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Society's view of addiction problems and their treatment is constantly evolving. This study highlights the experience of counselors, nurses and others with social worker education of the structure of the activities, the practical work and the social work in a medical context. Based on previous research and theoretical concepts, this qualitative study is conducted to gain a more in-depth insight into the practical work of the professions and to create an understanding of the structure of the organization. The reason for conducting this study is also to see similarities and differences in how the employees of the syringe exchange activities experience what social work looks like in a medically permeated workplace. To obtain the empirical data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven different active professions at different needle exchange facilities in Sweden. The results of the study highlight, among other things, the professions' flexibility and broad scope of action, the importance of collegial collaboration for knowledge exchange and support, and the laws and regulations that the activities need to relate to. Conclusions that could be drawn were that the social work at the syringe exchange facilities is also a pervasive part of the work of the professionals and the interventions offered. Similarly, laws and regulations are perceived to be somewhat flexible according to the interviewees and many times solutions are found to ensure the best interests of the patient. Another conclusion is that large parts of the professionals' experiences of the activities support the goal and purpose of the syringe exchange activities in Sweden, i.e. to motivate people to receive care and treatment.

This study aimed to gain an increased understanding of significant factors in the exit process from addiction to alcohol or drugs, as well as how the individual process may unfold. Additionally, the purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of relapse in recovery from alcohol- or drug addiction. To conduct this study, data was collected from three autobiographies using a qualitative method. The empirical data contains life stories from individuals with an experience of alcohol- or drug addiction, and how they managed to reach sobriety. To achieve the study’s aim, thematic analysis was used as a methodological approach. In analyzing our results, Antonovsky’s sense of coherence theory (SOC) was used. The study found similarities revolving around the recovery process. The most prominent similarity was that the authors stated that belief in a higher power had played a crucial role in overcoming addiction issues to some degree. This factor was especially significant for one of the authors. Furthermore, we found that friends and family members played a significant role in the recovery process and maintaining sobriety. The study also found that all the authors experienced relapse more than once and that there is some significance of relapse. There was one specific relapse of importance that eventually led to change. Concerning Antonovsky’s SOC-theory we found that the authors had a low sense of coherence at the beginning of the recovery process. We also found that they had a high sense of coherence at the final stage of the recovery process.

Introduction. The use of illegal substances is considered one of the health problems facing the world today, given the condition caused in the population by the damage or consequences of their consumption. Method. The present investigation was carried out an analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study, working with a sample of 480 patients representing 95% of the population, intentionally selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Results. The data obtained make it possible to determine the intensity of drug use and its relationship with anxiety, depression, perceived stress and self-esteem, in a population group of adult consumers; in addition to broadening the vision of the behavioral dynamics of these phenomena. Conclusions. These results can contribute to the epidemiological monitoring of the mental condition of hospitalized patients, as well as contribute to the generation of general and specific intervention proposals for anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem by regulating drug use.

This qualitative study is conducted with objective of determining existence of drug addiction among male members from dysfunctional families in District Kohat. An enduring strong family system is a great blessing of Allah Almighty. The Allah Almighty’s Last and Final Prophet – Holy Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him promotes marriage and family institution, for the greater welfare of human society. In addition, Allah Almighty and Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him ban all addictive substances for the believers, and for the whole humanity, because of their adverse effects, and because such addiction destroys the society. Total 18 drug addict male respondents were interviewed at Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts, Kohat. Study found that a dysfunctional family push male members toward drug addiction. It is recommended to make families functional-one, and to treat drug addicted in Rehabilitation Centers, through Professional Counselors, Human Resource Specialists and Social Workers.

This qualitative study is conducted with objective of determining existence of drug addiction among male members from dysfunctional families in District Kohat. An enduring strong family system is a great blessing of Allah Almighty. The Allah Almighty’s Last and Final Prophet – Holy Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him promotes marriage and family institution, for the greater welfare of human society. In addition, Allah Almighty and Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him ban all addictive substances for the believers, and for the whole humanity, because of their adverse effects, and because such addiction destroys the society. Total 18 drug addict male respondents were interviewed at Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts, Kohat. Study found that a dysfunctional family push male members toward drug addiction. It is recommended to make families functional-one, and to treat drug addicted in Rehabilitation Centers, through Professional Counselors, Human Resource Specialists and Social Workers.

Society's view of addiction problems and their treatment is constantly evolving. This study highlights the experience of counselors, nurses and others with social worker education of the structure of the activities, the practical work and the social work in a medical context. Based on previous research and theoretical concepts, this qualitative study is conducted to gain a more in-depth insight into the practical work of the professions and to create an understanding of the structure of the organization. The reason for conducting this study is also to see similarities and differences in how the employees of the syringe exchange activities experience what social work looks like in a medically permeated workplace. To obtain the empirical data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven different active professions at different needle exchange facilities in Sweden. The results of the study highlight, among other things, the professions' flexibility and broad scope of action, the importance of collegial collaboration for knowledge exchange and support, and the laws and regulations that the activities need to relate to. Conclusions that could be drawn were that the social work at the syringe exchange facilities is also a pervasive part of the work of the professionals and the interventions offered. Similarly, laws and regulations are perceived to be somewhat flexible according to the interviewees and many times solutions are found to ensure the best interests of the patient. Another conclusion is that large parts of the professionals' experiences of the activities support the goal and purpose of the syringe exchange activities in Sweden, i.e. to motivate people to receive care and treatment.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of men in a substance use disorder (SUD) residential program simultaneously receiving domestic violence (DV) perpetration intervention and services that address adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This study examined men’s ACEs, substance use, and DV perpetration. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological model and Rudolf Moos’ modification of socioecological model provided the foundational context and theoretical framework for the study. Although there are various reasons individuals use substances, one of the underlying causes is often unattended ACEs. Individuals with SUDs are also often the perpetrators of DV within their intimate relationships. Currently, violent perpetrators are often ordered to complete batterer intervention programs, but these programs have been ineffective in reducing DV. This research study provided a voice for the men in an SUD program who have experienced ACEs and DV perpetration. Data were collected from 12 men residing in a DV perpetration intervention program using semi-structured interviews. The implications of the results from the interviews indicated that ACEs was a predictor of future drug use and domestic violence perpetration. The results of this study could be valuable for batterer intervention programs, SUD counselors, court systems, and churches.

