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Este trabajo aborda la relación entre el mundo tardoantiguo-hispanovisigodo y el Omeya y como estos adoptan, a su llegada a la Península Ibérica, tanto características constructivas como piezas materiales para incluír en las edificaciones oficiales, aportando una nueva impronta oriental que perdurará siglos en el arte local. Se analizará el cambiante uso y concepción del spolia a lo largo de los años en Al-Ándalus; y también un examen en profundidad el uso de expolio material en la mezquita aljama de Córdoba, la procedencia del mismo y las posibles interpretaciones en cuanto a su lugar en las sucesivas salas de oraciones., Este traballo aborda a relación entre o mundo tardoantiguo-hispanovisigodo e o Omeia e como estes adoptan, á súa chegada á Península Ibérica, tanto características construtivas como pezas materiais para incluír nas edificacións oficiais, achegando un novo sinal oriental que perdurará séculos na arte local. Analizarase o cambiante uso e concepción do spolia ao longo dos anos en Al-Ándalus; e tamén un exame en profundidade o uso de espolio material na mesquita alxama de Córdoba, a procedencia do mesmo e as posibles interpretacións en canto ao seu lugar nas sucesivas salas de oracións., This work addresses the corelation between the late-antique & Hispano-Visigoth world and the Umayyad and how they adopt, upon their arrival in the Iberian Peninsula, both constructive characteristics and material pieces to be included in official buildings, providing a new oriental imprint that will last centuries in the local art. The changing conception and use of the spolia over the years in Al-Andalus will be analyzed; also an in-depth examination of the use of material looting in the mosque of Córdoba, its origin and the possible interpretations regarding its place in the different prayer rooms.

Across Europe early medieval archaeologists have long recognised significant numbers of graves displaying evidence for the intentional post-burial disturbance of skeletons and artefacts. The practice of reopening and manipulating graves soon after burial, traditionally described—and dismissed—as ‘robbing’, is documented at cemeteries from Transylvania to southern England. This article presents a synthesis of five recent regional studies to investigate the evidence of and the motivations for the reopening of early medieval graves. From the later sixth century AD, the reopening of individual graves and removal of selected artefact types rapidly became part of the shared treatment of the dead across this wide area.

In recent years, the influence of Muslims and Islam on developments in medieval Europe has captured the attention of scholars and the general public alike. Nevertheless, 'conversion' to Islam remains a challenging subject for historical research and demands more transdisciplinary collaborations. This article examines early medieval interactions between Muslim Arabs and Northern and Eastern Europeans as a case study for whether some individuals in Northern Eurasia 'converted' to Islam. More importantly, we address some key examples and lines of evidence that demonstrate why the process of 'conversion' to Islam is not more visible in the historical and archaeological records of Northern Eurasia. We find that, despite the well-established evidence for economic exchanges between the Islamic World and Northern Eurasia, the historical and material records are much more complex, but not entirely silent, on the issue of religious change. We also conclude that religious connectivity and exchanges, including with Islam, were common in early medieval Northern Eurasia, even if it is difficult in most cases to identify conclusive instances of 'conversion' to Islam.

Across Europe early medieval archaeologists have long recognised significant numbers of graves displaying evidence for the intentional post-burial disturbance of skeletons and artefacts. The practice of reopening and manipulating graves soon after burial, traditionally described—and dismissed—as ‘robbing’, is documented at cemeteries from Transylvania to southern England. This article presents a synthesis of five recent regional studies to investigate the evidence of and the motivations for the reopening of early medieval graves. From the later sixth century AD, the reopening of individual graves and removal of selected artefact types rapidly became part of the shared treatment of the dead across this wide area.

We present two lyre-shaped belt plates of Visigothic age, one from the surroundings of the necropolis of Santa María de Valverde (Valderredible, Cantabria) and the other one from a place in the left bank of the estuary of Ajo, in the municipality of Bareyo (Cantabria). Both were found by chance and deposited in the Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria by their discoverers. The two ones are going to complete the broad list of finds and sites from 7th and 8th centuries in the territory of the autonomous region., Se presentan dos placas liriformes de época visigoda procedentes del entorno de la necrópolis de Santa María de Valverde (Valderredible, Cantabria) y de un paraje situado en la orilla izquierda de la ría de Ajo, no lejos del cabo del mismo nombre, en el municipio de Bareyo (Cantabria), respectivamente. Ambas fueron localizadas de forma casual y depositadas en el Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria por sus descubridores. Vienen a completar la amplia nómina de hallazgos y yacimientos de los siglos VII y VIII en el territorio de la comunidad autónoma.

