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Decisions on water allocation to humans and the environment depend on physical engineering structures, various operations and allocation policies, supplies, and demands of numerous end-users. Different assumptions of current and future scenarios can anticipate decisions that best meet human and environmental objectives, under different stressors (e.g., climate change, increased demands). Environmental water allocation especially presents intricate challenges, given the interplay of various regulations and the complexities of managing water resources across different regions. Therefore, the goal of this collection of studies is to provide new insights on reservoir operations, hydropower generation and water management in the Central Sierra Nevada, California, aiming to balance human demands, while achieving greater environmental benefits. This work involves the use of a novel method for water-power modeling with a specific application to the Central Sierra Nevada, California introduced in Chapter 1, and used in Chapters 2 and 4. The modeling framework includes more detailed and facility-specific information to provide a more comprehensive and finer temporal resolution (daily time-step) of water allocation decisions than those found in most modeling efforts. This is a potentially crucial method for modeling water management, due to the reconciliation of water and power systems through the integration of hydroeconomic needs (e.g., hydropower operations) and rule-based simulation (e.g., instream flow requirements), which is one of the biggest challenges in modeling water systems. Better representation of real-world systems is essential to address the difficulties in water management and to analyze solutions. These models are made available for use in a broad range of scenario analyses, including different hydrological inputs (historical and future climates), electricity prices, and a variety of management objectives. Chapter 2 delves into the nuanced landscape of environmental flow (e-flows) requirements, primarily anchored on water year types (WYTs), to understand the efficacy and adaptability of current strategies. Through an extensive examination of pertinent hydropower licensing documents, the research identifies a lack of standardized adoption of WYTs in many river reaches, manifesting as minimal variation across different year types and limited seasonal fluctuations. Incorporating climate change projections from multiple Global Circulations Models, the study reveals significant variability in WYT distributions under existing management strategies. This variability has led to inconsistencies in e-flow management, exacerbating potential conflicts among stakeholders. To address these challenges, an adaptive strategy is proposed, employing a method to recalibrate WYT thresholds, aiming to bolster the reliability and resilience of e-flows. As a result, Chapter 3 critically analyzes the systemic barriers hindering the effective implementation of e-flows. A comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis were conducted, yielding insights into the major impediments such as competing priorities of human water uses, data deficiencies, and resource and capacity limitations. To enhance the successful implementation of e-flows, the dissertation recommends a system analysis approach, utilizing modeling tools to navigate competing demands and foster holistic flow allocations based on hydroecological principles. In turn, Chapter 4 evaluates the resilience of water systems and hydropower against climate whiplash. Through 200 synthetic hydrologic sequences of different lengths of dry-wet-dry combinations, the research underscores the vulnerability of water storage and the implications for water resource management, offering policy suggestions to enhance system flexibility and resilience against climatic shocks. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes by providing policy insights and recommendations based on these studies to help inform stakeholders and decision-makers in the search for sustainable solutions to water management problems.

Aesthetic judgement plays a key role in many aspects of everyday life, judging an object to be aesthetically pleasing often heightens the pleasure and enjoyment derived from that object. One area where this applies is artwork, where most genres and styles of art heavily rely on being considered aesthetically pleasing. It has been shown that an aesthetic judgement of a piece of art combines many different aspects, all contributing to the assessment. Identifying and understanding these aspects for 2D images has been extensively investigated, however, 3D items have not been considered to the same degree. In this paper, we investigate which aspects contribute to the aesthetic judgement of 3D virtual sculptures, using a gamified approach within a custom VR environment. Participants were able to express which aspects contributed to their assessment of the virtual sculptures. We found that some stalwart 2D aspects, such as complexity and order, are not as highly important for 3D items, being replaced by other characteristics such as how dynamic the sculpture appeared.

Aesthetic judgement plays a key role in many aspects of everyday life, judging an object to be aesthetically pleasing often heightens the pleasure and enjoyment derived from that object. One area where this applies is artwork, where most genres and styles of art heavily rely on being considered aesthetically pleasing. It has been shown that an aesthetic judgement of a piece of art combines many different aspects, all contributing to the assessment. Identifying and understanding these aspects for 2D images has been extensively investigated, however, 3D items have not been considered to the same degree. In this paper, we investigate which aspects contribute to the aesthetic judgement of 3D virtual sculptures, using a gamified approach within a custom VR environment. Participants were able to express which aspects contributed to their assessment of the virtual sculptures. We found that some stalwart 2D aspects, such as complexity and order, are not as highly important for 3D items, being replaced by other characteristics such as how dynamic the sculpture appeared.

BACKGROUND: Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for effective, efficient, and more equitable health systems for all people, including those living with HIV/AIDS. This study evaluated the impact of the exposure to one of the largest community-based PHC programs in the world, the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (FHS), on AIDS incidence and mortality. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A retrospective cohort study carried out in Brazil from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015. We conducted an impact evaluation using a cohort of 3,435,068 ≥13 years low-income individuals who were members of the 100 Million Brazilians Cohort, linked to AIDS diagnoses and deaths registries. We evaluated the impact of FHS on AIDS incidence and mortality and compared outcomes between residents of municipalities with low or no FHS coverage (unexposed) with those in municipalities with 100% FHS coverage (exposed). We used multivariable Poisson regressions adjusted for all relevant municipal and individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and contextual variables, and weighted with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). We also estimated the FHS impact by sex and age and performed a wide range of sensitivity and triangulation analyses; 100% FHS coverage was associated with lower AIDS incidence (rate ratio [RR]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.84) and mortality (RR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.56 to 0.82). FHS impact was similar between men and women, but was larger in people aged ≥35 years old both for incidence (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.72) and mortality (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.72). The absence of important confounding variables (e.g., sexual behavior) is a key limitation of this study. CONCLUSIONS: AIDS should be an avoidable outcome for most people living with HIV today and our study shows that FHS coverage could significantly reduce AIDS incidence and mortality among low-income populations in Brazil. Universal access to comprehensive healthcare through community-based PHC programs should be promot

The International Congress on Proximity Planning (June 26 - 28, 2024) has presented original research papers that explore the thematic and empirical challenges and opportunities that arise in the application of proximity-based planning in cities. Proximity is a planning principle with a tradition of more than a century, recently revived by circumstances such as COVID-19 and the impact of ITs, or by urban strategies such as the 15-minute city in Paris, the superblocks in Barcelona, or the blocks of care in Bogota. The current opportunity is to promote proximity as one of the foundations of urban regeneration processes to meet global challenges. However, the conceptual framework in which to integrate it, its policies, tools and metrics among other questions, need further discussion. Thus, the abstracts presented addressed, but not limited to, the following areas: | Frameworks | 15-minute city & Proximity-Centered Accessibility. Healthy City. Walkable City. Equity & gender. Mobility justice. | Challenges 1 | Urban regeneration. Affordable housing and re-densification. Peripheral centralities. Local economy. Proximity agriculture. | Challenges 2 | Territorial and medium distance mobilities (public transport, bikes & micromobility). Commuting to work. | Challenges 3 | Proximity planning across city scales. Urban-rural relationships, service proximity in rural environments. | Tools 1 | Policy & planning tools for proximity. Public participation. Digitalization. | Tools 2 | Accessibility metrics. Proximity planning encompasses a diverse range of disciplines seeking to promote equitable accessibility in support of complete neighborhoods. A complete neighborhood offers destinations and activities that support the daily life of residents and visitors. But it is not only about destinations. From housing, urban design, and infrastructure, to planning tools, resource allocation, and social interaction, understanding that the dynamics of proximity planning hold immense potential

Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is an urgent need to accelerate this process. This manuscript introduces the concept and design of an innovative research approach to drug development in fILD: a global Randomised Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform in fILD (REMAP-ILD). Methods: Description of the REMAP-ILD concept and design: the specific terminology, design characteristics (multifactorial, adaptive features, statistical approach), target population, interventions, outcomes, mission and values, and organisational structure. Results: The target population will be adult patients with fILD, and the primary outcome will be a disease progression model incorporating forced vital capacity and mortality over 12 months. Responsive adaptive randomisation, prespecified thresholds for success and futility will be used to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions. REMAP-ILD embraces the core values of diversity, equity, and inclusion for patients and researchers, and prioritises an open-science approach to data sharing and dissemination of results. Conclusion: By using an innovative and efficient adaptive multi-interventional trial platform design, we aim to accelerate and improve care for patients with fILD. Through worldwide collaboration, novel analytical methodology and pragmatic trial delivery, REMAP-ILD aims to overcome major limitations associated with conventional randomised controlled trial approaches to rapidly improve the care of people living with fILD.