Recent statistics have shown significant increases in substance abuse in the United Sates indicated by rising overdose deaths and hospital stays nationwide. This study was conducted to determine if early forgiveness intervention by chaplains and clergy affects the decisions of individuals struggling with substance abuse in considering forgiveness as a pathway to recovery. Based on the success of the Alcoholics Anonymous 12-step recovery program and recent studies, this research addressed forgiveness as a pathway to recovery for those struggling with substance abuse. Forgiveness was considered in one or more of five areas: forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, forgiveness from others, forgiveness of God/Higher Power, and forgiveness from God/Higher Power. The study consisted of a Substance Abuse Spirituality Survey, advertised in addiction recovery centers with residents admitted for substance abuse recovery. The research was qualitative, consisting of 50 patient surveys addressing emotional pain and the need for forgiveness. Participants were encouraged to write personal feelings toward forgiveness at the end of the survey. Observations of resident responses from facility administrators were also considered in the research results. The study achieved an overall positive effect on the residents of the recovery centers in recognizing forgiveness of self, of others, from others, of God, and from God as important components in substance abuse recovery. In addition, the study affirmed opportunity for frontline chaplains and clergy to offer early forgiveness intervention to those struggling with substance abuse.

Background: Social work with people who use drugs (PWUD) has traditionally focused on abstinence and rehabilitation. In recent years, harm reduction has gained an increasingly more important role in social work with PWUD, and social workers are key professionals in many harm reduction services. This study investigates how social workers in harm reduction services for PWUD in Sweden understand the concept of harm reduction and how it relates to goals of rehabilitation, and how they assess and deal with dilemmas and challenges in everyday work. Methods: The study is based on interviews with 22 social workers in harm reduction services for PWUD in the Scania region of Sweden. A thematic analysis in three steps was used in coding and processing the data. Results: The social workers pointed to similar values between social work and harm reduction and argued for combining the two fields to improve services for PWUD. Three overarching principles for Harm Reduction Social Work (HRSW) were developed based on the social workers accounts: (1) Harm reduction is a prerequisite for rather than a counterpoint to rehabilitation and recovery, (2) motivational work must be non-mandatory and based on the client's goals, (3) a holistic perspective is crucial for Harm Reduction Social Work. Challenges in doing HRSW concerned restrictive laws, policies, and guidelines, resistance from managers, difficulties in setting boundaries between client autonomy and life-saving interventions, and the risk of normalizing high-risk behaviors. Conclusions: We use the concept of Harm Reduction Social Work to show how social work with PWUD can have a primary focus on reducing harm and risks, while at the same time it involves a holistic perspective that facilitates motivation and change. The suggested principles of HRSW can provide guidance in practical social work with vulnerable PWUD. Social workers can have important roles in most harm reduction settings and may act to enable recovery.

Background: Social work with people who use drugs (PWUD) has traditionally focused on abstinence and rehabilitation. In recent years, harm reduction has gained an increasingly more important role in social work with PWUD, and social workers are key professionals in many harm reduction services. This study investigates how social workers in harm reduction services for PWUD in Sweden understand the concept of harm reduction and how it relates to goals of rehabilitation, and how they assess and deal with dilemmas and challenges in everyday work. Methods: The study is based on interviews with 22 social workers in harm reduction services for PWUD in the Scania region of Sweden. A thematic analysis in three steps was used in coding and processing the data. Results: The social workers pointed to similar values between social work and harm reduction and argued for combining the two fields to improve services for PWUD. Three overarching principles for Harm Reduction Social Work (HRSW) were developed based on the social workers accounts: (1) Harm reduction is a prerequisite for rather than a counterpoint to rehabilitation and recovery, (2) motivational work must be non-mandatory and based on the client's goals, (3) a holistic perspective is crucial for Harm Reduction Social Work. Challenges in doing HRSW concerned restrictive laws, policies, and guidelines, resistance from managers, difficulties in setting boundaries between client autonomy and life-saving interventions, and the risk of normalizing high-risk behaviors. Conclusions: We use the concept of Harm Reduction Social Work to show how social work with PWUD can have a primary focus on reducing harm and risks, while at the same time it involves a holistic perspective that facilitates motivation and change. The suggested principles of HRSW can provide guidance in practical social work with vulnerable PWUD. Social workers can have important roles in most harm reduction settings and may act to enable recovery.