We present two lyre-shaped belt plates of Visigothic age, one from the surroundings of the necropolis of Santa María de Valverde (Valderredible, Cantabria) and the other one from a place in the left bank of the estuary of Ajo, in the municipality of Bareyo (Cantabria). Both were found by chance and deposited in the Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria by their discoverers. The two ones are going to complete the broad list of finds and sites from 7th and 8th centuries in the territory of the autonomous region., Se presentan dos placas liriformes de época visigoda procedentes del entorno de la necrópolis de Santa María de Valverde (Valderredible, Cantabria) y de un paraje situado en la orilla izquierda de la ría de Ajo, no lejos del cabo del mismo nombre, en el municipio de Bareyo (Cantabria), respectivamente. Ambas fueron localizadas de forma casual y depositadas en el Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria por sus descubridores. Vienen a completar la amplia nómina de hallazgos y yacimientos de los siglos VII y VIII en el territorio de la comunidad autónoma.

Pollen and NPP analysis performed on the sedimentary deposits accumulated in the inter-tidal banks of the Tagus Estuary allow for the reconstruction of vegetation history and landscape changes that occurred in Lisbon from the 1st to the 6th century cal AD. The high chronological resolution of this investigation makes it possible to identify changes in human activities that took place during the Roman period and reveals the extent of land use in the 2nd century cal AD. However, the most considerable landscape transformation of this 600-year period dates back to the late 5th century cal AD, when significant deforestation and increasing human activity, particularly pasturing, spread throughout the territory. This feature bears witness to the outcome of a deep socioeconomic transformation following the disintegration of the Roman administration and sheds light on a poorly known period in this part of Iberia.

This study aims to better understand the development of group identity, mobility, and health in the Early Medieval Meuse Valley. This is achieved by combining existing demographic and palaeopathological information from 73 cremation deposits from Echt, the Netherlands, with new strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) and strontium concentrations ([Sr]) that are performed on pars petrosa, diaphysis, and rib fragments. Although the surrounding Early Medieval cemeteries practiced inhumation, the initial burial community of Echt persisted in expressing the divergent burial ritual of cremation. Thirty-two radiocarbon dates demonstrate the fifth- to sixth-century cremation deposits to be chronologically separated from the seventh-century inhumations that were preserved in situ, suggesting a subsequent burial community replaced cremation with inhumation in the seventh century. Nutritionally inadequate diets may have contributed to the relatively high prevalence of porotic hyperostosis (~ 34%), resulting from decreasing foods supplies caused by deteriorating climatic conditions. The inhabitants are postulated to have mainly consumed foods originating from the land directly surrounding their farmsteads, expressed by the great variability in the 87Sr/86Sr of the diaphyses and ribs (0.7096 to 0.7131), matching the geological complexity of the area. The lack of significant differences between the 87Sr/86Sr and [Sr] of ribs and diaphyses connotes little change in the geological origin of the foods occurred over time, stressing the importance of the yield of local harvests. In contrast, large differences in childhood (i.e. pars petrosa) vs. adult (i.e. ribs and diaphyses) 87Sr/86Sr suggest the regional movement of individuals to possibly support inter-farmstead relationships (e.g. via marriages)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The subject matter of the article concerns on ritual sacrificial practices related to human sacrifices among the Western Slavs, including the Polish lands and the Polabia region. The chronological range covers the early Middle Ages, from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Considerations on this subject include the review of anthropological and philosophical disciplines research including R. Girard studies in this aspect, an analysis of written sources, and above all the analysis of the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites from an archaeological perspective. The aim of the study was to identify archaeological remains related to sacrificial rituals by presenting the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites at selected archaeological sites. The study aims to discuss the issues with interpretations of various aspects of the human sacrifices from the early medival Western Slavdom territory sites. The work is interdisciplinary, as it takes into account and integrates the results of archaeological research, knowledge in the field of history, philosophy and cultural anthropology. The article presents the effectiveness of interdisciplinary methods in expanding analytical and interpretative possibilities of archeology regarding the rituals of sacrifice and sacrificial sites., The subject matter of the article concerns on ritual sacrificial practices related to human sacrifices among the Western Slavs, including the Polish lands and the Polabia region. The chronological range covers the early Middle Ages, from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Considerations on this subject include the review of anthropological and philosophical disciplines research including R. Girard studies in this aspect, an analysis of written sources, and above all the analysis of the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites from an archaeological perspective. The aim of the study was to identify archaeological remains related to sacrificial rituals by presenting the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites at selected archaeological sites. The study aims to discuss the issues with interpretations of various aspects of the human sacrifices from the early medival Western Slavdom territory sites. The work is interdisciplinary, as it takes into account and integrates the results of archaeological research, knowledge in the field of history, philosophy and cultural anthropology. The article presents the effectiveness of interdisciplinary methods in expanding analytical and interpretative possibilities of archeology regarding the rituals of sacrifice and sacrificial sites.