The implementation of intrapreneurship in organizations has helped them to respond promptly to market changes, ensuring their survival and progress. In this perspective, this research analyzes the magnitude of the influence of intrapreneurial experiences on Competitive Advantage (CA) and Innovation (IN) and vice versa, by applying Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PSL-SEM). This method consists of two phases: verification of the measurement model, in which the relationships between the constructs and the observable variables are validated; and investigation of the structural model, by evaluating the relationships between the constructs. The results show that Intrapreneurship has a magnitude of influence on IN of around 0.609 and on VC of around 0.184. On the other hand, IN has an influence on VC of around 0.409, confirming the main assumptions raised in the research literature., A implementação do Intraempreendedorismo nas organizações tem contribuído para que estas respondam prontamente às mudanças de mercado, garantindo a sobrevivência e o progresso das mesmas. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa analisa a magnitude da influência de experiências intraempreendedoras na Vantagem Competitiva (VC) e na Inovação (IN) e vice-versa, mediante a aplicação de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais-Modelagem de Equações de Estruturais (PSL-SEM). Este método é composto por duas fases: a verificação do modelo de mensuração, em que foram validadas as relações entre constructos e as variáveis observáveis; e a investigação do modelo estrutural, por meio da avaliação das relações entre os constructos. Os resultados demonstram que Intraempreendedorismo possui magnitude de influência sobre IN da ordem de 0,609 e sobre a VC na ordem de 0,184. Por outro lado, a IN exerce influência sobre a VC da ordem de 0,409, confirmando os principais pressupostos levantados na literatura pesquisada., La implantación del intrapreneurship en las organizaciones les ha ayudado a responder con prontitud a los cambios del mercado, garantizando su supervivencia y progreso. Desde esta perspectiva, esta investigación analiza la magnitud de la influencia de las experiencias intraemprendedoras sobre la Ventaja Competitiva (AC) y la Innovación (IN), y viceversa, aplicando Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PSL-SEM). Este método consta de dos fases: verificación del modelo de medida, en la que se validan las relaciones entre los constructos y las variables observables; e investigación del modelo estructural, mediante la evaluación de las relaciones entre los constructos. Los resultados muestran que Intrapreneurship tiene una magnitud de influencia sobre IN de alrededor de 0,609 y sobre VC de alrededor de 0,184. Por otra parte, el IN tiene una influencia sobre el VC de alrededor de 0,409, lo que confirma las principales hipótesis planteadas en la literatura de investigación.

BACKGROUND Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is an urgent need to accelerate this process. This manuscript introduces the concept and design of an innovative research approach to drug development in fILD: a global Randomised Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform in fILD (REMAP-ILD). METHODS Description of the REMAP-ILD concept and design: the specific terminology, design characteristics (multifactorial, adaptive features, statistical approach), target population, interventions, outcomes, mission and values, and organisational structure. RESULTS The target population will be adult patients with fILD, and the primary outcome will be a disease progression model incorporating forced vital capacity and mortality over 12 months. Responsive adaptive randomisation, prespecified thresholds for success and futility will be used to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions. REMAP-ILD embraces the core values of diversity, equity, and inclusion for patients and researchers, and prioritises an open-science approach to data sharing and dissemination of results. CONCLUSION By using an innovative and efficient adaptive multi-interventional trial platform design, we aim to accelerate and improve care for patients with fILD. Through worldwide collaboration, novel analytical methodology and pragmatic trial delivery, REMAP-ILD aims to overcome major limitations associated with conventional randomised controlled trial approaches to rapidly improve the care of people living with fILD.

FIDO2 authentication is starting to be applied in numerous web authentication services, aiming to replace passwords and their known vulnerabilities. However, this new authentication method has not been integrated yet with network authentication systems. In this paper, we introduce FIDO2CAP: FIDO2 Captive-portal Authentication Protocol. Our proposal describes a novel protocol for captive-portal network authentication using FIDO2 authenticators, as security keys and passkeys. For validating our proposal, we have developed a prototype of FIDO2CAP authentication in a mock scenario. Using this prototype, we performed an usability experiment with 15 real users. This work makes the first systematic approach for adapting network authentication to the new authentication paradigm relying on FIDO2 authentication., Comment: This is an author version. It has not been peer reviewed

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) carries significant mortality and unpredictable progression, with limited therapeutic options. Designing trials with patient-meaningful endpoints, enhancing the reliability and interpretability of results, and streamlining the regulatory approval process are of critical importance to advancing clinical care in IPF. Methods: A landmark in-person symposium in June 2023 assembled 43 participants from the US and internationally, including patients with IPF, investigators, and regulatory representatives, to discuss the immediate future of IPF clinical trial endpoints. Patient advocates were central to discussions, which evaluated endpoints according to regulatory standards and the FDA's "feels, functions, survives" criteria. Results: Three themes emerged: 1) consensus on endpoints mirroring the lived experiences of patients with IPF; 2) consideration of replacing forced vital capacity (FVC) as the primary endpoint, potentially by composite endpoints that include 'feels, functions, survives' measures or FVC as components; 3) support for simplified, user-friendly patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as either components of primary composite endpoints or key secondary endpoints, supplemented by functional tests as secondary endpoints and novel biomarkers as supportive measures . Conclusion: This report, detailing the proceedings of this pivotal symposium, suggests a potential turning point in designing future IPF clinical trials more attuned to outcomes meaningful to patients, and documents the collective agreement across multidisciplinary stakeholders on the importance of anchoring IPF trial endpoints on real patient experiences-namely, how they feel, function, and survive. There is considerable optimism that clinical care in IPF will progress through trials focused on patient-centric insights, ultimately guiding transformative treatment strategies to enhance patients' quality of life and survival.

Objectives: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) are immunomodulatory treatments in interstitial lung disease (ILD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MMF or AZA on pulmonary function in ILD. Design: Population included any ILD diagnosis, intervention included MMF or AZA treatment, outcome was delta change from baseline in per cent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and gas transfer (diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide, %DLco). The primary endpoint compared outcomes relative to placebo comparator, the secondary endpoint assessed outcomes in treated groups only. Eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective observational studies were included. No language restrictions were applied. Retrospective studies and studies with high-dose concomitant steroids were excluded. Data synthesis: The systematic search was performed on 9 May. Meta-analyses according to drug and outcome were specified with random effects, I2 evaluated heterogeneity and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation evaluated certainty of evidence. Primary endpoint analysis was restricted to RCT design, secondary endpoint included subgroup analysis according to prospective observational or RCT design. Results: A total of 2831 publications were screened, 12 were suitable for quantitative synthesis. Three MMF RCTs were included with no significant effect on the primary endpoints (%FVC 2.94, 95% CI -4.00 to 9.88, I2=79.3%; %DLco -2.03, 95% CI -4.38 to 0.32, I2=0.0%). An overall 2.03% change from baseline in %FVC (95% CI 0.65 to 3.42, I2=0.0%) was observed in MMF, and RCT subgroup summary estimated a 4.42% change from baseline in %DLCO (95% CI 2.05 to 6.79, I2=0.0%). AZA studies were limited. All estimates were considered very low certainty evidence. Conclusions: There were limited RCTs of MMF or AZA and their benefit in ILD was of very low certainty. MMF may support preservation of pulmonary function, yet confi

[Abstract]: FIDO2 authentication is starting to be applied in numerous web authentication services, aiming to replace passwords and their known vulnerabilities. However, this new authentication method has not been integrated yet with network authentication systems. In this paper, we introduce FIDO2CAP: FIDO2 Captive-portal Authentication Protocol. Our proposal describes a novel protocol for captive-portal network authentication using FIDO2 Authenticators as security keys and passkeys. For validating our proposal, we have developed a prototype of FIDO2CAP authentication in a mock scenario. Using this prototype, we performed a usability experiment with 15 real users. This work makes the first systematic approach for adapting network authentication to the new authentication paradigm relying on FIDO2 authentication.