I denna studie kommer det att undersökas hur SIS LVM-hem och behandlingshemarbetar med kvinnliga klienter inför en § 27 placering. Att förbereda enmissbrukare inför behandling kan utspela sig på flera olika sätt i Sverige. Därmissbrukare som befinner sig i ett missbruk kan bli tvångsomhänderta ochplacerade på låst behandling ifall deras missbruk har gått till den gränsen attindividen utsätter sin hälsa för så pass allvarlig fara så att det kan leda till att denavlider. När en individ placeras på låst behandling är avsikten att den skaförberedas succesivt för behandling i öppnare former enligt §27. I denna studiehar jag valt att studera ett perspektiv som involverar hur Statensinstitutionsstyrelse LVM-hem för kvinnor och ett behandlingshem arbetar med attanpassa övergången från låst behandling till öppet behandlingshem. Dåmissbruksvården är bred och de finns olika former av låsta behandlingar ochöppna behandlingar så föll valet på SIS LVM-hem för kvinnor ochbehandlingshem. Valet av avgränsning till kvinnor är på grund att som (Statensinstitutionsstyrelse (2020) redovisar är kvinnor mera utsatta än männen när dethamnar i ett drogmissbruk.I studien utformades 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer där sex var från SIS LVMhem och fem från behandlingshem. Valet av teoretiskt perspektiv föll påsamverkansteori, coping och socialt nätverk. I resultatet framkommer det att medkontinuerlig och strategisk samverkan kan missbruksvården förbättra övergångenfrån låst behandling till öppet behandlingshem. De berörda enheterna som arbetarmed missbrukaren bör gemensamt studera klientensbehov med avsikten för attförstärka deras coping strategier så att klienten bygger upp en resiliens motmissbruk. Genom att studera klienters sociala nätverk kan man kartlägga vilkenpåverkan de olika individerna har i klientens nätverk för att vägleda de tillpositiva förebilder så det upprätthåller nykterhet efter att behandlingen är klar., In this study I will research Sis LVM-home and treatment home works withfemale drug addicts for a placement according to § 27. To prepare a drug addictfor treatment have different approaches in Sweden. Where if the drug addict is ina serious drug addiction they can be forcibly acquired and placed in a locked drugtreatment institution before they can start their treatment in more open treatmentoptions according to § 27.Based on that I have chosen to study how staff work from the lockedrehabilitation facilities, Statens institutionsstyrelse LVM-hem for women and onetreatment home. Works with the transition from locked rehab facilities to openfacility paragraph § 27 for women from 18 years and above. Due to the broaddrug treatment in Sweden where there are many kinds of forms of locked facilitiesand open facilities, I have chosen SIS LVM-homes and treatment home wherethey live. The reason why I chose to study women drug addicts is based on(Statens institutionsstyrelse (2020) that they are in general more exposed thanmen during drug addiction.In this study, I have conducted 11 semi structured interviews where six are fromSIS LVM-homes and five from treatment home. The choice of theoreticalperspective is cooperation, coping and social network. As stated in the results,with a continuous strategic cooperation you can improve the transaction fromlocked to open facility. Where it is important that the concerned units commonlystudy the client's needs with the intention to improve the clients' coping strategiesso they can build up a resilience against drug addiction. By studying the socialnetwork, one can chart what kind of impact different kind of individuals have onthe client’s social network. This is used to guide the drug addicted person towhich people have a good impact on them so they can maintain a life sober whenthe rehab is done.

Introduction: Since the appearance of alcohol, men have been divided into two groups: those who drink it and those who do not. This is influenced by cultural, social, religious patterns, taboos, etc. Objective: Characterize the factors psychosocial that influence alcohol consumption in adolescents. Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was carried out on the factors that influence alcohol consumption in adolescents. The search was carried out through virtual platforms: Scielo, Lilacs, Medline and the Google Scholar search engine in March 2023. 66 references were consulted, of which 19 were selected taking into account their relevance and update according to the objective of the work. The historical-logical and analysis-synthesis methods were used to develop a reflective critical assessment of the content of the published documents. Development: Alcohol abuse is a maladaptive disorder associated with multiple factors. The alterations in the health of adolescents also produce alterations in the relationships between the members of the families with social and economic repercussions on their members and in the integral functioning of the family. Conclusions: Alcohol is a gatekeeper drug, due to its facilitating action on the consumption of other substances. The identification of the problem in the analysis of the health situation is the first step in the eradication of this problem. The current trend is to increase consumption by adolescents at ever younger ages., Introducción: Desde el surgimiento del alcohol, los hombres se dividieron en dos grupos: los que lo beben y los que no lo hacen. En ello influyen patrones culturales, sociales, religiosos, tabúes, etc. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores psicosociales que influyen en el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática sobre los factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes. La búsqueda se realizó a través de plataformas virtuales: Scielo, Lilacs, Medline y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico en marzo de 2023. Se consultaron 66 referencias, de las cuales se seleccionaron 19, teniendo en cuenta su pertinencia y actualización según objetivo del trabajo. Se emplearon los métodos histórico-lógico y de análisis-síntesis para desarrollar una valoración crítico reflexiva del contenido de los documentos publicados. Desarrollo: El abuso de alcohol es un trastorno desadaptativo asociado a múltiples factores. Las alteraciones de la salud de los adolescentes también producen alteraciones en las relaciones entre los miembros de las familias con repercusiones sociales, económicas sobre sus miembros y en el funcionamiento integral de la familia. Conclusiones: El alcohol es una droga portera, por su acción facilitadora del consumo de otras substancias. La identificación del problema en el análisis de la situación de salud es el primer paso en la erradicación de esta problemática. La tendencia actual es al incremento del consumo por los adolescentes cada vez a edades más tempranas.

The study aims to provide insight into the lives of parents to adult children with drug addiction. We focus on how the parents' social life and interactions were affected by feelings of guilt and shame, and how they dealt with the stigma that often accompanies drug addiction. 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (age 46-70) of adult children (age 18-47) with drug addiction in Sweden. Three themes emerged (1) Experiences of guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma, (2) Impact on social life and relationships and, (3) Strategies to reduce guilt and shame. Guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma complicated and restricted the parents' social interactions. Many parents applied a selective openness, carried experiences of alienation and in some cases isolated themselves. At the same time, several parents described that they were open about their child's addiction in certain contexts. For some parents, this meant a relief from guilt and shame and an opportunity for increased social interaction. Both informal and professional support for family members of individuals with drug addiction is vital to reduce experiences of guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma.

