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Cross- shore wave transformation, nearshore current, and morphology model predictions using Delfi3D are compared with comprehensive observations acquired on a barred beach at Duck, North Carolina over a wide range of conditions. The Delfi3D 2- DH model utilizes shallow water equations to phase resolve the mean and infragravity motions in combination with an advection diffusion equation for the sediment transport. Model coefficients and the effect of small changes in the wave incidence angle were examined for model sensitivity. The wave transformation model is dependent on the breaking parameter gamma, which determines organized wave energy dissipation. Gamma was found to increase as a function of offshore Hms. However, this is robust and a model skill of .89 was obtained using a constant gamma = .425. The manning number n affects the current bed shear stress and determines the model current magnitude having an optimal value of n 0.02. The model is not overly sensitive to the value of n. The asymmetry coefficient alpha(w) determines the amount of onshore sediment movement. The rip channel created by mean currents on a short time scale is not affected by alpha(w) whereas bar evolution requires more time to develop allowing alpha(w) to affect morphology. A values of .25 gave the best results. Further research is needed to calibrate this parameter. Small changes in wave angle can cause significant errors for currents when complex bathymetry is present and the waves are near shore normal. Overall the model is robust with sensitivity to small changes in near normal wave angles over complex bathymetry., The original document contains color images.

Detonation of projectiles containing white phosphorus, a smoke-producing munition, contaminated Eagle River Flats (ERF), a salt marsh located on Fort Richardson, Alaska. Ingestion of the highly toxic white phosphorus residues by dabbling ducks and swans resulted in significant waterfowl mortality, leading to the suspension of Army training with white phosphorus in wetlands and designation of Eagle River Flats as a Superfund site. The permanent ponds at ERF are ideal for long-term storage of the millimeter-size particles of white phosphorus ejected from detonated mortar and howitzer shells. With the goal of reducing waterfowl mortality, several treatment methods have been tested, the most promising of which is in-situ remediation by temporary removal of water from permanent ponds. A developmental, semiautonomous pumping system was fielded in 1997. Methods for fielding, placement, and operation of several pumping systems were developed and demonstrated in 1998. The controls were refined to optimize operations, and features added to reduce fuel consumption. Performance has continued to be refined, and results from the first two years of remediation indicate that the remediation method is highly effective.

River Almanac is an authorized publication of the U.S. Department of the Interior published periodically by the Environmental Management Technical Center to provide an ongoing exchange of information between the EMTC and other Long Term Resource Monitoring Program participants and the general public.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service in cooperation with others have conducted an annual survey of breeding waterfowl throughout central Canada, the north-central United States, and Alaska since 1955. The area comprises more than 50 strata of habitats. Ducks are counted from aerial transects, and the counts are adjusted upward to account for birds that are not observed by aerial crews. These adjustments, called visibility correction factors, are developed from counts on the ground during which all waterfowl are assumed to have been detected. Counts on the ground are made of a subsample of the aerial survey. Visibility correction factors are calculated for each species and for each aerial crew. The total number of ducks by species and by strata is then calculated as the product of the observed density, the visibility correction factor, and the area of the strata.

Bowman-Haley Reservoir is a popular lake located along the western part of the North Dakota/South Dakota border. The lake was constructed in 1966 as a flood control and water supply reservoir. Although little of the water in the lake has been used for water supply, the lake became a popular recreation area due to a general lack of water-related activities available in the semiarid region. The lake initially had good water quality; however, as the lake aged, water quality declined. Suspended solids, excess nutrients and corresponding turbidity, excess algae growth, and low winter dissolved oxygen concentrations are the main concerns. Recreational use of the lake has also declined. The local Soil Conservation Service developed a plan to improve the water quality of the reservoir (Soil Conservation Service 1990) which primarily consists of reducing nonpoint source pollution through good agricultural land management. In addition, a 23-acre1 wetland was constructed in 1991 on Spring Creek with the dual purposes of water quality enhancement and creation of waterfowl nesting habitat. The wetland was constructed on U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) lands upstream of the reservoir by the Bowman Slope Soil Conservation District and Ducks Unlimited.

The physical environment of Eagle River Flats (ERF), a subarctic tidal flat and salt marsh, is progressively changing because of the interactions of multiple physical processes, including a high tidal range, two primary sediment sources, cold climate and location within an active earthquake zone. In addition, ERF has been used by the U.S. Army as an artillery range, where high explosives or smoke-producing shells have been detonated, causing cratering and disrupting drainage. The physical environment of ERF needs to be understood to help remediate a problem of unusually high mortality rates in migrating waterfowl. This high mortality ot ducks is attributable to ingestion of elemental white phosphorus (P4) particles (from smoke-producing devices), which are now distributed within near-surface sediments of the ponds and marshes. The complexity of this dynamic environment makes it extremely difficult to predict what physical effects remedial measures fo(the P4 contamination will have and, conversely, what short- and long-term effects the physical system will have on the effectiveness and success of proposed remedies. Understanding both the system's response and the effects of remedial technologies is critical to deciding what measures are used. This report presents the initial analysis of the physical processes of erosion, sedimentation and sediment transport and the factors controlling activity within a portion of ERF. (MM)

The maintenance of healthy wetland and upland environments and desired populations of waterfowl depends on increasingly sophisticated management programs for public and private lands. New management techniques, properly researched and tested, need to be made available to managers and incorporated into broader programs as quickly as possible. These principles were some of the basics incorporated into the initial program of the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center when it was established in 1963. The Woodworth site was selected and it centered around an initial group of waterfowl production areas. The Woodworth Station's research and management programs evolved rapidly. There was a need to develop new wetland enhancement and upland habitat management techniques that could be applied to broader land use practices and programs, for the purposes of increasing production and survival of prairie ducks, other migratory birds, and resident wildlife. During the past 28 years, the Woodworth Station has made a significant contribution to waterfowl management, especially in the Prairie Region of the United States and Canada.

The object of this study was to determine the levels of toxicity of the liquids and solids of the Waste Lakes F and F-1. This study was requested following evaluation of reports received that Mallard Ducks died after alighting on Lakes F and F-1 and that rabbits had been found dead along their banks. The study found that the solids of Lake F only moderately toxic, but the solids of Lake F-1 are very toxic to the species tested. Based on these tests, Lake F-1 material would present a hazard to wildlife at least 10 times greater than that of Lake F material.

Trans. of Galenika (Psitacosis-Ornithosis) (Yugoslavia), v7 n1, p21-22, 1960.

The Long Island Duck Farmers’ Cooperative appealed to the Department of Agriculture and Markets for assistance in increasing consumption of ducklings. The promotion program files consist of correspondence with retailers, industry representatives, government, allied industry, extension service, farm bureau, service organizations, media, and others. Also included are recipes, food pictures, syndicated articles, radio and television scripts, press kits, and clippings. Surveys and progress reports of the Marketing Committee for development of a long-range marketing program are also included.

The Long Island Duck Farmers' Cooperative appealed to the Department of Agriculture and Markets for assistance in increasing consumption of ducklings. Series consists of correspondence with retailers, industry representatives, government, allied industry, extension service, farm bureau, service organizations, media, and others. Also included are recipes, food pictures, syndicated articles, radio and television scripts, press kits, and news clippings.