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Ayahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian plant brew. It is usually made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (Spruce ex Griseb. Morton, Malpighiaceae), which contains three primary harmala alkaloids, along with the leaves of Psychotria viridis (Ruiz et Pavon, Rubiaceae) in which the potent psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is found. DMT-harmaloid concoctions have gained popularity in recent years, due to growing anecdotal and scientific reports of therapeutic benefits associated with their consumption. Ayahuasca is now ingested in a variety of different settings across the globe, from traditional ethnobotanical to so called "neo-shamanic" ceremonies. Furthermore, related preparations involving alternative sources of DMT and harmala alkaloids are becoming increasingly common as knowledge of ayahuasca continues to spread internationally. This article reviews the existing literature and draws on original qualitative data from a large cross-sectional study of ayahuasca drinkers, to propose a model of psychotherapeutic processes associated with the consumption of ayahuasca. We assert that it is these processes, facilitated by a range of neurobiological effects, that lead to beneficial mental health and wellbeing outcomes. Our proposed model identifies five key psychotherapeutic processes or effects inherent to the ayahuasca experience; somatic effects; introspection and emotional processing; increased Self-connection; increased spiritual connection, and finally the gaining of insights and new perspectives. We note some important differences in these processes compared with other classic psychedelics as well as the implications of the model for the therapeutic use of ayahuasca. Improved understanding of the psychotherapeutic processes involved with the ayahuasca experience will better equip practitioners to work with this potentially transformative concoction and enable the optimization of therapeutic treatment models for potential clinical use.

Nursing and midwifery informatics position statements are important to guide and inform our workforce. Australasian position statements have been developed to establish the place of nursing and midwifery informatics in the health system and progress the development of senior roles.

Background/Objectives: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) concomitant with weight loss is a recommended treatment approach for adults with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity. This requires multiple synchronous behaviour changes. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-month lifestyle intervention and to determine whether the timing of starting a weight loss attempt affects weight change and trajectory after 12 months in adults newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and treated at home with overnight CPAP. Method(s): Using a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised to commence a six-month lifestyle intervention between one and six-months post-enrolment, with a 12-month overall follow-up. Adults (n = 60, 75% males, mean age 49.4 SD 10.74 years) newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and above a healthy weight (mean BMI 34.1 SD 4.8) were recruited. Result(s): After 12 months, exposure to the intervention (CPAP and lifestyle) resulted in a 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6 to 4.8, p < 0.001) kg loss of weight compared to the control condition (CPAP alone). Timing of the weight loss attempt made no difference to outcomes at 12 months. When exposed to CPAP only (control period) there was no change in body weight (Coef, [95% CI] 0.03, [-0.3 to 0.36], p = 0.86). Conclusion(s): The lifestyle intervention resulted in a modest reduction in body weight, while timing of commencement did not impact the degree of weight loss at 12 months. These findings support the recommendation of adjunctive weight-loss interventions within six-months of starting CPAP.Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).

As children’s use of screens increased during the COVID pandemic, their reading of traditional books was affected, a national survey of Australian parents shows. The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Melbourne to compare young people’s use of screens and books in the pandemic. Their online survey of 513 primary caregivers of children aged seven to thirteen around Australia showed that tablet use flourished during the pandemic and that COVID lockdowns influenced book buying and library borrowing in consequential ways for publishing and literature. Many parents believed their children’s use of screens had come at the expense of book reading.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) concomitant with weight loss is a recommended treatment approach for adults with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity. This requires multiple synchronous behaviour changes. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-month lifestyle intervention and to determine whether the timing of starting a weight loss attempt affects weight change and trajectory after 12 months in adults newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and treated at home with overnight CPAP. METHODS: Using a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised to commence a six-month lifestyle intervention between one and six-months post-enrolment, with a 12-month overall follow-up. Adults (n = 60, 75% males, mean age 49.4 SD 10.74 years) newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and above a healthy weight (mean BMI 34.1 SD 4.8) were recruited. RESULTS: After 12 months, exposure to the intervention (CPAP and lifestyle) resulted in a 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6 to 4.8, p < 0.001) kg loss of weight compared to the control condition (CPAP alone). Timing of the weight loss attempt made no difference to outcomes at 12 months. When exposed to CPAP only (control period) there was no change in body weight (Coef, [95% CI] 0.03, [-0.3 to 0.36], p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle intervention resulted in a modest reduction in body weight, while timing of commencement did not impact the degree of weight loss at 12 months. These findings support the recommendation of adjunctive weight-loss interventions within six-months of starting CPAP.