The study aims to provide insight into the lives of parents to adult children with drug addiction. We focus on how the parents' social life and interactions were affected by feelings of guilt and shame, and how they dealt with the stigma that often accompanies drug addiction. 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (age 46-70) of adult children (age 18-47) with drug addiction in Sweden. Three themes emerged (1) Experiences of guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma, (2) Impact on social life and relationships and, (3) Strategies to reduce guilt and shame. Guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma complicated and restricted the parents' social interactions. Many parents applied a selective openness, carried experiences of alienation and in some cases isolated themselves. At the same time, several parents described that they were open about their child's addiction in certain contexts. For some parents, this meant a relief from guilt and shame and an opportunity for increased social interaction. Both informal and professional support for family members of individuals with drug addiction is vital to reduce experiences of guilt, shame, and courtesy stigma.

BackgroundA chronic condition, drug addiction, requires long-term multipronged health care and treatment services. Community-based approaches can offer the advantages of managing integrated care along the care continuum and improving clinical outcomes. However, scant rigorous research focuses on sustainable, community-based care and service delivery.ObjectiveThis protocol describes a study aiming to develop and test an intervention that features the alliance of community health workers and family members to provide integrated support and individualized services and treatment for people who use drugs (PWUD) in community settings.MethodsBased on the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Seek-Test-Treat-Retain (STTR) framework, an intervention that provides training to community health workers will be developed and piloted before an intervention trial. Trained community health workers will conduct home visits and provide support for PWUD and their families. The intervention trial will be conducted in 3 regions in Vietnam, with 60 communities (named communes). These communes will be randomized to either an intervention or control condition. Intervention outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is PWUD's STTR fulfillment, consisting of multiple individual fulfillment indicators across 5 domains: Seek, Test, Treat, Retain, and Health. The secondary outcomes of interest are the community health workers' service provision and family members' support. The primary analysis will follow an intention-to-treat approach. Generalized mixed-effects regression models will be used to compare changes in the outcome measures from baseline between intervention and control conditions.ResultsDuring the first year of the project, we conducted formative studies, including in-depth interviews and focus groups, to identify service barriers and intervention strategies. The intervention and assessment pilots are scheduled in 2023 before comme

Suicide is a serious social and mental health problem; considering the recent hike in the country’s young population, it is essential to study the influential factors of suicide. This study is designed to identify the prevalence of suicide tendencies among students at the University of Peshawar. Students from various disciplines, such as psychology, statistics, computer science, English, pharmacy, journalism, international relations, and management sciences, among others, were submitted on the self-reported suicidal ideation scale (SIQUE). There was a higher prevalence rate of 30% of students having suicidal ideation among 844 students, in which the female predominance rate was higher than males. Furthermore, the married and ailing students also showed significant patterns of suicidal ideation on the SIQUE scale. The results also showed that among the students at the University of Peshawar, drug addicts had statistically higher average suicidal ideation. Those with mental disorders, physical disorders, death of loved ones, history of suicide, and weakness in religious beliefs increase the relative rates of suicidal ideation and propensity among students. Students who are married and suffer from mental disorders or other emotional or physical problems have a soaring inclination to suicide among the University of Peshawar students aged 19-30.

The topic of human rights in the aspect of relations between the state and addicted patients (and in general relations in the sphere of circulation of drugs) remains scantily explored for modern Ukraine, which actualizes further scientific research. The purpose of the article is to determine the authors’ vision of compliance with international human rights standards of the legal anti-drug prohibitions established by the state. To achieve this goal, using the historical-legal, comparative, dialectical, systemic, hermeneutic, sociological methods and legal method of cognition, national and foreign legislation was critically analyzed, international experience in implementing various models of anti-drug policy was studied, and proposals for the draft of a new Criminal Code of Ukraine were formulated. The authors pay special attention to the problems of protecting the rights of drug addicts, legal liability in the field of drug trafficking, legalization of drugs for non-medical needs and compulsory treatment of drug addicts.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and measures have placed various burdens on societies and individuals. Emerging evidence suggests that people in drug addiction recovery were negatively affected. This study investigates whether risk and protective factors associated with return to problematic substance use differed between the periods before and during the pandemic for those in recovery. Methods: A convenience sample of persons in drug addiction recovery for at least three months completed an assessment at baseline before the pandemic (T0, N = 367) and at two consecutive follow-ups 12 months apart (T1, N = 311; T2, N = 246). The final follow-up took place during the pandemic (2020− 2021). We analyzed rates and predictors of problematic substance use in both periods, and whether relations between predictors and problematic use differed between the periods. Results: Rates of problematic use did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic for those who were followed-up. However, the relationship between problematic use and commitment to sobriety differed between both periods (OR = 3.24, P = 0.010), as higher commitment was only associated with lower odds of problematic use during (OR = 0.27, P < 0.001), but not before, the pandemic (OR = 0.93, P = 0.762). In both periods, persons who were engaged in psychosocial support had lower odds of problematic use. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was not followed by significant return to problematic substance use in a cohort of people who were already in drug addiction recovery for some time before the pandemic. However, with restricted access to environmental resources, they may have been more dependent on internal motivations. Targeting personal recovery resources with interventions could therefore reduce the chances of return to problematic substance use during a pandemic.

Understandings of drug addiction recovery are still being debated. Research on perspectives from first-hand experiences with recovery is rare and often contains short-term experiences in the context of a treatment setting. We aim to gain further understanding of recovery by analyzing autobiographical data from persons in different stages of drug addiction recovery who are not linked to any specific treatment service. We conducted 30 in-depth qualitative interviews with participants from various parts of the Netherlands. Participants self-identified as being “in recovery” or “recovered” from drug addiction for at least 3 months. Men and women are equally represented, and the sample consists of an equal number of participants in early (<1 year, n = 10), sustained (1–5 years, n = 10), and stable (>5 years, n = 10) recovery. We undertook a data-driven thematic analysis. Participants described that recovery is a broad process of change because addiction is interwoven with everything (theme 1); that recovery is reconsidering identity, seeing things in a new light (theme 2); that recovery is a staged long-term process (theme 3); and that universal life processes are part of recovery (theme 4). Thus, Drug addiction recovery is experienced as an interwoven long-term process, including identity change and common or universal life processes. Policy and clinical practice should therefore be aimed at supporting long-term tailored recovery goals and disseminating first-hand recovery experiences to enhance long-term outcomes and reduce stigmatization.

