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1. Magnitude and Uncertainty of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From North America Based on Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches: Informing Future Research and National Inventories

Author

Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, N., Thompson, Rona L., Canadell, Josep J.G., Davidson, Eric Aa, Nevison, Cynthia, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Shi, H., Pan, Shufen, Chang, J., Ciais, Phillipe, Dangal, Shree, Ito, Akihiko, Jackson, Robert B., Joos, Fortunat, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, Millet, Dylan D.B., Raymond, Peter A., Regnier, Pierre, Tubiello, Francesco Nicola, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Christopher C.J.L., Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, N., Thompson, Rona L., Canadell, Josep J.G., Davidson, Eric Aa, Nevison, Cynthia, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Shi, H., Pan, Shufen, Chang, J., Ciais, Phillipe, Dangal, Shree, Ito, Akihiko, Jackson, Robert B., Joos, Fortunat, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, Millet, Dylan D.B., Raymond, Peter A., Regnier, Pierre, Tubiello, Francesco Nicola, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Christopher C.J.L., Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhou, Feng

Abstract

We synthesized N2O emissions over North America using 17 bottom-up (BU) estimates from 1980–2016 and five top-down (TD) estimates from 1998 to 2016. The BU-based total emission shows a slight increase owing to U.S. agriculture, while no consistent trend is shown in TD estimates. During 2007–2016, North American N2O emissions are estimated at 1.7 (1.0–3.0) Tg N yr−1 (BU) and 1.3 (0.9–1.5) Tg N yr−1 (TD). Anthropogenic emissions were twice as large as natural fluxes from soil and water. Direct agricultural and industrial activities accounted for 68% of total anthropogenic emissions, 71% of which was contributed by the U.S. Our estimates of U.S. agricultural emissions are comparable to the EPA greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, which includes estimates from IPCC tier 1 (emission factor) and tier 3 (process-based modeling) approaches. Conversely, our estimated agricultural emissions for Canada and Mexico are twice as large as the respective national GHG inventories., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

2. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, undersc

Published
2020

3. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.

Published
2020

4. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.

Published
2020

5. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Published
2020

6. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G, Thompson, Rona L, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P, Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F, Buitenhuis, Erik T, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Dangal, Shree RS, Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W, Eyre, Bradley D, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B, Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K, Prinn, Ronald G, Raymond, Peter A, Ruiz, Daniel J, van der Werf, Guido R, Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F, Wells, Kelley C, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.

Published
2020

7. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Published
2020

8. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R. S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R. S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.

Published
2020
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9. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Geochemistry, Bio-, hydro-, and environmental geochemistry, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Published
2020

10. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R.S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, undersc

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R. S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric A., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael J., Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander F., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Dangal, Shree R. S., Dlugokencky, Edward, Elkins, James W., Eyre, Bradley D., Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul B., Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven G., Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks

Author

Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep J.G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander, Buitenhuis, Erik, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn, Dangal, Shree, Dlugokencky, Ed, Elkins, James, Eyre, Bradley, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven Gildas, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan D.B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir P.K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Christopher C.J.L., Yang, Jia, Yao, Yuanzhi, Tian, Hanqin, Xu, Rongting, Canadell, Josep J.G., Thompson, Rona L., Winiwarter, Wilfried, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Davidson, Eric, Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Prather, Michael, Regnier, Pierre, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Peters, Glen P., Shi, Hao, Tubiello, Francesco, Zaehle, Sönke, Zhou, Feng, Arneth, Almut, Battaglia, Gianna, Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Bouwman, Alexander, Buitenhuis, Erik, Chang, Jinfeng, Chipperfield, Martyn, Dangal, Shree, Dlugokencky, Ed, Elkins, James, Eyre, Bradley, Fu, Bojie, Hall, Bradley, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Krummel, Paul, Landolfi, Angela, Laruelle, Goulven Gildas, Lauerwald, Ronny, Li, Wei, Lienert, Sebastian, Maavara, Taylor, MacLeod, Michael, Millet, Dylan D.B., Olin, Stefan, Patra, Prabir P.K., Prinn, Ronald G., Raymond, Peter A., Ruiz, Daniel J., van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wang, Junjie, Weiss, Ray F., Wells, Kelley C., Wilson, Christopher C.J.L., Yang, Jia, and Yao, Yuanzhi

