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“Faithful Genres” examines how African Americans adapted the genres of the black church during the civil rights movement. Civil rights mass meetings, as the movement’s so-called “energy machine” and “heartbeat,” serve as the project’s central site of inquiry for these meetings were themselves adaptations of the genre of the black church service. The mass meetings served as the space to draw people into the movement, encourage people toward further activism, and testify to anyone watching that the African American community was working toward desegregation, voting rights, and racial equality. In Martin Luther King, Jr.’s words, “Through these meetings we were able to generate the power and depth which finally galvanized the entire Negro community.” In these weekly or sometimes even nightly meetings, participants inhabited the familiar genres of the black church, song, prayer, and testimony. As they did, they remade these genres to respond directly to white supremacy and to enact the changes they sought to create. While scholars have studied the speeches men and women such as King, Ralph Abernathy, and Fannie Lou Hamer delivered at meetings (Wilson; Selby; Holmes; Brooks), scholars have yet to examine how civil rights mass meetings functioned through a range of genres and rhetors. My study addresses this absence and invigorates this discussion to demonstrate how the other meeting genres beyond the speech—song, prayer, and testimony—functioned to create energy, sustenance, and motivation for activists. Examining these collectively enacted genres, I show how rhetors adapted song, prayer, and testimony toward strategic interventions. I also examine how activists took these same genres up outside the meetings to circulate them in broader contexts for new audiences. By recovering and defining the mass meeting as a flexible repertoire of genres and then examining the redeployment of meeting genres outside the meeting, “Faithful Genres” contributes to histories of civil righ

The current study examined male-to-female partner violence on individual, interpersonal, and contextual/cultural levels. Murray Bowen's theory of differentiation was used as the theoretical framework for understanding the individual variable of self control of emotional reactivity and the interpersonal variable of partner fusion. Feminist theory was used as the theoretical framework for understanding the contextual or cultural variable of marital egalitarianism or gender equality in the relationship. Participants in this study included 133 men from various men's groups (men's anger management groups, a college athletic team, a civic group, church groups, a court services group, and men from counseling centers). Self control of emotional reactivity was measured by the Self Control (Sc) subscale of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Partner fusion was measured by the Spousal Fusion (SPFUS) subscale of the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (P AFS-Q). Marital Egalitarianism was measured by the Marital Roles subscale of the Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES). Partner violence was measured by using four subscales (physical assault scale, physical assault prevalence, physical injury scale, and physical assault prevalence) of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). The data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, t-tests, and a series of multiple regressions. The findings of the current study support the original hypothesis in which there was a significant relationship between self-control, partner fusion, marital egalitarianism and the use of violent conflict tactics. The study further revealed a significant predictive relationship between partner fusion and three of the four violence measures as well as a significant predictive relationship between self-control and one of four violence measures and marital egalitarianism and one of four violence measures. Since the anger management groups were chosen specific

The subject of the interview is Mrs. Mary Gordon Ellis (1890-1934), the first female senator in the South Carolina General Assembly from Jasper County, 1928-1932, and county Superintendent of Education from 1924-1928. She was involved in controversial issues such as school consolidation, hiring of African American supervisors, buses for both races, equal textbooks, and required in-service training for teachers.

The subject of the interview is Mrs. Mary Gordon Ellis (1890-1934), the first female senator in the South Carolina General Assembly from Jasper County, 1928-1932, and county Superintendent Of Education from 1924-1928. She was involved in controversial issues such as school consolidation, hiring of African American supervisors, buses for both races, equal textbooks, and required in-service training for teachers.