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1. Handling Missing Data For Sleep Monitoring Systems

Author

Gashi, S, Alecci, L, Gjoreski, M, Di Lascio, E, Mehrotra, A, Musolesi, M, Debus, M, Gasparini, F, Santini, S, Gashi S., Alecci L., Gjoreski M., Di Lascio E., Mehrotra A., Musolesi M., Debus M. E., Gasparini F., Santini S., Gashi, S, Alecci, L, Gjoreski, M, Di Lascio, E, Mehrotra, A, Musolesi, M, Debus, M, Gasparini, F, Santini, S, Gashi S., Alecci L., Gjoreski M., Di Lascio E., Mehrotra A., Musolesi M., Debus M. E., Gasparini F., and Santini S.

Abstract

Sensor-based sleep monitoring systems can be used to track sleep behavior on a daily basis and provide feedback to their users to promote health and well-being. Such systems can provide data visualizations to enable self-reflection on sleep habits or a sleep coaching service to improve sleep quality. To provide useful feedback, sleep monitoring systems must be able to recognize whether an individual is sleeping or awake. Existing approaches to infer sleep-wake phases, however, typically assume continuous streams of data to be available at inference time. In real-world settings, though, data streams or data samples may be missing, causing severe performance degradation of models trained on complete data streams. In this paper, we investigate the impact of missing data to recognize sleep and wake, and use regression-and interpolation-based imputation strategies to mitigate the errors that might be caused by incomplete data. To evaluate our approach, we use a data set that includes physiological traces-collected using wristbands-, behavioral data-gathered using smartphones-and self-reports from 16 participants over 30 days. Our results show that the presence of missing sensor data degrades the balanced accuracy of the classifier on average by 10-35 percentage points for detecting sleep and wake depending on the missing data rate. The impu-tation strategies explored in this work increase the performance of the classifier by 4-30 percentage points. These results open up new opportunities to improve the robustness of sleep monitoring systems against missing data.

Published
2022

2. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Abstract

The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of similar to 100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mu m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 mu m with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coude room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.

Published
2022
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3. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Martins, B. L. Canto, Cantalloube, F., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Leão, I. de Castro, Cia, A. De, Medeiros, J. R. De, Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Marcantonio, P. Di, Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O., Hernández, J. I. González, Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H.J., Huke, P., Järvinen, S., Järvinen, A., Kaminski, A., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, A., Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A., Marquart, T., Marques, E. L., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Santos, N., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-F., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, E., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N.R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallée, P., Varas, R., Venn, K., Véran, J.-P., Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Martins, B. L. Canto, Cantalloube, F., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Leão, I. de Castro, Cia, A. De, Medeiros, J. R. De, Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Marcantonio, P. Di, Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O., Hernández, J. I. González, Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H.J., Huke, P., Järvinen, S., Järvinen, A., Kaminski, A., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, A., Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A., Marquart, T., Marques, E. L., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Santos, N., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-F., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, E., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N.R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallée, P., Varas, R., Venn, K., Véran, J.-P., Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Abstract

The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.

Published
2022

4. The Role of Model Personalization for Sleep Stage and Sleep Quality Recognition Using Wearables

Author

Gashi, S, Alecci, L, Di Lascio, E, Debus, M, Gasparini, F, Santini, S, Debus, ME, Gashi, S, Alecci, L, Di Lascio, E, Debus, M, Gasparini, F, Santini, S, and Debus, ME

Abstract

Personal informatics systems can help people promote their health and well-being. Recent studies have shown that such systems can be used to infer relevant health indicators such as, e.g., stress, anxiety, and sleeping habits. While automatic detection of sleep has been studied extensively, there is a lack of studies exploring how population and personalized models influence the performance of sleep detection. In this article, we address this challenge by investigating the recognition of sleep/wake stages and high/low sleep quality with a focus on the impact of personalized models. To evaluate our approach, we collect a dataset of physiological signals and self-reports about sleep/wake times and sleep quality score. The dataset contains 6557 hours of sensor data collected using wristbands from 16 participants over one month. Our results show that personalized models perform significantly better than population models for sleep quality recognition, and are comparably good for sleep stage detection. The balanced accuracy for sleep/wake and high/low sleep quality are 92.2% and 61.51%, which are significantly higher than baseline classifiers.

Published
2022

5. Theories and empirical applications of legislative debate

Author

Bäck, Hanna, Debus, Marc, Fernandes, Jorge M, Bäck, H ( Hanna ), Debus, M ( Marc ), Fernandes, J M ( Jorge M ), Slapin, Jonathan B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2868, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, Bäck, Hanna, Debus, Marc, Fernandes, Jorge M, Bäck, H ( Hanna ), Debus, M ( Marc ), Fernandes, J M ( Jorge M ), Slapin, Jonathan B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2868, and Proksch, Sven-Oliver

Abstract

This chapter explores the theoretical mechanisms underpinning the participation of Members of Parliament (MPs) in legislative debates across a wide range of parliaments. It argues that researchers must examine both strategic interactions within political parties and political institutions to develop an understanding of which MPs take the floor and how researchers can use legislative speeches to measure the essential concepts of polarization, intra-party dissent, and representation. The chapter discusses the basic institutional framework that governs debate across parliamentary democracies, provides an overview of an intra-party theory of parliamentary debate, and considers various possible extensions of the theory. Finally, the chapter illustrates how scholars can integrate insights from theories of parliamentary debates and text analysis of parliamentary speeches.

Published
2021

6. Theories and empirical applications of legislative debate

Author

Bäck, Hanna, Debus, Marc, Fernandes, Jorge M, Bäck, H ( Hanna ), Debus, M ( Marc ), Fernandes, J M ( Jorge M ), Slapin, Jonathan B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2868, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, Bäck, Hanna, Debus, Marc, Fernandes, Jorge M, Bäck, H ( Hanna ), Debus, M ( Marc ), Fernandes, J M ( Jorge M ), Slapin, Jonathan B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2868, and Proksch, Sven-Oliver

Abstract

This chapter explores the theoretical mechanisms underpinning the participation of Members of Parliament (MPs) in legislative debates across a wide range of parliaments. It argues that researchers must examine both strategic interactions within political parties and political institutions to develop an understanding of which MPs take the floor and how researchers can use legislative speeches to measure the essential concepts of polarization, intra-party dissent, and representation. The chapter discusses the basic institutional framework that governs debate across parliamentary democracies, provides an overview of an intra-party theory of parliamentary debate, and considers various possible extensions of the theory. Finally, the chapter illustrates how scholars can integrate insights from theories of parliamentary debates and text analysis of parliamentary speeches.

Published
2021

7. Bicameralism, intra-party bargaining, and the formation of party policy positions : Evidence from the German federal system

Author

Bäck, Hanna, Debus, M., Kluver, H., Bäck, Hanna, Debus, M., and Kluver, H.

Abstract

How do political parties arrive at their policy positions? We conceptualize position formation in federalist countries as an intra-party bargaining process in which subnational parties compete with each other in an attempt to get their own positions into their national party manifesto. Drawing on theories about inter-party bargaining over ministerial portfolios, we hypothesize that the bargaining success of subnational parties depends on their parliamentary strength. We evaluate our hypotheses based on a comprehensive dataset on policy positions of national and subnational parties in Germany from 1990 until 2009. Our results show that German subnational parties that are powerful in the second parliamentary chamber (Bundesrat) are particularly successful in shaping the manifesto of their national party. The findings have important implications for our understanding of intra-party politics and position formation within political parties in Germany more specifically and federalist countries more generally.

Published
2016
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