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

13. Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016

Author

Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, Shufen, Dangal, Shree R.S., Chen, Jian, Chang, Jinfeng, Lu, Yonglong, Skiba, Ute Maria, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zhang, Bowen, Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, Shufen, Dangal, Shree R.S., Chen, Jian, Chang, Jinfeng, Lu, Yonglong, Skiba, Ute Maria, Tubiello, Francesco N., and Zhang, Bowen

Abstract

Production and application to soils of manure excreta from livestock farming significantly perturb the global nutrient balance and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions that warm the earth's climate. Despite much attention paid to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and manure N applications to croplands, spatially explicit, continuous time-series datasets of manure and fertilizer N inputs on pastures and rangelands are lacking. We developed three global gridded datasets at a resolution of 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ for the period 1860–2016 (i.e., annual manure N deposition (by grazing animals) rate, synthetic N fertilizer and N manure application rates), by combining annual and 5 arcmin spatial data on pastures and rangelands with country-level statistics on livestock manure, mineral and chemical fertilizers, and land use information for cropland and permanent meadows and pastures. Based on the new data products, we estimated that total N inputs, the sum of manure N deposition, manure N application and fertilizer N application to pastures and rangelands, increased globally from 15 to 101 Tg N yr−1 during 1860–2016. In particular during the period 2000–2016, livestock manure N deposition accounted for 83 % of the total N inputs, whereas manure and fertilizer N application accounted 9 % and 8 %, respectively. At the regional scale, hotspots of manure N deposition remained largely similar during the period 1860–2016 (i.e., southern Asia, Africa and South America); however, hotspots of manure and fertilizer N application shifted from Europe to southern Asia in the early 21st century. The new three global datasets contribute to the filling of the previous data gaps of global and regional N inputs in pastures and rangelands, improving the abilities of ecosystem and earth system models to investigate the global impacts of N enrichment due to agriculture, in terms of associated greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability issues. Datasets are available at https://doi.

Published
2019

14. Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016

Author

Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, Shufen, Dangal, Shree R.S., Chen, Jian, Chang, Jinfeng, Lu, Yonglong, Skiba, Ute Maria, Tubiello, Francesco N., Zhang, Bowen, Xu, Rongting, Tian, Hanqin, Pan, Shufen, Dangal, Shree R.S., Chen, Jian, Chang, Jinfeng, Lu, Yonglong, Skiba, Ute Maria, Tubiello, Francesco N., and Zhang, Bowen

Abstract

Production and application to soils of manure excreta from livestock farming significantly perturb the global nutrient balance and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions that warm the earth's climate. Despite much attention paid to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and manure N applications to croplands, spatially explicit, continuous time-series datasets of manure and fertilizer N inputs on pastures and rangelands are lacking. We developed three global gridded datasets at a resolution of 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ for the period 1860–2016 (i.e., annual manure N deposition (by grazing animals) rate, synthetic N fertilizer and N manure application rates), by combining annual and 5 arcmin spatial data on pastures and rangelands with country-level statistics on livestock manure, mineral and chemical fertilizers, and land use information for cropland and permanent meadows and pastures. Based on the new data products, we estimated that total N inputs, the sum of manure N deposition, manure N application and fertilizer N application to pastures and rangelands, increased globally from 15 to 101 Tg N yr−1 during 1860–2016. In particular during the period 2000–2016, livestock manure N deposition accounted for 83 % of the total N inputs, whereas manure and fertilizer N application accounted 9 % and 8 %, respectively. At the regional scale, hotspots of manure N deposition remained largely similar during the period 1860–2016 (i.e., southern Asia, Africa and South America); however, hotspots of manure and fertilizer N application shifted from Europe to southern Asia in the early 21st century. The new three global datasets contribute to the filling of the previous data gaps of global and regional N inputs in pastures and rangelands, improving the abilities of ecosystem and earth system models to investigate the global impacts of N enrichment due to agriculture, in terms of associated greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability issues. Datasets are available at https://doi.