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the effectiveness of remote teacher preparation during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically special education teachers participating at an Intern Credentialing Program in Northern California. In addition to remote teacher preparation, the study explored how intern teachers experienced delivering special services remotely, how they perceived the Intern Program prepared them compared to traditional programs, and how they experienced their preparation to become agents of change in public education. Data for this study was collected through field journals, surveys and interviews. The findings of this study revealed that Intern Teachers experienced remote Teacher Education as having more benefits than challenges, however the delivery of services to students with disabilities had more challenges than benefits. The interviews indicated that the Intern Teachers believe they are not well prepared to be agents of change. Implications of the study include recommendations to continue teacher education remotely, to develop a tool to determine student benefit from delivery of special services remotely, and to add to teacher education programs curriculum and activities that support diversity, inclusion, and belonging in the classroom through the frameworks of EmancipatoryPedagogies, Critical Race Theory, Culturally Relevant Pedagogy, Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy and Discrit.Keywords: remote learning, remote teacher education, remote special education, teaching during COVID-19, learning during COVID-19, education in the pandemic

OBJECTIVES: To establish a framework by which experts define disease subsets in systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS: A conceptual framework for subclinical, clinical and progressive ILD was provided to 83 experts, asking them to use the framework and classify actual SSc-ILD patients. Each patient profile was designed to be classified by at least four experts in terms of severity and risk of progression at baseline; progression was based on 1-year follow-up data. A consensus was reached if ≥75% of experts agreed. Experts provided information on which items were important in determining classification. RESULTS: Forty-four experts (53%) completed the survey. Consensus was achieved on the dimensions of severity (75%, 60 of 80 profiles), risk of progression (71%, 57 of 80 profiles) and progressive ILD (60%, 24 of 40 profiles). For profiles achieving consensus, most were classified as clinical ILD (92%), low risk (54%) and stable (71%). Severity and disease progression overlapped in terms of framework items that were most influential in classifying patients (forced vital capacity, extent of lung involvement on high resolution chest CT [HRCT]); risk of progression was influenced primarily by disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Using our proposed conceptual framework, international experts were able to achieve a consensus on classifying SSc-ILD patients along the dimensions of disease severity, risk of progression and progression over time. Experts rely on similar items when classifying disease severity and progression: a combination of spirometry and gas exchange and quantitative HRCT.

BACKGROUND: Poverty and social inequality are risk factors for poor health outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS. In addition to eligibility, cash transfer programmes can be divided into two categories: those with specific requirements (conditional cash transfers [CCTs]) and those without specific requirements (unconditional cash transfers). Common CCT requirements include health care (eg, undergoing an HIV test) and education (eg, children attending school). Trials assessing the effect of cash transfer programmes on HIV/AIDS outcomes have yielded divergent findings. This review aimed to summarise evidence to evaluate the effects of cash transfer programmes on HIV/AIDS prevention and care outcomes. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, WHO IRIS, PAHO-IRIS, BDENF, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde SP, Localizador de Informação em Saúde, Coleciona SUS, BINACIS, IBECS, CUMED, SciELO, and Web of Science up to Nov 28, 2022. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of cash transfer programmes on HIV incidence, HIV testing, retention in HIV care, and antiretroviral therapy adherence, and conducted risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to combine studies and calculate risk ratios (RRs). Subgroup analyses were performed using conditionality types (ie, school attendance or health care). The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021274452. FINDINGS: 16 RCTs, which included 5241 individuals, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 13 studies included conditionalities for receiving cash transfer programmes. The results showed that receiving a cash transfer was associated with lowered HIV incidence among individuals who had to meet health-care conditionalities (RR 0·74, 95% CI 0·56-0·98) and with

Objective: Although there have been remarkable achievements in the molecular landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in recent years, bringing advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, development and progression, little has been applied in the prognosis and choosing the optimal treatment. In this study, we explored the influence of the stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), which is frequently reported to be highly expressed in many cancers, in OSCCs. Methods: STIP1 expression was assessed in the TCGA database and in two independent cohorts by immunohistochemistry. Knockdown strategy was applied in OSCC cell lines to determine the impact of STIP1 on viability, proliferation, migration and invasion. The zebrafish model was applied for studying tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. The association of STIP1 and miR-218-5p was explored by bioinformatics and mimics transfection. Results: STIP1 was highly expressed in OSCCs and significantly associated with shortened survival and higher risk of recurrence. STIP1 down-regulation decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells, and reduced the number of metastases in the Zebrafish model. STIP1 and miR-218-5p were inversely expressed, and the transfection of miR-218-5p mimics into OSCC cells decreased STIP1 levels as well as proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion: Our findings show that STIP1 overexpression, which is inversely associated with miR-218-5p levels, contributes to OSCC aggressiveness by controlling proliferation, migration and invasion and is a determinant of poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Social determinants of health (SDH) include factors such as income, education, and race, that could significantly affect the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Studies on the effects of SDH on HIV/AIDS are limited, and do not yet provide a systematic understanding of how the various SDH act on important indicators of HIV/AIDS progression. We aimed to evaluate the effects of SDH on AIDS morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 28.3 million individuals was evaluated over a 9-year period (from 2007 to 2015). Multivariable Poisson regression, with a hierarchical approach, was used to estimate the effects of SDH-at the individual and familial level-on AIDS incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates. FINDINGS: A total of 28,318,532 individuals, representing the low-income Brazilian population, were assessed, who had a mean age of 36.18 (SD: 16.96) years, 52.69% (14,920,049) were female, 57.52% (15,360,569) were pardos, 34.13% (9,113,222) were white/Asian, 7.77% (2,075,977) were black, and 0.58% (154,146) were indigenous. Specific socioeconomic, household, and geographic factors were significantly associated with AIDS-related outcomes. Less wealth was strongly associated with a higher AIDS incidence (rate ratios-RR: 1.55; 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.43-1.68) and mortality (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.70-2.34). Lower educational attainment was also greatly associated with higher AIDS incidence (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.26-1.68), mortality (RR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.99-3.82) and case-fatality rates (RR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.31-4.01). Being black was associated with a higher AIDS incidence (RR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.45-1.61), mortality (RR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.57-1.83) and case-fatality rates (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03-1.32). Overall, also considering the other SDH, individuals experiencing greater levels of socioeconomic deprivation were, by far, more likely to acquire AIDS, and to die from it. INTERPRETATION: In the population stu

This article presents reflections on a pedagogical experience with the indigenous theme in a public school in the Federal District. Although the Federal Law 11.645/2008 was promulgated more than a decade ago, establishing the mandatory teaching of Afro-Brazilian and indigenous history and culture in the Brazilian basic education curriculum, its implementation remains a multifactorial problem for the school system. The objective of the research was to address students’ perceptions about indigenous peoples and the challenges faced by teachers participating in the initiative about teaching the contents foreseen in the Law. The inquiry was developed based on the methodological principles of action research. In this sense, it involved the execution of a set of pedagogical interventions in cooperation with teachers of the arts discipline and the observation of the effects of this action in the light of a critical intercultural perspective. The results of this exercise reveal that there is still a strong reproduction of stereotypical images of the Brazilian national imaginary in students’ perceptions about “Indians”. They also show that there are still gaps and superficiality in teacher training and in teaching resources on the subject, even though we currently have a variety of sources produced by indigenous people in different languages. On the other hand, the pedagogical intervention indicates the fertility of the indigenous theme for the diversification of pedagogical practices and the decolonization of curricula, with significant effects on the educational environment of elementary school., Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre uma experiência pedagógica com a temática indígena em uma escola pública do Distrito Federal. Embora a Lei Federal 11.645/2008 tenha sido promulgada há mais de uma década, instituindo a obrigatoriedade do ensino das histórias e culturas afro-brasileira e indígena no currículo da educação básica brasileira, a sua implementação permanece um problema multifatorial para o sistema escolar. O objetivo da pesquisa foi abordar as percepções de estudantes sobre os povos indígenas e os desafios enfrentados por professores participantes da iniciativa sobre o ensino dos conteúdos previstos na Lei. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base nos princípios metodológicos da pesquisa-ação. Nesse sentido, envolveu a execução de um conjunto de intervenções pedagógicas em cooperação com docentes da disciplina de artes e a observação dos efeitos dessa ação à luz de uma perspectiva intercultural crítica. Os resultados desse exercício revelam que ainda há uma forte reprodução de imagens estereotipadas do imaginário nacional brasileiro nas percepções estudantis acerca dos “índios”. Mostram também que permanecem lacunas e superficialidade na formação de professores e nos recursos didáticos sobre o assunto, ainda que atualmente tenhamos uma variedade de fontes produzidas por indígenas em diferentes linguagens. Por outro lado, a intervenção pedagógica indica a fertilidade da temática indígena para a diversificação de práticas pedagógicas e a descolonização dos currículos, com efeitos significativos no ambiente educativo do ensino fundamental.