Background and objectives: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have shown promise as a tissue sensitive to subtle and possibly systemic transcriptomic changes, and as such may be useful in identifying responses to weight loss interventions. The primary aim was to comprehensively evaluate the transcriptomic changes that may occur during weight loss and to determine if there is a consistent response across intervention types in human populations of all ages. Method(s): Included studies were randomised control trials or cohort studies that administered an intervention primarily designed to decrease weight in any overweight or obese human population. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to obtain studies and gene expression databases were interrogated to locate corresponding transcriptomic datasets. Datasets were normalised using the ArrayAnalysis online tool and differential gene expression was determined using the limma package in R. Over-represented pathways were explored using the PathVisio software. Heatmaps and hierarchical clustering were utilised to visualise gene expression. Result(s): Seven papers met the inclusion criteria, five of which had raw gene expression data available. Of these, three could be grouped into high responders (HR, >= 5% body weight loss) and low responders (LR). No genes were consistently differentially expressed between high and low responders across studies. Adolescents had the largest transcriptomic response to weight loss followed by adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Seven pathways were altered in two out of four studies following the intervention and the pathway 'cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins' (WikiPathways: WP477) was altered between HR and LR at baseline in the two datasets with both groups. Pathways related to 'toll-like receptor signalling' were altered in HR response to the weight loss intervention in two out of three datasets. Conclusion(s): Transcriptomic changes in PBMCs do occur in response to we

Background and objectives: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have shown promise as a tissue sensitive to subtle and possibly systemic transcriptomic changes, and as such may be useful in identifying responses to weight loss interventions. The primary aim was to comprehensively evaluate the transcriptomic changes that may occur during weight loss and to determine if there is a consistent response across intervention types in human populations of all ages. Method(s): Included studies were randomised control trials or cohort studies that administered an intervention primarily designed to decrease weight in any overweight or obese human population. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to obtain studies and gene expression databases were interrogated to locate corresponding transcriptomic datasets. Datasets were normalised using the ArrayAnalysis online tool and differential gene expression was determined using the limma package in R. Over-represented pathways were explored using the PathVisio software. Heatmaps and hierarchical clustering were utilised to visualise gene expression. Result(s): Seven papers met the inclusion criteria, five of which had raw gene expression data available. Of these, three could be grouped into high responders (HR, >= 5% body weight loss) and low responders (LR). No genes were consistently differentially expressed between high and low responders across studies. Adolescents had the largest transcriptomic response to weight loss followed by adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Seven pathways were altered in two out of four studies following the intervention and the pathway 'cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins' (WikiPathways: WP477) was altered between HR and LR at baseline in the two datasets with both groups. Pathways related to 'toll-like receptor signalling' were altered in HR response to the weight loss intervention in two out of three datasets. Conclusion(s): Transcriptomic changes in PBMCs do occur in response to we

There is a complex relationship between home and work for people with a disability that is not reflected in the many policies and legislative frameworks that apply to housing in Australia. These include Commonwealth housing policy (largely financial in nature), the Building Code of Australia, and Home Modification Schemes run through the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Much current policy settings assume housing as a passive economic generator – a financial asset that appreciates and gains value over time. However, for many people with disability, the home is a place of active economic activity, both by the person with disability (working from home) and for them, as external workers come into the home to provide services that support their activities of daily life. This complicates the spaces within dwellings, particularly in terms of public and private space, which effects personal and professional places. The policy and legislative disconnect is reflected in housing design which manifests in a structural inequality – homes are not accessible, and a social inequality – homes do not support work or socializing. This paper reviews the policy and legislation used to support appropriate design recognising the role of the home as a location that blends elements of privacy, work, and socialising, while also providing the physical support so people can work and socialize in the community as full citizens. The aim of the ongoing research is to show how change and innovation to the legislative frameworks and the role that AECM consultants can play in improving the wellbeing of people who live with disability.

A meeting of architects in Melbourne at a popular comedy venue in 1978, ended in disarray. It should be no surprise, after all John Pinder’s Collingwood venue, which opened in 1976, was called, “The Last Laugh Theatre Restaurant and Zoo.” There were fisticuffs, yelling, hoodlum activity, violence, and a huge amount of drunkenness. The meeting was to establish an alternative to the conservative RAIA from outside the organisation rather than within. But mayhem developed, probably in part due to there being no set agenda, and the event came to be inscribed in the mythologies of Melbourne architecture and culture as yet another failed uprising by a troublesome underbelly. Using material gained from public and private archives, as well as interviews, this paper traces the trajectories of this event. This event is important in Australian architecture as Melbourne architects processed the ideals of the Whitlam project (1972–75). Moreover, the meeting at the Last Laugh signifies the emergence in architectural discourse of a larrikinism, as Australian architects embraced post-modernism seeking to counter a patrician and cringe-worthy recent history.

