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El presente trabajo es un análisis desde una perspectiva de género de la evolución del concepto de pax asociado al dios Jano en la Roma antigua. Se pone el foco en aquellos elementos asociados a lo masculino y femenino en el lenguaje de pax romano, y en su evolución y resignificación. Durante la época romana las puertas de Jano simbolizaron las relaciones externas de la ciudad de Roma, abriéndose cuando había guerra y cerrándose cuando había paz externa. Este ritual del cierre de las puertas se revitalizó durante el principado de Augusto, lo que se plasmó en la literatura e iconografía augustea, asociándolo además a la idea de pax y saeculum aureum. El concepto de pax hasta entonces había aludido a la sumisión del otro a lo largo de la República; fue durante la crisis de la misma cuando se usó como promesa política que implícitamente significaba el final de los enfrentamientos, externos e internos, y el bienestar subyacente. El auge de la pax se produjo durante el Principado de Augusto, quien se presentó como garante de ese principio. En este contexto la pax adquirió nuevas connotaciones, asimilándose a Eirene, diosa de la paz en el mundo griego. Por tanto, el concepto de pax asociado a Jano, deidad que había simbolizado la guerra y la paz externa en época republicana, se helenizó y feminizó al representarse incluso en forma de mujer. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la comprensión de cómo los conceptos de paz fueron reformulados y redefinidos durante la crisis de la República y empleados como parte de la propaganda de la Pax Augusta. Para ello se han analizado tanto fuentes numismáticas e iconográficas como textos escritos., This paper is an analysis of the evolution of the concept of pax linked to the god Janus in Ancient Rome from a gender perspective. It focuses on those feminine and masculine elements present on the language of the Roman pax, as well as on their evolution and meaning shifts. In Roman times, the gates of Janus symbolised the external relations of the city of Rome. In fact, before the Principate of Augustus they were only closed in two moments. This is why, during the Principate of Augustus, this ritual was revived as a way of promoting the end of war. Augustan literature and iconography reflects this phenomenon, associating it with the idea of pax and saeculum aureum. Whereas in Republican times the concept of pax referred to the submission of the other, during the crisis of the Republic it was used as a political promise concerning the end of confrontations (both external and internal) and the underlying well-being. The rise of pax occurred during the Principate of Augustus, who presented himself as its guarantor. In this context, the notion of pax acquired new connotations when it was assimilated to Eirene, the Greek goddess of peace, implying the Hellenization and feminisation of a concept previously associated with Janus. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how concepts of peace were reformulated and redefined during the crisis of the Republic, and then employed as part of the propagation of the Augustan pax. For this purpose, a meaningful combination of different methodologies of historical research is proposed, namely the analysis of coins, iconography and written sources.

JET-ILW type I ELMy H-modes at 2.5 MA/2.8 T with constant NBI heating (23 MW) and gas fuelling rate were performed, utilising edge localised mode (ELM) pacing by vertical kicks and plasma shaping (triangularity, delta) as tools to disentangle the effects of ELMs, inter-ELM transport and edge stability on the pedestal particle balance. In agreement with previous studies, the pedestal confinement improves with increasing delta, mostly due to a significant increase in pedestal density while the ELM frequency (fELM) is decreased. Improved pedestal confinement with increasing delta was observed even when the pedestal MHD stability was degraded artificially by vertical kicks, implying that increased triangularity may favourably affect the inter-ELM pedestal recovery. The workflow developed to quantify the pedestal particle balance uses high time-resolution profile reflectometry to characterise the inter-ELM evolution of the plasma particle content (dN/dt), the NEO drift-kinetic solver to evaluate the neoclassical fluxes and interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations to estimate the edge particle source. The edge particle source is then constrained by deuterium Balmer-alpha line intensity measurements in the main chamber, which are, however, strongly affected by reflections from the metal walls. The reflections are accounted for by the CHERAB code taking the divertor emission (the brightest light source in the torus) distribution from imaging spectroscopy measurements as input. Our analysis shows that in the second half of the ELM cycle, the volume-integrated particle source is larger than dN/dt, indicating that transport plays a key role in the inter-ELM pedestal recovery., QC 20230404

En este artículo analizamos el culto a Nike en Atenas del s. V a.C. en relación con la guerra y específicamente con la paz como reivindicación de la victoria en los conflictos bélicos. Recorremos el culto a Nike desde inicios de siglo, pero nos adentraremos especialmente en la polémica del proyecto arquitectónico del templo de Nike en relación con la famosa Paz de Calias (449) y con la institución del sacerdocio democrático de Atenea Nike que recayó en Mirrina. En la década de los 40 se elabora la paz como victoria, tema que pervive durante la guerra del Peloponeso, como se ve en escritos de esa época como Lisístrata de Aristófanes. Las elaboraciones míticas y cultuales de la guerra y de la paz ponen de relieve el papel que otorgan los griegos a la paz como afirmación de la victoria., In this article we analyze the cult of Nike in Athens in fifth century BC in relation to war and specifically to peace as a claim to victory in warlike conflicts. We review the cult of Nike since the beginning of the century but, we will especially address into the controversy of the architectural project of the Nike temple in connection with the famous peace of Callias (449) and with the institution of the democratic priesthood of Athena Nike held by Myrrhine. During the decade of 440, peace was created as a victory, a theme that survived during the Peloponnesian War as we see in documents of that time, such as Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. The mythical and cultic elaborations of war and peace highlight the role that Greeks grant the peace as affirmation of victory., Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa (España), Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

