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The main goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of Brachiaria decumbens leaf meal on the health performance, blood biomarkers, and relative telomere length of broiler chickens raised in tropical conditions. A total of 300, day-old, male, Ross 308 broilers were divided into six groups and given various feeding regimens based on a completely randomized design model. T1 commercial feed was devoid of antibiotics (negative control) whereas T2 commercial feed was supplemented with 100 mg/kg oxytetracycline (positive control). Commercial diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of powdered B. decumbens leaf meal was given to the birds in treatments T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively. Throughout the 42-day study, there were a few occurrences of leg problems, diarrhoea, and fatalities, but no statistical association was detected. The growth performance, leucocyte profile, immunoglobulin and cytokine concentrations, and relative telomere length, however, differed substantially among treatments.T3 broilers fed with diets supplemented with 25 mg/kg of B. decumbens leaf meal exhibited the best growth performance (highest final body weight and body weight gain; lowest cumulative feed conversion ratio), leucocyte profiling (increased total white blood cell count, monocytes, and basophil count; decreased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio), immunoglobulins (up-regulated IgG, IgA, and IgM), cytokines (increased IL4 and IL7), and telomere length. In conclusion, B. decumbens leaf meal can be used instead of antibiotics to enhance the growth and health of broilers raised in hot, humid conditions.

The main goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of Brachiaria decumbens leaf meal on the health performance, blood biomarkers, and relative telomere length of broiler chickens raised in tropical conditions. A total of 300, day-old, male, Ross 308 broilers were divided into six groups and given various feeding regimens based on a completely randomized design model. T1 commercial feed was devoid of antibiotics (negative control) whereas T2 commercial feed was supplemented with 100 mg/kg oxytetracycline (positive control). Commercial diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of powdered B. decumbens leaf meal was given to the birds in treatments T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively. Throughout the 42-day study, there were a few occurrences of leg problems, diarrhoea, and fatalities, but no statistical association was detected. The growth performance, leucocyte profile, immunoglobulin and cytokine concentrations, and relative telomere length, however, differed substantially among treatments.T3 broilers fed with diets supplemented with 25 mg/kg of B. decumbens leaf meal exhibited the best growth performance (highest final body weight and body weight gain; lowest cumulative feed conversion ratio), leucocyte profiling (increased total white blood cell count, monocytes, and basophil count; decreased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio), immunoglobulins (up-regulated IgG, IgA, and IgM), cytokines (increased IL4 and IL7), and telomere length. In conclusion, B. decumbens leaf meal can be used instead of antibiotics to enhance the growth and health of broilers raised in hot, humid conditions.

The present study aims to determine the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins (APPs) responses of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in sheep fed with low and high levels of Brachiaria decumbens (B. decumbens) diets at different time phases. A total of 30 6-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups consisted of 10 sheep each. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with Pennisetum purpureum and concentrates as the basal diet, whereas Treatments 2 and 3 sheep were fed with low (10%) and high (60%) level of B. decumbens, respectively. The hematology results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, and plasma proteins between groups. Except for packed cell volume, there were also significant differences in allhematology parameters at different time phases. All biochemistry parameters except creatinine revealed significant differences among treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in all parameters between time. On the other hand, APPs results showed significant differences in the serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in both serum and CSF between groups and time.

The present study aims to determine the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins (APPs) responses of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in sheep fed with low and high levels of Brachiaria decumbens (B. decumbens) diets at different time phases. A total of 30 6-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups consisted of 10 sheep each. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with Pennisetum purpureum and concentrates as the basal diet, whereas Treatments 2 and 3 sheep were fed with low (10%) and high (60%) level of B. decumbens, respectively. The hematology results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, and plasma proteins between groups. Except for packed cell volume, there were also significant differences in allhematology parameters at different time phases. All biochemistry parameters except creatinine revealed significant differences among treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in all parameters between time. On the other hand, APPs results showed significant differences in the serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in both serum and CSF between groups and time.

Pasteurella multocida was first shown to be the causative agent of fowl cholera by Louis Pasteur in 1881. Since then, this Gram-negative bacterium has been identified as the causative agent of many other economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is a disease, caused by Pasteurella multocida serotypes B2 and E2 that causes acute, highly fatal septicaemia with high morbidity and mortality in cattle and more susceptible in buffaloes. In this review, we aim to determine the host cell and antibody response towards Pasteurella multicoda B2 infection causing Haemorrhagic septicaemia.