This article discusses a find that is arguably one of the most important Anglo-Scandinavian objects to have come to light in the past decade. The artefact in question has been interpreted as a zoomorphic mount that originally adorned the pointed end of a large drinking horn. The author identifies a theme linking this prestigious artefact with three other zoomorphic drinking horn terminals: although all these terminals form an animal head, the right and left sides of each beast are not identical. An attempt is made to reveal the mnemonic agency of the drinking horns as it relates to early medieval ceremonial drinking. Without producing irrefutable answers to all questions about these enigmatic mounts, the article presents a case study in the early medieval archaeology of the mind.

This article discusses a find that is arguably one of the most important Anglo-Scandinavian objects to have come to light in the past decade. The artefact in question has been interpreted as a zoomorphic mount that originally adorned the pointed end of a large drinking horn. The author identifies a theme linking this prestigious artefact with three other zoomorphic drinking horn terminals: although all these terminals form an animal head, the right and left sides of each beast are not identical. An attempt is made to reveal the mnemonic agency of the drinking horns as it relates to early medieval ceremonial drinking. Without producing irrefutable answers to all questions about these enigmatic mounts, the article presents a case study in the early medieval archaeology of the mind.

Presented here are the data collected during regional surveys of Vidarbha, India, which were collected to reconstruct the societal and cultural changes that took place in this region during the mid-first millennium CE. Following an overview of the data and their research context, we describe the methods that were used to collect, process and analyse them. This is accompanied by a critical assessment of the factors that constrained the survey and our results. The dataset is then described in detail, with a thorough account of each data group and how they are arranged, presented and archived. Finally, we discuss how these data can be reused in the continued archaeological study of this region, and comparative studies of site distributions.

This article discusses a find that is arguably one of the most important Anglo-Scandinavian objects to have come to light in the past decade. The artefact in question has been interpreted as a zoomorphic mount that originally adorned the pointed end of a large drinking horn. The author identifies a theme linking this prestigious artefact with three other zoomorphic drinking horn terminals: although all these terminals form an animal head, the right and left sides of each beast are not identical. An attempt is made to reveal the mnemonic agency of the drinking horns as it relates to early medieval ceremonial drinking. Without producing irrefutable answers to all questions about these enigmatic mounts, the article presents a case study in the early medieval archaeology of the mind.

The weakening of the Roman Danube limes in the course of the 4th and 5th centuries AD, caused by the invasions of Germanic tribes and of the Huns, brought about the destruction of the once-powerful Roman fortifications and towns within the borders of the Balkan provinces of the Empire. According to historical and archaeological research, it is well known that a significant ruralisation of former Roman cities and fortifications took place. Although it is plausible to suspect that such developments impacted greatly on livestock management practices, direct evidence on changes in animal exploitation is missing due to the absence of faunal assemblages from the transition period between Late Roman and Early Medieval times. This paper aims to explore this topic, by integrating the scarce archaeozoological data from the periods in question from the Danube region in Serbia. We will analyse and compare species frequencies and biometrical data of the most common domesticates from two temporally distant (but so far the only available) faunal assemblages, i.e. the one from the Late Roman layers of the city of Viminacium (4th century AD; analysed by the authors), and that from the Early Medieval features of the fort of Pontes (9th/10th century AD; published by L. Bartosiewicz in 1996). In order to bridge the significant chronological gap between these two sites, we will also discuss specific archaeological finds from the fortifications, which might be considered as indirect evidence of animal husbandry strategies, as well as published archaeozoological data from sites located in the hinterland of the Central Balkans. This will allow to characterize changes in livestock management from the Late Roman to the Early Medieval periods in the Danube region of present-day Serbia

This article analyses the uses of Latin and Old English in the charters of Worcester cathedral, which represents one of the largest and most linguistically interesting of the surviving Anglo-Saxon archives. Specifically focused on the period encompassing the episcopates of Wærferth and Oswald (c. 870 to 992), this survey examines a time of intense administrative activity at Worcester, contemporaneous with significant transformations in the political and cultural life of Anglo-Saxon England more generally. In doing so, this article argues that when writing in either Latin or the vernacular, charter draftsmen responded to a number of variables; language choice did not simply reflect varying levels of literacy. Furthermore, the frequent cases of code-switching found in tenth-century Worcester documents mark this community out as exceptional, suggesting that attitudes towards the interaction between the two languages could vary considerably between institutions.