En este artículo analizamos el culto a Nike en Atenas del s. V a.C. en relación con la guerra y específicamente con la paz como reivindicación de la victoria en los conflictos bélicos. Recorremos el culto a Nike desde inicios de siglo, pero nos adentraremos especialmente en la polémica del proyecto arquitectónico del templo de Nike en relación con la famosa Paz de Calias (449) y con la institución del sacerdocio democrático de Atenea Nike que recayó en Mirrina. En la década de los 40 se elabora la paz como victoria, tema que pervive durante la guerra del Peloponeso, como se ve en escritos de esa época como Lisístrata de Aristófanes. Las elaboraciones míticas y cultuales de la guerra y de la paz ponen de relieve el papel que otorgan los griegos a la paz como afirmación de la victoria., In this article we analyze the cult of Nike in Athens in fifth century BC in relation to war and specifically to peace as a claim to victory in warlike conflicts. We review the cult of Nike since the beginning of the century but, we will especially address into the controversy of the architectural project of the Nike temple in connection with the famous peace of Callias (449) and with the institution of the democratic priesthood of Athena Nike held by Myrrhine. During the decade of 440, peace was created as a victory, a theme that survived during the Peloponnesian War as we see in documents of that time, such as Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. The mythical and cultic elaborations of war and peace highlight the role that Greeks grant the peace as affirmation of victory., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4–6] simula- tions [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualita- tively consistent with experimental observations [9] , by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assess- ment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas.

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.07.004

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas., 20200311

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.07.004

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.07.004

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4–6] simula- tions [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualita- tively consistent with experimental observations [9] , by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assess- ment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas.

In this article we analyze the cult of Nike in Athens in fifth century BC in relation to war and specifically to peace as a claim to victory in warlike conflicts. We review the cult of Nike since the beginning of the century but, we will especially address into the controversy of the architectural project of the Nike temple in connection with the famous peace of Callias (449) and with the institution of the democratic priesthood of Athena Nike held by Myrrhine. During the decade of 440, peace was created as a victory, a theme that survived during the Peloponnesian War as we see in documents of that time, such as Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. The mythical and cultic elaborations of war and peace highlight the role that Greeks grant the peace as affirmation of victory., En este artículo analizamos el culto a Nike en Atenas del s. V a.C. en relación con la guerra y específicamente con la paz como reivindicación de la victoria en los conflictos bélicos. Recorremos el culto a Nike desde inicios de siglo, pero nos adentraremos especialmente en la polémica del proyecto arquitectónico del templo de Nike en relación con la famosa Paz de Calias (449) y con la institución del sacerdocio democrático de Atenea Nike que recayó en Mirrina. En la década de los 40 se elabora la paz como victoria, tema que pervive durante la guerra del Peloponeso, como se ve en escritos de esa época como Lisístrata de Aristófanes. Las elaboraciones míticas y cultuales de la guerra y de la paz ponen de relieve el papel que otorgan los griegos a la paz como afirmación de la victoria.

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4–6] simula- tions [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualita- tively consistent with experimental observations [9] , by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assess- ment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas.

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4–6] simula- tions [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualita- tively consistent with experimental observations [9] , by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assess- ment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas.

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.07.004

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4–6] simula- tions [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualita- tively consistent with experimental observations [9] , by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assess- ment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas.

In the past at JET, with the MkI divertor, a systematic study of the influence of X-point height and poloidal flux expansion has been conducted [1,2] showing minor differences in the radiation distribution, whereas in [3] experiment and simulations have shown enhancement of detachment as the flux expansion was increased. More recently at JET, equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW), radiative seeded scenarios have been studied and a maximum radiation fraction 75% has been achieved. EDGE2D-EIRENE [4-6] simulations [7,8] have already shown that the divertor heat fluxes can be reduced with N2 injection, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations [9], by adjusting the impurity injection rate to reproduce the measured divertor radiation. In this paper we will present edge predictive simulations on the assessment of effects of poloidal flux expansion and recycling on radiation distribution and X-point peaking on JET-ILW nitrogen seeded plasmas. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.07.004

Edizione di un papiro della collezione dell'Università Cattolica di Milano (P.Med. inv. 83.15) databile III-II sec. a.C.: si tratta probabilmente di un ordine di comparizione., Edition of P.Med. inv. 83.15: probably order of arrest (III-II cent. B.C.).

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem rádiové sítě pro úsek trati Břeclav-Znojmo. Nejprve jsou popsány teoretické poznatky týkající se GSM-R, programu Radiolab a radioreleového spoje. Další část se zabývá měřením již pokrytého úseku tratě a výběrem vhodného modelu šíření. V programu Radiolab je navrženo pokrytí za pomocí několika modelů šíření. Model použitý pro konečný návrh sítě je zvolen na základě porovnání výsledků měření s navrženým pokrytím v programu Radiolab. V poslední části je popsáno zajištění konektivity k jednotlivým základnovým stanicím. Je porovnáno několik možností zajištění konektivity., This diploma thesis deals with the design of the radio network for the track section Břeclav-Znojmo. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge about GSM-R, Radiolab and radio relay is described. The next part deals with the measurement of the already covered section of the track and the selection of a suitable propagation model. Radiolab is designed to cover several diffusion models. The model used for the final design of the network is chosen based on the comparison of the measurement results with the proposed coverage in Radiolab. The last part describes the provision of connectivity to individual base stations. Several connectivity options are compared.