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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex disorder characterized by the impairment of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. PD has duplicated its global burden in the last few years, becoming the leading neurological disability worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative approaches that target multifactorial underlying causes to potentially prevent or limit disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory responses may play a pivotal role in the neurodegenerative processes that occur during the development of PD. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide that has shown potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects in preclinical models of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. The goal of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of cortistatin in a well-established preclinical mouse model of PD induced by acute exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methil-4-phenyl1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We observed that treatment with cortistatin mitigated the MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their connections to the striatum. Consequently, cortistatin administration improved the locomotor activity of animals intoxicated with MPTP. In addition, cortistatin diminished the presence and activation of glial cells in the affected brain regions of MPTP-treated mice, reduced the production of immune mediators, and promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors in the striatum. In an in vitro model of PD, treatment with cortistatin also demonstrated a reduction in the cell death of dopaminergic neurons that were exposed to the neurotoxin. Taken together, these findings suggest that cortistatin could emerge as a promising new therapeutic agent that combines anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties to regulate the progression of PD at multiple levels.

Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.

Este articulo presenta la implementación de un Prototipo para un Simulador Virtual con Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y Realidad Virtual (RV) que sea útil para presentar casos y se pueda implementar en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Medios Alternos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC). El objetivo principal de esta técnica de prototipo de software es obtener un modelo funcional del sistema. Por lo tanto, permitirá al usuario tener una idea y enfoque de la aplicación. Además, de tener un mejor enfoque, se comprenderán y podrán refinar los requerimientos para disminuir los riesgos de estos. El modelo utilizado es Unified Modeling Language (UML), se eligió por ser un estándar en la industria de la Programación Orientada a Objetos, lo cual da mejores beneficios a nuestro proyecto. Cabe mencionar que al concluir el prototipo se ha encontrado que el proyecto es factible, novedoso y se puede experimentar con él y controlar los costos. En México, los MASC son un área del Derecho que encuentran su aplicabilidad en el área Penal, Civil, Familiar, Administrativa, Fiscal, Financiera, Deportiva, Escolar y Mercantil. La RV con el uso de la IA ha sido implementada con éxito para la enseñanza-aprendizaje en otras áreas como la Psicología, Ingeniería, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluso Forense)., This paper presents the implementation of a Prototype for a Virtual Simulator with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) that is useful to present cases and can be implemented in the teaching-learning of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The main objective of this software prototyping technique is to obtain a functional model of the system. Therefore, it will allow the user to have an idea and approach to the application. In addition, by having a better approach, the requirements will be understood and refined to reduce their risks. The model used is Unified Modeling Language (UML), it was chosen because it is a standard in the Object Oriented Programming industry, which gives better benefits to our project. It is worth mentioning that at the conclusion of our prototype it has been found that the project is feasible, innovative and can be experimented with it and costs can be controlled. In Mexico, ADR is an area of law that finds its applicability in the Criminal, Civil, Family, Administrative, Tax, Financial, Sports, School, or Commercial areas. VR with the use of AI has been successfully implemented for teaching-learning in other areas such as Psychology, Engineering, Robotics, Physics, Medicine (including Forensics), etc. where students can interact with real cases. Currently, the teacher in Law needs to improve and increase his knowledge to favor his educational practice using VR and its applicability in the educational process by means of Information and Communication Technologies or any other mechanical means., Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um Protótipo para um Simulador Virtual com Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Realidade Virtual (VR) que é útil para apresentar casos e pode ser implementado no ensino-aprendizagem da Resolução Alternativa de Disputas (ADR). O principal objetivo desta técnica de protótipo de software é a obtenção de um modelo funcional do sistema. Portanto, permitirá que o usuário tenha uma idéia e uma abordagem para a aplicação. Além disso, ao ter uma melhor abordagem, os requisitos serão compreendidos e refinados a fim de reduzir seus riscos. O modelo utilizado é a Unified Modeling Language (UML), foi escolhida por ser um padrão da indústria em Programação Orientada a Objetos, o que dá melhores benefícios ao nosso projeto. Vale mencionar que na conclusão do protótipo, o projeto foi considerado viável, inovador e pode ser experimentado e os custos podem ser controlados. No México, o ADR é uma área do direito que encontra sua aplicabilidade em direito penal, civil, familiar, administrativo, tributário, financeiro, esportivo, escolar e comercial. A RV com o uso da IA tem sido implementada com sucesso para o ensino-aprendizagem em outras áreas como Psicologia, Engenharia, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluindo a Medicina Legal).

Este articulo presenta la implementación de un Prototipo para un Simulador Virtual con Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y Realidad Virtual (RV) que sea útil para presentar casos y se pueda implementar en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Medios Alternos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC). El objetivo principal de esta técnica de prototipo de software es obtener un modelo funcional del sistema. Por lo tanto, permitirá al usuario tener una idea y enfoque de la aplicación. Además, de tener un mejor enfoque, se comprenderán y podrán refinar los requerimientos para disminuir los riesgos de estos. El modelo utilizado es Unified Modeling Language (UML), se eligió por ser un estándar en la industria de la Programación Orientada a Objetos, lo cual da mejores beneficios a nuestro proyecto. Cabe mencionar que al concluir el prototipo se ha encontrado que el proyecto es factible, novedoso y se puede experimentar con él y controlar los costos. En México, los MASC son un área del Derecho que encuentran su aplicabilidad en el área Penal, Civil, Familiar, Administrativa, Fiscal, Financiera, Deportiva, Escolar y Mercantil. La RV con el uso de la IA ha sido implementada con éxito para la enseñanza-aprendizaje en otras áreas como la Psicología, Ingeniería, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluso Forense)., This paper presents the implementation of a Prototype for a Virtual Simulator with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) that is useful to present cases and can be implemented in the teaching-learning of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The main objective of this software prototyping technique is to obtain a functional model of the system. Therefore, it will allow the user to have an idea and approach to the application. In addition, by having a better approach, the requirements will be understood and refined to reduce their risks. The model used is Unified Modeling Language (UML), it was chosen because it is a standard in the Object Oriented Programming industry, which gives better benefits to our project. It is worth mentioning that at the conclusion of our prototype it has been found that the project is feasible, innovative and can be experimented with it and costs can be controlled. In Mexico, ADR is an area of law that finds its applicability in the Criminal, Civil, Family, Administrative, Tax, Financial, Sports, School, or Commercial areas. VR with the use of AI has been successfully implemented for teaching-learning in other areas such as Psychology, Engineering, Robotics, Physics, Medicine (including Forensics), etc. where students can interact with real cases. Currently, the teacher in Law needs to improve and increase his knowledge to favor his educational practice using VR and its applicability in the educational process by means of Information and Communication Technologies or any other mechanical means., Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um Protótipo para um Simulador Virtual com Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Realidade Virtual (VR) que é útil para apresentar casos e pode ser implementado no ensino-aprendizagem da Resolução Alternativa de Disputas (ADR). O principal objetivo desta técnica de protótipo de software é a obtenção de um modelo funcional do sistema. Portanto, permitirá que o usuário tenha uma idéia e uma abordagem para a aplicação. Além disso, ao ter uma melhor abordagem, os requisitos serão compreendidos e refinados a fim de reduzir seus riscos. O modelo utilizado é a Unified Modeling Language (UML), foi escolhida por ser um padrão da indústria em Programação Orientada a Objetos, o que dá melhores benefícios ao nosso projeto. Vale mencionar que na conclusão do protótipo, o projeto foi considerado viável, inovador e pode ser experimentado e os custos podem ser controlados. No México, o ADR é uma área do direito que encontra sua aplicabilidade em direito penal, civil, familiar, administrativo, tributário, financeiro, esportivo, escolar e comercial. A RV com o uso da IA tem sido implementada com sucesso para o ensino-aprendizagem em outras áreas como Psicologia, Engenharia, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluindo a Medicina Legal).