Peter’s Pence began as an annual donation from England to the papacy. It was later taken up more widely and lasted until the Reformation in England, but its beginnings are much murkier. This article reassesses the earliest forms of Peter’s Pence in the period before 1066. Offerings made by individual Anglo-Saxon pilgrims to Rome gave rise to more regular gifts from several kings between Offa (757–96) and Alfred (871–99); under the latter, gifts also began to be associated with the people as well as the king. A fully articulated mechanism for raising Peter’s Pence only emerges later, however, in the time of Edgar (959–75) and his successors, especially Æthelred II (978–1016). The nature of the national and local frameworks which were used to extract, channel and safeguard the render are assessed in detail, based on sources from across England. Bishops played a central role in this system, above all the archbishop of Canterbury, who received the collected tribute from the kingdom as a whole. The article, utilising a variety of chronicles, law codes and religious texts, as well as coins, stresses the significance of the emergence of Peter’s Pence for views of late Anglo-Saxon England’s government and religious ideology. Comparisons with gifts to Rome from post-Conquest England and from other parts of early medieval Europe underscore the uniqueness of Anglo-Saxon England’s large and regular offering—a powerful reflection of its close and ongoing relationship with St Peter and his heirs.

This article analyses the uses of Latin and Old English in the charters of Worcester cathedral, which represents one of the largest and most linguistically interesting of the surviving Anglo-Saxon archives. Specifically focused on the period encompassing the episcopates of Wærferth and Oswald (c. 870 to 992), this survey examines a time of intense administrative activity at Worcester, contemporaneous with significant transformations in the political and cultural life of Anglo-Saxon England more generally. In doing so, this article argues that when writing in either Latin or the vernacular, charter draftsmen responded to a number of variables; language choice did not simply reflect varying levels of literacy. Furthermore, the frequent cases of code-switching found in tenth-century Worcester documents mark this community out as exceptional, suggesting that attitudes towards the interaction between the two languages could vary considerably between institutions.

Peter’s Pence began as an annual donation from England to the papacy. It was later taken up more widely and lasted until the Reformation in England, but its beginnings are much murkier. This article reassesses the earliest forms of Peter’s Pence in the period before 1066. Offerings made by individual Anglo-Saxon pilgrims to Rome gave rise to more regular gifts from several kings between Offa (757–96) and Alfred (871–99); under the latter, gifts also began to be associated with the people as well as the king. A fully articulated mechanism for raising Peter’s Pence only emerges later, however, in the time of Edgar (959–75) and his successors, especially Æthelred II (978–1016). The nature of the national and local frameworks which were used to extract, channel and safeguard the render are assessed in detail, based on sources from across England. Bishops played a central role in this system, above all the archbishop of Canterbury, who received the collected tribute from the kingdom as a whole. The article, utilising a variety of chronicles, law codes and religious texts, as well as coins, stresses the significance of the emergence of Peter’s Pence for views of late Anglo-Saxon England’s government and religious ideology. Comparisons with gifts to Rome from post-Conquest England and from other parts of early medieval Europe underscore the uniqueness of Anglo-Saxon England’s large and regular offering—a powerful reflection of its close and ongoing relationship with St Peter and his heirs.

This article analyses the uses of Latin and Old English in the charters of Worcester cathedral, which represents one of the largest and most linguistically interesting of the surviving Anglo-Saxon archives. Specifically focused on the period encompassing the episcopates of Wærferth and Oswald (c. 870 to 992), this survey examines a time of intense administrative activity at Worcester, contemporaneous with significant transformations in the political and cultural life of Anglo-Saxon England more generally. In doing so, this article argues that when writing in either Latin or the vernacular, charter draftsmen responded to a number of variables; language choice did not simply reflect varying levels of literacy. Furthermore, the frequent cases of code-switching found in tenth-century Worcester documents mark this community out as exceptional, suggesting that attitudes towards the interaction between the two languages could vary considerably between institutions.

Peter’s Pence began as an annual donation from England to the papacy. It was later taken up more widely and lasted until the Reformation in England, but its beginnings are much murkier. This article reassesses the earliest forms of Peter’s Pence in the period before 1066. Offerings made by individual Anglo-Saxon pilgrims to Rome gave rise to more regular gifts from several kings between Offa (757–96) and Alfred (871–99); under the latter, gifts also began to be associated with the people as well as the king. A fully articulated mechanism for raising Peter’s Pence only emerges later, however, in the time of Edgar (959–75) and his successors, especially Æthelred II (978–1016). The nature of the national and local frameworks which were used to extract, channel and safeguard the render are assessed in detail, based on sources from across England. Bishops played a central role in this system, above all the archbishop of Canterbury, who received the collected tribute from the kingdom as a whole. The article, utilising a variety of chronicles, law codes and religious texts, as well as coins, stresses the significance of the emergence of Peter’s Pence for views of late Anglo-Saxon England’s government and religious ideology. Comparisons with gifts to Rome from post-Conquest England and from other parts of early medieval Europe underscore the uniqueness of Anglo-Saxon England’s large and regular offering—a powerful reflection of its close and ongoing relationship with St Peter and his heirs.

