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1. Normal Values of Left Ventricular Mass by Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Results from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

Author: Lee, L, Cotella, J, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Schreckenberg, M, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Lee L., Cotella J. I., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Schreckenberg M., Hitschrich N., Blankenhagen M., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Lee, L, Cotella, J, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Schreckenberg, M, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Lee L., Cotella J. I., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Schreckenberg M., Hitschrich N., Blankenhagen M., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., and Lang R. M.
Abstract: Background: Although increased left ventricular (LV) mass is associated with adverse outcomes, measured values vary widely depending on the specific technique used. Moreover, the impact of sex, age, and race on LV mass remains controversial, further limiting the clinical use of this parameter. Accordingly, the authors studied LV mass using a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic techniques in a large population of normal subjects encompassing a wide range of ages. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiograms obtained from 1,854 healthy adult subjects (52% men) enrolled in the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study, were divided into three age groups (young, 18-35 years; middle aged, 36-55 years; and old, >55 years). LV mass was obtained using five conventional techniques, including linear and two-dimensional methods, as well as direct three-dimensional measurement. All LV mass values were indexed to body surface area, and differences according to sex, age, and race were analyzed for each technique. Results: LV mass values differed significantly among the five techniques. Three-dimensional measurements were considerably smaller than those obtained using the other techniques and were closer to magnetic resonance imaging normal values reported in the literature. For all techniques, LV mass in men was significantly larger than in women, with and without body surface area indexing. These technique- and sex-related differences were larger than measurement variability. In women, age differences in LV mass were more pronounced and depicted significantly larger values in older age groups for all techniques, except three-dimensional echocardiography, which showed essentially no differences. LV mass was overall larger in black subjects than in white or Asian subjects. Conclusions: Significant differences in LV mass values exist across echocardiographic techniques, which are therefore not interchangeable. Sex-, race-, a
Published: 2023

2. Age-, Sex-, and Race-Based Normal Values for Left Ventricular Circumferential Strain from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Singulane, C, Miyoshi, T, Mor-Avi, V, Cotella, J, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Addetia, K, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, Y, Asch, F, Lang, R, Singulane C. C., Miyoshi T., Mor-Avi V., Cotella J. I., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Addetia K., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang Y., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Singulane, C, Miyoshi, T, Mor-Avi, V, Cotella, J, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Addetia, K, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, Y, Asch, F, Lang, R, Singulane C. C., Miyoshi T., Mor-Avi V., Cotella J. I., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Addetia K., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang Y., Asch F. M., and Lang R. M.
Abstract: Background: Left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain has received less attention than longitudinal deformation, which has recently become part of routine clinical practice. Among other reasons, this is because of the lack of established normal values. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish normative values for LV circumferential strain and determine sex-, age-, and race-related differences in a large cohort of healthy adults. Methods: Complete two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained in 1,572 healthy subjects (51% men), enrolled in the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study. Subjects were divided into three age groups (<35, 35-55, and >55 years) and stratified by sex and by race. Vendor-independent semiautomated speckle-tracking software was used to determine LV regional circumferential strain and global circumferential strain (GCS) values. Limits of normal for each measurement were defined as 95% of the corresponding sex and age group falling between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Intergroup differences were analyzed using unpaired t tests. Results: Circumferential strain showed a gradient, with lower magnitude at the mitral valve level, increasing progressively toward the apex. Compared with men, women had statistically higher magnitudes of regional and global strain. Older age was associated with a stepwise increase in GCS despite an unaffected ejection fraction, a decrease in LV volume, and relatively stable global longitudinal strain in men, with a small gradual decrease in women. Asian subjects demonstrated significantly higher GCS magnitudes than whites of both sexes and blacks among women only. In contrast, no significant differences in GCS were found between white and black subjects of either sex. Importantly, despite statistical significance of these differences across sex, age, and race, circumferential strain values were similar in all groups, with variations of the order of magnitude
Published: 2023

3. Normal Values of Left Atrial Size and Function and the Impact of Age: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Singh, A, Carvalho Singulane, C, Miyoshi, T, Prado, A, Addetia, K, Bellino, M, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Hitschrich, N, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Singh A., Carvalho Singulane C., Miyoshi T., Prado A. D., Addetia K., Bellino M., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Hitschrich N., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Singh, A, Carvalho Singulane, C, Miyoshi, T, Prado, A, Addetia, K, Bellino, M, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Hitschrich, N, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Singh A., Carvalho Singulane C., Miyoshi T., Prado A. D., Addetia K., Bellino M., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Hitschrich N., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., and Lang R. M.
Abstract: Background: Left atrial (LA) evaluation includes volumetric and functional parameters with an abundance of diagnostic and prognostic implications. Solid normal reference ranges are compulsory for accurate interpretation in individual patients, but previous studies have yielded mixed conclusions regarding the effects of age, sex, and/or race. The present report from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study focuses on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measures of LA structure and function, with subgroup analysis by age, sex, and race. Methods: Transthoracic 2D and 3D echocardiographic images were obtained in 1,765 healthy individuals (901 men, 864 women) evenly distributed among age subgroups: 18 to 40 years (n = 745), 41 to 65 years (n = 618), and >65 years (n = 402); the racial distribution was 38.4% white, 39.9% Asian, and 9.7% black. Images were analyzed using dedicated LA analysis software to measure LA volumes and phasic function from 3D volume and 2D strain curves. Results: Three-dimensional maximum and minimum LA volumes adjusted for body surface area were nearly identical for men and women, but women demonstrated higher 3D total and passive emptying fractions (EFs). Two-dimensional reservoir strain was similar for both sexes. Age was associated with an incremental rise in LA volumes alongside characteristic shifts in functional indices. Total 2D EF and reservoir and conduit strain varied inversely with age, counteracted by higher booster strain, with a greater magnitude of effect in women. Active 3D EF was significantly higher, while total and passive EFs decreased with age. Interracial differences were noted in LA volumes, without substantial differences in functional indices. Conclusion: Although similar normal values for LA volumes and strain can be applied to both sexes, meaningful differences in LA size occur with aging. Indices of function also shift with age, with a compensatory rise in booster function, which may serve t
Published: 2022

4. Normal Values of Left Ventricular Size and Function on Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Zhang, Y, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Zhang Y., Hitschrich N., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Zhang, Y, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Zhang Y., Hitschrich N., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., and Hwang J. -W.
Abstract: Background: Echocardiography remains the most widely used modality to assess left ventricular (LV) chamber size and function. Currently this assessment is most frequently performed using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. However, three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has been shown to be more accurate and reproducible than 2D echocardiography. Current normative reference values for 3D LV analysis are based predominantly on data from North America and Europe. The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study was designed to sample normal subjects from around the world to provide more universal global reference ranges. The aim of this study was to assess the worldwide feasibility of LV 3D echocardiography and report on size and functional measurements. Methods: A total of 2,262 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled from 19 centers in 15 countries. Three-dimensional LV full-volume data sets were obtained and analyzed offline using vendor-neutral software. Measurements included LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global circumferential strain. Results were categorized by age (18-40, 41-65, and >65 years), sex, and race. Results: A total of 1,589 subjects (feasibility 70%) had adequate LV data sets for analysis. Mean normal values for indexed end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and LVEF in men and women were 70 ± 15 and 65 ± 12 mL/m2, 28 ± 7 and 25 ± 6 mL/m2, and 60 ± 5% and 62 ± 5%, respectively. Men had larger LV volumes and lower LVEFs than women. GLS and global circumferential strain were higher in magnitude in women. In both sexes, LV volumes were lower and LVEF tended to be higher with increasing age, especially considering the differences between the youngest and oldest age groups. Although GLS was similar across age groups in men, in women, the youngest and middle-age cohorts revealed higher magnitudes of GLS compared with the oldest age group. Global circumfere
Published: 2022

5. Sex-, Age-, and Race-Related Normal Values of Right Ventricular Diastolic Function Parameters: Data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Carvalho Singulane, C, Singh, A, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Soulat-Dufour, L, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, Y, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Carvalho Singulane C., Singh A., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Soulat-Dufour L., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang Y., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Carvalho Singulane, C, Singh, A, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Soulat-Dufour, L, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, Y, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Carvalho Singulane C., Singh A., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Soulat-Dufour L., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang Y., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., and Lang R. M.
Abstract: Background: Although the assessment of right ventricular (RV) diastolic function is feasible, it has garnered far less momentum for use compared with its left ventricular counterpart. The scarcity of data defining normative RV diastolic function and the fact that implications of RV diastolic dysfunction in different disease states on outcomes are less well known both hinder integration into routine clinical assessment. The aim of this study was to establish normal values of RV diastolic parameters stratified by sex, age, and race using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study. Methods: A subset of 888 normal subjects from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography database were analyzed, including measurements of tricuspid valve (TV) inflow E- and A-wave velocities, E-wave deceleration time, and TV annular tissue Doppler e′ and a′ velocities. Additionally, right atrial (RA) maximal volume and RA peak reservoir strain were measured. Patients were grouped by age ([removed]65 years) and stratified by sex and race. Differences were analyzed using unpaired t tests. Results: Compared with men, women had significantly higher TV e′ and E-wave and A-wave velocities, though differences were modest. Increasing age was associated with stepwise lower TV E wave, e′ velocity, and TV E/A ratio and higher a′ velocity and E/e′ ratio. RA peak reservoir strain was also lower, and RA end-systolic volume trended toward being smaller for older age groups. Asian subjects demonstrated significantly higher a′ velocities, lower E wave, the smallest RA end-systolic volumes, and the lowest RA peak strain values compared with white subjects of both sexes. Conclusions: This study provides normal values for parameters used in the assessment of RV diastolic function stratified by race, sex, and age. The results demonstrate significant differences in RV diastolic parameters between age groups, which manifest in both individual parameters and composite ratios of TV inflo
Published: 2022

6. Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Static and Dynamic Normative Values of the Mitral Valve Apparatus: Results from the Multicenter World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Henry, M, Cotella, J, Mor-Avi, V, Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Lang, R, Asch, F, Henry M. P., Cotella J., Mor-Avi V., Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang M., Lang R. M., Asch F. M., Henry, M, Cotella, J, Mor-Avi, V, Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Lang, R, Asch, F, Henry M. P., Cotella J., Mor-Avi V., Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Hitschrich N., Amuthan V., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Kasliwal R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Ronderos R., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Zhang M., Lang R. M., and Asch F. M.
Abstract: Background: Recent advances in mitral valve (MV) percutaneous interventions have escalated the need for a more quantitative and comprehensive assessment of the MV, which can be best achieved using three-dimensional echocardiography. Understanding normal valve size, structure, and function is essential for differentiation of healthy from disease states. The aims of this study were to establish normative values for MV apparatus size and morphology and to determine how they vary across age, sex, and race groups using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study. Methods: Three-dimensional volumetric data sets obtained on transthoracic echocardiography in 748 normal subjects (51% men) were analyzed using commercial MV analysis software (TomTec Imaging Systems) to determine annular and leaflet dimensions and areas. The subjects were divided into groups by sex (378 men and 370 women) and age (18 to 40 years [n = 266], 41 to 65 years [n = 249], and >65 years [n = 233]) to identify sex- and age-related differences. In addition, differences among black, white, and Asian populations were studied. Inter- and intraobserver variability was assessed in a subset of 30 subjects and expressed as mean absolute difference between pairs of repeated measurements. Results: Compared with women, men had larger annular size measurements, larger tenting size parameters, and larger leaflet length and area. Compared with the black and white populations, the Asian population showed significantly smaller mitral annular size. Although many of the age, sex, and race differences in MV parameters were statistically significant, they were comparable with or smaller than the corresponding measurement variability. Indexing to body surface area and height did not eliminate these differences consistently, suggesting that parameters may need to be indexed according to their dimensionality. Conclusions: This analysis of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography d
Published: 2022

7. Normal Values of Three-Dimensional Right Ventricular Size and Function Measurements: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Zhang, Y, Singulane, C, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Addetia, Karima, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutierrez Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi R, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Ronderos, Ricardo E, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory M, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Zhang, Yun, Singulane, Cristiane C, Hitschrich, Niklas, Blankenhagen, Michael, Degel, Markus, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Mor-Avi, Victor, Asch, Federico M, Lang, Roberto M, Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Zhang, Y, Singulane, C, Hitschrich, N, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Addetia, Karima, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutierrez Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi R, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Ronderos, Ricardo E, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory M, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Zhang, Yun, Singulane, Cristiane C, Hitschrich, Niklas, Blankenhagen, Michael, Degel, Markus, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Mor-Avi, Victor, Asch, Federico M, and Lang, Roberto M
Abstract: Background: Normal values for three-dimensional (3D) right ventricular (RV) size and function are not well established, as they originate from small studies that involved predominantly white North American and European populations, did not use RV-focused views, and relied on older 3D RV analysis software. The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study was designed to generate reference ranges for normal subjects around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the worldwide capability of 3D imaging of the right ventricle and report size and function measurements, including their dependency on age, sex, and ethnicity. Methods: Healthy subjects free of cardiac, pulmonary, and renal disease were prospectively enrolled at 19 centers in 15 countries, representing six continents. Three-dimensional wide-angle RV data sets were obtained and analyzed using dedicated RV software (TomTec) to measure end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume, and ejection fraction (EF). Results were categorized by sex, age (18-40, 41-65, and >65 years) and ethnicity. Results: Of the 2,007 subjects with attempted 3D RV acquisitions, 1,051 had adequate image quality for confident measurements. Upper and lower limits for body surface area-indexed EDV, ESV, and EF were 48 and 95 mL/m2, 19 and 43 mL/m2, and 44% and 58%, respectively, for men and 42 and 81 mL/m2, 16 and 36 mL/m2, and 46% and 61%, respectively, for women. Men had significantly larger EDVs, ESVs, and stroke volumes (even after body surface area indexing) and lower EFs than women (P < .05). EDV and ESV did not show any meaningful differences among age groups. Three-dimensional RV volumes were smallest in Asians. Conclusions: Reliability of 3D RV acquisition is low worldwide, underscoring the importance of future improvements in imaging techniques. Sex and race must be taken into consideration in the assessment of both RV volumes and EF.
Published: 2023

8. Normative values of the aortic valve area and Doppler measurements using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: results from the Multicentre World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Cotella, J, Miyoshi, T, Mor-Avi, V, Addetia, K, Schreckenberg, M, Sun, D, Slivnick, J, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutiérrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Prado, A, Asch, F, Lang, R, Cotella, Juan I, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Mor-Avi, Victor, Addetia, Karima, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Sun, Deyu, Slivnick, Jeremy A, Blankenhagen, Michael, Hitschrich, Niklas, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutiérrez-Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Ronderos, Ricardo, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Zhang, Mei, Prado, Aldo D, Asch, Federico M, Lang, Roberto M, Cotella, J, Miyoshi, T, Mor-Avi, V, Addetia, K, Schreckenberg, M, Sun, D, Slivnick, J, Blankenhagen, M, Hitschrich, N, Amuthan, V, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutiérrez-Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Tude Rodrigues, A, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Zhang, M, Prado, A, Asch, F, Lang, R, Cotella, Juan I, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Mor-Avi, Victor, Addetia, Karima, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Sun, Deyu, Slivnick, Jeremy A, Blankenhagen, Michael, Hitschrich, Niklas, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutiérrez-Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Ronderos, Ricardo, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Zhang, Mei, Prado, Aldo D, Asch, Federico M, and Lang, Roberto M
Abstract: AIMS: Aortic valve area (AVA) used for echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) has been traditionally interpreted independently of sex, age and race. As differences in normal values might impact clinical decision-making, we aimed to establish sex-, age- and race-specific normative values for AVA and Doppler parameters using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic studies were obtained from 1903 healthy adult subjects (48% women). Measurements of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter and Doppler parameters, including AV and LVOT velocity time integrals (VTIs), AV mean pressure gradient, peak velocity, were obtained according to ASE/EACVI guidelines. AVA was calculated using the continuity equation. Compared with men, women had smaller LVOT diameters and AVA values, and higher AV peak velocities and mean gradients (all P < 0.05). LVOT and AV VTI were significantly higher in women (P < 0.05), and both parameters increased with age in both sexes. AVA differences persisted after indexing to body surface area. According to the current diagnostic criteria, 13.5% of women would have been considered to have mild AS and 1.4% moderate AS. LVOT diameter and AVA were lower in older subjects, both men and women, and were lower in Asians, compared with whites and blacks. CONCLUSION: WASE data provide clinically relevant information about significant differences in normal AVA and Doppler parameters according to sex, age, and race. The implementation of this information into clinical practice should involve development of specific normative values for each ethnic group using standardized methodology.
Published: 2023

9. Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Size and Systolic Function Measurements Stratified by Sex, Age, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., and Lang R. M.
Abstract: Background: Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular (RV) systolic function is an important component of clinical decision making. Although professional societies have worked to define normal ranges of RV size and function, their guidelines have not included the impacts of age, sex, and ethnicity on these parameters, as they have for the left ventricle. The World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography study was designed to investigate the effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on all cardiac chambers. The aim of this study was to explore whether these differences exist for RV systolic parameters. Methods: Adequate two-dimensional RV-focused views for the measurement of systolic parameters, including fractional area change and global and free wall longitudinal strain, were available in 1,913 subjects (mean age, 47 ± 17 years; 51% men). Basal and mid-RV dimensions, length, tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion, tissue Doppler S′ velocity, and myocardial performance index were also measured. Subjects were grouped by age ([removed]65 years), with results also stratified by sex and ethnicity (Asian, black, or white) and analyzed using vendor-independent software. Differences among groups were evaluated using analysis of variance. Results: Women had smaller absolute and indexed RV areas and absolute RV dimensions and higher magnitudes of fractional area change, free wall strain, and global longitudinal strain compared to men. With respect to age, most of the statistically significant differences were noted between the [removed]65-year age groups, with RV areas and lengths smaller in older age groups and RV functional parameters (S′, fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, global longitudinal strain, free wall strain, and myocardial performance index) showing minimal decreases or no changes with age. Although there were no meaningful differences in functional parameters among ethnic groups, RV size was smallest in Asians. Conclusions
Published: 2021