Este articulo presenta la implementación de un Prototipo para un Simulador Virtual con Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y Realidad Virtual (RV) que sea útil para presentar casos y se pueda implementar en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Medios Alternos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC). El objetivo principal de esta técnica de prototipo de software es obtener un modelo funcional del sistema. Por lo tanto, permitirá al usuario tener una idea y enfoque de la aplicación. Además, de tener un mejor enfoque, se comprenderán y podrán refinar los requerimientos para disminuir los riesgos de estos. El modelo utilizado es Unified Modeling Language (UML), se eligió por ser un estándar en la industria de la Programación Orientada a Objetos, lo cual da mejores beneficios a nuestro proyecto. Cabe mencionar que al concluir el prototipo se ha encontrado que el proyecto es factible, novedoso y se puede experimentar con él y controlar los costos. En México, los MASC son un área del Derecho que encuentran su aplicabilidad en el área Penal, Civil, Familiar, Administrativa, Fiscal, Financiera, Deportiva, Escolar y Mercantil. La RV con el uso de la IA ha sido implementada con éxito para la enseñanza-aprendizaje en otras áreas como la Psicología, Ingeniería, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluso Forense)., This paper presents the implementation of a Prototype for a Virtual Simulator with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) that is useful to present cases and can be implemented in the teaching-learning of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The main objective of this software prototyping technique is to obtain a functional model of the system. Therefore, it will allow the user to have an idea and approach to the application. In addition, by having a better approach, the requirements will be understood and refined to reduce their risks. The model used is Unified Modeling Language (UML), it was chosen because it is a standard in the Object Oriented Programming industry, which gives better benefits to our project. It is worth mentioning that at the conclusion of our prototype it has been found that the project is feasible, innovative and can be experimented with it and costs can be controlled. In Mexico, ADR is an area of law that finds its applicability in the Criminal, Civil, Family, Administrative, Tax, Financial, Sports, School, or Commercial areas. VR with the use of AI has been successfully implemented for teaching-learning in other areas such as Psychology, Engineering, Robotics, Physics, Medicine (including Forensics), etc. where students can interact with real cases. Currently, the teacher in Law needs to improve and increase his knowledge to favor his educational practice using VR and its applicability in the educational process by means of Information and Communication Technologies or any other mechanical means., Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um Protótipo para um Simulador Virtual com Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Realidade Virtual (VR) que é útil para apresentar casos e pode ser implementado no ensino-aprendizagem da Resolução Alternativa de Disputas (ADR). O principal objetivo desta técnica de protótipo de software é a obtenção de um modelo funcional do sistema. Portanto, permitirá que o usuário tenha uma idéia e uma abordagem para a aplicação. Além disso, ao ter uma melhor abordagem, os requisitos serão compreendidos e refinados a fim de reduzir seus riscos. O modelo utilizado é a Unified Modeling Language (UML), foi escolhida por ser um padrão da indústria em Programação Orientada a Objetos, o que dá melhores benefícios ao nosso projeto. Vale mencionar que na conclusão do protótipo, o projeto foi considerado viável, inovador e pode ser experimentado e os custos podem ser controlados. No México, o ADR é uma área do direito que encontra sua aplicabilidade em direito penal, civil, familiar, administrativo, tributário, financeiro, esportivo, escolar e comercial. A RV com o uso da IA tem sido implementada com sucesso para o ensino-aprendizagem em outras áreas como Psicologia, Engenharia, Robótica, Física, Medicina (incluindo a Medicina Legal).

Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.

Background and Purpose Acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis remain major causes of morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden in the critically ill patient. There is an urgent medical need for identifying factors of susceptibility and prognosis and for designing new therapeutic tools for treating these disorders. Here, we evaluate the capacity of the immunomodulatory neuropeptide cortistatin to regulate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. Experimental Approach ALI/ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis were induced experimentally in wild-type and cortistatin-deficient mice by pulmonary infusion of the bacterial endotoxin LPS or the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin, and the histopathological signs, pulmonary leukocyte infiltration and cytokines and fibrotic markers were evaluated. Key Results Partially-deficient mice in cortistatin showed exacerbated pulmonary damage, pulmonary inflammation, alveolar oedema and fibrosis, and subsequent increased respiratory failure and mortality when challenged to LPS or bleomycin, even at low doses. Treatment with cortistatin reversed these aggravated phenotypes and protected from progression to severe ARDS and fibrosis after high-exposition to both injury agents. Moreover, cortistatin-deficient pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts showed exaggerated ex vivo inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and treatment with cortistatin impaired their activation. Finally, the protective effects of cortistatin in ALI and pulmonary fibrosis were partially inhibited by specific antagonists for somatostatin- and ghrelin-receptors. Conclusion and Implications We identify to cortistatin as an endogenous break of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin could be a marker of poor-prognosis in inflammatory/fibrotic pulmonary disorders. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive candidates to treat severe ALI/ARDS, including SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS.

