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Milk is a commonly consumed soft drink essential to many people's overall diet as it provides all crucial foods and micronutrients. Milk is considered valuable because it is synthesized before adolescence and adulthood. However, its relatively high soaked fat content raises the question of whether it can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. This study evaluates the latest publications on dairy products and human well-being, as described in epidemiological, academic, and biochemical evidence. For example, the effects of milk (especially skim milk) on body weight appear irrefutable, and the most famous studies show that the use of dairy products does not increase the incidence of cardiovascular problems or certain tumors. The study was conducted using a questionnaire and targeted two types of dairy products: packaged and unpackaged. The evidence is inconclusive, but some studies suggest that milk and its by-products may help some populations. Future studies will help clarify the role of milk and dairy products in human well-being, but their use in a proper diet should be considered without explicit contraindication fragments.

Milk is a commonly consumed soft drink essential to many people's overall diet as it provides all crucial foods and micronutrients. Milk is considered valuable because it is synthesized before adolescence and adulthood. However, its relatively high soaked fat content raises the question of whether it can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. This study evaluates the latest publications on dairy products and human well-being, as described in epidemiological, academic, and biochemical evidence. For example, the effects of milk (especially skim milk) on body weight appear irrefutable, and the most famous studies show that the use of dairy products does not increase the incidence of cardiovascular problems or certain tumors. The study was conducted using a questionnaire and targeted two types of dairy products: packaged and unpackaged. The evidence is inconclusive, but some studies suggest that milk and its by-products may help some populations. Future studies will help clarify the role of milk and dairy products in human well-being, but their use in a proper diet should be considered without explicit contraindication fragments.

Milk is a commonly consumed soft drink essential to many people's overall diet as it provides all crucial foods and micronutrients. Milk is considered valuable because it is synthesized before adolescence and adulthood. However, its relatively high soaked fat content raises the question of whether it can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. This study evaluates the latest publications on dairy products and human well-being, as described in epidemiological, academic, and biochemical evidence. For example, the effects of milk (especially skim milk) on body weight appear irrefutable, and the most famous studies show that the use of dairy products does not increase the incidence of cardiovascular problems or certain tumors. The study was conducted using a questionnaire and targeted two types of dairy products: packaged and unpackaged. The evidence is inconclusive, but some studies suggest that milk and its by-products may help some populations. Future studies will help clarify the role of milk and dairy products in human well-being, but their use in a proper diet should be considered without explicit contraindication fragments.

Currently, consumption of spontaneously fermented milks is common in Algeria, making it a feasible source of diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the potential to be used as adjunct cultures to improve quality and safety of fermented dairy products. In this context, to select eligible indigenous strains which could be applied as bioprotective and/or starter cultures, the present study aimed to characterize the genomic variability, biotechnological potential, and safety of thirty-eight LAB isolated from Algerian dairy and farm sources of western Algeria. The isolates were unequivocally identified by 16S rRNA gene and fingerprint-based methods. The following species were identified: Enterococcus faecium (n = 15), Enterococcus durans (n = 2), Enterococcus hirae (n = 2), Enterococcus lactis (n = 1), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (n = 6), Lactococcus lactis (n = 4), Levilactobacillus brevis (n = 3), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (n = 3), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (n = 1), and Pediococcus acidilactici (n = 1). Among the strains, three of them, L. lactis LGMY8, Lb. plantarum LGMY30 and Lb. paracasei LGMY31 were safe and showed some valuable biotechnological properties, such as high acidification, proteolytic activity, EPS production, and inhibition of undesirable bacteria that made them powerful candidates to be used as starter.