10. Normal Values of Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume According to Measurement Technique, Age, Sex, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Patel, H, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Henry, M, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Rossmanith, A, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Alizadehasl, A, Badano, L, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Patel H. N., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Henry M. P., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Rossmanith A., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Alizadehasl A., Badano L., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Patel, H, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Henry, M, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Rossmanith, A, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Alizadehasl, A, Badano, L, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Patel H. N., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Henry M. P., Citro R., Daimon M., Gutierrez Fajardo P., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Schreckenberg M., Blankenhagen M., Degel M., Rossmanith A., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Alizadehasl A., Badano L., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., and Hwang J. -W.
Abstract: Background: Assessment of cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) is essential to understand cardiac function and hemodynamics. These parameters can be examined using three echocardiographic techniques (pulsed-wave Doppler, two-dimensional [2D], and three-dimensional [3D]). Whether these methods can be used interchangeably is unclear. The influence of age, sex, and ethnicity on CO and SV has also not been examined in depth. In this report from the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study, the authors compare CO and SV in healthy adults according to age, sex, ethnicity, and measurement techniques. Methods: A total of 1,450 adult subjects (53% men) free of heart, lung, and kidney disease were prospectively enrolled in 15 countries, with even distributions among age groups and sex. Subjects were divided into three age groups (young, 18–40 years; middle aged, 41–65 years; and old, >65 years) and three main racial groups (whites, blacks, and Asians). CO and SV were indexed (cardiac index [CI] and SV index [SVI], respectively) to body surface area and height and measured using three echocardiographic methods: Doppler, 2D, and 3D. Images were analyzed at two core laboratories (one each for 2D and 3D). Results: CI and SVI were significantly lower by 2D compared with both Doppler and 3D methods in both sexes. SVI was significantly lower in women than men by all three methods, while CI differed only by 2D. SVI decreased with aging by all three techniques, whereas CI declined only with 2D and 3D. CO and SV were smallest in Asians and largest in whites, and the differences persisted after normalization for body surface area. Conclusions: The present results provide normal reference values for CO and SV, which differ by age, sex, and race. Furthermore, CI and SVI measurements by the different echocardiographic techniques are not interchangeable. All these factors need to be taken into account when evaluating cardiac function and hemodynamics in i
Published: 2021

11. Normal Values of Right Atrial Size and Function According to Age, Sex, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Soulat-Dufour, L, Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Diehl, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prad, A, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Alagesan, R, Alizadehasl, A, Badano, L, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Soulat-Dufour L., Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Citro R., Daimon M., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Diehl M., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prad A. D., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Alagesan R., Alizadehasl A., Badano L., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Soulat-Dufour, L, Addetia, K, Miyoshi, T, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Diehl, M, Schreckenberg, M, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Prad, A, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Alagesan, R, Alizadehasl, A, Badano, L, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Soulat-Dufour L., Addetia K., Miyoshi T., Citro R., Daimon M., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Diehl M., Schreckenberg M., Mor-Avi V., Asch F. M., Lang R. M., Prad A. D., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Alagesan R., Alizadehasl A., Badano L., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Yun H. R., and Hwang J. -W.
Abstract: Background: The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study is a multicenter, international, prospective, cross-sectional study whose aims were to evaluate healthy adult individuals to establish age- and sex-normative values of echocardiographic parameters and to determine whether differences exist among people from different countries and of different ethnicities. The present report focuses on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) right atrial (RA) size and function. Methods: Transthoracic 2D and 3D echocardiographic images were obtained in 2,008 healthy adult individuals evenly distributed among subgroups according to sex (1,033 men, 975 women) and age 18 to 40 years (n = 854), 41 to 65 years (n = 653), and >65 years (n = 501). For ethnicity, 34.9% were white, 41.6% Asian, and 9.7% black. Images were analyzed in a core laboratory according to current American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines. RA measurements included 2D dimensions, 2D and 3D RA volumes (RAVs) indexed to body surface area (BSA), emptying fraction (EmF), and global longitudinal strain, including total/reservoir, passive/conduit, and active/contractile phases. Differences among age and sex categories and among countries were also examined. Results: RAVs were larger in men (even after BSA indexing), while 3D total EmF and global longitudinal strain magnitudes were higher in women. For both sexes, there were no significant age-related differences in 2D RAV measurements, but 3D RAV values differed minimally with age, remaining significant after BSA indexing. RA total EmF and reservoir strain and passive EmF and conduit strain magnitude were lower in older groups for both sexes. Interestingly, whereas RA active EmF increased with age, contractile strain magnitude decreased. Considerable geographic variations were identified: Asians of both sexes had significantly lower BSA than non-Asians, and their 2D and 3D end-systolic RAVs were
Published: 2021

12. Normal Values of Aortic Root Size According to Age, Sex, and Race: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

Author: Patel, H, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Amuthan, V, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Hitschrich, N, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Patel, Hena N, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Addetia, Karima, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutierrez Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi R, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Ronderos, Ricardo E, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory M, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Zhang, Yun, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Blankenhagen, Michael, Degel, Markus, Hitschrich, Niklas, Mor-Avi, Victor, Asch, Federico M, Lang, Roberto M, Patel, H, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Gutierrez Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Amuthan, V, Zhang, Y, Schreckenberg, M, Blankenhagen, M, Degel, M, Hitschrich, N, Mor-Avi, V, Asch, F, Lang, R, Patel, Hena N, Miyoshi, Tatsuya, Addetia, Karima, Citro, Rodolfo, Daimon, Masao, Gutierrez Fajardo, Pedro, Kasliwal, Ravi R, Kirkpatrick, James N, Monaghan, Mark J, Muraru, Denisa, Ogunyankin, Kofo O, Park, Seung Woo, Ronderos, Ricardo E, Sadeghpour, Anita, Scalia, Gregory M, Takeuchi, Masaaki, Tsang, Wendy, Tucay, Edwin S, Tude Rodrigues, Ana Clara, Amuthan, Vivekanandan, Zhang, Yun, Schreckenberg, Marcus, Blankenhagen, Michael, Degel, Markus, Hitschrich, Niklas, Mor-Avi, Victor, Asch, Federico M, and Lang, Roberto M
Abstract: Background: Accurate measurements of the aortic annulus and root are important for guiding therapeutic decisions regarding the need for aortic surgery. Current echocardiographic guidelines for identification of aortic root dilatation are limited because current normative values were derived predominantly from white individuals in narrow age ranges, and based partially on M-mode measurements. Using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography study, the authors sought to establish normal ranges of aortic dimensions across sexes, races, and a wide range of ages. Methods: Adult individuals free of heart, lung, and kidney disease were prospectively enrolled from 15 countries, with even distributions among sexes and age groups: young (18–40 years), middle aged (41–65 years) and old (>65 years). Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiograms of 1,585 subjects (mean age, 47 ± 17 years; 50.4% men; mean body surface area [BSA], 1.77 ± 0.22 m2) were analyzed in a core laboratory following American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Measurements, indexed separately by BSA and by height, included the aortic annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction. Differences among age, sex, and racial groups were evaluated using unpaired two-tailed Student's t tests. Results: All aortic root dimensions were larger in men compared with women. After indexing to BSA, all measured dimensions were significantly larger in women, whereas men continued to show larger dimensions after indexing to height. Of note, the upper limits of normal for all aortic dimensions were lower across all age groups, compared with the guidelines. Aortic dimensions were larger in older age groups in both sexes, a trend that persisted regardless of BSA or height adjustment. Last, differences in aortic dimensions were also observed according to race: Asians had the smallest nonindexed aortic dimensions at all levels. Conclusions: There are significant differences in aortic dimensions acco
Published: 2022

13. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Healthy Adult Individuals: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