Electronic tax documents represent an important advance in the process of digital transformation of tax administrations in Brazil. However, the current system still presents several challenges to be overcome. In the technological aspect, vulnerabilities and inconsistencies typical of a centralized model can be mentioned. In addition, from a functional perspective, the lack of control over taxes payments is a major concern. In this context, Blockchain technology emerges as a possibility to complement the current model, thanks to its characteristics, such as traceability, immutability, security and transparency, which are essential in the tax environment. This work proposes four application models based on Blockchain aimed at monitoring the payment of taxes, using different types of integration with existing systems. After the presentation and description of the models, they are discussed and compared, in order to reinforce their main characteristics, facilitating decision making in possible future applications.

Future projections indicate an expansion for both food and energy demands, which can increase pressure on land use, while there is an urgent global need for climate change mitigation. Bioenergy is foreseen as key option to meet future energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however its sustainability depends on locations and regional characteristics. Simultaneously, agricultural production models that co-produce food, feed, and energy offer sustainability synergies and co-benefits, but site-specific sustainability assessments of their large-scale implementation are missing. This study presents a bottom-up approach to assess spatially explicit sustainability aspects of bioenergy-livestock integrated systems (BLI) in Brazil and shed light on their contribution to future energy demands, to climate change mitigation targets, and their impacts on selected ecosystem services, including bioenergy production, climate change mitigation, reduction of food competition, biodiversity conservation, and avoided deforestation. The proposed integration considers livestock intensification and use of biofuels by-products as animal feed supplement, taking advantage of synergies between these two value chains. The expansion of the BLI system in the Center-South region of Brazil produce up to 89 billion liters of ethanol, enough to meet future domestic ethanol demands from multiple shared socioeconomic pathways and generating surpluses for export. This production takes place on 16 million hectares of pastureland within the Sugarcane Agroecological Zoning, excluding the Amazon and Pantanal biomes, and biodiversity hotspots. BLI expansion mitigate up to 250 million tonnes of CO2eq and generate 15 billion dollars of profits. The best locations to maximize the selected ecosystem services are west of São Paulo, east of Mato Grosso do Sul, and the south-central region of the states of Goiás. This study may encourage the formulation of enhanced public policies for the integrat

Future projections indicate an expansion for both food and energy demands, which can increase pressure on land use, while there is an urgent global need for climate change mitigation. Bioenergy is foreseen as key option to meet future energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however its sustainability depends on locations and regional characteristics. Simultaneously, agricultural production models that co-produce food, feed, and energy offer sustainability synergies and co-benefits, but site-specific sustainability assessments of their large-scale implementation are missing. This study presents a bottom-up approach to assess spatially explicit sustainability aspects of bioenergy-livestock integrated systems (BLI) in Brazil and shed light on their contribution to future energy demands, to climate change mitigation targets, and their impacts on selected ecosystem services, including bioenergy production, climate change mitigation, reduction of food competition, biodiversity conservation, and avoided deforestation. The proposed integration considers livestock intensification and use of biofuels by-products as animal feed supplement, taking advantage of synergies between these two value chains. The expansion of the BLI system in the Center-South region of Brazil produce up to 89 billion liters of ethanol, enough to meet future domestic ethanol demands from multiple shared socioeconomic pathways and generating surpluses for export. This production takes place on 16 million hectares of pastureland within the Sugarcane Agroecological Zoning, excluding the Amazon and Pantanal biomes, and biodiversity hotspots. BLI expansion mitigate up to 250 million tonnes of CO2eq and generate 15 billion dollars of profits. The best locations to maximize the selected ecosystem services are west of São Paulo, east of Mato Grosso do Sul, and the south-central region of the states of Goiás. This study may encourage the formulation of enhanced public policies for the integrat

Os abatedouros de bovinos geram grande quantidade de efluentes com alta concentração de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Entretanto, a escolha de tecnologias adequadas pode produzir efluentes com qualidade suficiente para a prática do reúso como estratégia de economia de água. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficiência de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes de frigoríficos bovinos para promover o reaproveitamento de efluentes, especificamente para a fertirrigação. A análise multicritério foi empregada, adotando-se o método ELECTRE I. Foram consideradas as alternativas de tratamento de efluentes, a definição do grau de importância e os pesos de cada critério estabelecido. O volume estimado de efluentes gerados em frigoríficos no Brasil foi de 85,374 milhões de m³/ano, com alta concentração de demanda bioquímica/ química de oxigênio, nutrientes, óleos e graxas, sólidos e E. coli. As tecnologias de tratamento que apresentaram melhor desempenho foram reator upflow anaerobic sludge blanket — UASB + ultrafiltração e lodo ativado + ultrafiltração, produzindo efluentes com qualidade compatível para reúso agrícola pela legislação brasileira., Cattle slaughterhouses generate a large amount of effluent with a high concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. However, the choice of appropriate technologies can produce effluents with sufficient quality for the practice of reuse as a strategy for saving water. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of effluent treatment systems from cattle slaughterhouses to promote the reuse of effluents, specifically for fertigation. The multicriteria analysis was employed, adopting the ELECTRE I method. The effluent treatment alternatives, the definition of the degree of importance, and the weights of each established criterion were considered. The estimated volume of effluents generated in slaughterhouses in Brazil was 85.374 million m³/year, with a high concentration of biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, oils, and greases, solids, and E. coli. The treatment technologies that showed the best performance were UASB reactor + ultrafiltration and activated sludge + ultrafiltration, producing effluents with compatible quality for agricultural reuse under Brazilian legislation.

Electronic tax documents represent an important advance in the process of digital transformation of tax administrations in Brazil. However, the current system still presents several challenges to be overcome. In the technological aspect, vulnerabilities and inconsistencies typical of a centralized model can be mentioned. In addition, from a functional perspective, the lack of control over taxes payments is a major concern. In this context, Blockchain technology emerges as a possibility to complement the current model, thanks to its characteristics, such as traceability, immutability, security and transparency, which are essential in the tax environment. This work proposes four application models based on Blockchain aimed at monitoring the payment of taxes, using different types of integration with existing systems. After the presentation and description of the models, they are discussed and compared, in order to reinforce their main characteristics, facilitating decision making in possible future applications.

[Abstract] Amazon Alexa processes voice commands as input to help users perform tasks. For protecting this commands, Amazon Alexa implements some security measures. These security measures, such as voice recognition and user’s PIN, do not have the ability to mitigate replay attacks. In order to mitigate replay attacks, in this paper, we propose an authentication method based on Geofencing, consisting of (1) an Android application and (2) an Alexa Skill. By using the Android application, the user is able to configure a geofence near the Amazon Echo smart speaker. The developed Alexa Skill only accepts requests when the user is within the established geofence. This method mitigates replay attacks: an attacker could only try to use a replay attack when the legitimate user is close to the speaker, making it unfeasible

