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Experiments were conducted for the determination of economic threshold of Tobacco Mosaic and Leaf Curl viruses of tobacco. Infection of tobacco plants occurred naturally in the field. Mean values of yield were obtained after curing of tobacco leaves which varied significantly with incidence of disease. Yield loss assessment of tobacco caused by Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus was considered first. Grade index values of tobacco that influence market value and support price of flue-cured tobacco were also considered. Economic threshold values were determined from economic analysis and regression analysis and those were found to be at 4.5% and 4% disease incidence in NC 95 and K326 for Tobacco mosaic Virus and 4% and 4.5% for Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus respectively.

Experiments were conducted for the determination of economic threshold of Tobacco Mosaic and Leaf Curl viruses of tobacco. Infection of tobacco plants occurred naturally in the field. Mean values of yield were obtained after curing of tobacco leaves which varied significantly with incidence of disease. Yield loss assessment of tobacco caused by Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus was considered first. Grade index values of tobacco that influence market value and support price of flue-cured tobacco were also considered. Economic threshold values were determined from economic analysis and regression analysis and those were found to be at 4.5% and 4% disease incidence in NC 95 and K326 for Tobacco mosaic Virus and 4% and 4.5% for Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus respectively.

Experiments were conducted for the determination of economic threshold of Tobacco Mosaic and Leaf Curl viruses of tobacco. Infection of tobacco plants occurred naturally in the field. Mean values of yield were obtained after curing of tobacco leaves which varied significantly with incidence of disease. Yield loss assessment of tobacco caused by Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus was considered first. Grade index values of tobacco that influence market value and support price of flue-cured tobacco were also considered. Economic threshold values were determined from economic analysis and regression analysis and those were found to be at 4.5% and 4% disease incidence in NC 95 and K326 for Tobacco mosaic Virus and 4% and 4.5% for Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus respectively.

Inhaled propylene oxide (PO) induced tumors and cell proliferation at high concentrations (≥300 ppm) in rat respiratory nasal epithelium (RNE). The metabolic elimination of PO in the RNE occurs by the conjugation with Glutathione (GSH) which results the depletion of GSH. In order to substantiate the hypothesis that the increased cell proliferation is caused by GSH depletion, GSH status and cell proliferation were examined in the RNE of rats after inhalation exposure of PO, after co-treatment with the GSH precursor N-Acetylcystein and after systemic administration of the GSH-depleting agents diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine. It appeared that the cell proliferation was increased in the RNE only if GSH was completely depleted. In conclusion, profound perturbation of the GSH status may represent a crucial step in PO induced rat nasal tumorigenicity., Inhaliertes Propylenoxid (PO) wirkte in hohen Konzentrationen (≥300 ppm) im respiratorischen Nasenepithel (RNE) der Ratte tumorigen. Als ein ursächlicher Faktor gilt die ebenfalls erhöhte Zellproliferation. Die metabolische Elimination von PO im RNE erfolgt u.a. über Konjugation mit Glutathion (GSH), wodurch es zur Depletion von GSH kommen kann. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothese, dass die erhöhte Zellproliferation durch GSH Depletion verursacht wird, wurden GSH-Status und Zellproliferation im RNE von Ratten nach inhalativer Exposition gegen PO, nach gleichzeitiger Gabe der GSH Vorstufe N-Acetylcystein und nach systemischer Verabreichung der GSH-Depletoren Diethylmaleat und Buthioninsulfoximin untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die Zellproliferation im RNE nur dann erhöht war, wenn GSH vollständig depletiert war. Hieraus folgt, dass der GSH Status von größter Bedeutung für die Tumorigenität von PO im RNE der Ratte ist.