Author: Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Asch, F, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Regina Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Asch F. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Regina Afonso T., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Fasawe D., Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Asch, F, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Regina Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Asch F. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Regina Afonso T., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., and Fasawe D.
Abstract: Background: The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) study was conducted to describe echocardiographic normal values in adults and to compare races and nationalities using a uniform acquisition and measurement protocol. This report focuses on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. Methods: WASE is an international, cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled with equal distribution according to age and gender. Echocardiograms were analyzed in a core laboratory based on the latest American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines. Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by E, E/A, e' velocities, E/e', left atrial volume index (LAVI), and tricuspid regurgitation velocity. Determination of LV diastolic function was made using the algorithm proposed by the guidelines. Results: A total of 2,008 subjects from 15 countries were enrolled. The majority were of white or Asian race (42.8%, 41.8%, respectively). E and E/e' were higher in female patients, while LAVI was similar in both genders. Consistent increase in E/e' and decrease in E/A, E, and e' were found as age increased. The upper limit of normal for LAVI was higher in WASE compared with the guidelines. The lower limits of normal for e' were smaller in elder groups than those in the guidelines, while the upper limits of normal for E/e' were below the guideline values. These findings suggest that the cutoff value for LAVI should be shifted upward and age-specific cutoff values for e' should be considered. In WASE, <93.6% of patients were classified as normal LV diastolic function using the guidelines' algorithm, and the proportion increased to 97.4% when applying the revised cutoff values for LAVI obtained in our study. Conclusions: Guideline-recommended normal values for e' velocities and LAVI should be reconsidered. The algorithm for the determination of LV diastolic function proposed by the guidelines is useful, but adjustments to LAVI c
Published: 2020

14. Similarities and Differences in Left Ventricular Size and Function among Races and Nationalities: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

Author: Asch, F, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Schreckenberg, M, Amuthan, V, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Woo Park, S, Asch F. M., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Fasawe D., Schreckenberg M., Ronderos R., Scalia G., Amuthan V., Kasliwal R., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Woo Park S., Kirkpatrick J., Asch, F, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Schreckenberg, M, Amuthan, V, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Woo Park, S, Asch F. M., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Fasawe D., Schreckenberg M., Ronderos R., Scalia G., Amuthan V., Kasliwal R., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Woo Park S., and Kirkpatrick J.
Abstract: Background: The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study evaluates individuals from multiple countries and races with the aim of describing normative values that could be applied to the global community worldwide and to determine differences and similarities among people from different countries and races. The present report focuses specifically on two-dimensional (2D) left ventricular (LV) dimensions, volumes, and systolic function. Methods: The WASE Normal Values Study is a multicenter international, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study of healthy adult individuals. Participants recruited in each country were evenly distributed among six predetermined subgroups according to age and gender. Comprehensive 2D transthoracic echocardiograms were acquired and analyzed following strict protocols based on recent American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines. Analysis was performed at the WASE 2D core laboratory and included 2D LV dimensions, LV volumes, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by the biplane Simpson method and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results: Two thousand eight subjects were enrolled in 15 countries. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 32–65 years), 42.8% were white, 41.8% were Asian, and 9.7% were black. LV dimensions and volumes were larger in male subjects, while LVEF and GLS were higher in female subjects. Global WASE normal ranges for LV dimensions were smaller than those in the guidelines, but the upper limits of normal for LV volumes and the lower limits of normal for LVEF were higher in the WASE study. Significant intercountry variation was identified for all LV parameters reflecting LV size (dimensions, mass, and volumes) even after indexing to body surface area, with LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes having the highest variation. The largest volumes were noted in Australia, while the smallest were measured in India for both gen
Published: 2019

15. Similarities and Differences in Left Ventricular Size and Function among Races and Nationalities: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

Author: Asch, F, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Schreckenberg, M, Amuthan, V, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Woo Park, S, Asch F. M., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Fasawe D., Schreckenberg M., Ronderos R., Scalia G., Amuthan V., Kasliwal R., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Woo Park S., Kirkpatrick J., Asch, F, Miyoshi, T, Addetia, K, Citro, R, Daimon, M, Desale, S, Fajardo, P, Kasliwal, R, Kirkpatrick, J, Monaghan, M, Muraru, D, Ogunyankin, K, Park, S, Ronderos, R, Sadeghpour, A, Scalia, G, Takeuchi, M, Tsang, W, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Vivekanandan, A, Zhang, Y, Blitz, A, Lang, R, Prado, A, Filipini, E, Kwon, A, Hoschke-Edwards, S, Afonso, T, Thampinathan, B, Sooriyakanthan, M, Zhu, T, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Yin, L, Li, S, Alagesan, R, Balasubramanian, S, Ananth, R, Bansal, M, Badano, L, Palermo, C, Bossone, E, Di Vece, D, Bellino, M, Nakao, T, Kawata, T, Hirokawa, M, Sawada, N, Nabeshima, Y, Yun, H, Hwang, J, Fasawe, D, Schreckenberg, M, Amuthan, V, Gutierrez-Fajardo, P, Woo Park, S, Asch F. M., Miyoshi T., Addetia K., Citro R., Daimon M., Desale S., Fajardo P. G., Kasliwal R. R., Kirkpatrick J. N., Monaghan M. J., Muraru D., Ogunyankin K. O., Park S. W., Ronderos R. E., Sadeghpour A., Scalia G. M., Takeuchi M., Tsang W., Tucay E. S., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Vivekanandan A., Zhang Y., Blitz A., Lang R. M., Prado A. D., Filipini E., Kwon A., Hoschke-Edwards S., Afonso T. R., Thampinathan B., Sooriyakanthan M., Zhu T., Wang Z., Wang Y., Zhang M., Yin L., Li S., Alagesan R., Balasubramanian S., Ananth R. V. A., Bansal M., Badano L., Palermo C., Bossone E., Di Vece D., Bellino M., Nakao T., Kawata T., Hirokawa M., Sawada N., Nabeshima Y., Yun H. R., Hwang J. -W., Fasawe D., Schreckenberg M., Ronderos R., Scalia G., Amuthan V., Kasliwal R., Gutierrez-Fajardo P., Woo Park S., and Kirkpatrick J.
Abstract: Background: The World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study evaluates individuals from multiple countries and races with the aim of describing normative values that could be applied to the global community worldwide and to determine differences and similarities among people from different countries and races. The present report focuses specifically on two-dimensional (2D) left ventricular (LV) dimensions, volumes, and systolic function. Methods: The WASE Normal Values Study is a multicenter international, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study of healthy adult individuals. Participants recruited in each country were evenly distributed among six predetermined subgroups according to age and gender. Comprehensive 2D transthoracic echocardiograms were acquired and analyzed following strict protocols based on recent American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines. Analysis was performed at the WASE 2D core laboratory and included 2D LV dimensions, LV volumes, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by the biplane Simpson method and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results: Two thousand eight subjects were enrolled in 15 countries. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 32–65 years), 42.8% were white, 41.8% were Asian, and 9.7% were black. LV dimensions and volumes were larger in male subjects, while LVEF and GLS were higher in female subjects. Global WASE normal ranges for LV dimensions were smaller than those in the guidelines, but the upper limits of normal for LV volumes and the lower limits of normal for LVEF were higher in the WASE study. Significant intercountry variation was identified for all LV parameters reflecting LV size (dimensions, mass, and volumes) even after indexing to body surface area, with LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes having the highest variation. The largest volumes were noted in Australia, while the smallest were measured in India for both gen
Published: 2019

16. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions

Author: Kaptoge, S, Pennells, L, De Bacquer, D, Cooney, MT, Kavousi, M, Stevens, G, Riley, LM, Savin, S, Khan, T, Altay, S, Amouyel, P, Assmann, G, Bell, S, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Berkman, L, Beulens, JW, Björkelund, C, Blaha, M, Blazer, DG, Bolton, T, Bonita Beaglehole, R, Brenner, H, Brunner, EJ, Casiglia, E, Chamnan, P, Choi, YH, Chowdry, R, Coady, S, Crespo, CJ, Cushman, M, Dagenais, GR, D'Agostino, RB, Daimon, M, Davidson, KW, Engström, G, Ford, I, Gallacher, J, Gansevoort, RT, Gaziano, TA, Giampaoli, S, Grandits, G, Grimsgaard, S, Grobbee, DE, Gudnason, V, Guo, Q, Tolonen, H, Humphries, S, Iso, H, Jukema, JW, Kauhanen, J, Kengne, AP, Khalili, D, Koenig, W, Kromhout, D, Krumholz, H, Lam, TH, Laughlin, G, Marín Ibañez, A, Meade, TW, Moons, KGM, Nietert, PJ, Ninomiya, T, Nordestgaard, BG, O'Donnell, C, Palmieri, L, Patel, A, Perel, P, Price, JF, Providencia, R, Ridker, PM, Rodriguez, B, Rosengren, A, Roussel, R, Sakurai, M, Salomaa, V, Sato, S, Schöttker, B, Shara, N, Shaw, JE, Shin, HC, Simons, LA, Sofianopoulou, E, Sundström, J, Völzke, H, Wallace, RB, Wareham, NJ, Willeit, P, Wood, D, Wood, A, Zhao, D, Woodward, M, Danaei, G, Roth, G, Mendis, S, Onuma, O, Varghese, C, Ezzati, M, Graham, I, Jackson, R, Danesh, J, Kaptoge, S, Pennells, L, De Bacquer, D, Cooney, MT, Kavousi, M, Stevens, G, Riley, LM, Savin, S, Khan, T, Altay, S, Amouyel, P, Assmann, G, Bell, S, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Berkman, L, Beulens, JW, Björkelund, C, Blaha, M, Blazer, DG, Bolton, T, Bonita Beaglehole, R, Brenner, H, Brunner, EJ, Casiglia, E, Chamnan, P, Choi, YH, Chowdry, R, Coady, S, Crespo, CJ, Cushman, M, Dagenais, GR, D'Agostino, RB, Daimon, M, Davidson, KW, Engström, G, Ford, I, Gallacher, J, Gansevoort, RT, Gaziano, TA, Giampaoli, S, Grandits, G, Grimsgaard, S, Grobbee, DE, Gudnason, V, Guo, Q, Tolonen, H, Humphries, S, Iso, H, Jukema, JW, Kauhanen, J, Kengne, AP, Khalili, D, Koenig, W, Kromhout, D, Krumholz, H, Lam, TH, Laughlin, G, Marín Ibañez, A, Meade, TW, Moons, KGM, Nietert, PJ, Ninomiya, T, Nordestgaard, BG, O'Donnell, C, Palmieri, L, Patel, A, Perel, P, Price, JF, Providencia, R, Ridker, PM, Rodriguez, B, Rosengren, A, Roussel, R, Sakurai, M, Salomaa, V, Sato, S, Schöttker, B, Shara, N, Shaw, JE, Shin, HC, Simons, LA, Sofianopoulou, E, Sundström, J, Völzke, H, Wallace, RB, Wareham, NJ, Willeit, P, Wood, D, Wood, A, Zhao, D, Woodward, M, Danaei, G, Roth, G, Mendis, S, Onuma, O, Varghese, C, Ezzati, M, Graham, I, Jackson, R, and Danesh, J
Abstract: Background: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. Methods: In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol. For derivation, we included participants aged 40–80 years without a known baseline history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed up until the first myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or stroke event. We recalibrated models using age-specific and sex-specific incidences and risk factor values available from 21 global regions. For external validation, we analysed individual participant data from studies distinct from those used in model derivation. We illustrated models by analysing data on a further 123 743 individuals from surveys in 79 countries collected with the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. Findings: Our risk model derivation involved 376 177 individuals from 85 cohorts, and 19 333 incident cardiovascular events recorded during 10 years of follow-up. The derived risk prediction models discriminated well in external validation cohorts (19 cohorts, 1 096 061 individuals, 25 950 cardiovascular disease events), with Harrell's C indices ranging from 0·685 (95% CI 0·629–0·741) to 0·833 (0·783–0·882). For a given risk factor profile, we found substantial variation across global regions in the estimated 10-year predicted risk. For example, estimated cardiovascular disease risk for a
Published: 2019

17. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption:combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies

Author: Wood, A. M. (Angela M.), Kaptoge, S. (Stephen), Butterworth, A. S. (Adam S.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Warnakula, S. (Samantha), Bolton, T. (Thomas), Paige, E. (Ellie), Paul, D. S. (Dirk S.), Sweeting, M. (Michael), Burgess, S. (Stephen), Bell, S. (Steven), Astle, W. (William), Stevens, D. (David), Koulman, A. (Albert), Selmer, R. M. (Randi M.), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Sato, S. (Shinichi), Njolstad, I. (Inger), Woodward, M. (Mark), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Yeap, B. B. (Bu B.), Fletcher, A. (Astrid), Melander, O. (Olle), Kuller, L. H. (Lewis H.), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Marmot, M. (Michael), Koenig, W. (Wolfgang), Casiglia, E. (Edoardo), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Arndt, V. (Volker), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Wennberg, P. (Patrik), Gallacher, J. (John), de la Camara, A. G. (Agustin Gomez), Volzke, H. (Henry), Dahm, C. C. (Christina C.), Dale, C. E. (Caroline E.), Bergmann, M. M. (Manuela M.), Crespo, C. J. (Carlos J.), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Lagiou, P. (Pagona), Schoufour, J. D. (Josje D.), Boer, J. M. (Jolanda M. A.), Key, T. J. (Timothy J.), Rodriguez, B. (Beatriz), Moreno-Iribas, C. (Conchi), Davidson, K. W. (Karina W.), Taylor, J. O. (James O.), Sacerdote, C. (Carlotta), Wallace, R. B. (Robert B.), Quiros, J. R. (J. Ramon), Tumino, R. (Rosario), Blazer, D. G. (Dan G., II), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Daimon, M. (Makoto), Panico, S. (Salvatore), Howard, B. (Barbara), Skeie, G. (Guri), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Nietert, P. J. (Paul J.), Psaty, B. M. (Bruce M.), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Salamanca-Fernandez, E. (Elena), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Krumholz, H. M. (Harlan M.), Grioni, S. (Sara), Palli, D. (Domenico), Huerta, J. M. (Jose M.), Price, J. (Jackie), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Arriola, L. (Larraitz), Arima, H. (Hisatomi), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Panagiotakos, D. B. (Demosthenes B.), Karakatsani, A. (Anna), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Kuhn, T. (Tilman), Grobbee, D. E. (Diederick E.), Barrett-Connor, E. (Elizabeth), van Schoor, N. (Natasja), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Overvad, K. (Kim), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Wareham, N. (Nick), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Forouhi, N. (Nita), Wennberg, M. (Maria), Despres, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Cushman, M. (Mary), Cooper, J. A. (Jackie A.), Rodriguez, C. J. (Carlos J.), Sakurai, M. (Masaru), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Knuiman, M. (Matthew), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Brunner, E. J. (Eric J.), Assmann, G. (Gerd), Trevisan, M. (Maurizio), Gillum, R. F. (Richard F.), Ford, I. (Ian), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Lazo, M. (Mariana), Thompson, S. G. (Simon G.), Ferrari, P. (Pietro), Leon, D. A. (David A.), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Peto, R. (Richard), Jackson, R. (Rod), Banks, E. (Emily), Di Angelantonio, E. (Emanuele), Danesh, J. (John), Wood, A. M. (Angela M.), Kaptoge, S. (Stephen), Butterworth, A. S. (Adam S.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Warnakula, S. (Samantha), Bolton, T. (Thomas), Paige, E. (Ellie), Paul, D. S. (Dirk S.), Sweeting, M. (Michael), Burgess, S. (Stephen), Bell, S. (Steven), Astle, W. (William), Stevens, D. (David), Koulman, A. (Albert), Selmer, R. M. (Randi M.), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Sato, S. (Shinichi), Njolstad, I. (Inger), Woodward, M. (Mark), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Yeap, B. B. (Bu B.), Fletcher, A. (Astrid), Melander, O. (Olle), Kuller, L. H. (Lewis H.), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Marmot, M. (Michael), Koenig, W. (Wolfgang), Casiglia, E. (Edoardo), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Arndt, V. (Volker), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Wennberg, P. (Patrik), Gallacher, J. (John), de la Camara, A. G. (Agustin Gomez), Volzke, H. (Henry), Dahm, C. C. (Christina C.), Dale, C. E. (Caroline E.), Bergmann, M. M. (Manuela M.), Crespo, C. J. (Carlos J.), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Lagiou, P. (Pagona), Schoufour, J. D. (Josje D.), Boer, J. M. (Jolanda M. A.), Key, T. J. (Timothy J.), Rodriguez, B. (Beatriz), Moreno-Iribas, C. (Conchi), Davidson, K. W. (Karina W.), Taylor, J. O. (James O.), Sacerdote, C. (Carlotta), Wallace, R. B. (Robert B.), Quiros, J. R. (J. Ramon), Tumino, R. (Rosario), Blazer, D. G. (Dan G., II), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Daimon, M. (Makoto), Panico, S. (Salvatore), Howard, B. (Barbara), Skeie, G. (Guri), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Nietert, P. J. (Paul J.), Psaty, B. M. (Bruce M.), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Salamanca-Fernandez, E. (Elena), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Krumholz, H. M. (Harlan M.), Grioni, S. (Sara), Palli, D. (Domenico), Huerta, J. M. (Jose M.), Price, J. (Jackie), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Arriola, L. (Larraitz), Arima, H. (Hisatomi), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Panagiotakos, D. B. (Demosthenes B.), Karakatsani, A. (Anna), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Kuhn, T. (Tilman), Grobbee, D. E. (Diederick E.), Barrett-Connor, E. (Elizabeth), van Schoor, N. (Natasja), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Overvad, K. (Kim), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Wareham, N. (Nick), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Forouhi, N. (Nita), Wennberg, M. (Maria), Despres, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Cushman, M. (Mary), Cooper, J. A. (Jackie A.), Rodriguez, C. J. (Carlos J.), Sakurai, M. (Masaru), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Knuiman, M. (Matthew), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Brunner, E. J. (Eric J.), Assmann, G. (Gerd), Trevisan, M. (Maurizio), Gillum, R. F. (Richard F.), Ford, I. (Ian), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Lazo, M. (Mariana), Thompson, S. G. (Simon G.), Ferrari, P. (Pietro), Leon, D. A. (David A.), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Peto, R. (Richard), Jackson, R. (Rod), Banks, E. (Emily), Di Angelantonio, E. (Emanuele), and Danesh, J. (John)
Abstract: Background: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease. Methods: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK Biobank). We characterised dose–response associations and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) per 100 g per week of alcohol (12·5 units per week) across 83 prospective studies, adjusting at least for study or centre, age, sex, smoking, and diabetes. To be eligible for the analysis, participants had to have information recorded about their alcohol consumption amount and status (ie, non-drinker vs current drinker), plus age, sex, history of diabetes and smoking status, at least 1 year of follow-up after baseline, and no baseline history of cardiovascular disease. The main analyses focused on current drinkers, whose baseline alcohol consumption was categorised into eight predefined groups according to the amount in grams consumed per week. We assessed alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause mortality, total cardiovascular disease, and several cardiovascular disease subtypes. We corrected HRs for estimated long-term variability in alcohol consumption using 152 640 serial alcohol assessments obtained some years apart (median interval 5·6 years [5th–95th percentile 1·04–13·5]) from 71 011 participants from 37 studies. Findings: In the 599 912 current drinkers included in the analysis, we recorded 40 310 deaths and 39 018 incident cardiovascular disease events during 5·4 million person-years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, we recorded a positive and curvilinear association with the level of alcohol consumption, with the minimum mortality ris
Published: 2018

