityand biodiversity, but not access and habitual consumption. Interstices, spaces with a greater margin of freedom were identified for the manifestation and development of a peasant food culture. Limitations: The 24-hour diet was for one day and consumption outside home was not considered. Conclusions: The sociohistorical condition of production/power determines a major part of the food system, based on foods and techniques reproduced by the indigenous population. There are regional dietary differences, however, to a large extent it corresponds to the diet of rural populations. The food provides enough energy/vitamins,and this comes mainly from corn, beans, rice and green, white and red vegetables., Objetivo: analizar la alimentación habitual de los afromexicanos en el contexto de dos procesos históricos y el ejercicio regional de producción/poder. Metodología: entrevistas y observación participante en dos regiones con historia de producción hacienda/ejido; referencias socioeconómicas, dieta de recordatorio de 24 horas, lactancia y alimentación complementaria. Resultados: las listas de alimentos reflejan disponibilidad y biodiversidad, pero no acceso y consumo habitual. Quedaron identificados intersticios, espacios con mayor margen de libertad para la manifestación y desarrollo de una cultura alimentaria campesina. Limitaciones: la dieta de 24 horas fue de un día y el consumo fuera del hogar no fue considerado. Conclusiones: la condición sociohistórica de producción determina buena parte del sistema alimentario, con base en alimentos y técnicas reproducidos por la población indígena. Hay diferencias alimentarias regionales, sin embargo, en buena medida corresponde a la alimentación de las poblaciones campesinas. Los alimentos aportan suficiente energía/vitaminas y esta proviene principalmente del maíz, frijol, arroz y las verduras de color verde, blanca y roja.

Objective: Determine the change in spending on ultra-processed foods (AUP) in family farmers in rural Peru in 2009 and 2019. Methodology: Secondary analysis study of the National Household Survey (ENAHO) for the years 2009 and 2019. The study population was family farmers from the rural area of Peru. The average monthly expenditure on AUP consumed within the home for the years 2009 and 2019 was determined and the differences in expenditure were estimated for the total rural domain and the geographic domains of the north, center and south coast, northern, central, and southern Sierra and jungle. Student’s T-test and the Z-test of proportions were used to assess the average and percentage change in total spending on the purchase of AUP. Results: The average spending on AUP was S/82.56 in 2009 and S/74.18 in 2019, this reduction was significant for the total Rural domain and in 5 of 7 domains (p<0.05), these results were similar in the percentage of total spending devoted to the purchase of AUP.Conclusions: The results of the study show that the average spending on AUP of family farmers in rural areas in 2019 had a small but significant reduction compared to spending in 2009; this trend was maintained in 5 of 7 study domains., Objetivo: Determinar el cambio del gasto en alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP) en agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú, en los años 2009 y 2019. Metodología: Estudio de análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) del año 2009 y 2019. La población de estudio fueron los agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú. Se determinó el gasto promedio mensual en AUP consumidos dentro del hogar para el año 2009 y 2019 y se estimaron las diferencias en el gasto para el dominio rural total y los dominios geográficos costa norte, centro y sur, sierra norte, centro y sur y selva. Se usó la prueba T de Student y la prueba Z de proporciones para evaluar el cambio promedio y porcentuales del gasto total destinado a la compra de AUP. Resultados: El promedio de gasto en AUP fue de S/82,56 en 2009 y de S/74,18 en 2019, esta reducción resultó significativa para el dominio rural total y en 5 de 7 dominios (p<0,05), estos resultados fueron simi-lares en el porcentaje del gasto total destinado a la compra de AUP. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio muestran que el promedio de gasto en AUP de agricultores fami-liares de zona rural del año 2019 tuvo una pequeña pero significativa reducción comparado con el gasto en 2009, esta tendencia se mantuvo en 5 de 7 dominios de estudio.

Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of unhealthy foods are associated with overweight and obesity in the population. The consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes has decreased over time and a large part of the Chilean population does not meet the daily intake recommendations. Objective: To determine the relationship between the BMI of Chilean adults and the consumption and frequency of various natural, processed, and ultra-processed foods. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study in 516 subjects between 18 and 68 years of age. Nutritional status was determined by means of BMI. To analyze the consumption of natural foods and processed food, the survey on eating habits was used. The participants signed an informed consent. The values obtained were analyzed with the statistical program SPSS®. The results obtained were analyzed using T-Student, Pearson’s Chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact test, to define the association between them. Results: 0.8% of those evaluated were classified as low weight; 42.2% with normal nutritional status; 42.8% overweight and 14.0% obese. 37.8% of those evaluated do not consume fruits daily; 22.9% do not consume vegetables during the day and 26.4% do not consume legumes weekly. 39.5% of people drink 1 or more servings of sugary drinks per day and 35.3% consume fried foods 1 or more times per week. A higher consumption of fruits (p=0.04), vegetables (p=0.002) and legumes (p=0.03) was associated with a lower BMI. High consumption of sugary drinks and juices was associated with a higher BMI (p=0.002). Finally, a significant association was found between the consumption of vegetables per day, legumes per week, and sweetened juices with respect to nutritional status (95% confidence). Conclusions: A high frequency of overweight and obesity was observed, accompanied by a low consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes. Adults who had a higher intake of natural foods had a lower BMI, in contrast to those who, Introducción: El sedentarismo y el consumo de alimentos no saludables se asocian con sobrepeso y obesidad en la población. El consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres ha disminuido con el tiempo y gran parte de la población chilena no cumple con las recomendaciones de ingesta diaria. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el IMC de adultos chilenos y el consumo y frecuencia de diversos alimentos naturales, procesados y ultraprocesados. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico en 516 sujetos entre 18 y 68 años. Se determinó el estado nutricional por medio de IMC. Para analizar el consumo de alimentos naturales y comida procesada se utilizó la encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios. Los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Los valores obtenidos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS®. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analiza-dos por medio de T-Student, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, ANOVA de una vía y prueba exacta de Fisher, para así definir la asociación entre ellos. Resultados: El 0,8 % de los evaluados se clasificó como bajo peso; 42,2% con estado nutricional normal; 42,8% en sobrepeso y el 14,0% con obesidad. El 37,8% de los evaluados no consume frutas diariamente; el 22,9% no consume verduras durante el día y 26,4% no consume legumbres semanalmente. El 39,5% de las personas toma al día 1 o más porciones de bebidas azucaradas y el 35,3% consume frituras 1 o más veces por semana. Un mayor consumo de frutas (p=0,04), verduras (p=0,002) y legumbres (p=0,03) se asoció a un menor IMC. El consumo elevado de bebidas y jugos azucarados se asoció a un mayor IMC (p=0,002). Finalmente, se evidenció una asociación significativa entre el consumo de verduras al día, legumbres por semana y jugos azucarados respecto del estado nutricional (95% de confianza).Conclusiones: Se observó una frecuencia elevada de sobrepeso y obesidad acompañado de un bajo con-sumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Los adultos que tenían una ingesta mayor de alimentos naturales present

Introduction. Consumption of transgenic foods constitutes a potential health risk. However, in Peru there is a lack of updated and reliable information on the presence of transgenics in food and on the relevant data on their labeling; in the same way about the food consumed by animals for supply, whose products are going to be ingested by humans. Objetive. To determine the transgenicity, through the detection of the 35S promoter, in industrialized corn food products for human and animal consumption, which are marketed in Lima and to verify if the labeling mentions whether or not it contains transgenic sequences. Methods. 30 food samples for human consumption and 10 for consumption by animals for production were analyzed; and the labeling was revised. The Dneasy Mericon Food kit was used for DNA extraction, the Real Time-PCR method for P35S detection using the Mericon Screen 35S kit, and the Mericon Quant Mon 810 kit to determine the copy concentration. Results. P35S was detected in 66,66% of the samples for human consumption, and in 90.00% of the samples for animal consumption. The labeling of 100% of the samples for human and animal consumption does not mention whether or not it contains transgenic components. Conclusions. The detection of transgenic content in the majority of industrialized corn foods for humans and animals demonstrates the need to mention them on the label and the implementation of a demanding policy on food biosafety., Introducción. El consumo de alimentos transgénicos constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud. Sin embargo, en el Perú se carece de información actualizada y confiable sobre la presencia de transgénicos en los alimentos y sobre los datos pertinentes en su etiquetado; de igual manera sobre los alimentos que consumen los animales de abasto, cuyos productos van a ser ingeridos por el humano. Objetivo. Determinar la transgenicidad, mediante la detección del promotor 35S, en productos alimenticios industrializados de maíz para consumo humano y animal, que se comercializan en Lima y verificar sí en el etiquetado se menciona si contiene o no secuencias transgénicas. Métodos. Se analizaron 30 muestras de alimentos para consumo humano y 10 para consumo de animales de abasto; y se revisó el etiquetado. Para la extracción del ADN se utilizó el kit Dneasy Mericon Food, para la detección del P35S el método Real Time-PCR empleando el kit Mericon Screen 35S y para determinar la concentración de copias el kit Mericon Quant Mon 810. Resultados. Se detectó el P35S en el 66,66% de las muestras para consumo humano, y en el 90,00% de las muestras para consumo animal. En el etiquetado del 100% de las muestras para consumo humano y animal no se menciona si contiene o no componentes transgénicos. Conclusiones. La detección de contenido transgénico en la mayoría de los alimentos industrializados de maíz para humanos y animales evidencian la necesidad de su mención en el etiquetado y de la implementación de una política exigente en bioseguridad alimentaria.