Australian readers have a thirst for non-fiction books. A growing preference for autobiographies and biographies, true stories and criticism, investigative journalism and narrative journalism (Thompson, 2017, p. 204) showcases a trend towards “real” content that piques readers’ curiosity and offers deeper insight into the lives of public persons, and sometimes a perspective that might otherwise be considered private. But writing the tell-all or exposé is not without consequences, particularly with Australia’s defamation laws notorious for casting a “chilling effect” on freedom of speech (Dent and Kenyon, 2004, p. 3; Amponsah, 2005, p. 1) by regarding reputation above publications with a public interest element. This paper explores non-fiction trade book publishing alongside a contemporary construction of reputation and argues that in Australia “reputational interests” (Partlett, 2016, p. 67) in defamation law have created a practice of implicit censorship through legalling manuscripts, avoiding publication entirely, or even intercepting book distribution. In comparing the Australian legal framework with recent UK developments, this paper also asks if law reform can correct the balance between reputation and freedom of speech, thereby allowing authors more autonomy and allowing literary culture to thrive in the contemporary Australian publishing landscape.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have shown promise as a tissue sensitive to subtle and possibly systemic transcriptomic changes, and as such may be useful in identifying responses to weight loss interventions. The primary aim was to comprehensively evaluate the transcriptomic changes that may occur during weight loss and to determine if there is a consistent response across intervention types in human populations of all ages. METHODS: Included studies were randomised control trials or cohort studies that administered an intervention primarily designed to decrease weight in any overweight or obese human population. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to obtain studies and gene expression databases were interrogated to locate corresponding transcriptomic datasets. Datasets were normalised using the ArrayAnalysis online tool and differential gene expression was determined using the limma package in R. Over-represented pathways were explored using the PathVisio software. Heatmaps and hierarchical clustering were utilised to visualise gene expression. RESULTS: Seven papers met the inclusion criteria, five of which had raw gene expression data available. Of these, three could be grouped into high responders (HR, ≥ 5% body weight loss) and low responders (LR). No genes were consistently differentially expressed between high and low responders across studies. Adolescents had the largest transcriptomic response to weight loss followed by adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Seven pathways were altered in two out of four studies following the intervention and the pathway 'cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins' (WikiPathways: WP477) was altered between HR and LR at baseline in the two datasets with both groups. Pathways related to 'toll-like receptor signalling' were altered in HR response to the weight loss intervention in two out of three datasets. CONCLUSIONS: Transcriptomic changes in PBMCs do occur in response to weight ch

Architect Norman Day has been integral to shaping Melbourne’s built work since the early 1970s through built work, exhibitions, writing, and teaching. The representation of architecture through the written word of Norman Day revisits the role of the ‘Architectural Critic' through a contemporary lens to assess the implication it made on the Australian built environment. Having worked in Robin Boyd's office, Day was also the architectural commentator for The Age—Melbourne’s daily newspaper—from 1976-2011, where he contributed over 500 articles. During this time, he was Australia’s pre-eminent architectural critic also working with ABCTV and the Sydney Morning Herald. He was awarded the Bates Smart Award for Architecture in the Media in 2004. This research was conducted as archival work of the written word in a variety of publications, mainly newspaper but also in books and magazine articles. The analysis of these articles results in a grouped based content analysis referencing projects, themes, and chronology. Days main projects during this time are positioned alongside his public criticism. Several interviews were also undertaken with Norman Day. Not dissimilar to Robin Boyd, it will be argued that Day’s architectural journalism as simultaneously making the activity of the architect accessible to the public, while communicating to architects globally the philosophies and methodologies at that moment in time. However, Day’s critiques, mode of criticisms and engagement with media were quite different from Boyd's.

As cities went into lockdown in response to COVID-19, for many, the role of the home in everyday life expanded. Activities that would normally occur at another venue, including work, study, recreation, and health appointments, were reconfigured to be done in the home. Among the legacies from this experience is a clearer understanding of the spatial and phenomenological quality of the spaces in which we live. Housing design already assigns private and public areas within dwellings, such as bedrooms and living rooms, but these are often rigidly defined and largely inflexible for alternative uses. Research on designing housing suitable for people with cognitive disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (such as a 'sensory design' approach, where it is necessary to move beyond public vs private, and recognise other dicotisms, light/ dark, warm/cool, loud/quiet, hard/soft, work/rest, and so on, and the transition between modes), may provide lessons for more general COVID-normal housing design. This study analyses three case studies of residential accommodation for people with ASD as opportunities for developing more responsive housing that can adapt to the demand for a greater range of activities to be fulfilled in the home.

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has engendered changes in previously unimaginable timeframes, leading to new ways of working, which can quickly become the “ordinary” way of working. Many traditional workplace and educational practices and environments, however, are disadvantageous to people with disability and consequently are under-represented in the workforce and higher education. Design/methodology/approach Contributing factors include exclusionary societal and employer attitudes and inaccessible built environments including lack of attention to paths of travel, amenities, acoustics, lighting and temperature. Social exclusion resulting from lack of access to meaningful work is also problematic. COVID-19 has accelerated the incidence of working and studying from home, but the home environment of many people with disability may not be suitable in terms of space, privacy, technology access and connection to the wider community. Findings However, remote and flexible working arrangements may hold opportunities for enhancing work participation of people with disabilities. Instigating systemic conditions that will empower people with disability to take full advantage of ordinary working trajectories is key. As the current global experiment in modified work and study practices has shown, structural, organisational and design norms need to change. The future of work and study is almost certainly more work and study from home. An expanded understanding of people with disabilities lived experience of the built environment encompassing opportunities for work, study and socialisation from home and the neighbourhood would more closely align with the UNCRPD's emphasis on full citizenship. Originality/value This paper examines what is currently missing in the development of a distributed work and study place continuum that includes traditional workplaces and campuses, local neighbourhood hubs and homes.