Dietary fat overconsumption contributes to the development of obesity and related comorbidities; however, its sensory perception is poorly understood. Although humans can discriminate between vapor-phase fatty acids, both ortho- and retronasally, evidence of orthonasal fat discrimination in real foods is limited, and non-existent for retronasal olfaction. In two experiments, we investigated the human ability of olfactory food fat content discrimination in dairy milk and assessed whether this ability is affected by habitual dairy intake. Participants undertook a series of DR A-not A discrimination tests (analysed with R-index analyses) coupled with perceptual ratings and a questionnaire on dairy consumption habits. In the first experiment (n = 66), ortho- and retronasal discrimination was evaluated using dairy milk samples manipulated to contain 0%, 1.5% and 3.5% fat. Subjects could discriminate between all three fat levels orthonasally (p < .001), whereas retronasally they were able to do so between 0 and 1.5% (p < .001) and 0–3.5% (p < .001). The second experiment (n = 44) focused only on retronasal discrimination, using (manipulated) dairy milk samples of 3.5%, 7%, 10.5% and 14% fat. Here, discrimination was possible between 3.5 and 14% (p < .001) and 7–14% (p < .05) samples. No effects of total dairy fat intake, total dairy product intake or dairy exposure frequency were observed on discrimination ability in both experiments. This is the first study demonstrating that humans are capable of discriminating food fat content solely based on retronasal olfaction. Results also suggest that this ability is unaffected by habitual intake.

The purpose of this study was to compare consumer perceptions regarding the health value of dairy milk and plant-based dairy milk alternatives (PBDMAs). The motivation stemmed from the decline in dairy milk consumption, contrasted with the rising popularity of PBDMAs. Data on consumer perceptions were collected from 1,036 respondents through an online survey. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for differences in perception, while binary logistic models identified the factors that influenced consumption decisions. Significant differences in perception were found for 15 of the 16 health claims tested; while respondents tended to have an overall positive perception of dairy milk’s health value, there were apparent concerns with its fat content and impact on weight which were not similarly present for PBDMAs. Health perceptions were found to have a significant, positive effect on the decision to consume dairy milk and PBDMAs, thus substantiating the importance of studying consumer perceptions.

The purpose of this study was to compare consumer perceptions regarding the health value of dairy milk and plant-based dairy milk alternatives (PBDMAs). The motivation stemmed from the decline in dairy milk consumption, contrasted with the rising popularity of PBDMAs. Data on consumer perceptions were collected from 1,036 respondents through an online survey. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for differences in perception, while binary logistic models identified the factors that influenced consumption decisions. Significant differences in perception were found for 15 of the 16 health claims tested; while respondents tended to have an overall positive perception of dairy milk’s health value, there were apparent concerns with its fat content and impact on weight which were not similarly present for PBDMAs. Health perceptions were found to have a significant, positive effect on the decision to consume dairy milk and PBDMAs, thus substantiating the importance of studying consumer perceptions.

de Souza M.M.S., Coelho S.deM.deO., Coelho I.daS., Soares B.daS., da Motta C.C., de Melo D.A., Dubenczuk F.C., Santiago, G.S., Pimenta R.L., Marques V.F. & Alencar T.A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production: an Overview. [Resistência antimicrobiana em animais de produção: uma visão geral]. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3): 136-146, 2016. Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: milianemss@gmail.com In the last two decades, antimicrobial resistance emerged as a puzzling multifactorial challenge. The role of the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in animal production exerting a positive selection pressure which can favor the survival of resistant strains over susceptible ones and the spread of resistance genes is the subject of several researches throughout the world. Otherwise, defenders of the growth promoter use argue that antimicrobial abolishment will result in several disorders in production chain. Some researches support the idea that there are efficient and viable alternatives such as probiotics, enzymatic complex and natural products that can contributes to growth promotion without enhance antimicrobial resistance. Considering the importance of animal production to the social and economic development of Brazilian society and the crucially of this theme, this review presents some features of antimicrobial resistance in dairy milk and poultry industries, two major production systems. Also, it discusses the challenges faced by researchers in the establishment of an accurate resistance profile taking in account three important features: species identification, species diversity and virulence factors that may contribute to the observed resistance pattern, and additionally, the emergent role of Enterobacteriaceae in antimicrobial resistance in animal production environment., Nas últimas duas décadas, a resistência antimicrobiana emergiu como um intrigante desafio multifatorial. O papel do uso de antimicrobianos como promotores de crescimento em produção animal, exercendo uma pressão de seleção positiva que pode favorecer a sobrevivência de cepas resistentes sobre as sensiveis, é o tema de vários estudos em todo mundo. Por outro lado, defensores do uso de promotores de crescimento argumentam que abolir os antimicrobianos resultará em vários desequilibrios na cadeia produtiva. Alguns estudos sustentam a ideia de que existem alternativas viáveis e eficientes tais como probióticos, complexos enzimáticos e produtos naturais que podem contribuir para a promoção do crescimento sem incrementar a resistência antimicrobiana. Considerando a importância da produção animal para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da sociedade Brasileira e a crucialidade deste tem, esta revisão apresenta alguns aspectos da resistência antimicrobiana na indústria avícola e leiteira, dois maiores sistemas de produção. Também, discute os desafios enfrentados pelos pesquisadores no estabelecimento de um perfil de resistência que leva em conta três importantes aspectos: identificação de espécies, diversidade das espécies e fatores de virulência que pode contribuir para o padrão de resistência observado, e adicionalmente, o papel emergente das Enterobacteriaceae na resistência antimicrobial no ambiente da produção animal.