18. Impact of classical risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Asian Indian, Chinese and Japanese populations

Author: He, L, Tuomilehto, J, Qiao, Q, Söderberg, Stefan, Daimon, M, Chambers, J, Pitkaniemi, J, He, L, Tuomilehto, J, Qiao, Q, Söderberg, Stefan, Daimon, M, Chambers, J, and Pitkaniemi, J
Abstract: Aims. This review investigated the population impact of major modifiable type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors, with special focus on native Asian Indians, to estimate population attributable risks (PARs) and compare them with estimates from Chinese and Japanese populations. Methods. Information was obtained on risk factors in 21,041 Asian Indian, 17,774 Chinese and 17,986 Japanese populations from multiple, large, cross-sectional studies (the DECODA project) of T2D. Crude and adjusted PARs were estimated for the major T2D risk factors. Results. Age had the highest crude and adjusted PARs among Asian Indians and Chinese in contrast to waist hip ratio among Japanese. After adjusting for age, the PAR for body mass index (BMI) in Asian Indians (41.4% [95% CI: 37.2%; 45.4%]) was second only to triglycerides (46.4% [95% CI: 39.5%; 52.8%]) compared with 35.8% [95% CI: 29.9%; 41.4%] in Japanese and 38.4% [95% CI: 33.5%; 43.2%] in Chinese people. The PAR for BMI adjusted for age, LDL and triglycerides (39.7% [95% CI: 31.6%; 47.2%]) was higher than for any other factor in Asian Indians, and was much higher than in the Chinese (16.8% [95% CI: 3.0%; 30.9%]) and Japanese (30.4% [95% CI: 17.5%; 42.2%]) populations. Conclusion. This review provides estimates of the association between major risk factors and prevalences of T2D among Asian populations by examining their PARs from large population-based samples. From a public-health point of view, the importance of BMI in Asian Indians is especially highlighted in comparison to the other Asian populations. Given these results and other recent findings on the causality link between BMI and T2D, it can be postulated that obesity may be involved in the aetiology of T2D through interaction with ethnic-specific genetic factors, although ethnicity itself is not a direct risk factor for T2D as people of all ethnic backgrounds develop diabetes.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

Author: White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, Geleijnse, J. M., White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, and Geleijnse, J. M.
Published: 2015

20. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

Author: White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, Geleijnse, J. M., White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, and Geleijnse, J. M.
Published: 2015

21. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

Author: White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, Geleijnse, J. M., White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, and Geleijnse, J. M.
Published: 2015

22. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

Author: AIOS Psychiatrie, Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, MS MDL 1, Cancer, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, Geleijnse, J. M., AIOS Psychiatrie, Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, MS MDL 1, Cancer, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., White, Ian R., Rapsomaniki, Eleni, Wannamethee, S. G., Morris, R. W., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Santer, P., Kiechl, S., Wald, N., Ebrahim, S., Lawlor, D. A., Gallacher, J., Yarnell, J. W G, Ben-Shlomo, Y., Casiglia, E., Tikhonoff, V., Sutherland, S. E., Nietert, P. J., Keil, J. E., Bachman, D. L., Psaty, B. M., Cushman, M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Giampaoli, S., Palmieri, L., Panico, S., Pilotto, L., Vanuzzo, D., Simons, L. A., Friedlander, Y., McCallum, J., Price, J. F., McLachlan, S., Taylor, J. O., Guralnik, J. M., Wallace, R. B., Kohout, F. J., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., Blazer, D. G., Phillips, C. L., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Müller, H. T., Rothenbacher, D., Nissinen, A., Donfrancesco, C., Harald, K., Jousilahti, P. R., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., D'Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Vasan, R. S., Daimon, M., Oizumi, T., Kayama, T., Kato, T., Chetrit, A., Dankner, R., Lubin, F., Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Eriksson, H., Lappas, G., Lissner, L., Mehlig, K., Björkelund, C., Nagel, D., Kiyohara, Y., Arima, H., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Rodriguez, B., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D A, Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Yamagishi, K., Noda, H., Goldbourt, U., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Meade, T. W., DeStavola, B. L., Blokstra, A., Verschuren, W. M M, de Boer, I. H., Folsom, A. R., Koenig, W., Meisinger, C., Peters, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Kuller, L. H., Grandits, G., Cooper, J. A., Bauer, K. A., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., Shaffer, J. A., Shimbo, D., Sato, S., Dullaart, R. P F, Bakker, S. J L, Gansevoort, R. T., Ducimetiere, P., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Ferrières, J., Schulte, H., Assmann, G., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G J, Sattar, N., Cantin, B., Lamarche, B., Després, J. P., E.Barrett-Connor, Wingard, D. L., Daniels, L. B., Gudnason, V., Aspelund, T., Trevisan, M., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R., Lowe, G. D O, Woodward, M., Howard, W. J., Howard, B. V., Zhang, Y., Best, L. G., Umans, J., Davey-Smith, G., Onat, A., Nakagawa, H., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Morikawa, Y., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Sundström, J., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Marmot, M., Clarke, R., Collins, R., Fletcher, A., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Kivimaki, M., Buring, J., Rifai, N., Cook, N., Ford, I., Robertson, M., Marín Ibañez, A., Feskens, E. J M, and Geleijnse, J. M.
Published: 2015

23. Glycated hemoglobin measurement and prediction of cardiovascular disease

Author: Angelantonio, E. (Emanuele) di, Gao, P. (Pei), Khan, H. (Hassan), Butterworth, A.S. (Adam), Wormser, D. (David), Kaptoge, S. (Stephen), Kondapally Seshasai, S.R. (Sreenivasa Rao), Thompson, A. (Alex), Sarwar, S. (Sheryar), Willeit, J. (Johann), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Barr, E.L.M., Khaw, K-T. (Kay-Tee), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Dekker, J.M. (Jacqueline), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Daimon, M. (Makoto), Njølstad, I. (Inger), Nissinen, A. (Aulikki), Brunner, E. (Eric), Kuller, L.H. (Lewis), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Knuiman, M.W. (Matthew), Feskens, E.J.M. (Edith), Verschuren, W.M.M. (W. M. Monique), Wald, A. (Anna), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Ford, I. (Ian), Goldbourt, U. (Uri), Gómez-de-la-Cámara, A. (Agustín), Gallacher, J. (John), Simons, L.A. (Leon), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Sutherland, S.E. (Susan), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Blazer, D.G. (Dan), Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (Sylvia), Onat, A. (Altan), Marín Ibañez, A. (Alejandro), Casiglia, E. (Edoardo), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Simpson, L.M. (Lara), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Selmer, R. (Randi), Wennberg, P. (Patrik), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Salonen, J.T., Dankner, R. (Rachel), Barrett-Connor, E. (Elizabeth), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Evans, D.A. (Denis), Wallace, R.B. (Robert), Cushman, M. (Mary Ann), D'Agostino, R.B. (Ralph), Umans, J.G. (Jason), Kiyohara, Y. (Yutaka), Nakagawa, H. (Hidaeki), Sato, S. (Shinichi), Gillum, R.F. (Richard), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Moons, K.G.M. (Karel), Griffin, S. (Simon), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Selvin, E. (Elizabeth), Thompson, S.G. (Simon), Danesh, J. (John), Angelantonio, E. (Emanuele) di, Gao, P. (Pei), Khan, H. (Hassan), Butterworth, A.S. (Adam), Wormser, D. (David), Kaptoge, S. (Stephen), Kondapally Seshasai, S.R. (Sreenivasa Rao), Thompson, A. (Alex), Sarwar, S. (Sheryar), Willeit, J. (Johann), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Barr, E.L.M., Khaw, K-T. (Kay-Tee), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Dekker, J.M. (Jacqueline), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Daimon, M. (Makoto), Njølstad, I. (Inger), Nissinen, A. (Aulikki), Brunner, E. (Eric), Kuller, L.H. (Lewis), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Knuiman, M.W. (Matthew), Feskens, E.J.M. (Edith), Verschuren, W.M.M. (W. M. Monique), Wald, A. (Anna), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Ford, I. (Ian), Goldbourt, U. (Uri), Gómez-de-la-Cámara, A. (Agustín), Gallacher, J. (John), Simons, L.A. (Leon), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Sutherland, S.E. (Susan), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Blazer, D.G. (Dan), Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (Sylvia), Onat, A. (Altan), Marín Ibañez, A. (Alejandro), Casiglia, E. (Edoardo), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Simpson, L.M. (Lara), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Selmer, R. (Randi), Wennberg, P. (Patrik), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Salonen, J.T., Dankner, R. (Rachel), Barrett-Connor, E. (Elizabeth), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Evans, D.A. (Denis), Wallace, R.B. (Robert), Cushman, M. (Mary Ann), D'Agostino, R.B. (Ralph), Umans, J.G. (Jason), Kiyohara, Y. (Yutaka), Nakagawa, H. (Hidaeki), Sato, S. (Shinichi), Gillum, R.F. (Richard), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Moons, K.G.M. (Karel), Griffin, S. (Simon), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Selvin, E. (Elizabeth), Thompson, S.G. (Simon), and Danesh, J. (John)
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people : individual participant meta-analysis