Law No. 35/2009 Article 54 on narcotics clearly states that narcotics addicts and victims of narcotics abuse must receive medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Drug addiction does not instantly disappear, therefore rehabilitation is needed before they are admitted into the development phase. Not only as a place for the development of prisoners, the correctional institution is also a suitable place to rehabilitate drug prisoners, as is the case in Class I Correctional Institution Surabaya. Therefore, this research is conducted to find out the implementation of social rehabilitation for drug prisoners in Class I Correctional Institution Surabaya; and to find out the effect of social rehabilitation on legal awareness of drug prisoners there. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative combined with juridical-empirical approach. The researcher used primary and secondary data to collect the data. Primary data was obtained from the development and security section at Class I Correctional Institution Surabaya, while secondary data was obtained from literature review derived from regulations and laws related to the research topic. The implementation of social rehabilitation at Class I Correctional Institution Surabaya is in accordance with the Correctional Rehabilitation Service Provider Standards issued by the Directorate General of Corrections in 2020; and Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of Indonesia No. 12/2017 on the Implementation of Narcotics Rehabilitation for Prisoners. The programs provided during the social rehabilitation are very effective on the legal awareness of drug prisoners. Social rehabilitation include psychological and social aspects. These programs directly affect their understanding of the surrounding environment. From the research results, it is concluded that increased law enforcement against drug trafficking helps prevent drug consumption. The quality and quantity of correctional officers need to be supported

Oxycodone seeking progressively increases during abstinence and maintains for an extended period, a phenomenon termed incubation of oxycodone craving. We previously found that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a causal role in this incubation. Here, we aimed to identify critical downstream regions of OFC in incubation of oxycodone craving by focusing on the central to medial portion of the dorsal striatum (DS), based on previous anatomical evidence. We first measured projection-specific activation on abstinence day 15 seeking test by using cholera toxin b (retrograde tracer, injected into DS) +Fos (activity marker) double-labeling in the OFC. Next, we determined the effect of pharmacological reversible inactivation of DS on incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. We then used an anatomical asymmetrical disconnection procedure to determine whether OFC to DS projections contribute to incubated oxycodone seeking.

I denna studie kommer det att undersökas hur SIS LVM-hem och behandlingshemarbetar med kvinnliga klienter inför en § 27 placering. Att förbereda enmissbrukare inför behandling kan utspela sig på flera olika sätt i Sverige. Därmissbrukare som befinner sig i ett missbruk kan bli tvångsomhänderta ochplacerade på låst behandling ifall deras missbruk har gått till den gränsen attindividen utsätter sin hälsa för så pass allvarlig fara så att det kan leda till att denavlider. När en individ placeras på låst behandling är avsikten att den skaförberedas succesivt för behandling i öppnare former enligt §27. I denna studiehar jag valt att studera ett perspektiv som involverar hur Statensinstitutionsstyrelse LVM-hem för kvinnor och ett behandlingshem arbetar med attanpassa övergången från låst behandling till öppet behandlingshem. Dåmissbruksvården är bred och de finns olika former av låsta behandlingar ochöppna behandlingar så föll valet på SIS LVM-hem för kvinnor ochbehandlingshem. Valet av avgränsning till kvinnor är på grund att som (Statensinstitutionsstyrelse (2020) redovisar är kvinnor mera utsatta än männen när dethamnar i ett drogmissbruk.I studien utformades 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer där sex var från SIS LVMhem och fem från behandlingshem. Valet av teoretiskt perspektiv föll påsamverkansteori, coping och socialt nätverk. I resultatet framkommer det att medkontinuerlig och strategisk samverkan kan missbruksvården förbättra övergångenfrån låst behandling till öppet behandlingshem. De berörda enheterna som arbetarmed missbrukaren bör gemensamt studera klientensbehov med avsikten för attförstärka deras coping strategier så att klienten bygger upp en resiliens motmissbruk. Genom att studera klienters sociala nätverk kan man kartlägga vilkenpåverkan de olika individerna har i klientens nätverk för att vägleda de tillpositiva förebilder så det upprätthåller nykterhet efter att behandlingen är klar., In this study I will research Sis LVM-home and treatment home works withfemale drug addicts for a placement according to § 27. To prepare a drug addictfor treatment have different approaches in Sweden. Where if the drug addict is ina serious drug addiction they can be forcibly acquired and placed in a locked drugtreatment institution before they can start their treatment in more open treatmentoptions according to § 27.Based on that I have chosen to study how staff work from the lockedrehabilitation facilities, Statens institutionsstyrelse LVM-hem for women and onetreatment home. Works with the transition from locked rehab facilities to openfacility paragraph § 27 for women from 18 years and above. Due to the broaddrug treatment in Sweden where there are many kinds of forms of locked facilitiesand open facilities, I have chosen SIS LVM-homes and treatment home wherethey live. The reason why I chose to study women drug addicts is based on(Statens institutionsstyrelse (2020) that they are in general more exposed thanmen during drug addiction.In this study, I have conducted 11 semi structured interviews where six are fromSIS LVM-homes and five from treatment home. The choice of theoreticalperspective is cooperation, coping and social network. As stated in the results,with a continuous strategic cooperation you can improve the transaction fromlocked to open facility. Where it is important that the concerned units commonlystudy the client's needs with the intention to improve the clients' coping strategiesso they can build up a resilience against drug addiction. By studying the socialnetwork, one can chart what kind of impact different kind of individuals have onthe client’s social network. This is used to guide the drug addicted person towhich people have a good impact on them so they can maintain a life sober whenthe rehab is done.