Architecture, as a discipline, has the potential to serve as a catalyst for cultivating an awareness of our intrinsic connection to the Earth and the broader universe. However, in the contemporary world, architectural practices frequently tend to alienate us from the natural environment, compelling many of us to inhabit indoor spaces reliant on centralized utility systems. This reliance, in turn, exerts significant stress on the Earth's ecosystems. The essence of architecture should instead lie in its capacity to engage with the surrounding natural elements, including the sun, wind, earth, and rain, thereby prompting individuals to acknowledge their geographical and planetary context. By harnessing these natural forces at the local level, architectural structures could autonomously provide their occupants with essential resources such as energy, water, and sustenance throughout the year. This thesis embarks on an exploration of the feasibility of integrating these principles of passive design into architectural structures, with the overarching goal of imparting experiential learning opportunities to the broader public. Through this endeavor, architecture can transcend its conventional role and emerge as a conduit for disseminating knowledge and awareness about sustainable living practices. Ultimately, this reimagined role for architecture can play a pivotal part in catalyzing the ongoing human evolution towards enhanced health and resilience, both as individuals and as a species.

In recent years, the environmental degradation caused by carbon emissions has become more and more serious. It is particularly important to achieve the dual carbon goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutral". The food packaging process accounts for a large portion of carbon emissions in the food industry and is an important concern for carbon reduction. While the task of carbon reduction is particularly important, it is also important to design food packaging with the user's experience in mind. This is the reason why interactive packaging design, which focuses on two-way communication and user experience, is used in the design of this paper. To corroborate the design scheme, the carbon footprint analysis of three packaging methods for 200g cooked peanuts was conducted in this paper. The final carbon footprints of vacuum, air, and modified atmosphere packaging methods were 36.18, 54.78, and 218.86 gCO2eq respectively. Subsequently, the sensitivity of different packaging methods is analyzed. It is found that vacuum packaging is more sensitive to changes in emission factors. The final carbon footprint value is changed by 16.31% under the direct influence of emission factors, while the final carbon footprint values in air and modified atmosphere packaging are 4.88% and 0.78% respectively, which are less affected by the change of factors.