En la búsqueda de una alternativa a las fuentes de alimentación tradicionales aparecen los energy harvester con el objetivo de aprovechar la energía que se genera en el ambiente o con la propia actividad humana para el uso de dispositivos biomédicos como puede ser una bomba de insulina. Se realiza un análisis de la situación actual de estos dispositivos y más concretamente de los generadores piezoeléctricos, termoeléctricos y solares. Posteriormente se realizan simulaciones para comprobar su funcionalidad., In the search for an alternative to traditional power sources, energy harvesters appear with the aim of taking advantage of the energy generated in the environment or with human activity itself for the use of biomedical devices such as an insulin pump. An analysis of the current situation of these devices and more specifically of piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and solar generators is conducted. Subsequently, simulations are conducted to verify its functionality

In the last years, the Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) market has grown significantly, being part of an RFIC Innovation Cycle. Due to the two main application drivers of communication and sensing, the market is pushing to have circuits operating at higher and higher frequencies, making the role of millimeter wave (mmWave) devices more and more important. In this band, many applications such as mmWave 5G, automotive radars and imaging unfold. However, circuit design at such high frequencies brings new challenges that must be faced. One of the main challenges is the design for power amplifier (PA) stability. The need of high gain in operating frequencies together with the fact that PA designs are becoming more integrated, with higher density, more potential feedback loops, easier resonances due to smaller wavelengths and less accessibility after fabrication, results in an increased risk of instability. On top of that, very often, designs that appear to be stable in simulations are not in measurements. This thesis aims to study the stability of mmWave PAs, providing a set of techniques that can be used by PA designers during design and layout to analyze and improve the stability of the design. With that goal, an extensive review of literature covering the main stability verification techniques is presented, showing their advantages and drawbacks and outlining the use of pole-zero identification together with loop gain as the most rigorous and insightful techniques. A stability analysis framework based on MATLAB and combined with Keysight ADS is described. The framework includes parametric and multiple nodes simulation, identification of critical nodes, improvements in selection of order of transfer function and modifications for computational efficiency. The framework is tested with three different designs, showing the expected results. The framework, together with complementary techniques, is applied to the use case of a 28-GHz Gallium Nitride (GaN) multista

Background and Purpose Liver fibrosis induced by chronic hepatic injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of susceptibility/prognosis factors and new therapeutic tools for treating hepatic fibrotic disorders are urgent medical needs. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in lung that binds to receptors that are expressed in liver fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells. We evaluated the capacity of cortistatin to regulate liver fibrosis. Experimental Approach We experimentally induced liver fibrosis in mice by chronic CCl4 exposure and bile duct ligation and evaluated the histopathological signs and fibrotic markers. Key Results Hepatic expression of cortistatin inversely correlated with liver fibrosis grade in mice and humans with hepatic disorders. Cortistatin-deficient mice showed exacerbated signs of liver damage and fibrosis and increased mortality rates when challenged by hepatotoxic and cholestatic injury. Compared with wild-type mice, non-parenchymal liver cells isolated from cortistatin-deficient mice showed increased presence of cells with activated myofibroblast phenotypes and a differential genetic signature that is indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells and periportal fibroblasts and of myofibroblasts with active contractile apparatus. Cortistatin treatment reversed in vivo and in vitro these exaggerated fibrogenic phenotypes and protected from progression to severe liver fibrosis in response to hepatic injury. Conclusion and Implications: We identify cortistatin as an endogenous molecular brake on liver fibrosis and its deficiency as a potential poor-prognosis marker for chronic hepatic disorders that link with fibrosis. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive strategies for ameliorating severe hepatic fibrosis of various aetiologies.

Mesenchymal stromal stem/cells (MSC) therapies are clinically used in a wide range of disorders based on their robust HLA-independent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying MSC therapeutic activity remain elusive as demonstrated by the unpredictable therapeutic efficacy of MSC infusions reported in multiple clinical trials. A seminal recent study showed that infused MSCs are actively induced to undergo apoptosis by recipient cytotoxic T cells, a mechanism that triggers in vivo recipient-induced immunomodulation by such apoptotic MSCs, and the need for such recipient cytotoxic cell activity could be replaced by the administration of ex vivo-generated apoptotic MSCs. Moreover, the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) is being actively explored as a cell-free therapeutic alternative over the parental MSCs. We hypothesized that the introduction of a "suicide gene" switch into MSCs may offer on-demand in vivo apoptosis of transplanted MSCs. Here, we prompted to investigate the utility of the iCasp9/AP1903 suicide gene system in inducing apoptosis of MSCs. iCasp9/AP1903-induced apoptotic MSCs (MSCiCasp9+) were tested in vitro and in in vivo models of acute colitis. Our data show a very similar and robust immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of both "parental" alive MSCGFP+ cells and apoptotic MSCiCasp9+ cells in vitro and in vivo regardless of whether apoptosis was induced in vivo or in vitro before administering MSCiCasp9+ lysates. This development of an efficient iCasp9 switch may potentiate the safety of MSC-based therapies in the case of an adverse event and, will also circumvent current logistic technical limitations and biological uncertainties associated to MSC-EVs.

Neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are often characterized by neuroinflammation, which is largely driven by microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Under these conditions, microglia are able to secrete neurotoxic substances, provoking neuronal cell death. However, microglia in the healthy brain carry out CNS-supporting functions. This is due to the ability of microglia to acquire different phenotypes that can play a neuroprotective role under physiological conditions or a pro-inflammatory, damaging one during disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies focus on the downregulation of these neuroinflammatory processes and try to re-activate the neuroprotective features of microglia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of different origins have been shown to exert such effects, due to their immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, MSC derived from adipose tissue have been made the center of attention because of their easy availability and extraction methods. These cells induce a neuroprotective phenotype in microglia and downregulate neuroinflammation, resulting in an improvement of clinical symptoms in a variety of animal models for neurological pathologies, e.g., Alzheimer¿s disease, traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. In this review, we will discuss the application of adipose tissue-derived MSC and their conditioned medium, including extracellular vesicles, in neurological disorders, their beneficial effect on microglia and the signaling pathways involved.

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) lanza 14 Temáticas estratégicas para coordinar equipos de investigación punteros y multidisciplinares que amplíen las fronteras del conocimiento en áreas como el origen de la vida, la composición de la materia, la exploración del espacio, el funcionamiento del cerebro, la transición energética, la sociedad global y el impacto del cambio global, entre otros. Estas temáticas funcionarán como grandes equipos de investigación para potenciar la sinergia entre áreas del conocimiento que logren objetivos a largo plazo. Las nuevas Temáticas estratégicas han sido impulsadas desde la Vicepresidencia de Investigación Científica y Técnica del CSIC, con la colaboración de las Comisiones de Áreas globales, y durante el último año ha supuesto un gran esfuerzo colaborativo de más de 1.100 investigadores pertenecientes a 112 centros del CSIC, así como colaboradores externos de otros Organismos Públicos de Investigación y Universidades, que han contribuido activamente a identificar estos retos para los próximos años, así como su evolución en el horizonte 2030.