El edificio conocido como Cortijo de las Mezquitas (Antequera, Málaga) representa uno de los hallazgos más interesantes acaecidos en la arqueología medieval peninsular en las últimas décadas. Hoy aislado en una zona rural a escasos kilómetros de Antequera, la ausencia de un asentamiento cercano documentado añade aún más incertidumbre a propósito del origen de una fundación ciertamente excepcional. Esta obra monumental, de cante-ría y trazado ortogonal, se integra en una construcción posterior que ha funcionado como cortijo hasta hace escasos años, feliz circunstancia que ha facilitado su conservación. Trascurrida una década desde su presentación a la comu-nidad científica por Carlos Gozalbes Cravioto, proponemos ahora una revisión sobre los postulados iniciales defi-nidos entonces. Para ello, realizamos una aproximación arqueológica y tecnológica a su construcción, a partir de la cual intentaremos identificar sus formas de construir y encuadrar estas en un marco temporal preciso., The building commonly known as Cortijo de las Mezquitas (Antequera, Málaga) is one of the most interesting discoveries happened in the peninsular medieval archaeolog y within the last decades. Currently isolated in a rural area and not far from Antequera, the absence of a recorded nearby settlement is besides another uncer-tainty regarding its foundation, which is for sure exceptional. This is a monumental stonework construction plan-ned orthogonally, included in a later building, this one a farmhouse in use until recently and responsible for the preservation of the former. Ten years later after its publication by Carlos Gozalbes Cravioto, it is aimed with this paper to update that work. In order to do this, an archaeological and technological approach is proposed, being this the basis to identify its ways of construction and to ascribe them to a precise period.

Innehåll 1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren 2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren 3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn 4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson 5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom 6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg 7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren 8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn 9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg, Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer

Innehåll 1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren 2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren 3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn 4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson 5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom 6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg 7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren 8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn 9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg, Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer

This paper discusses how the production rate of historical and archaeological data might contain unique information about past societies. The case study is the frequency of entries in the Annals of Ulster, a primary early medieval source from Ireland, which was compared to the frequency of archaeological material from early medieval Ireland. The two datasets were found to contain similar trends, namely a rapid increase in activity in the 7th Century, followed by a decline in the Early 9th Century, low levels of activity in the 10th Century, until recovery in the Late 10th / Early 11th Centuries. This overall pattern of activity had not been noticed before. Turning to the archaeological record of Britain, although there are certain similarities between Ireland and Scotland especially in the early part of the period, we find that the 9th and 10th centuries there were a stable period, and thus contrast with Ireland. We argue that environmental pressures are unlikely to be driving the signal, and instead various socio-cultural factors in the past coalesced in Ireland, leading to circumstances powerful enough to attenuate the enduring evidence for human activity, but expressing themselves silently, perhaps even in a way that was not immediately obvious to those witnessing them in the past. The simplest explanation, we contend, is that population levels fell throughout the period. This finding offers insight into the relationship between long-term change and the primary production of history, and supports the idea that the quantity of certain historical data can contain information about past realities.

The following dissertation is a digital exploration of medieval South Indian sacred landscapes through the corporeal and material developments at a specific pilgrimage center. I focus both on how particular devotional experiences were structured through corporeal management of devotees, and on their connection to the ritual, social, and political life of a historicized sacred space. Corporeal experience is analyzed through an examination of devotee movement, accessibility, and sensorial engagement with the material world. The material world refers specifically to both the natural and built environment, including landscape features, spatial organization, and architectural design, and consequently provides information about social interaction within these spaces. This thesis does not engage with abstract or mythological landscapes, which remain to be reconstructed for the period of investigation, though associations of the mythological with places in the landscape are noted where known. My spatial focus in this study is centered on the sacred Hemakuta Hill and the immediate surrounding area, in the imperial capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire, also called Vijayanagara, located in the Bellary District of Karnataka, India. My temporal focus is on the hitherto under-studied period of 600 CE to 1325 CE and the Early Imperial Phase years of the Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336-1400 CE). During this time, the Hemakuta Hill area was a liminal river pilgrimage site associated with death rituals and folk deities. It subsequently expanded to also become the primary cult center for the Sanskritic deity, Virupaksha. Through the use of the spatio-temporal visualizing capabilities of ArcGIS, coupled with the immersive panoramic capabilities of Google Street View, I provide new insights into the development of the historic material world and ritual experiences in the Hemakuta Hill area, exposing the problems of homogenizing pre- and early imperial Vijayanagara archi