Inhaled propylene oxide (PO) induced tumors and cell proliferation at high concentrations (≥300 ppm) in rat respiratory nasal epithelium (RNE). The metabolic elimination of PO in the RNE occurs by the conjugation with Glutathione (GSH) which results the depletion of GSH. In order to substantiate the hypothesis that the increased cell proliferation is caused by GSH depletion, GSH status and cell proliferation were examined in the RNE of rats after inhalation exposure of PO, after co-treatment with the GSH precursor N-Acetylcystein and after systemic administration of the GSH-depleting agents diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine. It appeared that the cell proliferation was increased in the RNE only if GSH was completely depleted. In conclusion, profound perturbation of the GSH status may represent a crucial step in PO induced rat nasal tumorigenicity., Inhaliertes Propylenoxid (PO) wirkte in hohen Konzentrationen (≥300 ppm) im respiratorischen Nasenepithel (RNE) der Ratte tumorigen. Als ein ursächlicher Faktor gilt die ebenfalls erhöhte Zellproliferation. Die metabolische Elimination von PO im RNE erfolgt u.a. über Konjugation mit Glutathion (GSH), wodurch es zur Depletion von GSH kommen kann. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothese, dass die erhöhte Zellproliferation durch GSH Depletion verursacht wird, wurden GSH-Status und Zellproliferation im RNE von Ratten nach inhalativer Exposition gegen PO, nach gleichzeitiger Gabe der GSH Vorstufe N-Acetylcystein und nach systemischer Verabreichung der GSH-Depletoren Diethylmaleat und Buthioninsulfoximin untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die Zellproliferation im RNE nur dann erhöht war, wenn GSH vollständig depletiert war. Hieraus folgt, dass der GSH Status von größter Bedeutung für die Tumorigenität von PO im RNE der Ratte ist.

Hypervalent organoiodine (III) compounds prepared newly in this dissertation are classified into three types: (diacetoxyiodo)arenes, [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes, diaryliodonium salts. Eight novel preparative methods of reactive hypervalent iodine compounds have been presentated by using different conditions. The results described in this thesis are important not only in synthetic organic chemistry but also in hypervalent iodine chemistry. The results obtained in this study are summarrized as follows:1. A novel (or considerably improved) preparative procedure has been developed, which is easy, quick, cheap and possibly environmentally benign. The new method gave (diacetoxyiodo)arenes in high yields by the reaction of iodoarenes with K2S2O8 in AcOH in the presence of concd H2SO4 or CF3SO3H at room temperature within short time. This procedure avoided the use of high temperature and the severe reaction conditions. 2. The reaction of the iodoarenes with sodium perborate in acetic acid in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic acid) at 40-45 oC, efficiently generated the corresponding (diacetoxyiodo)arenes in high yields within short time. Addition of triflic acid as a promoter causes a drastic increase in the yield of (diacetoxyiodo)arenes in the reaction of iodoarenes with sodium perborate.3. An operationally simple, and efficient considerably improved preparative procedure of poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] (PSDIB) was reported, using poly(4-iodostyrene)/AcOH/ ClCH2CH2Cl/CF3SO3H/ NaBO3 system. The product can surve as an improved and recyclable oxidant for modern organic synthesis and particularly in combinatorial chemistry.4. The reaction of arenes with potassium peroxodisulfate, elemental iodine and acetic acid in the presence of concd sulfuric acid, efficiently afforded the corresponding (diacetoxyiodo)arenes in good yields. The presented (diacetoxyiodo)arenes can be safely scaled up.5. A new (or considerably improved) preparative procedure presente

The genus Hibiscus has more than 300 globally distributed species. This plant is well known for its bast fiber biogenesis, while its nutritional and medicinal values are largely ignored. Consequently, the nutritional properties of the Roselle variety, BJRI mesta-2, are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition of our selected Roselle tissues to support the nutritional requirements for humans in early summer in Bangladesh. Leaves were found to be a good source of calcium (2.7%), magnesium (1.6%), ash (7.34%), vitamin A (165.9%), and vitamin C (94.88%), whereas calyx was the potential source of potassium (1.9%), iron (422%), manganese (126%), and moisture (87.45%). Roselle seeds also have edible oil-producing capabilities, along with their nutritional properties. Our results indicate that BJRI mesta-2 can be an additional source of leafy vegetables, along with its herbal tea and edible oil contents.