El Libro Blanco Desafíos Científicos CSIC 2030 presenta la reflexión planteada desde el CSIC en torno a 14 Temáticas estratégicas elegidas por su impacto científico e importancia social. Se analizan cuestiones fundamentales que incluyen la futura exploración del universo, la inteligencia artificial, la investigación de los océanos, el desarrollo de una energía limpia, segura y eficiente o la comprensión de cómo funciona el cerebro. El documento aborda retos complejos en áreas como la salud y las ciencias sociales y las temáticas estratégicas seleccionadas cubren tanto cuestiones básicas, como potenciales aplicaciones del conocimiento. “Los 14 Libros Blancos, diseñados como referencia para la elaboración de la estrategia científica de la institución, permiten conocer la investigación que se realiza hoy en día en los centros del CSIC, y a la vez proporcionan una visión global de lo que serán las prioridades científicas a lo largo de la próxima década”, explica Victoria Moreno-Arribas, vicepresidenta adjunta de Áreas Científico-Técnicas del CSIC. En cada uno de los desafíos se identifican, además, las líneas de trabajo que, a través de la colaboración de varios equipos del CSIC altamente complementarios y otros grupos asociados, ampliarán las fronteras del conocimiento y plantearán soluciones a grandes desafíos globales.

A lesson that we have learned from the pandemia caused by coronavirus is that solutions in health require coordinated actions. Beside this and other emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, millions of Europeans are suffering a plethora of disorders that are currently acquiring epidemic dimensions, including cancer, rare diseases, pain and food allergies, among others. New tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment need to be urgently designed and implemented using new holistic and multidisciplinary approaches at three different levels (basic research, translational/clinical and public/social levels) and involving researchers, clinicians, industry and all stakeholders in the health system. The CSIC is excellently positioned to lead and coordinate these challenges in Biomedicine and Health.

Natural phenolic compounds found in food have demonstrated interesting preventive and therapeutic effects on a large variety of pathologies. Indeed, some of them, such as resveratrol (RES), have been examined in clinical trials. Nevertheless, their success has been scarce mainly due to their low bioavailability. In this study, we found serendipitously that O-silyl RES derivatives exerted a better neuroprotective activity than resveratrol itself and decided to explore them as potential drugs for neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. We have also designed and prepared a series of O-silyl RES prodrugs to improve their bioavailability. We found that di-triethylsilyl and di-triisopropylsilyl RES derivatives were better in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents than RES. Among these derivatives and their corresponding acyl-, glycosyl- and carbamoyl-prodrugs, 3,5-triethylsilyl-4’-(6″-octanoylglucopyranosyl) resveratrol 26 showed the best profile on toxicity and neuroprotective activity in zebra fish embryo. Compound 26 was also capable of reducing the loss of motor coordination in a 3-nitropropionic acid mice model of Huntington's disease, in a similar way to RES. However, 26 diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 to a higher extent than RES and improved the latency to fall in the rotarod test by 10% with respect to RES. Finally, we investigated 26 and RES as potential treatments on an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) multiple sclerosis mice model. We observed that, in a therapeutic regimen, 26 significantly diminished the progression of EAE severity and reduced the percentage of animals with moderate to severe clinical score, whereas RES showed no improvement.

Something that we have learned from the pandemia caused by coronavirus isthat solutionsin healthrequire coordinated actions. Beside this and other (re)emerging infectious diseases, spain and europe are suffereng a plethora of disorders that are actually adquiring epidemic dimensions, including cancer, rare disesases, pain and food allergies between others. New tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment need to be urgently designed and implemented using new holistic and multidisciplinary approaches that involve researchers, clinicials, industryand all stakeholthersof health system. CSIC is excellently positioned to lead and coordinate these challengesin Biomedicine and Health.

Proiektua Tolosan kokatzen da, sustraietatik gastronomia jarion herrian, geroz eta fama gehiago hartzen ari dena, bere kalitatezko produktua atuktonoei esker. Horrela ba, literalki Oria ibaiaren ertzean kokatzen gara, atzinean Tolosa irla modura egituratzen zuen harresiaren babesean. Gastronomia azal-azalean bizitzeko aukera paregabea ematen digu Alde Zaharreko atean kokaturiko eraikin honek. Felipe Gorritiren plazaren izaera sozialeaz kutsatuz eta Tolosako bi azoka merkatuen arteko josketa bat emanez (Kale Nagusiari esker), babarrunarentzako etxea proposatzen da, pintxo eta tradiziozko sukaldaritza eskaintzen duten tabernen arten murgildurik. Proiektu honen bidez, mota guztietako kurtsoak eta experientzia monografikoak eskeintzeko toki bat sortzea da helburua. Giro herriko eta gertutasun baten ikuspegitik, non ikasitakoa modu erraz eta funtzional batean egunerokotasunean aplikatu daitekeen. Bestetik, eraikinak toki publikoa izateko bereizgarri guztiak biltzeko nahi du, adindueneke zein txikienek sukalde eta jakien munduan sartzeko aukera eskeiniz. Mota guztietako sukaldaritza biltzen da programan, betiere tradiziozko eta lekuko plater eta jakiak besteengandik gainjarriz. Horrela gure produktu preziatu modura Tolosako baburruna genuke: perla beltza, gure eraikina produktu honen ``egoitza´´ edo erakuslehio bilakatuz. Proposamena, ain ospe handikoa dugun sukalde fama hori gurera gerturatzea da, hots, herritarrei. Beraz, tradiziozko sukaldaritza eta lurreko plater horiek erakustea zein irakastea litzateke helburu. Tolosan bertan baditugu ezagunak diren hainbat produktu zein sukaldaitzaren hainbat esparru ospetsu: Tolosako babarrunak, Ibarrako piperrak, Eceiza gozogintza (teila eta zigarrilo pastak) eta Gorrotxategi gozogintza eta museoa (txokolatearekin zerikusia) eta Altuna harategia dira aipagarrienak... Izan ere, sukaldaritza oso bideraturik dago lanbidera, titulazio bat atzean duelarik. Gurean aldiz, gertutasuneko giro batean oinarritzen gara, sukaldaritzaren oinar