Procédese á revisión dos traballos de prospección previa na serra do Barbanza e ampliados aos montes de Macenda e Bealo na procura de asentamentos gandeiros/pastorís, no curso deses traballos localizáronse ademáis un interesante xacemento de cronoloxía calcolítca e un castro inédito. Asemade, dáse conta dos resultados das intervencións en dous xacementos, un de carácter gandeiro que presenta un palimpsesto estrutural e cronolóxico (Río Barbanza), e outro relacionado con sistemas de control territorial (Outeiro da Torre)., We review the survey works carried through in the district of Barbanza, now extended to the parishes of Macenda and Bealo in search of livestock / pastoral settlements. In the course of these explorations a Copper Age site was discovered and, nearby, a previously unknown hillfort. An account is given of the results of the digging in two sites; one related to husbandry tasks, that presents a structural and chronological palimpsest (Rio Barbanza); and another more, related to territorial control systems (Outeiro da Torre).

We review the survey works carried through in the district of Barbanza, now extended to the pa-rishes of Macenda and Bealo in search of livestock / pastoral settlements. In the course of these explorations a Copper Age site was discovered and, nearby, a previously unknown hillfort. An ac-count is given of the results of the digging in two sites; one related to husbandry tasks, that presents a structural and chronological palimpsest (Rio Barbanza); and another more, related to territorial control systems (Outeiro da Torre)., Procédese á revisión dos traballos de prospección previa na serra do Barbanza e ampliados aos montes de Macenda e Bealo na procura de asentamentos gandeiros/pastorís, no curso deses traballos localizáronse ademáis un interesante xacemento de cronoloxía calcolítca e un castro inédito. Asemade, dáse conta dos resultados das intervencións en dous xacementos, un de carácter gandeiro que presenta un palimpsesto estrutural e cronolóxico (Río Barbanza), e outro relacionado con sistemas de control territorial (Outeiro da Torre).

This paper discusses how the production rate of historical and archaeological data might contain unique information about past societies. The case study is the frequency of entries in the Annals of Ulster, a primary early medieval source from Ireland, which was compared to the frequency of archaeological material from early medieval Ireland. The two datasets were found to contain similar trends, namely a rapid increase in activity in the 7th Century, followed by a decline in the Early 9th Century, low levels of activity in the 10th Century, until recovery in the Late 10th / Early 11th Centuries. This overall pattern of activity had not been noticed before. Turning to the archaeological record of Britain, although there are certain similarities between Ireland and Scotland especially in the early part of the period, we find that the 9th and 10th centuries there were a stable period, and thus contrast with Ireland. We argue that environmental pressures are unlikely to be driving the signal, and instead various socio-cultural factors in the past coalesced in Ireland, leading to circumstances powerful enough to attenuate the enduring evidence for human activity, but expressing themselves silently, perhaps even in a way that was not immediately obvious to those witnessing them in the past. The simplest explanation, we contend, is that population levels fell throughout the period. This finding offers insight into the relationship between long-term change and the primary production of history, and supports the idea that the quantity of certain historical data can contain information about past realities.

We review the survey works carried through in the district of Barbanza, now extended to the pa-rishes of Macenda and Bealo in search of livestock / pastoral settlements. In the course of these explorations a Copper Age site was discovered and, nearby, a previously unknown hillfort. An ac-count is given of the results of the digging in two sites; one related to husbandry tasks, that presents a structural and chronological palimpsest (Rio Barbanza); and another more, related to territorial control systems (Outeiro da Torre)., Procédese á revisión dos traballos de prospección previa na serra do Barbanza e ampliados aos montes de Macenda e Bealo na procura de asentamentos gandeiros/pastorís, no curso deses traballos localizáronse ademáis un interesante xacemento de cronoloxía calcolítca e un castro inédito. Asemade, dáse conta dos resultados das intervencións en dous xacementos, un de carácter gandeiro que presenta un palimpsesto estrutural e cronolóxico (Río Barbanza), e outro relacionado con sistemas de control territorial (Outeiro da Torre).