The utilitarian underpinnings of Australian copyright law create a tension between the publishing contract as a sanction and an ideology. The sanctioning properties of the contract focus on its utilitarian qualities, which encompass financial return to which the publisher is most attuned. In contrast, the ideological properties of the contract are initially of most importance to the author because the contract can be seen as an endorsement of the work and as a gesture of support from the publisher. The perception that this tension can be negotiated (Simensky et al. 2003, 152) has proven problematic, particularly when balancing financial and legal interests within the highly subjective territory of cultural production. Because of their economic power and their crucial role in traditional book production, publishers have been criticised for dictating the contract’s terms and tailoring it towards the pecuniary rights of the author (Alexander 2010, 23). But industry developments have also forced publishers to reassess their position in the contemporary publishing field and approach this legally binding transaction anew. Likewise, a changing landscape for both publishers and writers has potentially shifted perceptions of what the publishing contract represents for each. This dissertation argues that the contract is a cultural artefact capable of reflecting the industry’s changing landscape and proving to be flexible within this landscape. Additionally, the larger framework of relational contract theory provides possibilities for future publishing negotiations post contract, and a unique investigation of the author–publisher relationship. Drawing on the disciplines of cultural studies, law, publishing studies and cultural sociology, this dissertation captures the perspectives of publishing professionals and authors within publishing negotiations and presents the editor as being fundamental to the formation and application of contractual terms in the post negotiation space

Background: Intermittent energy restriction (IER) has shown early success in adolescents with obesity, however efficacy trials are needed. This study aims to determine if IER results in lower body mass index (BMI) z-score after 52 weeks in metabolically unhealthy adolescents with obesity compared with continuous energy restriction (CER). Methods/design: This is a prospective, randomised, multi-centre trial conducted in tertiary care settings, with three phases: jumpstart (weeks 0-4); intensive intervention (weeks 5-16); continued intervention and/or maintenance (weeks 17-52). During the jumpstart phase, all participants follow a very low energy diet (~800 kcal/3350 kJ/day), then transition to their allocated intervention: IER or CER. IER involves three energy-restricted days/week, consuming one-third of daily energy requirements (~600-700 kcal/2500-2950 kJ/day), and four days/week of a healthy meal plan. The CER, which is current standard care, has individually tailored energy prescription based on age and sex (13-14 years, 1430-1670 kcal/6000-7000 kJ/day; 15-17 years, 1670-1900 kcal/7000-8000 kJ/day). The study will recruit 186 (93 per arm) treatment-seeking adolescents aged 13-17 years with obesity and at least one metabolic co-morbidity. The primary outcome is change in BMI z-score at 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes are changes at 4, 16 and 52 weeks in: body composition; diet quality, food choices and food patterns; cardio-metabolic risk factors; physical activity and sedentary behaviour; sleep and psycho-behavioural measures. Discussion(s): This study challenges existing clinical paradigms that CER is the only method for weight management in metabolically unhealthy adolescents. If successful, IER may offer an alternate medical nutrition therapy approach for those seeking treatment in tertiary settings. Clinical trial registration number: ACTRN12617001630303.Copyright © 2019

Background: Intermittent energy restriction (IER) has shown early success in adolescents with obesity, however efficacy trials are needed. This study aims to determine if IER results in lower body mass index (BMI) z-score after 52 weeks in metabolically unhealthy adolescents with obesity compared with continuous energy restriction (CER). Methods/design: This is a prospective, randomised, multi-centre trial conducted in tertiary care settings, with three phases: jumpstart (weeks 0-4); intensive intervention (weeks 5-16); continued intervention and/or maintenance (weeks 17-52). During the jumpstart phase, all participants follow a very low energy diet (~800 kcal/3350 kJ/day), then transition to their allocated intervention: IER or CER. IER involves three energy-restricted days/week, consuming one-third of daily energy requirements (~600-700 kcal/2500-2950 kJ/day), and four days/week of a healthy meal plan. The CER, which is current standard care, has individually tailored energy prescription based on age and sex (13-14 years, 1430-1670 kcal/6000-7000 kJ/day; 15-17 years, 1670-1900 kcal/7000-8000 kJ/day). The study will recruit 186 (93 per arm) treatment-seeking adolescents aged 13-17 years with obesity and at least one metabolic co-morbidity. The primary outcome is change in BMI z-score at 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes are changes at 4, 16 and 52 weeks in: body composition; diet quality, food choices and food patterns; cardio-metabolic risk factors; physical activity and sedentary behaviour; sleep and psycho-behavioural measures. Discussion(s): This study challenges existing clinical paradigms that CER is the only method for weight management in metabolically unhealthy adolescents. If successful, IER may offer an alternate medical nutrition therapy approach for those seeking treatment in tertiary settings. Clinical trial registration number: ACTRN12617001630303.Copyright © 2019

Wine is an experience. It engages all of our senses. Before we even taste wine we hold the bottle, admire the label, listen to it being poured in the glass, assess the colour and texture of the wine, swirl it around the glass, smell it and finally taste it. However, human pleasure in the experience can be designed to go far beyond the value of simply drinking the wine. What about the journey the wine has taken to reach you? Who made it, and why? Who else is drinking it now? Why does it taste the way it does? The social, cultural and scientific aspects of wine making, marketing and drinking offer opportunities for designers and HCI researchers to enhance the user experience of wine. This workshop offers academics and practitioners interested in designing wine futures, to chance to envision new experiences, products and services. Through participative design activities we will explore ways for design and technology to push our knowledge and craft into this unexplored applied research area.