This paper seeksthe gastronomic trajectory of DonaFlor, a literary cook built by the Bahian novelist Jorge Amado (1912-2001). This paper uses the concept of “Total Social Fact” elaborated by the French sociologist Marcel Mauss as a guideline to articulate other fields of knowledge with the gastronomic references present in the novel DonaFlor and her two husbands. The aim was to explore new readings for the relationship established between women and food in the novel, proposing new paths beyond the “seduction tool” discussed by previous research focusing on religious manifestations., Esse artigo aborda a trajetória gastronômica de Dona Flor, cozinheira literária construída pelo romancista baiano Jorge Amado (1912-2001). O trabalho se utiliza do conceito de “Fato Social Total” elaborado pelo sociólogo francês Marcel Mauss como fio condutor para articular outros campos do saber com as referências gastronômicas presentes no romance Dona Flor e seus dois maridos. O objetivo foi perscrutar novas leituras para a relação estabelecida entre a mulher e a comida no romance, propondo novos caminhos para além da “ferramenta de sedução” discorrida por pesquisas anteriores com foco nas manifestações religiosas.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschäftige ich mich mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiativen für Boden als Gemeingut. Dafür gehe ich der Frage nach, wie die Grundbedürfnisse Nahrung und Wohnen vor einer Kommodifizierung geschützt werden können. Die Kommodifizierung hat seit Jahrzehnten enorme Auswirkungen auf diese Grundbedürfnisse. Ernährungssouveränität ist nicht mehr gewährleistet, da die Interessen der Märkte sowie der transnationalen Konzerne und nicht die Menschen, die Lebensmittel produzieren im Zentrum des Nahrungsmittelsystems stehen. Dies führt zu Konflikten bei der Landnutzung, aber auch zu einer Zerstörung der Bodenqualität und Biodiversität. Immobilien hingegen entwickeln sich immer häufiger zu Investitions- und Spekulationsobjekten, was wiederum hohe Wohnungslosigkeit bei gleichzeitig hohem Leerstand zur Folge hat. Der Untersuchung zugrunde liegt eine Auseinandersetzung mit Karl Polanyis The Great Transformation (2014 [1944]), der Commons-Forschung und der Humanisierung der Wirtschaft nach Kemp et al. (2016). Für diese Arbeit wurde eine Fallstudie durchgeführt. Dafür wurden zwei zivilgesellschaftliche Initiativen anhand einer Datenanalyse sowie Expert•inneninterviews untersucht. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass sich sowohl die Munus Stiftung als auch Habitat eignen, die Grundbedürfnisse Nahrung und Wohnen vor einer Kommodifizierung zu schützen. Sie tun dies, indem sie Boden bzw. Wohnraum dem Markt entziehen und dadurch denen zugänglich machen, die ihn auch tatsächlich nutzen. Darüber hinaus wurden beide Initiativen als Commons sowie als Teil der dritten Bewegung, der Humanisierung der Wirtschaft, im Sinne von Kemp et al. (2016) identifiziert., In this paper, I look at with civil society initiatives for land as commons. For this, I explore the question of how the basic needs of food and housing can be protected from commodification. Commodification has had an enormous impact on these basic needs for decades. Food sovereignty is no longer guaranteed, as the interests of markets as well as transnational corporations, rather than the people who produce food, are at the centre of the food system. This leads to conflicts in land use, but also to a destruction of soil quality and biodiversity. Real estate, on the other hand, is increasingly becoming an object of investment and speculation, which in turn results in high levels of homelessness and high vacancy rates at the same time. The research is based on an examination of Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation (2014 [1944]), the commons research and the Humanisation of the Economy according to Kemp et al. (2016). For this work, a case study was conducted. For that, two civil society initiatives were analysed using data and interviews with experts. The study showed that both the Munus Stiftung and Habitat are suitable for protecting the basic needs of food and housing from commodification. They do this by removing land and housing from the market and making them accessible to those who actually use them. Furthermore, both initiatives have been identified as commons and part of the third movement, the Humanisation of the Economy, according to Kemp et al. (2016)., Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit besteht in einer Abschätzung des konsumbedingten Ackerflä-chenverbrauchs für Tirol weltweit und in einer Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Tiroler Entwicklungsziele und -strategien darauf, wobei der Fokus auf die Debatte um die Nutzung der Agrarprodukte und um die globale, theoretisch „gerechte“ Ackerfläche pro Kopf liegt. Verwurzelt in den Agrar- und Ernährungsgeographien, beruht diese Masterarbeit auf Theorien aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum über politische und soziale Ökologie, Sozial- und Wirt-schaftsgeographien, eingebettet in eine ganzheitliche Perspektive auf dem Zusammenwirken von Menschen und Umwelt. Basierend auf dem theoretischen Rahmen des ökologischen Fuß-abdrucks wurde das gesamte System von der Produktion bis zum Konsum (einschließlich Ab-fall) von Agrarprodukten für food und non-food Nutzungen betrachtet. Die Literaturrecherche führte auch zu einem Konzept zur Ermittlung und Visualisierung der Auswirkungen des Kon-sums auf den Ackerflächenverbrauch anhand des Food And Biomass Input Output Model als Methode dafür. Zunächst wurde der Ist-Zustand (aufgrund der Datenverfügbarkeit 2013) für Tirol pro Person modelliert. Kenntnisse über die Nutzungen von Agrarprodukten (menschliche und tierische Nahrung, Energie, Material...) aus der Literatur und über die Parameter des Mo-dells aus dessen Methodik wurden gesammelt. Darauf aufbauend erfolgte eine zweite Litera-tursuche zu den Tiroler Entwicklungszielen und -strategien bezüglich Ackerverbrauch bezie-hungsweise den ihn verursachenden Konsum. Für die Konsumfelder ohne Ergebnisse aus politischer Seite, wurde die Analyse durch wissenschaftliche Studien ergänzt. Nach einer quantitativen Abschätzung dieser Ziele und Strategien und unter der Annahme einer erfolgrei-chen Umsetzung, wurde ein Szenario für den Verbrauch im Jahr 2050 modelliert, um den zu-künftigen Ackerflächenverbrauch pro Person in Tirol zu berechnen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Rückgang des Ackerflächenverbrauchs pro Pers, This master thesis consists in an estimation of the consumption-induced needs in cropland area for Tyrol worldwide and a study of the consequences of Tyrolean development goals and strategies for these needs, with focus on the debate about uses of the cropland’s products and the global “fair” theoretical available cropland area per capita. Rooted in the agro-food-geographies, this master thesis is based on theories from German-speaking-countries about political and social ecology, social and economic geographies, placed in a holistic human- and environment-interested perspective. Based on the theoretical frame of ecological footprints, the whole system from production to consumption (including waste) of products based on resources growing on cropland for food- and non-food-uses have been considered. The literature research also led to the concept for the determination and the visualization of the consumption’s consequences on the needs for cropland and provided the Food And Biomass Input Output Model as a method for that. First, the actual state (because of the data’s availability 2013) for Tyrol per capita has been modelled. Awareness about the uses of products growing on croplands (human and animal feed, energy, material…) from the litera-ture, and about the parameters in the model from its methodology have been gathered. Based in this, a second research occurred to find Tyrolean development goals and strategies con-cerning the cropland’s use and/or the consumption inducing it. For consumption’s fields without findings from the political side, scientifical studies completed the analysis. After a quantitative estimation of these goals and strategies and under the assumptions that they will be success-fully realized, a scenario for the state of consumption in 2050 was modelled to calculate the needs in cropland in Tyrol per capita then. Findings show a decrease of around 48 % in needs for cropland per capita in Tyrol from around 2530 m² in 2013 to around 1320 m² in, eingereicht von Félicie Weiss, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use. Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users. Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]). Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