Proiektua Tolosan kokatzen da, sustraietatik gastronomia jarion herrian, geroz eta fama gehiago hartzen ari dena, bere kalitatezko produktua atuktonoei esker. Horrela ba, literalki Oria ibaiaren ertzean kokatzen gara, atzinean Tolosa irla modura egituratzen zuen harresiaren babesean. Gastronomia azal-azalean bizitzeko aukera paregabea ematen digu Alde Zaharreko atean kokaturiko eraikin honek. Felipe Gorritiren plazaren izaera sozialeaz kutsatuz eta Tolosako bi azoka merkatuen arteko josketa bat emanez (Kale Nagusiari esker), babarrunarentzako etxea proposatzen da, pintxo eta tradiziozko sukaldaritza eskaintzen duten tabernen arten murgildurik. Proiektu honen bidez, mota guztietako kurtsoak eta experientzia monografikoak eskeintzeko toki bat sortzea da helburua. Giro herriko eta gertutasun baten ikuspegitik, non ikasitakoa modu erraz eta funtzional batean egunerokotasunean aplikatu daitekeen. Bestetik, eraikinak toki publikoa izateko bereizgarri guztiak biltzeko nahi du, adindueneke zein txikienek sukalde eta jakien munduan sartzeko aukera eskeiniz. Mota guztietako sukaldaritza biltzen da programan, betiere tradiziozko eta lekuko plater eta jakiak besteengandik gainjarriz. Horrela gure produktu preziatu modura Tolosako baburruna genuke: perla beltza, gure eraikina produktu honen ``egoitza´´ edo erakuslehio bilakatuz. Proposamena, ain ospe handikoa dugun sukalde fama hori gurera gerturatzea da, hots, herritarrei. Beraz, tradiziozko sukaldaritza eta lurreko plater horiek erakustea zein irakastea litzateke helburu. Tolosan bertan baditugu ezagunak diren hainbat produktu zein sukaldaitzaren hainbat esparru ospetsu: Tolosako babarrunak, Ibarrako piperrak, Eceiza gozogintza (teila eta zigarrilo pastak) eta Gorrotxategi gozogintza eta museoa (txokolatearekin zerikusia) eta Altuna harategia dira aipagarrienak... Izan ere, sukaldaritza oso bideraturik dago lanbidera, titulazio bat atzean duelarik. Gurean aldiz, gertutasuneko giro batean oinarritzen gara, sukaldaritzaren oinar

The media and, above all, advertising play a very important role in the formation of society, especially in the youth sector. In this sense, we must reinforce the pedagogical models in the classroom to get critical citizens. On the other hand, the environment, in recent years, has become one of the most popular topics of study. Therefore, this research aims to shed light on the use of advertising for the teaching of environmental education in the context of Primary Education. For this, qualitative research has been carried out through participant observation and focus groups. The sample consists of 5 advertising spots related to environmental issues and 75 students of the Huerto-Alegre school farm in Granada, trying to clarify the level of knowledge that these students have about the object of study. The main results and conclusions show that in spite of linking environmental problems with the spots viewed there is a discontinuity in the family and school contexts, even with the help of the mediator, emphasizing the need to reinforce the competencies in the formation and knowledge of students., A mídia e, acima de tudo, a publicidade, desempenham um papel muito importante na formação da sociedade, especialmente no setor mais jovem. Nesse sentido, os modelos pedagógicos em sala de aula devem ser reforçados para formar cidadãos críticos. Por outro lado, o meio ambiente, nos últimos tempos, tornou-se um dos temas mais populares de estudo. Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo esclarecer o uso da publicidade no ensino da educação ambiental no contexto da Educação Fundamental. Para isso, pesquisas qualitativas foram realizadas por meio de observação participante e grupos focais. A amostra composta por 5 spots publicitários relacionados a questões ambientais e 75 alunos da escola agrícola de Huerto-Alegre, em Granada, tenta esclarecer o nível de conhecimento que esses alunos têm sobre o objeto de estudo. Os principais resultados e conclusões mostram que, apesar de vincular os problemas ambientais aos spots vistos, há uma descontinuidade no contexto familiar e escolar, mesmo com a ajuda do mediador, enfatizando a necessidade de fortalecer as habilidades na formação e no conhecimento dos alunos., Los medios de comunicación y, sobre todo, la publicidad juegan un papel muy importante en la formación de la sociedad, especialmente, en el sector más joven. En este sentido, hay que reforzar los modelos pedagógicos en el aula para conseguir ciudadanos críticos. Por otro lado, el medio ambiente, en los últimos tiempos, se ha convertido en uno de los temas más populares de estudio. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación pretende arrojar luz sobre el uso de la publicidad para la enseñanza de la educación ambiental en el contexto de la Educación Primaria. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cualitativa a través de la observación participante y grupos focales. La muestra compuesta por 5 spots publicitarios relacionados con temas medioambientales y 75 alumnos de la granja escuela Huerto-Alegre de Granada, trata de esclarecer el nivel de conocimiento que poseen estos estudiantes sobre el objeto de estudio. Los principales resultados y conclusiones demuestran que a pesar de vincular problemas medio ambientales con los spots visionados existe una discontinuidad en los contextos familiar y escolar, incluso con ayuda del mediador, incidiendo en la necesidad de reforzar las competencias en la formación y conocimiento del alumnado.