Innehåll 1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren 2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren 3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn 4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson 5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom 6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg 7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren 8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn 9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg, Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer

Procédese á revisión dos traballos de prospección previa na serra do Barbanza e ampliados aos montes de Macenda e Bealo na procura de asentamentos gandeiros/pastorís, no curso deses traballos localizáronse ademáis un interesante xacemento de cronoloxía calcolítca e un castro inédito. Asemade, dáse conta dos resultados das intervencións en dous xacementos, un de carácter gandeiro que presenta un palimpsesto estrutural e cronolóxico (Río Barbanza), e outro relacionado con sistemas de control territorial (Outeiro da Torre)., We review the survey works carried through in the district of Barbanza, now extended to the parishes of Macenda and Bealo in search of livestock / pastoral settlements. In the course of these explorations a Copper Age site was discovered and, nearby, a previously unknown hillfort. An account is given of the results of the digging in two sites; one related to husbandry tasks, that presents a structural and chronological palimpsest (Rio Barbanza); and another more, related to territorial control systems (Outeiro da Torre).

Innehåll 1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren 2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren 3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn 4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson 5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom 6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg 7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren 8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn 9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg, Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer

Innehåll 1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren 2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren 3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn 4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson 5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom 6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg 7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren 8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn 9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg, Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer

Bakalářská práce se zabývá zpracováním archeologického výzkumu v Dražkovicích a interpretací získaných poznatků. Obsahuje rozbor a vyhodnocení terénní situace včetně výběru z terénní dokumentace. Dále je pozornost věnována analýze keramického materiálu a jeho přesnějšímu chronologickému zařazení, roztřídění a určení původu. V závěru je zkoumaná lokalita zasazena do širšího sídelního kontextu raně středověkého Chrudimska., This bachelor's thesis deals with processing of archaeological research in Dražkovice and interpretation of the findings. It contains the analysis and interpretation of condition of the area, including references to the documentation files about the location. It also contains the analysis of pottery and its categorization in chronological order as well as its classification and determination of its origin. In the conclusive part, the location is put in wider context of settlements in the region of Chrudim., Fakulta filozofická, Studentka nejprve seznámila s tématem práce, metodami zpracování a výsledky, kterých dosáhla. Následovalo přečtení posudků školitele a oponenta. Studentka v diskusi odpověděla na vznesené dotazy.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, forms, and function(s) of iron amulets deposited in the late Iron Age gravefields of Lovö, with the goal of ascertaining how (and so far as possible why) these objects were utilized in rituals carried out during and after burials. Particular emphasis is given to re-interpreting the largest group of iron amulets, the iron amulet rings, in a more relational and practice-focused way than has heretofore been attempted. By framing burial analyses, questions of typology, and evidence of ritualized actions in comparison with what is known of other cult sites in Mälardalen specifically– and theorized about the cognitive landscape(s) of late Iron Age Scandinavia generally– a picture of iron amulets as inscribed objects made to act as catalytic, protective, and mediating agents is brought to light.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, forms, and function(s) of iron amulets deposited in the late Iron Age gravefields of Lovö, with the goal of ascertaining how (and so far as possible why) these objects were utilized in rituals carried out during and after burials. Particular emphasis is given to re-interpreting the largest group of iron amulets, the iron amulet rings, in a more relational and practice-focused way than has heretofore been attempted. By framing burial analyses, questions of typology, and evidence of ritualized actions in comparison with what is known of other cult sites in Mälardalen specifically– and theorized about the cognitive landscape(s) of late Iron Age Scandinavia generally– a picture of iron amulets as inscribed objects made to act as catalytic, protective, and mediating agents is brought to light.

The emergence of Gamla Uppsala as a centre has been discussed for centuries. During the past years, old excavations have been incorporated into the frame-work of the archaeological research project Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre (GUAM), with GIS and excavations in combination with survey results and reinterpretations, as old excavations are placed in relation to new investigations. This article is based on the results from excavations in 2011 and 2015 and studies of previous investigations in the light of new results. We have chosen to present a stand der forschung of what we currently know about the 6th to 8th century estate in the centre of Gamla Uppsala, how it emerges as part of an un-paralleled monumentalization of the area, what we know of a Migration Period prelude and its transformation during the 8th/9th century. Today we can discuss the relationship between a multitude of elements in the complex, such as in-dividual mounds, the great hall, workshops, economy buildings, fences, paved courtyards, post-row monuments and not least landscape development and resource exploitation on a broad scale. In our strategic work, previously isolated monuments are tied together in a project that will continue in the years ahead., Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre

The emergence of Gamla Uppsala as a centre has been discussed for centuries. During the past years, old excavations have been incorporated into the frame-work of the archaeological research project Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre (GUAM), with GIS and excavations in combination with survey results and reinterpretations, as old excavations are placed in relation to new investigations. This article is based on the results from excavations in 2011 and 2015 and studies of previous investigations in the light of new results. We have chosen to present a stand der forschung of what we currently know about the 6th to 8th century estate in the centre of Gamla Uppsala, how it emerges as part of an un-paralleled monumentalization of the area, what we know of a Migration Period prelude and its transformation during the 8th/9th century. Today we can discuss the relationship between a multitude of elements in the complex, such as in-dividual mounds, the great hall, workshops, economy buildings, fences, paved courtyards, post-row monuments and not least landscape development and resource exploitation on a broad scale. In our strategic work, previously isolated monuments are tied together in a project that will continue in the years ahead., Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre

The emergence of Gamla Uppsala as a centre has been discussed for centuries. During the past years, old excavations have been incorporated into the frame-work of the archaeological research project Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre (GUAM), with GIS and excavations in combination with survey results and reinterpretations, as old excavations are placed in relation to new investigations. This article is based on the results from excavations in 2011 and 2015 and studies of previous investigations in the light of new results. We have chosen to present a stand der forschung of what we currently know about the 6th to 8th century estate in the centre of Gamla Uppsala, how it emerges as part of an un-paralleled monumentalization of the area, what we know of a Migration Period prelude and its transformation during the 8th/9th century. Today we can discuss the relationship between a multitude of elements in the complex, such as in-dividual mounds, the great hall, workshops, economy buildings, fences, paved courtyards, post-row monuments and not least landscape development and resource exploitation on a broad scale. In our strategic work, previously isolated monuments are tied together in a project that will continue in the years ahead., Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre

In this thesis a ground-penetration radar survey was carried out in four areas, Borgmästarängen, Draken, Urmakaren and Koppardosan in Sigtuna. The aim of this paper is to detect remnants of the Viking Age harbor at those chosen sites. Former research investigations have discovered findings which are related to shipbuilding like clench nails, rivets and boat nails; however, the question remains whether Sigtuna ever had a central harbor, and researchers suggested instead that every town plot had its own mooring. This paper addresses this question by deploying geophysical surveys to increase the understanding of the town’s organization. Furthermore this paper will discuss how the detected structures can be understood in comparison to earlier Viking Age and early Medieval towns, in this case Birka, Hedeby and Schleswig where central harbors have been discovered and investigated.

In this thesis a ground-penetration radar survey was carried out in four areas, Borgmästarängen, Draken, Urmakaren and Koppardosan in Sigtuna. The aim of this paper is to detect remnants of the Viking Age harbor at those chosen sites. Former research investigations have discovered findings which are related to shipbuilding like clench nails, rivets and boat nails; however, the question remains whether Sigtuna ever had a central harbor, and researchers suggested instead that every town plot had its own mooring. This paper addresses this question by deploying geophysical surveys to increase the understanding of the town’s organization. Furthermore this paper will discuss how the detected structures can be understood in comparison to earlier Viking Age and early Medieval towns, in this case Birka, Hedeby and Schleswig where central harbors have been discovered and investigated.

The emergence of Gamla Uppsala as a centre has been discussed for centuries. During the past years, old excavations have been incorporated into the frame-work of the archaeological research project Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre (GUAM), with GIS and excavations in combination with survey results and reinterpretations, as old excavations are placed in relation to new investigations. This article is based on the results from excavations in 2011 and 2015 and studies of previous investigations in the light of new results. We have chosen to present a stand der forschung of what we currently know about the 6th to 8th century estate in the centre of Gamla Uppsala, how it emerges as part of an un-paralleled monumentalization of the area, what we know of a Migration Period prelude and its transformation during the 8th/9th century. Today we can discuss the relationship between a multitude of elements in the complex, such as in-dividual mounds, the great hall, workshops, economy buildings, fences, paved courtyards, post-row monuments and not least landscape development and resource exploitation on a broad scale. In our strategic work, previously isolated monuments are tied together in a project that will continue in the years ahead., Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre

The emergence of Gamla Uppsala as a centre has been discussed for centuries. During the past years, old excavations have been incorporated into the frame-work of the archaeological research project Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre (GUAM), with GIS and excavations in combination with survey results and reinterpretations, as old excavations are placed in relation to new investigations. This article is based on the results from excavations in 2011 and 2015 and studies of previous investigations in the light of new results. We have chosen to present a stand der forschung of what we currently know about the 6th to 8th century estate in the centre of Gamla Uppsala, how it emerges as part of an un-paralleled monumentalization of the area, what we know of a Migration Period prelude and its transformation during the 8th/9th century. Today we can discuss the relationship between a multitude of elements in the complex, such as in-dividual mounds, the great hall, workshops, economy buildings, fences, paved courtyards, post-row monuments and not least landscape development and resource exploitation on a broad scale. In our strategic work, previously isolated monuments are tied together in a project that will continue in the years ahead., Gamla Uppsala - the emergence of a mythical centre