Os abatedouros de bovinos geram grande quantidade de efluentes com alta concentração de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Entretanto, a escolha de tecnologias adequadas pode produzir efluentes com qualidade suficiente para a prática do reúso como estratégia de economia de água. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficiência de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes de frigoríficos bovinos para promover o reaproveitamento de efluentes, especificamente para a fertirrigação. A análise multicritério foi empregada, adotando-se o método ELECTRE I. Foram consideradas as alternativas de tratamento de efluentes, a definição do grau de importância e os pesos de cada critério estabelecido. O volume estimado de efluentes gerados em frigoríficos no Brasil foi de 85,374 milhões de m³/ano, com alta concentração de demanda bioquímica/ química de oxigênio, nutrientes, óleos e graxas, sólidos e E. coli. As tecnologias de tratamento que apresentaram melhor desempenho foram reator upflow anaerobic sludge blanket — UASB + ultrafiltração e lodo ativado + ultrafiltração, produzindo efluentes com qualidade compatível para reúso agrícola pela legislação brasileira., Cattle slaughterhouses generate a large amount of effluent with a high concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. However, the choice of appropriate technologies can produce effluents with sufficient quality for the practice of reuse as a strategy for saving water. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of effluent treatment systems from cattle slaughterhouses to promote the reuse of effluents, specifically for fertigation. The multicriteria analysis was employed, adopting the ELECTRE I method. The effluent treatment alternatives, the definition of the degree of importance, and the weights of each established criterion were considered. The estimated volume of effluents generated in slaughterhouses in Brazil was 85.374 million m³/year, with a high concentration of biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, oils, and greases, solids, and E. coli. The treatment technologies that showed the best performance were UASB reactor + ultrafiltration and activated sludge + ultrafiltration, producing effluents with compatible quality for agricultural reuse under Brazilian legislation.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material among nurses. Method: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study, involving 102 cases of occupational accidents among nurses. Results: There was a predominance of females (77.4 %); 20 to 29 years of age (58.8 %); and brown skin color (53.9 %). Most of the workers had a work registration (64.7 %). In 68.2% of the cases, the circumstance of the accident was percutaneous exposure and, in 71.5%, by organic material - blood; the main agent was the lumen needle (66.6 %); 44.1 % were wearing gloves and 35.9 % were wearing masks at the time of the accident; (43.2 %) had the case evolution field filled in as ignored/white. Conclusion: Accidents are mostly the result of daily practice actions, such as punctures, although these professionals use protective equipment. Therefore, continuing education on safety at work, coupled with awareness about the relevance of notification is a challenge for the exercise of a safe practice., Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre enfermeiros. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e retrospectivo, envolvendo 102 casos de acidentes de trabalho com enfermeiros. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo feminino (77,4 %); faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (58,8 %); raça/cor da pele parda (53,9 %). A maioria dos trabalhadores tinham registro em carteira (64,7 %). Em 68,2 % dos casos, a circunstância do acidente se deu por exposição percutânea e, em 71,5 %, por material orgânico - sangue; o principal agente foi a agulha com lúmen (66,6 %); 44,1 % usavam luvas e 35,9 % faziam uso de máscara no momento do acidente; 43,2 % tiveram o campo evolução do caso preenchido como ignorado/branco. Conclusão: Os acidentes são resultantes, em sua maioria, de ações da prática diária, como punções, embora estes profissionais façam uso dos equipamentos de proteção. Logo, a educação permanente sobre a segurança no trabalho, aliada a conscientização acerca da relevância da notificação é um desafio para o exercício de uma práxis segura., Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de los accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico entre los enfermeros. Método: Estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y retrospectivo, que incluyó 102 casos de accidentes de trabajo en enfermeros. Resultados: Hubo predominio del sexo femenino (77,4 %); rango de edad de 20 a 29 años (58,8 %); raza/color de piel morena (53,9 %). La mayoría de los trabajadores tenían vinculo de trabajo formal (64,7 %). En el 68,2% de los casos, la circunstancia del accidente fue la exposición percutánea y, en el 71,5 %, por materia orgánica - sangre; el agente principal fue la aguja del lumen (66,6 %); el 44,1 % llevaba guantes y el 35,9 % mascarilla en el momento del accidente; el 43,2 % tenía el campo de evolución del caso rellenado como ignorado/en blanco. Conclusión: Los accidentes son en su mayoría el resultado de acciones de la práctica diaria, como los pinchazos, aunque estos profesionales hacen uso de equipos de protección. Por lo tanto, la educación permanente sobre la seguridad en el trabajo, combinada con la concientización sobre la relevancia de la notificación, es un desafío para el ejercicio de una práctica segura.

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) aumenta consideravelmente o risco cardiovascular e afeta a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, sendo um importante fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, doença renal crônica e morte prematura. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a prevalência de internações e taxa de mortalidade por HAS em Teresina (PI). Foram coletados dados secundários, de domínio público do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) referentes às internações hospitalares e óbitos por HAS registradas no DATASUS, entre janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2020. A coleta foi realizada em novembro de 2021.Foram registradas, no período em análise, um total de 5.448 internações, observando-se maior prevalência de internações de mulheres (52,44%). De 2017 a 2020 houve diminuição no número de óbitos. Quanto à taxa de mortalidade, Teresina apresentou o menor valor (1%), já o Estado do Piauí (1,6%) estando quase equiparado à taxa nacional de 1,7%, sendo a Região Nordeste com 2,6% apresentando o maior índice. Apesar da prevalência de internações ter sido maior entre as mulheres, o sexo masculino apresentou maior registro de óbitos por HAS. O presente estudo evidenciou que a HAS é uma importante causa de internação e um agravo de mortalidade para pessoas por ela acometida.

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) aumenta consideravelmente o risco cardiovascular e afeta a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, sendo um importante fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, doença renal crônica e morte prematura. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a prevalência de internações e taxa de mortalidade por HAS em Teresina (PI). Foram coletados dados secundários, de domínio público do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) referentes às internações hospitalares e óbitos por HAS registradas no DATASUS, entre janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2020. A coleta foi realizada em novembro de 2021.Foram registradas, no período em análise, um total de 5.448 internações, observando-se maior prevalência de internações de mulheres (52,44%). De 2017 a 2020 houve diminuição no número de óbitos. Quanto à taxa de mortalidade, Teresina apresentou o menor valor (1%), já o Estado do Piauí (1,6%) estando quase equiparado à taxa nacional de 1,7%, sendo a Região Nordeste com 2,6% apresentando o maior índice. Apesar da prevalência de internações ter sido maior entre as mulheres, o sexo masculino apresentou maior registro de óbitos por HAS. O presente estudo evidenciou que a HAS é uma importante causa de internação e um agravo de mortalidade para pessoas por ela acometida.

A walk $u_0u_1 \ldots u_{k-1}u_k$ of a graph $G$ is a \textit{weakly toll walk} if $u_0u_k \not\in E(G)$, $u_0u_i \in E(G)$ implies $u_i = u_1$, and $u_ju_k\in E(G)$ implies $u_j=u_{k-1}$. The {\em weakly toll interval} of a set $S \subseteq V(G)$, denoted by $I(S)$, is formed by $S$ and the vertices belonging to some weakly toll walk between two vertices of $S$. Set $S$ is {\it weakly toll convex} if $I(S) = S$. The {\em weakly toll convex hull} of $S$, denote by $H(S)$, is the minimum weakly toll convex set containing $S$. The {\em weakly toll interval number} of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S \subseteq V(G)$ such that $I(S) = V(G)$; and the {\em weakly toll hull number} of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S \subseteq V(G)$ such that $H(S) = V(G)$. In this work, we show how to compute the weakly toll interval and the weakly toll hull numbers of a graph in polynomial time. In contrast, we show that determining the weakly toll convexity number of a graph $G$ (the size of a maximum weakly toll convex set distinct from $V(G)$) is \NP-hard.

In modernity, the insecurities of life in the metropolis trigger strategies of self-segregation in gated community. Thus, the general objective of this research is to investigate the spatial practices of residents of gated communities in the metropolitan area of Brasília. The specific objectives are to identify the factors that lead to the consumption of housing units in these spaces and to analyze the spatial practices of these residents. Through bibliographic research and application of questionnaires, it was observed that controlling access to collective housing space is the main factor for the consumption of these autonomous units, the metropolis is experienced as a unique region and the feeling of security provided by living in a gated community contrasts with road insecurity., Na modernidade, as inseguranças da vida na metrópole desencadeiam estratégias de autossegregação em espaços residenciais fechados. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar as práticas espaciais dos moradores de espaços residenciais fechados da área metropolitana de Brasília. Os objetivos específicos são identificar os fatores que levam ao consumo de unidades habitacionais nestes espaços e analisar as práticas espaciais de trânsito destes moradores. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários, observou-se que controlar o acesso ao espaço habitacional coletivo é o principal fator para o consumo destas unidades autônomas, a metrópole é vivida como uma região única e a sensação de segurança proporcionada por viver em espaço residencial fechado contrasta com a insegurança viária., En la modernidad, las inseguridades de la vida en la metrópolis desencadenan estrategias de autosegregación en barrios cerrados. El objetivo general de esta investigación es investigar las prácticas espaciales de los residentes de barrios cerrados en el área metropolitana de Brasilia. Los objetivos específicos son identificar los factores que conducen al consumo de viviendas en estos espacios y analizar las prácticas espaciales de residentes. A través de investigación bibliográfica y aplicación de cuestionarios, observó que el control de acceso al espacio de vivienda colectiva es el factor principal para el consumo de estas unidades autónomas, la metrópolis se vive como una región única y la sensación de seguridad que brinda vivir en un barrio cerrado contrasta con la inseguridad vial.