Proiektua Tolosan kokatzen da, sustraietatik gastronomia jarion herrian, geroz eta fama gehiago hartzen ari dena, bere kalitatezko produktua atuktonoei esker. Horrela ba, literalki Oria ibaiaren ertzean kokatzen gara, atzinean Tolosa irla modura egituratzen zuen harresiaren babesean. Gastronomia azal-azalean bizitzeko aukera paregabea ematen digu Alde Zaharreko atean kokaturiko eraikin honek. Felipe Gorritiren plazaren izaera sozialeaz kutsatuz eta Tolosako bi azoka merkatuen arteko josketa bat emanez (Kale Nagusiari esker), babarrunarentzako etxea proposatzen da, pintxo eta tradiziozko sukaldaritza eskaintzen duten tabernen arten murgildurik. Proiektu honen bidez, mota guztietako kurtsoak eta experientzia monografikoak eskeintzeko toki bat sortzea da helburua. Giro herriko eta gertutasun baten ikuspegitik, non ikasitakoa modu erraz eta funtzional batean egunerokotasunean aplikatu daitekeen. Bestetik, eraikinak toki publikoa izateko bereizgarri guztiak biltzeko nahi du, adindueneke zein txikienek sukalde eta jakien munduan sartzeko aukera eskeiniz. Mota guztietako sukaldaritza biltzen da programan, betiere tradiziozko eta lekuko plater eta jakiak besteengandik gainjarriz. Horrela gure produktu preziatu modura Tolosako baburruna genuke: perla beltza, gure eraikina produktu honen ``egoitza´´ edo erakuslehio bilakatuz. Proposamena, ain ospe handikoa dugun sukalde fama hori gurera gerturatzea da, hots, herritarrei. Beraz, tradiziozko sukaldaritza eta lurreko plater horiek erakustea zein irakastea litzateke helburu. Tolosan bertan baditugu ezagunak diren hainbat produktu zein sukaldaitzaren hainbat esparru ospetsu: Tolosako babarrunak, Ibarrako piperrak, Eceiza gozogintza (teila eta zigarrilo pastak) eta Gorrotxategi gozogintza eta museoa (txokolatearekin zerikusia) eta Altuna harategia dira aipagarrienak... Izan ere, sukaldaritza oso bideraturik dago lanbidera, titulazio bat atzean duelarik. Gurean aldiz, gertutasuneko giro batean oinarritzen gara, sukaldaritzaren oinar

In the version of this article that was originally published [1]; some information in the “Author’s contributions” section was omitted.

En el contexto de la robótica y otras aplicaciones en la industria que requieran un cierto nivel de automatización (líneas de montaje, servicios de vigilancia autónomos, etc), cada vez se necesita procesar la información proporcionada por los sensores con mayor rapidez. Habitualmente se han empleado soluciones de Cloud computing (computación en la capa de la nube), debido a la gran capacidad de cálculo del hardware empleado en esta capa. Sin embargo, los sistemas de comunicación entre el edge (donde se extraen los datos del entorno) y la nube constituyen un problema en cuanto a latencia y consumo de energía, motivo por el cual la computación se busca trasladarla en numerosos sistemas automatizados a la capa del edge. Además, para una mayor robustez y para desarrollar sistemas automatizados que realicen tareas más complejas, la información de los sensores se debe procesar conjuntamente, fusionando las características extraídas mediante algoritmos específicos. En los sistemas modernos se requerirá por tanto una computación rápida, de bajo coste energético y capaz de manejar elevados flujos de datos procedentes de diversos sensores. Para este procesamiento avanzado de la información, se han desarrollado soluciones basadas en inteligencia artificial, más concretamente en el aprendizaje automático (Machine Learning), que proporcionan un procesamiento con resultados muy precisos de los valores procedentes de los sensores. Así pues, se han logrado avances en materia de clasificación o detección de objetos (o también, por ejemplo, acciones en secuencias de vídeo) mediante el uso de arquitecturas de red neuronal, algoritmos de aprendizaje automático que simulan el comportamiento de las neuronas del cerebro humano a la hora de procesar la información que reciben del sistema nervioso. En el desarrollo este proyecto se han diseñado diversas arquitecturas de red neuronal convolucional (tipo de red neuronal cuyas operaciones están adaptadas para un procesamiento eficiente de imág

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos.La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

La Educación Ambiental es considerada como una educación integral para todas las personas en un ámbito que comprende todos los contextos de la vida. En nuestra sociedad, existe una gran variedad de materiales y recursos con los que se puede desarrollar una Educación Ambiental para que resulte cercana y útil al alumnado en su día a día. Pero no todos los recursos con los que se cuentan son válidos o se utilizan correctamente. Por este motivo, la presente investigación trata de comprobar la validez de la publicidad que se muestra en televisión como recurso dentro de la Educación Ambiental. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la publicidad actual que se muestra a menores en televisión. Así, se ha utilizado una metodología observacional complementada con diversos instrumentos de medida. A través del análisis observacional y con los resultados del cuestionario recogidos en un entorno ambiental como la granja-escuela Huerto Alegre, se ha intentado averiguar si con la publicidad de corte ambiental se siguen los principios de la educación ambiental o, si por el contrario, solo se busca vender unos determinados productos catalogados como “verdes”., Environmental Education is considered to be a comprehensive education for everyone in any context of life. Our society offers a variety of materials and resources which make it possible to develop the subject of Environmental Education in a manner that is close to students and seen to be useful in their everyday lives. However, not all the resources are acceptable or used correctly. For this reason, the current research seeks to test the validity of television advertising as a resource in Environmental Education. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of current TV advertising watched by minors was carried out, in which observational methodology was used with a range of measurement instruments. Through observational analysis, in tandem with the results obtained from a survey conducted in the environmental setting of the Huerto Alegre farm-school, an attempt was made to discover the following: whether the principles of environmental education are followed as a result of the influence of environmental advertising, or whether the overriding objective is to sell certain products labelled as “green”.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos.La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

Environmental Education is considered to be a comprehensive education for everyone in any context of life. Our society offers a variety of materials and resources which make it possible to develop the subject of Environmental Education in a manner that is close to students and seen to be useful in their everyday lives. However, not all the resources are acceptable or used correctly. For this reason, the current research seeks to test the validity of television advertising as a resource in Environmental Education. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of current TV advertising watched by minors was carried out, in which observational methodology was used with a range of measurement instruments. Through observational analysis, in tandem with the results obtained from a survey conducted in the environmental setting of the Huerto Alegre farm-school, an attempt was made to discover the following: whether the principles of environmental education are followed as a result of the influence of environmental advertising, or whether the overriding objective is to sell certain products labelled as “green”., La Educación Ambiental es considerada como una educación integral para todas las personas en un ámbito que comprende todos los contextos de la vida. En nuestra sociedad, existe una gran variedad de materiales y recursos con los que se puede desarrollar una Educación Ambiental para que resulte cercana y útil al alumnado en su día a día. Pero no todos los recursos con los que se cuentan son válidos o se utilizan correctamente. Por este motivo, la presente investigación trata de comprobar la validez de la publicidad que se muestra en televisión como recurso dentro de la Educación Ambiental. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la publicidad actual que se muestra a menores en televisión. Así, se ha utilizado una metodología observacional complementada con diversos instrumentos de medida. A través del análisis observacional y con los resultados del cuestionario recogido en un entorno ambiental como la granja-escuela Huerto Alegre, se ha intentado averiguar si con la publicidad de corte ambiental se siguen los principios de la educación ambiental o, si por el contrario, solo se busca vender unos determinados productos catalogados como “verdes”.