IN NOVEMBER 2016, THE AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTIVITY COMMISSION (PC) RELEASED A report proposing a ‘fair use exception to replace the current system of fair dealing exceptions’ (ACC 1) in the Australian Copyright Act 1968. The Commission’s recommendation supported the Australian Legal Reform Commission’s (ALRC) findings in its 2013 report ‘Copyright and the Digital Economy’, which stated that a flexible fair use provision would ‘“enable the Act to adapt to changing technologies and uses without the need for legislative intervention”’ (ALRC 95). In the event that a fair use exception is not viable, the ALRC also proposed an alternative ‘new fair dealing’ exception, to broaden the doctrine’s purposes for educational institutions and commercial organisations

Following on from the previous chapter, this chapter reviews social psychological and sociological work that has sought to unpick how culturally shared ideology produces classed identities to discriminate and minimise the space for collective, class-based resistance. In detail, we will argue that socially-located derogatory discourses are commonly reproduced in everyday life, how explicit discourse in relation to social class is often unavailable or avoided and how such socially produced classism can produce an uncomfortable emotional realm. Despite this, we will review empirical research that has demonstrated how working-class people sometimes can and do negotiate more positive identity positions for themselves and each other in a variety of everyday contexts and situations.

This chapter aims, first, to scrutinise contemporary research and theory within mainstream psychology around social class and, second, to analyse the interrelationship with this and the history of the psychology of social class. We will identify a selection of ways in which the discipline of psychology has researched, theorised and practiced social class and how these have accounted for where we are now. We will also consider arguments that the ‘psy’ disciplines have a ‘horrible’ history where psychological accounts have enabled notions of class oppression, poverty and inequality to be an ‘absent present’. Last, we will review some examples of mainstream psychological work on social class that has questioned social conditions and practices and explore how these may contribute to class-related psychologies.

This chapter aims, first, to scrutinise contemporary research and theory within mainstream psychology around social class and, second, to analyse the interrelationship with this and the history of the psychology of social class. We will identify a selection of ways in which the discipline of psychology has researched, theorised and practiced social class and how these have accounted for where we are now. We will also consider arguments that the ‘psy’ disciplines have a ‘horrible’ history where psychological accounts have enabled notions of class oppression, poverty and inequality to be an ‘absent present’. Last, we will review some examples of mainstream psychological work on social class that has questioned social conditions and practices and explore how these may contribute to class-related psychologies.

Following on from the previous chapter, this chapter reviews social psychological and sociological work that has sought to unpick how culturally shared ideology produces classed identities to discriminate and minimise the space for collective, class-based resistance. In detail, we will argue that socially-located derogatory discourses are commonly reproduced in everyday life, how explicit discourse in relation to social class is often unavailable or avoided and how such socially produced classism can produce an uncomfortable emotional realm. Despite this, we will review empirical research that has demonstrated how working-class people sometimes can and do negotiate more positive identity positions for themselves and each other in a variety of everyday contexts and situations.

BACKGROUND: The majority of adults diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are overweight or obese. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most common effective therapy for OSA. However, adherence declines over time with only 50% of patients prescribed CPAP continuing to use it long term. Furthermore, a recent prospective analysis indicated that those more adherent with CPAP therapy have enhanced weight gain trajectories which in turn may negatively impact their OSA. AIM: The Sleeping Well Trial aims to establish whether the timing of starting a lifestyle weight loss intervention impacts on weight trajectory in those with moderate-severe OSA treated at home with CPAP, while testing the potential for smart phone technology to improve adherence with lifestyle interventions. METHOD(S): A stepped wedge design with randomisation of individuals from 1 to 6 months post-enrolment, with 5 months of additional prospective follow up after completion of the stepped wedge. This design will investigate the effect of the 6-month lifestyle intervention on people undergoing CPAP on body weight, body composition and health-related quality of life. DISCUSSION: This trial tests whether the timing of supporting the patient through a weight loss intervention is important in obtaining the maximum benefit of a lifestyle change and CPAP usage, and identify how best to support patients through this critical period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol (v1) is registered prospectively with the International Clinical Trials Registry (CTR) ACTRN12616000203459 (public access). Any amendments to protocol will be documented via the CTR. Recruitment commenced in March 2016 with data collection scheduled to finish by May 2018.Copyright © 2018 Dietitians Association of Australia.