In modernity, the insecurities of life in the metropolis trigger strategies of self-segregation in gated community. Thus, the general objective of this research is to investigate the spatial practices of residents of gated communities in the metropolitan area of Brasília. The specific objectives are to identify the factors that lead to the consumption of housing units in these spaces and to analyze the spatial practices of these residents. Through bibliographic research and application of questionnaires, it was observed that controlling access to collective housing space is the main factor for the consumption of these autonomous units, the metropolis is experienced as a unique region and the feeling of security provided by living in a gated community contrasts with road insecurity., Na modernidade, as inseguranças da vida na metrópole desencadeiam estratégias de autossegregação em espaços residenciais fechados. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar as práticas espaciais dos moradores de espaços residenciais fechados da área metropolitana de Brasília. Os objetivos específicos são identificar os fatores que levam ao consumo de unidades habitacionais nestes espaços e analisar as práticas espaciais de trânsito destes moradores. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários, observou-se que controlar o acesso ao espaço habitacional coletivo é o principal fator para o consumo destas unidades autônomas, a metrópole é vivida como uma região única e a sensação de segurança proporcionada por viver em espaço residencial fechado contrasta com a insegurança viária., En la modernidad, las inseguridades de la vida en la metrópolis desencadenan estrategias de autosegregación en barrios cerrados. El objetivo general de esta investigación es investigar las prácticas espaciales de los residentes de barrios cerrados en el área metropolitana de Brasilia. Los objetivos específicos son identificar los factores que conducen al consumo de viviendas en estos espacios y analizar las prácticas espaciales de residentes. A través de investigación bibliográfica y aplicación de cuestionarios, observó que el control de acceso al espacio de vivienda colectiva es el factor principal para el consumo de estas unidades autónomas, la metrópolis se vive como una región única y la sensación de seguridad que brinda vivir en un barrio cerrado contrasta con la inseguridad vial.

Ana Teresa Melo,1,2,* Eduardo Dourado,1,2,* Raquel Campanilho-Marques,1,2,* Matilde Bandeira,1,2 Sofia C Barreira,1,2 José Costa,3 Rita Pimenta,4 Sofia Antunes-Duarte,4 Inês Cordeiro,1,2 João E Fonseca1,2 1Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 2Rheumatology Investigation Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 3Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 4Dermatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ana Teresa Melo, Serviço de Reumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, EPE, R. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1700, Portugal, Tel +351 217805139, Email anateresamelo@campus.ul.ptBackground: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a rare heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by chronic skeletal muscle inflammation, but other organs are also frequently involved. IMM represent a diagnostic challenge and a multidisciplinary approach is important to ensure successful diagnosis and adequate follow-up of these patients.Objective: To describe the general functioning of our multidisciplinary myositis clinic, highlighting the benefits of multidisciplinary team management in patients with confirmed or suspected IIM and to characterise our clinical experience.Methods: Description of the organization of a dedicated multidisciplinary myositis outpatient clinic, supported by IMM specific electronic assessment tools and protocols based on our Portuguese Register - Reuma.pt. In addi

In this corrigendum, we give a counterexample to Theorem 5.2 in "On the monophonic rank of a graph" [Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 24:2 (2022) #3]. We also present a polynomial-time algorithm for computing the monophonic rank of a starlike graph., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

In this paper, we study two graph convexity parameters: iteration time and general position number. The iteration time was defined in 1981 in the geodesic convexity, but its computational complexity was so far open. The general position number was defined in the geodesic convexity and proved NP-hard in 2018. We extend these parameters to any graph convexity and prove that the iteration number is NP-hard in the P3 convexity. We use this result to prove that the iteration time is also NP-hard in the geodesic convexity even in graphs with diameter two, a long standing open question. These results are also important since they are the last two missing NP-hardness results regarding the ten most studied graph convexity parameters in the geodesic and P3 convexities. We also prove that the general position number of the monophonic convexity is W[1]-hard (parameterized by the size of the solution) and $n^{1-\varepsilon}$-inapproximable in polynomial time for any $\varepsilon>0$ unless P=NP, even in graphs with diameter two. Finally, we also obtain FPT results on the general position number in the P3 convexity and we prove that it is W[1]-hard (parameterized by the size of the solution).

We propose reflections in the field of psycology, with post-structuralist epistemological tools and interdisciplinary methodological tools from the Global South, working with a proposal of undisciplined methodologies designed by Jota Mombaça (2016), which allow us to carry out compositions with subaltern epistemologies, as Sofia Favero also proposes, in his dirty psychology. We will work accompanying the rhyme battles in the squares of Dourados, in Mato Grosso do Sul, during the night period, with a political intention to be able to affirm other modes of subjectivization and, for that, we will accompany an undisciplined city, questioned by the youth into that investigates the dirt, which will speak of the non-subjugation bodies disciplined by the violence committed by the different normalization practices. It is also about questioning the occupation of a city in which there is inequality in access to a space of culture, art, and sport, where the peripheral neighborhoods are helpless compared to the more central neighborhoods. We thus propose a reflection on social inequality in Brazilian youth, by working on a composition of analysis on/the other side of the road, by problematizing with a research experience with youth about places and no allowed places for the peripheral population of the city., Produziremos reflexões no campo da psicologia com ferramentas epistemológicas pós-estruturalistas e metodológicas interdisciplinares do Sul Global, trabalhando com uma proposta de metodologias indisciplinadas pensadas por Jota Mombaça (2016), que nos permitem fazer composições com epistemologias subalternizadas, como também propõe Sofia Favero em sua psicologia suja. Acompanhamos as batalhas de rima nas praças da cidade de Dourados, em Mato Grosso do Sul, no período noturno, com uma intencionalidade política para poder afirmar outros modos de subjetivação. Para isso, acompanharemos uma cidade indisciplinada, interrogada pela juventude naquilo que a interroga na sujeira, que vem falar do não assujeitamento de corpos disciplinados pela violência cometida pelas diferentes práticas de normalização. Também se intenciona interrogar sobre a ocupação de uma cidade em que há desigualdade no acesso a lugar de cultura, arte e esporte, na qual os bairros periféricos ficam desassistidos em comparação aos bairros mais ao centro, mobilizando uma reflexão sobre desigualdade social na juventude brasileira, ao trabalharmos uma composição de análise com o/do outro lado da rodovia, ao problematizar junto de uma pesquisa-experiência com a juventude sobre lugares e não lugares permitidos ou precarizados para a população periférica da cidade., Plantearemos reflexiones en el campo de la psicología con herramientas epistemológicas pos-estructuralistas y metodológicas interdisciplinarias del Sur Global, trabajando con una propuesta de metodologías indisciplinadas pensadas por Jota Mombaça (2016), que nos permiten efectuar composiciones con epistemologías subalternadas, como también propone Sofia Favero en su psicología sucia. Acompañamos las batallas de rimas en las plazas de la ciudad de Dourados, en Mato Grosso do Sul, durante el periodo nocturno, con una intención política para poder afirmar otros modos de subjetivización y, para ello, acompañaremos una ciudad indisciplinada, interrogada por la juventud en aquello que la interroga en la suciedad, que va a hablar de la no sujeción de cuerpos disciplinados por la violencia cometida por las diferentes prácticas de normalización. También se trata de interrogar sobre la ocupación de una ciudad en la que hay una desigualdad en el acceso a un lugar de cultura, de arte y de deporte, en la cual los barrios periféricos quedan desamparados en comparación a los barrios más céntricos, planteando una reflexión sobre la desigualdad social en la juventud brasileña, al trabajar una composición de análisis con el/del otro lado de la carretera, al problematizar en una investigación-experiencia frente a la juventud sobre lugares y no-lugares permitidos o precarios para la población periférica de la ciudad.

In the present study, six species of puffballs are recorded. Calvatia baixaverdensis and Calvatia brasiliensis are second records for science. Langermannia bicolor var. cirrifera is new record for Northeastern Brazil in the Caatinga biome. Arachnion album is a second record for the Northeastern region. Disciseda bovista and Disciseda verrucosa are the second records for the Caatinga biome. Descriptions of the taxa are provided from morphological data and illustrations.