On a mesuré l’impact de l’épandage de biosolides (boues d’épuration municipales traitées) sur la qualité du lait de vache en conditions réelles d’opération à la ferme, selon le cadre réglementaire prescrit au Québec. Le lait de 14 fermes réceptrices de biosolides a été échantillonné dans la région de Saguenay en décembre 2009 et comparé au lait de 14 fermes témoins. Les fermes réceptrices avaient un historique moyen de 11 années d’épandage. L’analyse statistique révèle l’absence d’impact sur la teneur du lait en contaminants inorganiques (arsenic, cuivre, molybdène, zinc et thallium) et suggère l’absence d’hypocuprémie induite chez les bovins des fermes réceptrices. La teneur en diphényls éther polybromés (PBDE) était par contre plus élevée dans le lait du groupe de fermes avec biosolides. Cette différence pourrait être en partie attribuable à la variabilité de l’exposition aux poussières entre les bâtiments d’élevage. La teneur moyenne en PBDE du lait des fermes réceptrices demeure cependant très faible (7,2 ng/L), soit de 3 à 7 fois inférieure aux teneurs moyennes relevées pour divers produits laitiers aux États-Unis et en Europe sur base de la matière grasse. Ces plus faibles teneurs pourraient en partie être expliquées par des dépôts atmosphériques moindres sur les herbages au Saguenay ou par un niveau de contamination moindre des poussières de bâtiments d’élevage. Selon les résultats de cette étude, les connaissances actuelles et les données disponibles, l’épandage de biosolides municipaux selon le cadre réglementaire québécois serait sans impact notable sur l’exposition globale aux PBDE des consommateurs de produits laitiers du Québec., The impact of land application of biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) on dairy milk quality was measured in real farm operating conditions where biosolids were applied in accordance with the regulatory framework prescribed in the province of Quebec (Canada). The milk from 14 farms receiving biosolids were sampled in the Saguenay region in December 2009 and compared to milk from 14 control farms. The tested farms had used biosolids an average of 11 years. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in the content of inorganic contaminants (arsenic, copper, molybdenum, zinc and thallium) in milk. These results suggest absence of induced hypocupriosis for dairy cows from farms using biosolids. However, the content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was higher in milk sampled from the farms using biosolids. Differences could be due, in part, by variability of exposition to dust among farm buildings. PBDE levels were however very low (mean value of 7,2 ng/L), and remained 3-7 times lower than the average levels recorded for various dairy products in the United States and Europe (fat content basis). These low levels could be linked, in part, to lower air depositions on forage in the Saguenay region or lower dust contamination in farm buildings. Based on these results, current knowledge and available data, the application of municipal biosolids under Québec regulations would have no significant impact on PBDE exposure for consumers of dairy products produced in Quebec.