Suicide is a serious social and mental health problem; considering the recent hike in the country’s young population, it is essential to study the influential factors of suicide. This study is designed to identify the prevalence of suicide tendencies among students at the University of Peshawar. Students from various disciplines, such as psychology, statistics, computer science, English, pharmacy, journalism, international relations, and management sciences, among others, were submitted on the self-reported suicidal ideation scale (SIQUE). There was a higher prevalence rate of 30% of students having suicidal ideation among 844 students, in which the female predominance rate was higher than males. Furthermore, the married and ailing students also showed significant patterns of suicidal ideation on the SIQUE scale. The results also showed that among the students at the University of Peshawar, drug addicts had statistically higher average suicidal ideation. Those with mental disorders, physical disorders, death of loved ones, history of suicide, and weakness in religious beliefs increase the relative rates of suicidal ideation and propensity among students. Students who are married and suffer from mental disorders or other emotional or physical problems have a soaring inclination to suicide among the University of Peshawar students aged 19-30.

The objective of the research is to expose the problems that are experienced within the penitentiary centers in Mexico, which is the issue of drug addiction and its consequences in the non-consolidation of social reintegration. This is because the human right to health (physical and psychological) is viola- ted. Said investigation contemplates demonstrating that, through the amparo trial, the prison authorities can be forced to create a drug policy that guaran- tees the right to health and provide timely treatment to persons deprived of their liberty, who suffer from an addiction due to drug use in social reinte- gration centers, with the aim of guaranteeing their I. health; II. their social reinsertion; and, III. Non-criminal recidivism., La investigación tiene como objetivo exponer la problemática que se vive den- tro de los centros penitenciarios en México, que es el tema de la drogadicción y sus consecuencias en la no consolidación de la reinserción social. Esto debi- do a que se vulnera el derecho humano a la salud (física y psicológica). En di- cha investigación se contempla demostrar, que, mediante el juicio de amparo, se pueda obligar a las autoridades penitenciarias a crear una política de drogas que garantice el derecho a la salud y se brinde un tratamiento oportuno a las personas privadas de su libertad, que sufren alguna adicción por el consumo de drogas en los centros de reinserción social, con el objetivo de que se garan- tice: I. salud; II. reinserción social; y, III. La no reincidencia delictiva

Through an Addict’s Looking-Glass is an exercise in meaning-making, a thinking-out-loud. Waithera Sebatindira unravels how it feels to live as an addict under capitalism, pondering how engaging with these experiences could bring the horizon of liberation towards us. Through embodied explorations of addiction and recovery, Sebatindira invites us to inhabit crip time, a concept that describes different temporal realities in the lives of disabled people. In this collection, the addict’s crip time is distorted, mutable and non-linear, hopping backwards and forwards through memory loops and memory loss. Blackout is time travel; sobriety is failure; finitude, freedom. An uncompromising rejection of the objectification of addicts across the political spectrum, this powerful meditation on illness, disability, solidarity and spirituality illuminates their indispensable contributions to the building of a new world., https://www.librarystack.org/through-an-addicts-looking-glass/?ref=unknown

Through an Addict’s Looking-Glass is an exercise in meaning-making, a thinking-out-loud. Waithera Sebatindira unravels how it feels to live as an addict under capitalism, pondering how engaging with these experiences could bring the horizon of liberation towards us. Through embodied explorations of addiction and recovery, Sebatindira invites us to inhabit crip time, a concept that describes different temporal realities in the lives of disabled people. In this collection, the addict’s crip time is distorted, mutable and non-linear, hopping backwards and forwards through memory loops and memory loss. Blackout is time travel; sobriety is failure; finitude, freedom. An uncompromising rejection of the objectification of addicts across the political spectrum, this powerful meditation on illness, disability, solidarity and spirituality illuminates their indispensable contributions to the building of a new world., https://www.librarystack.org/through-an-addicts-looking-glass/?ref=unknown

Suicide is a serious social and mental health problem; considering the recent hike in the country’s young population, it is essential to study the influential factors of suicide. This study is designed to identify the prevalence of suicide tendencies among students at the University of Peshawar. Students from various disciplines, such as psychology, statistics, computer science, English, pharmacy, journalism, international relations, and management sciences, among others, were submitted on the self-reported suicidal ideation scale (SIQUE). There was a higher prevalence rate of 30% of students having suicidal ideation among 844 students, in which the female predominance rate was higher than males. Furthermore, the married and ailing students also showed significant patterns of suicidal ideation on the SIQUE scale. The results also showed that among the students at the University of Peshawar, drug addicts had statistically higher average suicidal ideation. Those with mental disorders, physical disorders, death of loved ones, history of suicide, and weakness in religious beliefs increase the relative rates of suicidal ideation and propensity among students. Students who are married and suffer from mental disorders or other emotional or physical problems have a soaring inclination to suicide among the University of Peshawar students aged 19-30.

La Sindicatura de Greuges de Barcelona i el Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya han rebut queixes de famílies d’una escola en relació amb la instal·lació d'un centre d’acollida per a persones sense llar amb addiccions a poca distància de l’escola.

La Sindicatura de Greuges de Barcelona i el Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya han rebut queixes de famílies d’una escola en relació amb la instal·lació d'un centre d’acollida per a persones sense llar amb addiccions a poca distància de l’escola.