Published
2019

15. Nitrogen effect on carbon-water coupling in forests, grasslands, and shrublands in the arid western United States

Author

Felzer, Benjamin S., Cronin, Timothy W., Melillo, Jerry M., Kicklighter, David W., Schlosser, C. Adam, Dangal, Shree R. S., Felzer, Benjamin S., Cronin, Timothy W., Melillo, Jerry M., Kicklighter, David W., Schlosser, C. Adam, and Dangal, Shree R. S.

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): G03023, doi:10.1029/2010JG001621., As greenhouse gases, including CO2, accumulate in the atmosphere, the western United States is predicted to undergo large-scale climate warming and reduced summer precipitation in the coming decades. In this study we explore the role of these climate changes with elevated CO2 to determine the plant physiological response on primary productivity and associated feedbacks on evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff using a biogeochemistry model, TEM-Hydro, with downscaled climate data for the western United States from the NCAR CCSM3 A2 scenario. Net primary productivity increases by 32% in forests due to feedbacks between warmer temperatures and enhanced nitrogen mineralization but decreases in shrublands by 24% due to excessive drying and reduced nitrogen mineralization. Warming directly increases nitrogen mineralization rates but indirectly decreases them by reducing soil moisture, so the net effect is highly dependent on climatic conditions within each biome. Increased soil moisture resulting from larger water use efficiency from the elevated CO2 leads to more net nitrogen mineralization in forests, which reduces N-limiting conditions. The effect of CO2 on stomatal conductance is therefore enhanced because of its effect on reducing nitrogen limiting conditions. Runoff decreases over the 21st century by 22% in forests, 58% in grasslands, and 67% in shrublands due to the reduced precipitation in each region but is modulated by the plant-induced changes in ET. The role of moisture limitation is therefore a crucial regulator of nitrogen limitation, which determines the future productivity and water availability in the West., This study was funded by the Department of Energy, Basic Research and Modeling to Support Integrated Assessment, DE‐FG02‐08ERG64648.

Published
2011

16. Nitrogen effect on carbon-water coupling in forests, grasslands, and shrublands in the arid western United States

Author

Felzer, Benjamin S., Cronin, Timothy W., Melillo, Jerry M., Kicklighter, David W., Schlosser, C. Adam, Dangal, Shree R. S., Felzer, Benjamin S., Cronin, Timothy W., Melillo, Jerry M., Kicklighter, David W., Schlosser, C. Adam, and Dangal, Shree R. S.

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): G03023, doi:10.1029/2010JG001621., As greenhouse gases, including CO2, accumulate in the atmosphere, the western United States is predicted to undergo large-scale climate warming and reduced summer precipitation in the coming decades. In this study we explore the role of these climate changes with elevated CO2 to determine the plant physiological response on primary productivity and associated feedbacks on evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff using a biogeochemistry model, TEM-Hydro, with downscaled climate data for the western United States from the NCAR CCSM3 A2 scenario. Net primary productivity increases by 32% in forests due to feedbacks between warmer temperatures and enhanced nitrogen mineralization but decreases in shrublands by 24% due to excessive drying and reduced nitrogen mineralization. Warming directly increases nitrogen mineralization rates but indirectly decreases them by reducing soil moisture, so the net effect is highly dependent on climatic conditions within each biome. Increased soil moisture resulting from larger water use efficiency from the elevated CO2 leads to more net nitrogen mineralization in forests, which reduces N-limiting conditions. The effect of CO2 on stomatal conductance is therefore enhanced because of its effect on reducing nitrogen limiting conditions. Runoff decreases over the 21st century by 22% in forests, 58% in grasslands, and 67% in shrublands due to the reduced precipitation in each region but is modulated by the plant-induced changes in ET. The role of moisture limitation is therefore a crucial regulator of nitrogen limitation, which determines the future productivity and water availability in the West., This study was funded by the Department of Energy, Basic Research and Modeling to Support Integrated Assessment, DE‐FG02‐08ERG64648.

Published
2011

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