In Swedish society, food is the fourth most prominent area of consumption. The number of large grocery shops is increasing, and today a consumer can choose between several different brands for the same product. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about defining sustainable food consumption as well as a lack of knowledge about how the consumer receives communication about sustainable food consumption. By using semi-structured qualitative in-depth interviews with students from a Swedish university, this study investigates whether sustainable food consumption is relevant to young people living with limited resources and how they define the concept. The study also examines how the interviewees make sense of communication promoting sustainable food consumption. Results illustrate that sustainable food consumption is not as relevant for students due to today’s expensive food prices. However, these students were also motivated and informed. They knew how to consume sustainably but were constrained by the economic situation. In addition, the students had difficulty defining sustainable food consumption, while they had no problems defining the more general concept of sustainability. Secondly, the public opinion about communication to promote sustainability was negative because the messages were either misleading or not transparent enough; the recipients became confused and critical. The messages were therefor interpreted as inauthentic.

“The Politics of Abundance: American Philanthropy and the Political Economy of Food in the Twentieth Century” uses food aid as a lens to understand how philanthropy became a significant new force in the twentieth-century political economy, both in the US and in the projection of American power abroad. I argue that US-based international food philanthropy joined with the state and the full breadth of the American food industry to structure the political economy of food in the twentieth century and to export it globally, impacting how much of the world produces and consumes food. Voluntary agencies and foundations provided a gamut of international food aid from feeding programs to agricultural development. These philanthropic groups played a critical part in offloading American food surplus, stimulating markets, legitimizing processed foods, and exporting American food production methods overseas, all of which transformed the political economy of food globally over a relatively few short decades. Food philanthropy accomplished this by engaging in and shaping the politics of the political economy of food at home and abroad. Through a highly politicized process to gain resources to feed the hungry abroad beginning after World War I, philanthropic groups became adept players in institutional, interest group, and interpersonal jockeying over influence in the food economy. These tax-subsidized organizations professionalized, marketed, networked, lobbied, and expanded in scale and scope to exert significant power over public policy. Through such political practices, food philanthropy forged itself into a geopolitical arm of American government and business. The state gained a new tool of statecraft that simultaneously supported US national security objectives, bolstered farm prices at home, and created new markets for American agribusiness abroad. In the 1950s and beyond, these politics became more complex as philanthropy, business, and the state engaged in vast experimenta