This study investigated perceived influence of bibliotherapy on the rehabilitation of drug addicts in South-west Nigerian teaching hospitals. The study specifically identified the pattern of information utilisation by drug addicts; examined approaches used by medical librarians in administering bibliotherapy and perception of drug addicts on behaviour modification using bibliotherapy. The survey research design was used for the study and the population of the respondents consisted of Forty-Eight (48) drug addicts purposively selected. Questionnaires were used as instrument for data gathering and were pretested for validity and analysed using frequency, percentages and four-point Likert scale. Hypothesis was also tested using spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Out of 48 questionnaires administered, 45 were returned and found useful representing 94% response rate. The survey revealed that respondents used specific reading materials for information with mean of 2.9; they used novels, short stories, poetry, plays and biographies to improve their psychological wellbeing with mean of 3.1; it was also revealed that they read online books on addiction and recovery with mean of 2.6, among others. It was revealed that bibliotherapy assisted them to recognize when they were likely to relapse; it assisted them to avoid and cope with relapse and encouraged abstinence from addictive substances. The result of the correlation indicated a low positive relationship between pattern of information utilisation and behaviour modification. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. It was recommended that health information professionals should work with mental health practitioners in providing access to information that would enhance behaviour modification among drug addicts.

Nearly 20,000 people died from cocaine overdoses in 2020 (NIDA, 2020). Similarly, overdose deaths involving opioids reached 70,000 following the pandemic (NIDA, 2021). Despite the impact that these disorders have on society, there are no FDA approved drug treatments for CUD and only three for OUD. Therefore, more effective treatment options are needed.One possible target for new pharmacotherapies is the GABA-A system. Methylglyoxal, an endogenous product, is a GABA-A agonist (Distler et al. 2012). The enzyme GLO1, metabolizes MG; thus, GLO1 inhibitors increase levels of MG. Studies have shown the co-administration of a GABA-A agonist, Midazolam, with cocaine potentiates the locomotor activation of cocaine (Morris, 2008). Similarly, co-administration of fentanyl with the GLO1 inhibitor, pBBG, increased locomotor activation (Harp et al., 2022). These studies suggest a role for GABA-A in the response to cocaine and oxycodone. This thesis investigated the potential of GLO1 to alter behavioral responses to cocaine and oxycodone, including locomotor activation and reward seeking behavior, measured by the open field test (OFT) and the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Results showed that co-administration of pBBG with cocaine, but not oxycodone, potentiates the locomotor activation typical with cocaine. In the conditioned place preference experiments mice showed a robust CPP following conditioning trials, but preference was not affected by pBBG. Although pBBG does not affect drug seeking behavior to cocaine or oxycodone in CPP, the interaction between cocaine and pBBG supports a relationship between GABAergic signaling and the effects of cocaine.

In the past decade overall, there have been increases in adolescent nicotine and cannabinoid use. Yet the long-term implications of this drug exposure, in particular the co-exposure of both of these drugs, on cognition, reward-related behaviors, later drug intake, and relapse-related behaviors is largely understudied. This dissertation explores the novel studies conducted to assess the long-term implications of adolescent nicotine and cannabinoid exposure. Using various behavioral paradigms and intravenous nicotine self-administration in a mouse model, we have shown that adolescent exposure to a cannabinoid or co-exposure to both nicotine and a cannabinoid alters anxiety-related behaviors, cognitive flexibility, natural reward consumption, and nicotine intake in a sex-dependent manner (Pushkin et al. 2019 and Dukes et al. 2020). Moreover, we have shown that adolescent drug exposure can alter the responsivity to cue-induced drug seeking later in life (Dukes et al. 2022 in prep). The final chapter of this dissertation branches off into a more global perspective focusing on the importance of proper mentorship and support for people from historically marginalized backgrounds in the field of neuroscience (Dukes 2020, Singleton et al. 2020, and Singleton et al. 2021).

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) Two guests: Journalist BETH MACY the author of the book Dopesick about the opioid epidemic, which was made into a HULU mini series starring Michael Keaton (the series won a Peabody). MACY's new book is Raising Lazarus: Hope, Justice and the Future of America's Over dose Crisis. Also MICHELLE MATHIS co-founder of Olive Branch Ministries, which provides services to people struggling with addiction in rural North Carolina. (INTERVIEW BY DAVE DAVIES) (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW) (2.) TV critic DAVID BIANCULLI reviews the final episode of Better Call Saul.

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) Journalist SCOTT HIGHAM is the co-author of the new book American Cartel: Inside the Battle to Bring Down the Opioid Industry. It's about the manufacturers, distributors and pharmacies behind the opioid epidemic, and about their lobbyists and lawyers, many who had close ties to members of congress and high ranking officials inside the justice department. HIGHAM's co-author is Washington Post reporter Sari Horwitz. They've been investigating the opioid industry for five years, and co-authored the Post's series the Opioid Files. Higham also partnered with CBS's 60 minutes on an opioid industry investigation that received a Peabody, Emmy and Dupont Award. (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).