BACKGROUND: The majority of adults diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are overweight or obese. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most common effective therapy for OSA. However, adherence declines over time with only 50% of patients prescribed CPAP continuing to use it long term. Furthermore, a recent prospective analysis indicated that those more adherent with CPAP therapy have enhanced weight gain trajectories which in turn may negatively impact their OSA. AIM: The Sleeping Well Trial aims to establish whether the timing of starting a lifestyle weight loss intervention impacts on weight trajectory in those with moderate-severe OSA treated at home with CPAP, while testing the potential for smart phone technology to improve adherence with lifestyle interventions. METHOD(S): A stepped wedge design with randomisation of individuals from 1 to 6 months post-enrolment, with 5 months of additional prospective follow up after completion of the stepped wedge. This design will investigate the effect of the 6-month lifestyle intervention on people undergoing CPAP on body weight, body composition and health-related quality of life. DISCUSSION: This trial tests whether the timing of supporting the patient through a weight loss intervention is important in obtaining the maximum benefit of a lifestyle change and CPAP usage, and identify how best to support patients through this critical period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol (v1) is registered prospectively with the International Clinical Trials Registry (CTR) ACTRN12616000203459 (public access). Any amendments to protocol will be documented via the CTR. Recruitment commenced in March 2016 with data collection scheduled to finish by May 2018.Copyright © 2018 Dietitians Association of Australia.

This collection of essays draws together contributions from established and emerging scholars and industry practitioners to explore contemporary Australian publishing's relationship to the past.

In descriptions of digital health the role of human agency and the work of managing and governing health information and communication technology is often invisible. This paper reports preliminary results of a scoping review of the literature and a national workforce census, undertaken as part of a research program to shed light on the responsibilities and the contributions of the health information workforce. The global literature is not a good indicator of the actual proportion of health informaticians, health information managers, health librarians or other health professionals who are engaged in health information work in Australia. While the research interest in health information work of all descriptions is increasing, the practice of health information work is neither highly skilled nor easily identifiable in findings of an Australian census. Reforming this workforce may be a key to translating digital health rhetoric into measurable improvements in health system performance.

Background The majority of adults diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are overweight or obese. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most common effective therapy for OSA. However, adherence declines over time with only 50% of patients prescribed CPAP continuing to use it long term. Furthermore, a recent prospective analysis indicated that those more adherent with CPAP therapy have enhanced weight gain trajectories which in turn may negatively impact their OSA. Aim The Sleeping Well Trial aims to establish whether the timing of starting a lifestyle weight loss intervention impacts on weight trajectory in those with moderate–severe OSA treated at home with CPAP, while testing the potential for smart phone technology to improve adherence with lifestyle interventions. Methods A stepped wedge design with randomisation of individuals from 1 to 6 months post-enrolment, with 5 months of additional prospective follow up after completion of the stepped wedge. This design will investigate the effect of the 6-month lifestyle intervention on people undergoing CPAP on body weight, body composition and health-related quality of life. Discussion This trial tests whether the timing of supporting the patient through a weight loss intervention is important in obtaining the maximum benefit of a lifestyle change and CPAP usage, and identify how best to support patients through this critical period. Trial Registration The protocol (v1) is registered prospectively with the International Clinical Trials Registry (CTR) ACTRN12616000203459 (public access). Any amendments to protocol will be documented via the CTR. Recruitment commenced in March 2016 with data collection scheduled to finish by May 2018.

In a cultural climate of “intensive parenting” and concerns about the “obesity epidemic,” parents are expected to take responsibility for their children's health, particularly through the provision of a “healthy” diet. This study involved intergenerational dyad interviews with both middle‐class and working‐class mothers and daughters from the United Kingdom. Analysing the data using discourse analysis informed by feminist poststructuralist theory, we found that mothers were positioned as having prime responsibility for the nurturing of family members, including the provision of a healthy diet. However, providing a healthy diet alone was insufficient; mothers needed to demonstrate that time and effort had been taken in the preparation of meals using fresh ingredients. Those who failed to do so were positioned as “lazy,” thus inviting the blaming of mothers for any current or future health problems encountered by family members (especially children). However, talk from some of the working‐class mothers pointed to the unattainable and “classed” ideals that are set by such cultural expectations.

The media is a potent source of information and meanings where the unfamiliar and uncertain is concerned, this includes medical professionals. So portrayals of conditions such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) are worthy of exploration in that they inform public and professional understandings. In the study reported here, we explore representations of CFS/ME within UK print media (1998-2015) using thematic analysis informed by a constructionist feminist perspective. We found that portrayals of CFS/ME differs meaningfully, depending on whether the sufferer is identified as a man or a woman. More specifically, the psychological and emotional tended to be foregrounded where women were concerned and the scepticism surrounding CFS/ME as a ‘non disease’ was much more evident. On some occasions this was dealt with directly, whilst on others it was ‘leaked in’ or hinted at. This serves to delegitimise the illness in women. In contrast, the physical was usually foregrounded in the case of men suffering from the condition and their experiences were accredited greater legitimacy. We problematize these representations and discuss the potential impact upon public and professional sympathy, treatment options and long-standing, gendered constructions of illness.

In a cultural climate of “intensive parenting” and concerns about the “obesity epidemic,” parents are expected to take responsibility for their children's health, particularly through the provision of a “healthy” diet. This study involved intergenerational dyad interviews with both middle‐class and working‐class mothers and daughters from the United Kingdom. Analysing the data using discourse analysis informed by feminist poststructuralist theory, we found that mothers were positioned as having prime responsibility for the nurturing of family members, including the provision of a healthy diet. However, providing a healthy diet alone was insufficient; mothers needed to demonstrate that time and effort had been taken in the preparation of meals using fresh ingredients. Those who failed to do so were positioned as “lazy,” thus inviting the blaming of mothers for any current or future health problems encountered by family members (especially children). However, talk from some of the working‐class mothers pointed to the unattainable and “classed” ideals that are set by such cultural expectations.