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes a foodborne illness, listeriosis. Most strains can be classified into major clonal complexes (CCs) that account for the majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in Europe. In addition to the 20 CCs known to account for the majority of human and animal clinical cases, 10 CCs are frequently reported in food production, thereby posing a serious challenge for the agrifood industry. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these 30 major CCs. The high-throughput real-time PCR assay presented here provides accurate identification of these 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations, along with the molecular serogroup of a strain. Based on the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system, our assay analyzes 46 strains against 40 real-time PCR arrays in a single experiment. This European study (i) designed the assay from a broad panel of 3,342 L. monocytogenes genomes, (ii) tested its sensitivity and specificity on 597 sequenced strains collected from 24 European countries, and (iii) evaluated its performance in the typing of 526 strains collected during surveillance activities. The assay was then optimized for conventional multiplex real-time PCR for easy implementation in food laboratories. It has already been used for outbreak investigations. It represents a key tool for assisting food laboratories to establish strain relatedness with human clinical strains during outbreak investigations and for helping food business operators by improving their microbiological management plans.

Background: Nutrition apps seem to be promising tools for supporting consumers toward healthier eating habits. There is a wide variety of nutrition apps available; however, users often discontinue app use at an early stage before a permanent change in dietary behavior can be achieved. Objective: The main objective of this study was to identify, from both a user and nonuser perspective, which functionalities should be included in nutrition apps to increase intentions to start and maintain use of these apps. A secondary objective was to gain insight into reasons to quit using nutrition apps at an early stage. Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach and included a qualitative and a quantitative study. The qualitative study (n=40) consisted of a home-use test with 6 commercially available nutrition apps, followed by 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) to investigate user experiences. The quantitative study was a large-scale survey (n=1420), which was performed in a representative sample of the Dutch population to quantify the FGDs’ results. In the survey, several app functionalities were rated on 7-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (very unimportant) to 7 (very important). Results: A total of 3 different phases of app use, subdivided into 10 user-centric app aspects and 46 associated app functionalities, were identified as relevant nutrition app elements in the FGDs. Relevance was confirmed in the survey, as all user-centric aspects and almost all app functionalities were rated as important to include in a nutrition app. In the starting phase, a clear introduction (mean 5.45, SD 1.32), purpose (mean 5.40, SD 1.40), and flexible food tracking options (mean 5.33, SD 1.45) were the most important functionalities. In the use phase, a complete and reliable food product database (mean 5.58, SD 1.41), easy navigation (mean 5.56, SD 1.36), and limited advertisements (mean 5.53, SD 1.51) were the most important functionalities. In the end phase, the possibility of settin

The built environment affects our lifestyles and associated carbon emissions. Most studies investigating this link, however, have used census data or surveys that can hardly capture patterns of daily activities over time. In this paper, we present the results of an eight-week monitoring campaign during which over 300 residents of the Province of Utrecht (Netherlands) recorded their activities pertaining to the domains of travel, housing energy and food consumption using a mobile app. Data were analyzed through structural equation models (SEMs) accounting for residential self-selection. Once controlling for socio-demographics, an aggregate measure of compactness encompassing population density, intensity of development and accessibility of transit and grocery stores was found to be associated with emissions in all three domains via multiple mediating variables. More compact neighborhoods may curb emissions by reducing car ownership and therefore driving, but seem to have no impact on other travel habits. Yet, they tend to be associated with residential settings (i.e. older multi-dwelling units) showing higher energy emission factors due to less reliance on green sources. Additionally, lower rates of car ownership in more compact neighborhoods are associated with less carbon-intensive diets. While our findings endorse the compact city as an instrument to help cut individual carbon emissions, they also raise warnings about the ability of low-carbon technologies (e.g. electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems) to make this spatial planning model look obsolete in the fight against climate change. Mobile apps like ours may help disentangle this puzzle though greater automation is needed to get unbiased information.