This study aimed to conduct theoretical research in psychoanalysis on the clinical care for drug addiction. It is theoretical research in psychoanalysis, aiming at new conceptual chains on the theme. The consumption that presents itself as drug addiction is attributed to a deadly enjoyment, a dynamic that aims at the total satisfaction of the individual's drives. We concluded how the dynamics of jouissance represented by Replacement and Supplement play a differential role in comprehending drug consumption. We suggest, as a counterpoint, that the Alienation and Separation movement, which worked as a metaphor in the Fort-Da dynamic, is of great value in conducting the clinical process for the treatment of these individuals., Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma pesquisa teórica em psicanálise sobre a clínica da toxicomania. Trata-se pesquisa teórica em psicanálise, visando a novos encadeamentos conceituais a respeito do tema. O consumo, que se apresenta como toxicômano, é atribuído a um gozo mortífero, dinâmica que visa à satisfação total das pulsões do Sujeito. Concluímos ao longo desse escrito que as dinâmicas de gozo representadas pelo Suplemento e Suplência possuem uma análise diferencial para a compreensão do consumo de drogas. Sugerimos, como contraponto, que o movimento de Alienação e Separação, metaforizado pela dinâmica do Fort-Da, é de grande valia na condução do processo clínico para o tratamento desse Sujeito., Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una investigación teórica en psicoanálisis sobre una clínica de drogadicción. Se trata de una investigación teórica en psicoanálisis, apuntando a nuevas cadenas conceptuales sobre el tema. El consumo que se presenta como drogadicto se atribuye a un goce mortal, dinámica que apunta a la satisfacción total de los impulsos del Sujeto. Concluimos a lo largo de este artículo cómo la dinámica del goce representada por el Suplemento y el Reemplazo tiene un papel diferencial en la comprensión del consumo de drogas. Sugerimos, como contrapunto, que el movimiento de Alienación y Separación, metaforizado por la dinámica Fort-Da, es de gran valor en la conducción del proceso clínico para el tratamiento de estos sujetos.

La Sindicatura de Greuges de Barcelona i el Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya han rebut queixes de famílies d’una escola en relació amb la instal·lació d'un centre d’acollida per a persones sense llar amb addiccions a poca distància de l’escola.

La Sindicatura de Greuges de Barcelona i el Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya han rebut queixes de famílies d’una escola en relació amb la instal·lació d'un centre d’acollida per a persones sense llar amb addiccions a poca distància de l’escola.

Drug addiction is a serious problem globally, recently exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is considered a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of addiction. Previous animal experiments have proven that GDNF has a good therapeutic effect on drug addiction, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Low-frequency focused ultrasound, combined with microbubbles, is a non-invasive and reversible technique for locally-targeted BBB opening. In the present study, magnetic resonance imaging-guided low-frequency focused ultrasound, combined with GDNF microbubbles, was used to target BBB opening in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) region. The effects of GDNF on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and acute withdrawal symptoms in rats after a partially opened BBB were evaluated by behavioral observation. Western blot was used to detect changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression levels in the VTA region after different treatments, and high performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the changes in monoamine neurotransmitter content. The results showed that ultrasound combined with GDNF microbubbles targeted and opened the BBB in the VTA region, and significantly increased GDNF content, destroyed morphine-induced CPP, and reduced the withdrawal symptoms of morphine addiction in rats. Furthermore, the up-regulation of TH expression and the increase of norepinephrine and dopamine content induced by morphine were significantly reversed, and the increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine content was partially reversed. Therefore, ultrasound combined with GDNF microbubbles to target and open the BBB can effectively increase the content of central GDNF, thus playing a therapeutic role in morphine addiction. Our study provides a new approach to locally open the BBB and target delivery of neurotrophic factors, such as GDNF, to treat brain diseases like addi

This current qualitative study analyzed treatment-staff perceptions of the advantages and weaknesses of Israeli’s primary prison-based drug rehabilitation program, as implemented in Hermon Prison in Israel. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 social workers and recovery mentors who worked as therapists in Hermon Prison during the research period. The analysis showed that the main advantages described were that the program was varied (included psychotherapy, education, vocational training, and work) and required a 1-year stay in a therapeutic community setting, with intensive exposure to eclectic psychotherapy methods and was delivered in a prison that is organizationally and architecturally designed to serve treatment goals. The primary weaknesses that the therapists perceived were shortages of treatment staff (staff turnover was high), individual psychological therapy and of follow-up treatment in the community. The research suggests that reducing these deficiencies may improve the program’s effectiveness, and it offers an initial theoretical model for creating an effective drug rehabilitation program.

Introduction/purpose/objectives: Women with substance use disorders have a lower demand and a higher failure rate in specialized residential treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that made it difficult or easier for women to access and stay in drug addiction treatment in mixed-type residential centers. Methods: Initial sociodemographic information was collected through an ad hoc questionnaire and a descriptive qualitative study was carried out through the development and analysis of focused groups. For this, eight focused groups were formed with a convenience criterion of five therapeutic communities and three therapeutic floors, in which 49 women were undergoing treatment at that time participated. Results: The main findings showed the difficulties that women face both when it comes to accessing it, and to complete the process in mixed residential treatment centers as they require to deal with the androcentrism permeated in these centers, in front of their male counterparts. Discussion/inputs/originality: The overexertion that women have to make to complete their therapeutic process successfully was shown. The study confirms the importance of continuing to emphasize the development of intervention and training programs for addiction professionals from a gender perspective to provide a comprehensive response to a latent problem., Introducción/propósito/objetivos: Las mujeres con trastornos por consumo de sustancias presentan menor demanda y mayor índice de fracasos en el tratamiento residencial especializado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que dificultaban o facilitaban el acceso y la permanencia de mujeres en tratamientos de drogodependencias en centros residenciales de tipología mixta. Metodología: Se recopiló la información inicial sociodemográfica a través de un cuestionario ad hoc y se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo descriptivo mediante el desarrollo y análisis de grupos focales. Para ello se formaron ocho grupos focales con un criterio de conveniencia de cinco comunidades terapéuticas y tres pisos terapéuticos del que participaron 49 mujeres que realizaban tratamiento en ese momento. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos mostraron las dificultades con las que se encuentran las mujeres tanto a la hora de acceder a realizarlo, como para completar su proceso en centros de tratamiento residenciales mixtos y lidiar con el androcentrismo impregnado en dichos centros, ante sus homólogos varones. Discusión/aportación/originalidad: Se mostró el sobresfuerzo que han de realizar las mujeres para completar su proceso terapéutico con éxito. El estudio confirma la importancia de seguir haciendo hincapié en desarrollar programas de intervención y formación de los profesionales de adicciones en perspectiva de género para dar respuesta integral a una problemática latente.