A case of a 23-year-old patient, previously healthy, G1P0A1, with clinical symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding. The patient was underwent transvaginal ultrasound that reported molar pregnancy, however after making the measurement of serum B-HCG was 0.00 mIU/ml. It was necessary curettage and biopsy to establish histological diagnosis. The result showed simple hyperplasia endometrial with focal complex without atypia. The importance of communication in this case, because at this age, the presentation of this disease is uncommon. The literature published in English, Spanish and French during the last 10 years in the Medline database were reviewed via Pubmed and LILACS. Besides, classical texts was referenced in this article. Simple endometrial hyperplasia in patients under 30 years old is rare. It should be taken into account the presence of atypia on histology, because the risk is greater of malignant transformation, Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos.La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos.La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, previamente sana, G1P0A1, con cuadro clínico de hemorragia uterina anormal, a quien se le realizó ecografía transvaginal que reportó embarazo molar, sin embargo tras realizar la medición sérica de B-HCG, fue de 0.00 mUI/ml, por lo que requirió realización de legrado y biopsia para establecer diagnóstico histológico. El resultado evidenció hiperplasia simple, con complejo focal y sin atipia. Se destaca la importancia de la comunicación de este caso, debido a que a esta edad, la presentación de esta patología es infrecuente. Se hace una revisión de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y en LILACS en español, inglés y francés. Se tuvo como referencia además textos clásicos.La hiperplasia endometrial simple en pacientes menores de 30 años es poco frecuente, se debe tener en cuenta la presencia de atipias en la histología pues de ser positivo, es mayor el riesgo de transformación maligna.

La Educación Ambiental es considerada como una educación integral para todas las personas en un ámbito que comprende todos los contextos de la vida. En nuestra sociedad, existe una gran variedad de materiales y recursos con los que se puede desarrollar una Educación Ambiental para que resulte cercana y útil al alumnado en su día a día. Pero no todos los recursos con los que se cuentan son válidos o se utilizan correctamente. Por este motivo, la presente investigación trata de comprobar la validez de la publicidad que se muestra en televisión como recurso dentro de la Educación Ambiental. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la publicidad actual que se muestra a menores en televisión. Así, se ha utilizado una metodología observacional complementada con diversos instrumentos de medida. A través del análisis observacional y con los resultados del cuestionario recogidos en un entorno ambiental como la granja-escuela Huerto Alegre, se ha intentado averiguar si con la publicidad de corte ambiental se siguen los principios de la educación ambiental o, si por el contrario, solo se busca vender unos determinados productos catalogados como “verdes”., Environmental Education is considered to be a comprehensive education for everyone in any context of life. Our society offers a variety of materials and resources which make it possible to develop the subject of Environmental Education in a manner that is close to students and seen to be useful in their everyday lives. However, not all the resources are acceptable or used correctly. For this reason, the current research seeks to test the validity of television advertising as a resource in Environmental Education. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of current TV advertising watched by minors was carried out, in which observational methodology was used with a range of measurement instruments. Through observational analysis, in tandem with the results obtained from a survey conducted in the environmental setting of the Huerto Alegre farm-school, an attempt was made to discover the following: whether the principles of environmental education are followed as a result of the influence of environmental advertising, or whether the overriding objective is to sell certain products labelled as “green”.

Environmental Education is considered to be a comprehensive education for everyone in any context of life. Our society offers a variety of materials and resources which make it possible to develop the subject of Environmental Education in a manner that is close to students and seen to be useful in their everyday lives. However, not all the resources are acceptable or used correctly. For this reason, the current research seeks to test the validity of television advertising as a resource in Environmental Education. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of current TV advertising watched by minors was carried out, in which observational methodology was used with a range of measurement instruments. Through observational analysis, in tandem with the results obtained from a survey conducted in the environmental setting of the Huerto Alegre farm-school, an attempt was made to discover the following: whether the principles of environmental education are followed as a result of the influence of environmental advertising, or whether the overriding objective is to sell certain products labelled as “green”., La Educación Ambiental es considerada como una educación integral para todas las personas en un ámbito que comprende todos los contextos de la vida. En nuestra sociedad, existe una gran variedad de materiales y recursos con los que se puede desarrollar una Educación Ambiental para que resulte cercana y útil al alumnado en su día a día. Pero no todos los recursos con los que se cuentan son válidos o se utilizan correctamente. Por este motivo, la presente investigación trata de comprobar la validez de la publicidad que se muestra en televisión como recurso dentro de la Educación Ambiental. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la publicidad actual que se muestra a menores en televisión. Así, se ha utilizado una metodología observacional complementada con diversos instrumentos de medida. A través del análisis observacional y con los resultados del cuestionario recogido en un entorno ambiental como la granja-escuela Huerto Alegre, se ha intentado averiguar si con la publicidad de corte ambiental se siguen los principios de la educación ambiental o, si por el contrario, solo se busca vender unos determinados productos catalogados como “verdes”.

La robótica social se centra en la interacción con el humano, es decir arquitectura, componentes y recursos utilizados se enfatizan en permitir que los robots se integren con la sociedad humana. El presente trabajo presenta una perspectiva de la literatura técnica en los dominios de la robótica social y los sistemas de reconocimiento. Se realiza la descripción de objetos de estudio, enfoques, recursos y resultados con la finalidad de manifestar el panorama de investigación actual en estas temáticas y brindar una visión de las oportunidades de desarrollo de las áreas revisadas a vistas de a futuro contribuir en su investigación.

La robótica social se centra en la interacción con el humano, es decir arquitectura, componentes y recursos utilizados se enfatizan en permitir que los robots se integren con la sociedad humana. El presente trabajo presenta una perspectiva de la literatura técnica en los dominios de la robótica social y los sistemas de reconocimiento. Se realiza la descripción de objetos de estudio, enfoques, recursos y resultados con la finalidad de manifestar el panorama de investigación actual en estas temáticas y brindar una visión de las oportunidades de desarrollo de las áreas revisadas a vistas de a futuro contribuir en su investigación.