The media is a potent source of information and meanings where the unfamiliar and uncertain is concerned, this includes medical professionals. So portrayals of conditions such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) are worthy of exploration in that they inform public and professional understandings. In the study reported here, we explore representations of CFS/ME within UK print media (1998-2015) using thematic analysis informed by a constructionist feminist perspective. We found that portrayals of CFS/ME differs meaningfully, depending on whether the sufferer is identified as a man or a woman. More specifically, the psychological and emotional tended to be foregrounded where women were concerned and the scepticism surrounding CFS/ME as a ‘non disease’ was much more evident. On some occasions this was dealt with directly, whilst on others it was ‘leaked in’ or hinted at. This serves to delegitimise the illness in women. In contrast, the physical was usually foregrounded in the case of men suffering from the condition and their experiences were accredited greater legitimacy. We problematize these representations and discuss the potential impact upon public and professional sympathy, treatment options and long-standing, gendered constructions of illness.

Lissencephaly comprises a spectrum of brain malformations due to impaired neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex. Classical lissencephaly is characterized by smooth cerebral surface and cortical thickening that result in seizures, severe neurological impairment and developmental delay. Mutations in the X-chromosomal gene DCX, encoding doublecortin, is the main cause of classical lissencephaly. Much of our knowledge about DCX-associated lissencephaly comes from post-mortem analyses of patient's brains, mainly since animal models with DCX mutations do not mimic the disease. In the absence of relevant animal models and patient brain specimens, we took advantage of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to model the disease. We established human iPSCs from two males with mutated DCX and classical lissencephaly including smooth brain and abnormal cortical morphology. The disease was recapitulated by differentiation of iPSC into neural cells followed by expression profiling and dissection of DCX-associated functions. Here we show that neural stem cells, with absent or reduced DCX protein expression, exhibit impaired migration, delayed differentiation and deficient neurite formation. Hence, the patient-derived iPSCs and neural stem cells provide a system to further unravel the functions of DCX in normal development and disease.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 19 September 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.175.

Robin Boyd’s Neptune’s Fishbowl in South Yarra (1970) was his last building. At the time it attracted thunderous criticism, based on public and professional misunderstanding by those who thought Australia’s major critic of ‘Featurism’ in architecture, and a devout Modernist, had jumped ship to design what some dubbed the nation’s first Post-Modern building. But that was not the case, and I will argue a different view of that history by placing the building and relevant architectural literature of the period in context with Boyd’s design. This account is told from the point of view of that years of the design and construction of the building, dating from around 1969 to 1972. It reflects the currency of debate at the time surrounding Modernism, Post-Modernism, Boyd’s Featurism and notes the rise of the Venturis in America. In that period, there was no clear definition of a Post-Modern architecture, and the ‘death’ of Modernism would not be pronounced by Charles Jencks, albeit with tongue firmly located, until 1972 — but by 1972 the Fishbowl had been built, operating, and demolished.

The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and precision of body compartment measures, in particular visceral adipose tissue, in weight stable adults over a range of BMIs using GE-Lunar iDXA. Weight-stable participants aged 18⁻65 years had a total body composition scan on GE-Lunar iDXA either on three separate occasions over a three month period (n = 51), or on a single occasion for duplicate scans with repositioning (n = 30). The coefficient of variation (CV%) and least significant change (LSC) of body compartments were calculated. The CV was higher for all measures over three months (range 0.8⁻5.9%) compared with same-day precision-scans (all < 2%). The CV for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was considerably higher than all other body compartments (42.2% three months, 16.2% same day scanning). To accurately measure VAT mass using the GE iDXA it is recommended that participants have a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², or VAT mass > 500 g. Changes observed in VAT mass levels below 500 g should be interpreted with caution due to lack of precision and reliability. All other compartmental measures demonstrated good reliability, with less than 6% variation over three months.

Despite the proclamations of the media from the late 1980s onwards that feminism is ‘over’ and that we were living in a postfeminist era of gender equality1, many commentators argue that there has been a more recent, resurgent interest in feminism in the UK2. This ‘fourth-wave’ has been characterised by growing numbers of new feminist organisations, online communities and activist campaigns3. However, to date, there is a lack of critical work on this ‘fourth-wave’4. This article aims to address this. We consider some contemporary trends within feminist theory and activism and scrutinise some of the socio-cultural, historical and political changes that have given rise to these. We also lend our own thoughts as to whether more recent developments are something to celebrate, for example, as arguably constituting progress from previous ‘waves’, or whether these should be a cause for concern. In particular, we examine the encroachment of neo-liberal values on feminism, the role of technology, intersectionality and so-called ‘identity politics’. We conclude by considering what the major challenges and questions facing feminists now are and what the goals of the feminist movement should be.