Human biomonitoring can add value to chemical risk assessment by reducing the assumptions regarding consumption rates, residue occurrence, and processing effects and by integrating exposures from different sources (diet, household use, environmental). However, the relationship between exposure and concentration in human matrices is unknown for most pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to gain more insight into the qualitative and quantitative relationship between dietary intake of pesticides (external exposure) and urinary excretion (reflecting internal exposure). In this cross-sectional observational study, 35 healthy consumers aged 18–65 years from the region of Wageningen, Netherlands, collected an exact duplicate portion of their diets during 24 h. On the same day, they also collected all their urine. The duplicate diets were analyzed using target screening by GC- and LC-HRMS; each duplicate diet contained at least five, up to 21, pesticide residues. The 24 h urine samples were analyzed using LC-HRMS in a suspect screening workflow. Metabolites were tentatively detected in all 24 h urine samples, ranging from six metabolites corresponding to four pesticides up to 40 metabolites originating from 16 pesticides in a single urine sample. In total, 65 metabolites originating from 28 pesticides were tentatively detected. After prioritization and additional confirmation experiments, 28 metabolites originating from 10 pesticides were identified with confidence level 1 or 2b. Next, quantitative analysis was performed for a selection of pesticides in duplicate diets and their metabolites in 24 h urine to assess quantitative relationships. In the quantitative comparisons between duplicate diet and 24 h urine, it was found that some metabolites were already present in the duplicate diet, which may give an overestimation of exposure to the parent pesticide based on measurement of the metabolites in urine. Additionally, the quantitative comparisons suggest a back

Auxiliar Conservera (AC) is one of the most experienced companies in the manufacture of light metal containers and packaging (CNAE, 2592) for foodstuffs at international level. The company is of Spanish origin, founded in 1961 in the industrial food district of Molina de Segura, Murcia Region, where its headquarters are currently located.

Soccer is a sport practiced worldwide by both men and women, where nutrition plays a fundamental role in the performance of soccer players, providing them with the nutrients necessary for energy, muscle recovery and injury prevention. The aim of this study is to describe the dietary habits in elite soccer players and their association with their competitive level, playing position and sex. A descriptive and non-experimental comparative study was conducted during the 2021–2022 competitive season. A total of 105 players belonging to a Spanish elite soccer team completed a food frequency questionnaire (FCFQ). It was observed that male players presented a higher consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods (p < 0.05), fermented foods (p = 0.014), frozen foods (p = 0.049) and red meat (p = 0.012) compared to female players, with the exception of lean meats, which were higher in females (p = 0.012). Furthermore, the U16-15 categories stand out for consuming carbohydrate-rich foods such as pasta (p = 0.000), bread (p = 0.004) and sweets (p = 0.046), as well as frozen foods (p = 0.002). Finally, alcohol consumption is higher in the senior categories (42.9%), where men are more likely to drink mixed drinks (6.2%), and beer and wine by women (10.7%). Practically no differences were found between the playing positions. In conclusion, differences were found in FCFQ according to competitive level and sex.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand consumers’ behaviour in fast-food restaurants in Spain. To this end, the authors conducted a survey that combined a classification of food values, as proposed in the relevant literature, with a related model that links personal values to behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 400 consumers was gathered from two different, leading fast-food chains operating in Spain. With these data, respondents were grouped through hierarchical cluster analysis and K-measures, and in accordance with Lusk and Briggeman’s (2009) food values and the food-related lifestyle model. The authors validated these clusters by means of ANOVA and discriminant analysis, which led to useful observations about inter-group differences in consumers’ habits, as well as their satisfaction, trust and loyalty. Findings: The results indicate that consumers can be clustered into three groups based their food values assessments: the “mainly utilitarian” group, the “mainly hedonic” group and the “ethical values” group. These groups not only demonstrate diverse habits, but also differ on key variables such as satisfaction, trust and loyalty. Practical implications: The authors offer several managerial recommendations for designing and developing segmentation strategies in the fast-food industry. Any such strategies should acknowledge that all consumer groups appear to value restaurants’ efforts to provide them with both hedonic and utilitarian benefits, although the extent varies across groups. Originality/value: Among the relevant literature, this research is the only one that examines the existence of distinct consumer groups based on their food values assessments. In addition, this paper analyses inter-group differences in terms of both diverse consumptions habits (frequency of visits, expenditure, etc.) and key marketing variables (satisfaction, trust and loyalty).