Babassu carbohydrate fibers (BCF) are abundant and renewable materials that are currently underutilized. The present work evaluates the use of alkaline-treated BCF (TF − 0.6, 1.0, 1.4% w/w) as additive to cementitious mortars. Mass consistency, specific mass, water absorption, void ratio, and porosity, as well as compressive and indirect tension fracture strengths, were evaluated and compared to control mortars (without fiber addition). The results confirmed that the treated BCF can be an effective alternative as a potential reinforcement in cementitious composites. Furthermore, they are prepared by an alkaline treatment that is easy to operate, cost-effective, and efficient. The addition of BCF to the cement matrix decreased the water absorption capacity and void ratio, whereas increased compressive and tensile strength compared to mortars prepared in the absence of BCF. In particular, the addition of 1.0% of TF increased the compressive strength by up to 77%. Good interfacial adhesion of the alkaline-treated BCF with the rest of mortar components resulted in an increase in the values of mechanical properties. The studied fibers are potential materials for new sustainable mortars with improved properties.

Este traballo é unha aproximación histórica que relaciona as acusacións por bruxería e feiticería coa cuestión racial. Deste xeito, aproximándonos ao africanismo e o indixenismo americano e relacionándoos coa concepción de bruxería europea provinte da Idade Media, establecemos os factores raciais, culturais, étnicos e sociais que puideron axudar a que este problema afectase significativamente a persoas racializadas, especialmente mulleres negras e indíxenas, dende unha perspectiva de xénero e interseccional. Neste caso, a presenza dunha cultura africana aínda moi viva con idolatrías a espíritos, sacrificios con carneiros ou mesmo a propia presión por parte da comunidade negra, son algúns dos motivos que a relacionan co mundo da bruxería e da feiticería. Do mesmo modo, a relación dos indíxenas americanos coas curacións con herbas e o emprego das mesmas para a adiviñación fixeron que tamén estes se relacionasen con este tipo de denuncias., Este trabajo es una aproximación histórica que relaciona las acusaciones por brujería y hechicería con la cuestión racial. De esta manera, aproximándonos al africanismo y al indigenismo americano y relacionándolos con la concepción de brujería europea proveniente de la Edad Media, establecemos los factores raciales, culturales, étnicos y sociales que pudieron ayudar a que este problema afectase significativamente a personas racializadas, especialmente mujeres negras e indígenas, desde una perspectiva de género e interseccional. En este caso, la presencia de una cultura africana aún muy viva con idolatrías a espíritus, sacrificios con machos cabríos o mismo la propia presión por parte de la comunidad negra, son algunos de los motivos que la relacionan con el mundo de la brujería y la hechicería. Del mismo modo, la relación de los indígenas americanos con las curaciones con hierbas y el empleo de estas para la adivinación, hicieron que también estos se relacionasen con este tipo de denuncias., This work is an historic approximation that relates the accusations of witchcraft and sorcery with the racial question. In this way, approaching Africanism and American Indianism, and relating them to the conception of European witchcraft from the Middle Ages, we establish the racial, cultural, ethnic and social factors that could have helped this problem significantly affect racialized people, especially black and indigenous women, from a gender and intersectional perspective. In this case, the presence of an African culture still very much alive with idolatries to spirits, sacrifices with goats or even the pressure itself from the black community, are some of the reasons that relate it to the world of witchcraft and sorcery. In the same way, the relationship of the American Indians with herbal cures and their use for divination, made them also relate to this type of complaint.

The area of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence (Neurosymbolic AI) is rapidly developing and has become a popular research topic, encompassing sub-fields such as Neurosymbolic Deep Learning (Neurosymbolic DL) and Neurosymbolic Reinforcement Learning (Neurosymbolic RL). Compared to traditional learning methods, Neurosymbolic AI offers significant advantages by simplifying complexity and providing transparency and explainability. Reinforcement Learning(RL), a long-standing Artificial Intelligence(AI) concept that mimics human behavior using rewards and punishment, is a fundamental component of Neurosymbolic RL, a recent integration of the two fields that has yielded promising results. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the emerging field of Neurosymbolic RL by conducting a literature survey. Our evaluation focuses on the three components that constitute Neurosymbolic RL: neural, symbolic, and RL. We categorize works based on the role played by the neural and symbolic parts in RL, into three taxonomies:Learning for Reasoning, Reasoning for Learning and Learning-Reasoning. These categories are further divided into sub-categories based on their applications. Furthermore, we analyze the RL components of each research work, including the state space, action space, policy module, and RL algorithm. Additionally, we identify research opportunities and challenges in various applications within this dynamic field., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

Much recent progress has been made to understand the impact of proteome allocation on bacterial growth; much less is known about the relationship between the abundances of the enzymes and their substrates, which jointly determine metabolic fluxes. Here, we report a correlation between the concentrations of enzymes and their substrates in Escherichia coli. We suggest this relationship to be a consequence of optimal resource allocation, subject to an overall constraint on the biomass density: For a cellular reaction network composed of effectively irreversible reactions, maximal reaction flux is achieved when the dry mass allocated to each substrate is equal to the dry mass of the unsaturated (or "free") enzymes waiting to consume it. Calculations based on this optimality principle successfully predict the quantitative relationship between the observed enzyme and metabolite abundances, parameterized only by molecular masses and enzyme-substrate dissociation constants (Km). The corresponding organizing principle provides a fundamental rationale for cellular investment into different types of molecules, which may aid in the design of more efficient synthetic cellular systems.

Much recent progress has been made to understand the impact of proteome allocation on bacterial growth; much less is known about the relationship between the abundances of the enzymes and their substrates, which jointly determine metabolic fluxes. Here, we report a correlation between the concentrations of enzymes and their substrates in Escherichia coli. We suggest this relationship to be a consequence of optimal resource allocation, subject to an overall constraint on the biomass density: For a cellular reaction network composed of effectively irreversible reactions, maximal reaction flux is achieved when the dry mass allocated to each substrate is equal to the dry mass of the unsaturated (or "free") enzymes waiting to consume it. Calculations based on this optimality principle successfully predict the quantitative relationship between the observed enzyme and metabolite abundances, parameterized only by molecular masses and enzyme-substrate dissociation constants (Km). The corresponding organizing principle provides a fundamental rationale for cellular investment into different types of molecules, which may aid in the design of more efficient synthetic cellular systems.

1. Studying species interactions in nature often requires elaborated logistics and intense fieldwork. The difficulties in such task might hinder our ability to answer questions on how biotic interactions change with the environment. Fortunately, a workaround to this problem lies within scientific collections. 2. For some animals, the inspection of preserved specimens can reveal the scars of past antagonistic encounters, such as predation attempts. A common defensive behaviour that leaves scars on animals is autotomy, the loss of a body appendage to escape predation. By knowing the collection site of preserved specimens, it is possible to assess the influence of organismal biology and the surrounding environment in the occurrence of autotomy. 3. We gathered data on tail loss for 8189 preserved specimens of 33 snake and 11 amphisbaenian species to investigate biological and environmental correlates of autotomy in reptiles. We applied generalized linear mixed effect models to evaluate whether body size, sex, life-stage, habitat use, activity pattern, biome, tropicality, temperature and precipitation affect the probability of tail loss in limbless reptiles. 4. We observed autotomy in 23.6% of examined specimens, with 18.7% of amphisbaenian and 33.4% of snake specimens showing tail loss. The probability of tail loss did not differ between snakes and amphisbaenians, but it was higher among large-sized specimens, particularly in adults and females. Chance of tail loss was higher for diurnal and arboreal species, and among specimens collected in warmer regions, but it was unaffected by biome, precipitation, and tropicality. 5. Autotomy in limbless reptiles was affected by size-dependent factors that interplay with ontogeny and sexual dimorphism, although size-independent effects of life-stage and sex also shaped behavioural responses to predators. The increase in probability of tail loss with verticality and diurnality suggests a risk-balance mechanism between species habit

1. Studying species interactions in nature often requires elaborated logistics and intense fieldwork. The difficulties in such task might hinder our ability to answer questions on how biotic interactions change with the environment. Fortunately, a workaround to this problem lies within scientific collections. 2. For some animals, the inspection of preserved specimens can reveal the scars of past antagonistic encounters, such as predation attempts. A common defensive behaviour that leaves scars on animals is autotomy, the loss of a body appendage to escape predation. By knowing the collection site of preserved specimens, it is possible to assess the influence of organismal biology and the surrounding environment in the occurrence of autotomy. 3. We gathered data on tail loss for 8189 preserved specimens of 33 snake and 11 amphisbaenian species to investigate biological and environmental correlates of autotomy in reptiles. We applied generalized linear mixed effect models to evaluate whether body size, sex, life-stage, habitat use, activity pattern, biome, tropicality, temperature and precipitation affect the probability of tail loss in limbless reptiles. 4. We observed autotomy in 23.6% of examined specimens, with 18.7% of amphisbaenian and 33.4% of snake specimens showing tail loss. The probability of tail loss did not differ between snakes and amphisbaenians, but it was higher among large-sized specimens, particularly in adults and females. Chance of tail loss was higher for diurnal and arboreal species, and among specimens collected in warmer regions, but it was unaffected by biome, precipitation, and tropicality. 5. Autotomy in limbless reptiles was affected by size-dependent factors that interplay with ontogeny and sexual dimorphism, although size-independent effects of life-stage and sex also shaped behavioural responses to predators. The increase in probability of tail loss with verticality and diurnality suggests a risk-balance mechanism between species habit