Human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMTCs) possess interesting immunomodulatory properties, making them attractive candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Recent in vivo reports argue in favour of an important role for macrophages as targets of hAMTC-mediated suppression of inflammation and the enhancement of tissue repair. However, a comprehensive study of the effects of hAMTCs and their conditioned medium (CM) on human macrophage differentiation and function is unavailable. In the present study we found that hAMTCs and CM induce the differentiation of myeloid cells (U937 and monocytes) towards macrophages. We then investigated their effects on monocytes differentiated toward pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Monocytes treated under M1 conditions in the presence of hAMTCs or CMs shifted towards M2-like macrophages, which expressed CD14, CD209, CD23, CD163 and PM-2 K, possessed higher phagocytic activity and produced higher IL-10 and lower pro-inflammatory cytokines. They were also poor T cell stimulators and Th1 inducers, while they were able to increase activated and naïve suppressive Treg subsets. We show that prostaglandins, and not IL-6, play a role in determining the M2 activation status. Instead, monocytes treated under M2 conditions in the presence of hAMTCs or CM retained M2-like features, but with an enhanced anti-inflammatory profile, having a reduced expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80, reduced phagocytosis activity and decreased the secretion of inflammatory chemokines. Importantly, we provide evidence that macrophages re-educated by CM improve tissue regeneration/repair in wound-healing models. In conclusion, we identified new cell targets of hAMTCs and their bioactive factors and here provide insight into the beneficial effects observed when these cells are used in therapeutic approaches in vivo.

We describe in this paper the synthesis and structural characterization of dimolybdenum and ditungsten complexes with MM bonds derived from the metal–metal bonded tetracarboxylates [M2(O2CR)4] and incorporating one or two bulky aminopyridinate or amidinate ligands. The new compounds were isolated in good yields from reactions of the [Mo2(O2CR)4] (R = CF3, Me) and [W2(O2CCF3)4] metal precursors with the lithium salts of several aminopyridinate and amidinate ligands. They have formulations [M2()(O2CR)3] or [M2()2(O2CR)2] ( = bridging aminopyridinate or amidinate ligand) and were identified by microanalysis and common spectroscopic techniques. Nine of the newly reported complexes were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

We describe in this paper the synthesis and structural characterization of dimolybdenum and ditungsten complexes with MM bonds derived from the metal–metal bonded tetracarboxylates [M2(O2CR)4] and incorporating one or two bulky aminopyridinate or amidinate ligands. The new compounds were isolated in good yields from reactions of the [Mo2(O2CR)4] (R = CF3, Me) and [W2(O2CCF3)4] metal precursors with the lithium salts of several aminopyridinate and amidinate ligands. They have formulations [M2()(O2CR)3] or [M2()2(O2CR)2] ( = bridging aminopyridinate or amidinate ligand) and were identified by microanalysis and common spectroscopic techniques. Nine of the newly reported complexes were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Se analiza la evolución de precios del mercado de vivienda ecuatoriano de manera agregada, entre enero 2008 y octubre 2014. Se aplicó la relación Precio/Alquiler (PER), la cual mostró que los precios de la vivienda han crecido a mayor tasa que el alquiler, generando una alerta sobre una posible formación de burbuja de precios. Luego, se estimó un modelo econométrico que buscaba explicar el precio a partir de variables fundamentales de oferta y demanda: salario y costos de la construcción, rendimiento de otros activos, tasa de interés en créditos de vivienda y un índice de actividad económica. El modelo mostró que la subida de precios es explicada por los fundamentales en un 93%, con lo cual rechazamos la hipótesis de formación de una burbuja inmobiliaria en el país, en términos agregados.CITACIÓN: Macias Rendón, W., Guzmán Sigüencia, L., & Ramírez Delgado, M. (2015). ¿Existe evidencia de burbuja inmobiliaria en el Ecuador? Podium, 28, 55–68. doi:10.31095/podium.2015.28.4ENLACE DOI: https://doi.org/10.31095/podium.2015.28.4

We describe in this paper the synthesis and structural characterization of dimolybdenum and ditungsten complexes with MM bonds derived from the metal–metal bonded tetracarboxylates [M2(O2CR)4] and incorporating one or two bulky aminopyridinate or amidinate ligands. The new compounds were isolated in good yields from reactions of the [Mo2(O2CR)4] (R = CF3, Me) and [W2(O2CCF3)4] metal precursors with the lithium salts of several aminopyridinate and amidinate ligands. They have formulations [M2()(O2CR)3] or [M2()2(O2CR)2] ( = bridging aminopyridinate or amidinate ligand) and were identified by microanalysis and common spectroscopic techniques. Nine of the newly reported complexes were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

We describe in this paper the synthesis and structural characterization of dimolybdenum and ditungsten complexes with MM bonds derived from the metal–metal bonded tetracarboxylates [M2(O2CR)4] and incorporating one or two bulky aminopyridinate or amidinate ligands. The new compounds were isolated in good yields from reactions of the [Mo2(O2CR)4] (R = CF3, Me) and [W2(O2CCF3)4] metal precursors with the lithium salts of several aminopyridinate and amidinate ligands. They have formulations [M2()(O2CR)3] or [M2()2(O2CR)2] ( = bridging aminopyridinate or amidinate ligand) and were identified by microanalysis and common spectroscopic techniques. Nine of the newly reported complexes were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

We describe in this paper the synthesis and structural characterization of dimolybdenum and ditungsten complexes with MM bonds derived from the metal–metal bonded tetracarboxylates [M2(O2CR)4] and incorporating one or two bulky aminopyridinate or amidinate ligands. The new compounds were isolated in good yields from reactions of the [Mo2(O2CR)4] (R = CF3, Me) and [W2(O2CCF3)4] metal precursors with the lithium salts of several aminopyridinate and amidinate ligands. They have formulations [M2()(O2CR)3] or [M2()2(O2CR)2] ( = bridging aminopyridinate or amidinate ligand) and were identified by microanalysis and common spectroscopic techniques. Nine of the newly reported complexes were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Se analiza la evolución de precios del mercado de vivienda ecuatoriano de manera agregada, entre enero 2008 y octubre 2014. Se aplicó la relación Precio/Alquiler (PER), la cual mostró que los precios de la vivienda han crecido a mayor tasa que el alquiler, generando una alerta sobre una posible formación de burbuja de precios. Luego, se estimó un modelo econométrico que buscaba explicar el precio a partir de variables fundamentales de oferta y demanda: salario y costos de la construcción, rendimiento de otros activos, tasa de interés en créditos de vivienda y un índice de actividad económica. El modelo mostró que la subida de precios es explicada por los fundamentales en un 93%, con lo cual rechazamos la hipótesis de formación de una burbuja inmobiliaria en el país, en términos agregados.CITACIÓN: Macias Rendón, W., Guzmán Sigüencia, L., & Ramírez Delgado, M. (2015). ¿Existe evidencia de burbuja inmobiliaria en el Ecuador? Podium, 28, 55–68. doi:10.31095/podium.2015.28.4ENLACE DOI: https://doi.org/10.31095/podium.2015.28.4