Purpose: The importance of food values for the post–purchase process has not been widely studied. Most previous research in this line has focused on examining either the attributes of specific food categories, without taking the corresponding values into account, or food-purchasing attitudes and behaviour. To address this gap in the research, this paper delves deeper into the influence of food values on post–purchase variables. Design/methodology/approach: Specifically, it analyses the influence of food values on satisfaction (both with the purchase and with the establishment), switching costs and loyalty. To this end, a sample of 708 consumers, collected through online questionnaires in Spain, is analysed using various descriptive statistics and causal models. Findings: The findings confirm the influence of food values on satisfaction and that satisfaction positively influences loyalty. Switching costs were not found to moderate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. Research limitations/implications: The survey had to be completed online, and, thus, respondents needed to have an e-mail address. This influenced the respondents' profile, since many consumers over the age of 54 do not have e-mail, do not use it, or are more reluctant to complete online surveys. Practical implications: Purchase satisfaction was not found to affect switching costs, which reinforces the idea that loyalty can sometimes be spurious. It would thus be an indicator that, as long as consumers have no other option, they will continue to shop at the establishment. In contrast, establishment satisfaction did generate switching costs. This finding could be due to aspects such as convenience, the development and maintenance of relationships with the employees, knowledge of where products are located in the store, etc. Customers may be dissatisfied with their purchase, yet still satisfied with an establishment, which could entail very high switching costs for them and, therefore, cause

Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use. Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users. Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]). Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

The experience of what we eat depends not only on the taste of the food, but also on other modalities of sensory feedback. Perceptual research has shown the potential of altering visual, olfactory, and textural food cues to affect flavor, texture, and satiety. Recently, the HCI community has leveraged such research to encourage healthy eating, but the resulting tools often require specialised and/or invasive devices. Ubiquitous and unobtrusive, audio feedback-based tools could alleviate those drawbacks, but research in this area has been limited to food texture. We expand on prior psychology research by exploring a wide range of auditory feedback styles to modify not only flavor attributes but also appetite-related measures. We present Auditory Seasoning, a mobile app that offers various curated audio modes to alter chewing sounds. In a Pringles-tasting experiment (N=37), this tool significantly influenced food perception and eating behavior beyond texture alone. Based on these results, we discuss design implications to create custom real-world flavor/satiety-enhancing tools.

Food loss and waste (FLW) contribute significantly to the global food system's economic and environmental burdens, including substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, resource depletion, and waste management challenges. In alignment with the European Commission's sustainability objectives and U.N. Sustainable Development Goal 12.3, this study explores the potential energy and environmental footprint savings achievable by halving FLW in Europe by 2030. Using a multiregional input-output model, we estimated the total global energy and environmental footprint savings across all stages of the food supply chain, considering industry-specific FLW rates and proportion weights. The findings reveal substantial environmental savings across Europe, with aggregate savings potentially reaching 51 Mt CO2e (0.09 t CO2e/p), 4,620 Mm3 (8 m3/p) of blue water, 106,446 km2 (179 m2/p) of cropland, 55,523 km2 (93 m2/p) of grassland, and 0.47 EJ (0.54 TJ/p) of energy. The greatest potential for savings was found in Western Europe, specifically in France, Germany, Belgium, and The Netherlands. However, countries with a lower per capita GDP, such as Greece, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Romania, also demonstrate significant per capita savings potential, indicating that wealth does not necessarily correlate with higher environmental savings. Agricultural production emerged as the stage with the highest footprint reduction potential for GHG and resource footprints across Europe, while the foodservice and institutional stages offer the greatest energy-saving potential. Geographical disparities underscore the need for region-specific policies. These results challenge the wealth-sustainability correlation and advocate for adaptable policies that transcend national wealth and accommodate regional disparities, underlining the pivotal roles of the agricultural production and consumption stages in footprint savings.