By focusing on discourses within the ‘cultural economy’ of reality TV, the following considers the wider positioning of waged labor as essential for mental health during a period of austerity. The findings suggest that discourses of mental health and wellbeing construct figures of a ‘good’ welfare-recipient as one who achieves wellbeing through distancing themselves from the welfare state and progress toward waged work. Framed within the landscape of ‘psycho-politics’, wellbeing and unemployment are arguably entangled to legitimize current welfare policy, placing responsibility on individuals for economic and health security and dissolving concerns over austerity’s systemic impact.

The Internet is a space where the harassment of women and marginalised groups online has attracted the attention of both academic and popular press. Feminist research has found that instances of online sexism and harassment are often reframed as “acceptable” by constructing them as a form of humour. Following this earlier research, this present paper explores a uniquely technologically-bound type of humour by adopting a feminist, social-constructionist approach to examine the content of popular Internet memes. Using thematic analysis on a sample of 240 image macro Internet memes (those featuring an image with a text caption overlaid), we identified two broad, overarching themes – Technological Privilege and Others. Within the analysis presented here, complex and troubling constructions of gendered identity in online humour are explored, illustrating the potential for the othering and exclusion of women through humour in technological spaces. We argue that this new iteration of heteronormative, hegemonic masculinity in online sexism, couched in “irony” and “joking”, serves to police, regulate and create rightful occupants and owners of such spaces.

Despite the proclamations of the media from the late 1980s onwards that feminism is ‘over’ and that we were living in a postfeminist era of gender equality1, many commentators argue that there has been a more recent, resurgent interest in feminism in the UK2. This ‘fourth-wave’ has been characterised by growing numbers of new feminist organisations, online communities and activist campaigns3. However, to date, there is a lack of critical work on this ‘fourth-wave’4. This article aims to address this. We consider some contemporary trends within feminist theory and activism and scrutinise some of the socio-cultural, historical and political changes that have given rise to these. We also lend our own thoughts as to whether more recent developments are something to celebrate, for example, as arguably constituting progress from previous ‘waves’, or whether these should be a cause for concern. In particular, we examine the encroachment of neo-liberal values on feminism, the role of technology, intersectionality and so-called ‘identity politics’. We conclude by considering what the major challenges and questions facing feminists now are and what the goals of the feminist movement should be.

By focusing on discourses within the ‘cultural economy’ of reality TV, the following considers the wider positioning of waged labor as essential for mental health during a period of austerity. The findings suggest that discourses of mental health and wellbeing construct figures of a ‘good’ welfare-recipient as one who achieves wellbeing through distancing themselves from the welfare state and progress toward waged work. Framed within the landscape of ‘psycho-politics’, wellbeing and unemployment are arguably entangled to legitimize current welfare policy, placing responsibility on individuals for economic and health security and dissolving concerns over austerity’s systemic impact.

The Internet is a space where the harassment of women and marginalised groups online has attracted the attention of both academic and popular press. Feminist research has found that instances of online sexism and harassment are often reframed as “acceptable” by constructing them as a form of humour. Following this earlier research, this present paper explores a uniquely technologically-bound type of humour by adopting a feminist, social-constructionist approach to examine the content of popular Internet memes. Using thematic analysis on a sample of 240 image macro Internet memes (those featuring an image with a text caption overlaid), we identified two broad, overarching themes – Technological Privilege and Others. Within the analysis presented here, complex and troubling constructions of gendered identity in online humour are explored, illustrating the potential for the othering and exclusion of women through humour in technological spaces. We argue that this new iteration of heteronormative, hegemonic masculinity in online sexism, couched in “irony” and “joking”, serves to police, regulate and create rightful occupants and owners of such spaces.

Social psychologists have paid relatively little attention to class compared with scholars from other disciplines (e.g., sociology). This is a concern as class shapes nearly every aspect of human life and has a profoundly psychological dimension. This chapter critically reviews mainstream social psychological work on class, highlighting the general failure of this to problematise the class system of countries like Britain and the United States. It then moves on to discuss critical social psychological work on class and what this has offered those seeking to alleviate the problems caused by social and economic inequalities. Finally, the chapter reviews the current ‘state of play’ for critical scholarship in this area, considering future directions for this field of study.

Discourse analysis is a useful and flexible method for exploring power and identity. While there are many ways of doing discourse analysis, all agree that discourse is the central site of identity construction. However, recent feminist concerns over power, agency, and resistance have drawn attention to the absence of participants’ first-hand experiences within broad discursive accounts (Lafrance & McKenzie-Mohr, 2014; Saukko, 2008). For those with an interest in power relations, such as feminist researchers, this is a problematic silence which renders the personal functions of discourse invisible. In this paper, we argue that the ‘personal’ and ‘political’ are inextricable, and make a case for putting the ‘personal’ into broader discursive frameworks of understanding. Further, we assert that feminist research seeking to account for identity must much more explicitly aim to capture this interplay. To this end we argue that voice is the key site of meaning where this interplay can be captured, but that no clear analytical framework currently exists for producing such an account. In response, we propose Feminist Relational Discourse Analysis (FRDA) as a voice-centered analytical approach for engaging with experience and discourse in talk. We then set out clear guidance on how to do FRDA, as applied in the context of women working in UK policing. Finally, we conclude that by prioritizing voice, FRDA invites new and politicized feminist readings of power, agency, and resistance, where the voices of participants remain central to the discursive accounts of researchers.