O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos principais vetores do desmatamento na Mesorregião Sudeste do Pará, utilizando um painel estático de dados entre os anos de 2000 e 2018, estimado pelo Agrupado de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários, considerando não apenas a autocorrelação dos resíduos, mas também a heterocedasticidade na estimação dos parâmetros. Os resultados indicam uma correlação positiva entre a expansão do desmatamento e seus principais vetores principais, a saber: pecuária e lavouras temporárias e permanentes

O trato gastrintestinal humano é povoado por uma grande quantidade de microrganismos. Essa microbiota intestinal (MI) tem uma relação de mutualismo com o organismo humano e desempenha papel fundamental na regulação de funções metabólicas, endócrinas e imunológicas. A disbiose intestinal está associada a fenótipos de várias doenças crônicas e inflamatórias. Essa associação é explicada pelas funções da MI e a existente comunicação bidirecional do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro.  Nos últimos anos, estudos têm mostrado novas evidências entre a MI e as doenças neurodegenerativas, incluindo a esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa discorre de forma didática sobre a MI, suas funções, sua relação com o sistema neuro-imuno-endócrino e sua associação com as doenças neurodegenerativas, com ênfase na ELA., The human gastrointestinal tract contains numerous microorganisms. This intestinal microbiota (IM) has a mutualistic relationship with the human organism, and it plays a fundamental role in regulating metabolic, endocrine, and immunological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with phenotypes of many chronic and inflammatory diseases. This association is explained by the functions of the IM and the existing bi-directional communication of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. Studies have uncovered new evidence between the IM and neurodegenerative diseases recently, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given this, the present narrative review discusses didactically about IM, its functions, its relationship with the neuroimmune-endocrine system, and its association with neurodegenerative diseases, with emphasis on ALS.

O trato gastrintestinal humano é povoado por uma grande quantidade de microrganismos. Essa microbiota intestinal (MI) tem uma relação de mutualismo com o organismo humano e desempenha papel fundamental na regulação de funções metabólicas, endócrinas e imunológicas. A disbiose intestinal está associada a fenótipos de várias doenças crônicas e inflamatórias. Essa associação é explicada pelas funções da MI e a existente comunicação bidirecional do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro.  Nos últimos anos, estudos têm mostrado novas evidências entre a MI e as doenças neurodegenerativas, incluindo a esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa discorre de forma didática sobre a MI, suas funções, sua relação com o sistema neuro-imuno-endócrino e sua associação com as doenças neurodegenerativas, com ênfase na ELA., The human gastrointestinal tract contains numerous microorganisms. This intestinal microbiota (IM) has a mutualistic relationship with the human organism, and it plays a fundamental role in regulating metabolic, endocrine, and immunological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with phenotypes of many chronic and inflammatory diseases. This association is explained by the functions of the IM and the existing bi-directional communication of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. Studies have uncovered new evidence between the IM and neurodegenerative diseases recently, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given this, the present narrative review discusses didactically about IM, its functions, its relationship with the neuroimmune-endocrine system, and its association with neurodegenerative diseases, with emphasis on ALS.

O trato gastrintestinal humano é povoado por uma grande quantidade de microrganismos. Essa microbiota intestinal (MI) tem uma relação de mutualismo com o organismo humano e desempenha papel fundamental na regulação de funções metabólicas, endócrinas e imunológicas. A disbiose intestinal está associada a fenótipos de várias doenças crônicas e inflamatórias. Essa associação é explicada pelas funções da MI e a existente comunicação bidirecional do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro.  Nos últimos anos, estudos têm mostrado novas evidências entre a MI e as doenças neurodegenerativas, incluindo a esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa discorre de forma didática sobre a MI, suas funções, sua relação com o sistema neuro-imuno-endócrino e sua associação com as doenças neurodegenerativas, com ênfase na ELA., The human gastrointestinal tract contains numerous microorganisms. This intestinal microbiota (IM) has a mutualistic relationship with the human organism, and it plays a fundamental role in regulating metabolic, endocrine, and immunological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with phenotypes of many chronic and inflammatory diseases. This association is explained by the functions of the IM and the existing bi-directional communication of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. Studies have uncovered new evidence between the IM and neurodegenerative diseases recently, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given this, the present narrative review discusses didactically about IM, its functions, its relationship with the neuroimmune-endocrine system, and its association with neurodegenerative diseases, with emphasis on ALS.

BackgroundDespite the great progress made over the last decades, stronger structural interventions are needed to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Brazil is one of the largest and data-richest LMIC, with rapidly changing socioeconomic characteristics and an important HIV/AIDS burden. Over the last two decades Brazil has also implemented the world's largest Conditional Cash Transfer programs, the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP), and one of the most consolidated Primary Health Care (PHC) interventions, the Family Health Strategy (FHS).ObjectiveWe will evaluate the effects of socioeconomic determinants, BFP exposure and FHS coverage on HIV/AIDS incidence, treatment adherence, hospitalizations, case fatality, and mortality using unprecedently large aggregate and individual-level longitudinal data. Moreover, we will integrate the retrospective datasets and estimated parameters with comprehensive forecasting models to project HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence and mortality scenarios up to 2030 according to future socioeconomic conditions and alternative policy implementations.Methods and analysisWe will combine individual-level data from all national HIV/AIDS registries with large-scale databases, including the "100 Million Brazilian Cohort", over a 19-year period (2000-2018). Several approaches will be used for the retrospective quasi-experimental impact evaluations, such as Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), Random Administrative Delays (RAD) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), combined with multivariable Poisson regressions for cohort analyses. Moreover, we will explore in depth lagged and long-term effects of changes in living conditions and in exposures to BFP and FHS. We will also investigate the effects of the interventions in a wide range of subpopulations. Finally, we will integrate such retrospective analyses with microsimulation, compartmental and agent-based models to forecast future HIV/AIDS scenarios.ConclusionThe unprecedent

This article aimed to analyze how the action research has been applied in the field of Administration in Brazil. A bibliographical research was carried out from the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL). For the research corpus, 22 articles were selected, analyzed from four predefined categories: intervention, intervention with participation, beneficiaries, and sociopolitical or technical aspects. The findings indicate that most of the analyzed articles use action research in a limited way, reducing it to a technique for solving management issues and deviating its transformative potentiality. Here, we highlight the importance of an action research that considers the context of those involved, so that ready-made solutions are not applied to the problems of the studied collectivity., Este artigo objetivou analisar como tem sido aplicada a pesquisa-ação no campo da Administração no Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir do Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library (SPELL). Para o corpus de pesquisa foram selecionados 22 artigos, analisados a partir de quatro categorias pré-definidas: intervenção, intervenção com participação, beneficiários e aspectos sociopolíticos ou técnicos. Os achados apontam que a maioria dos artigos analisados utiliza a pesquisa-ação de forma limitada, reduzindo-a a uma técnica para a resolução de problemas gerenciais e desviando sua potencialidade transformadora. Destaca-se, aqui, a importância de uma pesquisa-ação que considere o contexto dos envolvidos, a fim de que não se aplique soluções prontas aos problemas da coletividade estudada., Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo tiene sido aplicada la investigación-acción en el campo de la Administración en Brasil. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica, a partir del Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library (SPELL). Para el corpus de investigación fueron seleccionados 22 artículos, analizado desde cuatro categorías predefinidas: intervención, intervención con participación, beneficiarios y aspectos sociopolíticos o técnicos. Los hallazgos indican que la mayoría de los artículos utilizan la investigación-acción de manera limitada, reduciéndola a una técnica para resolver problemas de gestión y desviando su potencialidad transformadora. Aquí se destaca la importancia de una investigación-acción que considere el contexto de los involucrados, de modo que no se apliquen soluciones prefabricadas a los problemas de la colectividad estudiada.