Author: Wormser, David, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Kaptoge, Stephen, Wood, Angela M., Gao, Pei, Sun, Qi, Walldius, Goeran, Selmer, Randi, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Engstrom, Gunnar, Ridker, Paul M., Njolstad, Inger, Iso, Hiroyasu, Holme, Ingar, Giampaoli, Simona, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Gaziano, J. Michael, Brunner, Eric, Kee, Frank, Tosetto, Alberto, Meisinger, Christa, Brenner, Hermann, Ducimetiere, Pierre, Whincup, Peter H., Tipping, Robert W., Ford, Ian, Cremer, Peter, Hofman, Albert, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Clarke, Robert, de Boer, Ian H., Jukema, J. Wouter, Ibanez, Alejandro Marin, Lawlor, Debbie A., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr., Rodriguez, Beatriz, Casiglia, Edoardo, Stehouwer, Coen D. A., Simons, Leon A., Nietert, Paul J., Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Strandberg, Timo E., Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Blazer, Dan G., Meade, Tom W., Welin, Lennart, Svärdsudd, Kurt, Woodward, Mark, Nissinen, Aulikki, Kromhout, Daan, Jorgensen, Torben, Tilvis, Reijo S., Guralnik, Jack M., Rosengren, Annika, Taylor, James O., Kiechl, Stefan, Dagenais, Gilles R., Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Wallace, Robert B., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Shaffer, Jonathan A., Visser, Marjolein, Kauhanen, Jussi, Salonen, Jukka T., Gallacher, John, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Kitamura, Akihiko, Sundström, Johan, Wennberg, Patrik, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Daimon, Makoto, Gomez de la Camara, Agustin, Cooper, Jackie A., Onat, Altan, Devereux, Richard, Mukamal, Kenneth J., Dankner, Rachel, Knuiman, Matthew W., Crespo, Carlos J., Gansevoort, Ron T., Goldbourt, Uri, Nordestgaard, Borge G., Shaw, Jonathan E., Mussolino, Michael, Nakagawa, Hidaeki, Fletcher, Astrid, Kuller, Lewis H., Gillum, Richard F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Assmann, Gerd, Wald, Nicholas, Jousilahti, Pekka R., Greenland, Philip, Trevisan, Maurizio, Ulmer, Hanno, Butterworth, Adam S., Folsom, Aaron R., Davey-Smith, George, Hu, Frank B., Danesh, John, Tipping, Ford, CE, Simpson, Walldius, G, Jungner, I, Folsom, AR, Demerath, Franceschini, N, Lutsey, Panagiotakos, DB, Pitsavos, C, Chrysohoou, C, Stefanadis, Shaw, JE, Atkins, R, Zimmet, PZ, Barr, EL, Knuiman, MW, Whincup, Wannamethee, Morris, Willeit, J, Kiechl, Weger, Oberhollenzer, F, Wald, N, Ebrahim, S, Lawlor, DA, Gallacher, J, Ben-Shlomo, Yarnell, Casiglia, Tikhonoff, Greenland, P, Shay, Garside, Nietert, Sutherland, SE, Bachman, DL, Keil, de Boer, IH, Kizer, JR, Psaty, BM, Mukamal, KJ, Nordestgaard, BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, A, Jensen, GB, Schnohr, P, Giampaoli, S, Palmieri, Panico, Pilotto, L, Vanuzzo, D, de la Cámara, AG, Simons, LA, Simons, J, McCallum, J, Friedlander, Gerry, F, Fowkes, R, Price, JF, Lee, AJ, Taylor, Taylor JO, Guralnik, JM, Phillips, CL, Kohout, FJ, Cornoni-Huntley, JC, Blazer, DG, Guralnik, Khaw, KT, Wareham, NJ, Brenner, H, Schöttker, B, Müller, H, Rothenbacher, D, Wennberg, P, Jansson, JH, Nissinen, A, Donfrancesco, C, Woodward, M, Vartiainen, E, Jousilahti, PR, Harald, K, Salomaa, V, D'Agostino, RB, Vasan, RS, Fox, CS, Pencina, MJ, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kayama, T, Kato, T, Bladbjerg, EM, Danesh, J, Wormser, David, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Kaptoge, Stephen, Wood, Angela M., Gao, Pei, Sun, Qi, Walldius, Goeran, Selmer, Randi, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Engstrom, Gunnar, Ridker, Paul M., Njolstad, Inger, Iso, Hiroyasu, Holme, Ingar, Giampaoli, Simona, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Gaziano, J. Michael, Brunner, Eric, Kee, Frank, Tosetto, Alberto, Meisinger, Christa, Brenner, Hermann, Ducimetiere, Pierre, Whincup, Peter H., Tipping, Robert W., Ford, Ian, Cremer, Peter, Hofman, Albert, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Clarke, Robert, de Boer, Ian H., Jukema, J. Wouter, Ibanez, Alejandro Marin, Lawlor, Debbie A., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr., Rodriguez, Beatriz, Casiglia, Edoardo, Stehouwer, Coen D. A., Simons, Leon A., Nietert, Paul J., Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Strandberg, Timo E., Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Blazer, Dan G., Meade, Tom W., Welin, Lennart, Svärdsudd, Kurt, Woodward, Mark, Nissinen, Aulikki, Kromhout, Daan, Jorgensen, Torben, Tilvis, Reijo S., Guralnik, Jack M., Rosengren, Annika, Taylor, James O., Kiechl, Stefan, Dagenais, Gilles R., Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Wallace, Robert B., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Shaffer, Jonathan A., Visser, Marjolein, Kauhanen, Jussi, Salonen, Jukka T., Gallacher, John, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Kitamura, Akihiko, Sundström, Johan, Wennberg, Patrik, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Daimon, Makoto, Gomez de la Camara, Agustin, Cooper, Jackie A., Onat, Altan, Devereux, Richard, Mukamal, Kenneth J., Dankner, Rachel, Knuiman, Matthew W., Crespo, Carlos J., Gansevoort, Ron T., Goldbourt, Uri, Nordestgaard, Borge G., Shaw, Jonathan E., Mussolino, Michael, Nakagawa, Hidaeki, Fletcher, Astrid, Kuller, Lewis H., Gillum, Richard F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Assmann, Gerd, Wald, Nicholas, Jousilahti, Pekka R., Greenland, Philip, Trevisan, Maurizio, Ulmer, Hanno, Butterworth, Adam S., Folsom, Aaron R., Davey-Smith, George, Hu, Frank B., Danesh, John, Tipping, Ford, CE, Simpson, Walldius, G, Jungner, I, Folsom, AR, Demerath, Franceschini, N, Lutsey, Panagiotakos, DB, Pitsavos, C, Chrysohoou, C, Stefanadis, Shaw, JE, Atkins, R, Zimmet, PZ, Barr, EL, Knuiman, MW, Whincup, Wannamethee, Morris, Willeit, J, Kiechl, Weger, Oberhollenzer, F, Wald, N, Ebrahim, S, Lawlor, DA, Gallacher, J, Ben-Shlomo, Yarnell, Casiglia, Tikhonoff, Greenland, P, Shay, Garside, Nietert, Sutherland, SE, Bachman, DL, Keil, de Boer, IH, Kizer, JR, Psaty, BM, Mukamal, KJ, Nordestgaard, BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, A, Jensen, GB, Schnohr, P, Giampaoli, S, Palmieri, Panico, Pilotto, L, Vanuzzo, D, de la Cámara, AG, Simons, LA, Simons, J, McCallum, J, Friedlander, Gerry, F, Fowkes, R, Price, JF, Lee, AJ, Taylor, Taylor JO, Guralnik, JM, Phillips, CL, Kohout, FJ, Cornoni-Huntley, JC, Blazer, DG, Guralnik, Khaw, KT, Wareham, NJ, Brenner, H, Schöttker, B, Müller, H, Rothenbacher, D, Wennberg, P, Jansson, JH, Nissinen, A, Donfrancesco, C, Woodward, M, Vartiainen, E, Jousilahti, PR, Harald, K, Salomaa, V, D'Agostino, RB, Vasan, RS, Fox, CS, Pencina, MJ, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kayama, T, Kato, T, Bladbjerg, EM, and Danesh, J
Abstract: Background The extent to which adult height, a biomarker of the interplay of genetic endowment and early-life experiences, is related to risk of chronic diseases in adulthood is uncertain. Methods We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for height, assessed in increments of 6.5 cm, using individual-participant data on 174 374 deaths or major non-fatal vascular outcomes recorded among 1 085 949 people in 121 prospective studies. Results For people born between 1900 and 1960, mean adult height increased 0.5-1 cm with each successive decade of birth. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking and year of birth, HRs per 6.5 cm greater height were 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.96-0.99) for death from any cause, 0.94 (0.93-0.96) for death from vascular causes, 1.04 (1.03-1.06) for death from cancer and 0.92 (0.90-0.94) for death from other causes. Height was negatively associated with death from coronary disease, stroke subtypes, heart failure, stomach and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental disorders, liver disease and external causes. In contrast, height was positively associated with death from ruptured aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, melanoma and cancers of the pancreas, endocrine and nervous systems, ovary, breast, prostate, colorectum, blood and lung. HRs per 6.5 cm greater height ranged from 1.26 (1.12-1.42) for risk of melanoma death to 0.84 (0.80-0.89) for risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HRs were not appreciably altered after further adjustment for adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, inflammation biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption or socio-economic indicators. Conclusion Adult height has directionally opposing relationships with risk of death from several different major causes of chronic diseases., Karl Michaëlsson (Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Sweden) contributed to this study.
Published: 2012
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25. Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Author: Li, H, Oskari Kilpeläinen, Tuomas, Liu, C, Zhu, Jie, Liu, Y, Hu, C, Yang, Z, Zhang, W, Bao, W, Cha, Seung-Tae, Wu, Y, Yang, T, Sekine, A, Choi, B Y, Yajnik, C S, Zhou, Dao, Takeuchi, F, Yamamoto, K, Chan, J C, Mani, K R, Been, L F, Imamura, M, Nakashima, E, Lee, N, Fujisawa, T, Karasawa, S, Wen, Wan, Joglekar, C V, Lu, W, Chang, Y, Xiang, Y, Gao, Y, Liu, S, Song, Y, Kwak, S H, Shin, H D, Park, Kiwoo, Fall, C H D, Kim, J Y, Sham, P C, Lam, K S L, Zheng, W, Shu, X, Deng, Hong, Ikegami, H, Krishnaveni, G V, Sanghera, D K, Chuang, L, Liu, L, Hu, R, Kim, Y, Daimon, M, Hotta, K, Jia, W, Kooner, J S, Chambers, J C, Chandak, G R, Ma, R C, Maeda, S, Dorajoo, R, Yokota, M, Takayanagi, R, Kato, N, Lin, Xue, Loos, R J F, Li, H, Oskari Kilpeläinen, Tuomas, Liu, C, Zhu, Jie, Liu, Y, Hu, C, Yang, Z, Zhang, W, Bao, W, Cha, Seung-Tae, Wu, Y, Yang, T, Sekine, A, Choi, B Y, Yajnik, C S, Zhou, Dao, Takeuchi, F, Yamamoto, K, Chan, J C, Mani, K R, Been, L F, Imamura, M, Nakashima, E, Lee, N, Fujisawa, T, Karasawa, S, Wen, Wan, Joglekar, C V, Lu, W, Chang, Y, Xiang, Y, Gao, Y, Liu, S, Song, Y, Kwak, S H, Shin, H D, Park, Kiwoo, Fall, C H D, Kim, J Y, Sham, P C, Lam, K S L, Zheng, W, Shu, X, Deng, Hong, Ikegami, H, Krishnaveni, G V, Sanghera, D K, Chuang, L, Liu, L, Hu, R, Kim, Y, Daimon, M, Hotta, K, Jia, W, Kooner, J S, Chambers, J C, Chandak, G R, Ma, R C, Maeda, S, Dorajoo, R, Yokota, M, Takayanagi, R, Kato, N, Lin, Xue, and Loos, R J F
Abstract: FTO harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for FTO in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the FTO locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.
Published: 2012

26. Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Author: Li, H, Oskari Kilpeläinen, Tuomas, Liu, C, Zhu, Jie, Liu, Y, Hu, C, Yang, Z, Zhang, W, Bao, W, Cha, Seung-Tae, Wu, Y, Yang, T, Sekine, A, Choi, B Y, Yajnik, C S, Zhou, Dao, Takeuchi, F, Yamamoto, K, Chan, J C, Mani, K R, Been, L F, Imamura, M, Nakashima, E, Lee, N, Fujisawa, T, Karasawa, S, Wen, Wan, Joglekar, C V, Lu, W, Chang, Y, Xiang, Y, Gao, Y, Liu, S, Song, Y, Kwak, S H, Shin, H D, Park, Kiwoo, Fall, C H D, Kim, J Y, Sham, P C, Lam, K S L, Zheng, W, Shu, X, Deng, Hong, Ikegami, H, Krishnaveni, G V, Sanghera, D K, Chuang, L, Liu, L, Hu, R, Kim, Y, Daimon, M, Hotta, K, Jia, W, Kooner, J S, Chambers, J C, Chandak, G R, Ma, R C, Maeda, S, Dorajoo, R, Yokota, M, Takayanagi, R, Kato, N, Lin, Xue, Loos, R J F, Li, H, Oskari Kilpeläinen, Tuomas, Liu, C, Zhu, Jie, Liu, Y, Hu, C, Yang, Z, Zhang, W, Bao, W, Cha, Seung-Tae, Wu, Y, Yang, T, Sekine, A, Choi, B Y, Yajnik, C S, Zhou, Dao, Takeuchi, F, Yamamoto, K, Chan, J C, Mani, K R, Been, L F, Imamura, M, Nakashima, E, Lee, N, Fujisawa, T, Karasawa, S, Wen, Wan, Joglekar, C V, Lu, W, Chang, Y, Xiang, Y, Gao, Y, Liu, S, Song, Y, Kwak, S H, Shin, H D, Park, Kiwoo, Fall, C H D, Kim, J Y, Sham, P C, Lam, K S L, Zheng, W, Shu, X, Deng, Hong, Ikegami, H, Krishnaveni, G V, Sanghera, D K, Chuang, L, Liu, L, Hu, R, Kim, Y, Daimon, M, Hotta, K, Jia, W, Kooner, J S, Chambers, J C, Chandak, G R, Ma, R C, Maeda, S, Dorajoo, R, Yokota, M, Takayanagi, R, Kato, N, Lin, Xue, and Loos, R J F
Abstract: FTO harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for FTO in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the FTO locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.
Published: 2012

27. Is retinal vasculature change associated with risk of obesity? Longitudinal cohort study in Japanese adults: The Funagata study

Author: Saito, K, Tanabe, Y, Kawasaki, R, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kato, T, Kawata, S, Kayama, T, Yamashita, H, Saito, K, Tanabe, Y, Kawasaki, R, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kato, T, Kawata, S, Kayama, T, and Yamashita, H
Abstract: UNLABELLED: Aims/Introduction: To examine the association between baseline retinal vessel caliber change and prevalence, and 5-year incidence of obesity in the adult Japanese population of the Funagata study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 900 individuals (age ≥ 35 years) who underwent systemic and retinal examinations in the Funagata study during 2000-2002, 584 (64.8%) were not obese as defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2), and considered at risk of incident obesity. In 2005-2007, 454 patients returned for 5-year follow-up examination (52.9%). Incidence of overweight was defined as subjects who were not overweight at baseline examination (BMI < 23 kg/m(2)), but overweight (BMI ≥ 23 to <25 kg/m(2)) at follow up, and that of obesity as subjects who were not obese at baseline examination (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)), but obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) at follow up. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity at baseline was 35.1% (316/900); there was a cross-sectional association between wider retinal venular diameters and obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per +1 standard deviation (SD) change: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.35) after adjusting for age and sex. Cumulative incidence of obesity between baseline and 5-year follow up was 10.6% (32/303). Although the risk of incident overweight or obesity was higher in persons with wider retinal venular caliber, there were no statistically significant associations between baseline venular caliber and 5-year incidence of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found significant cross-sectional associations of retinal venodilation with the prevalence of overweight, we could not confirm that retinal venodilation preceded the development of obesity in this population. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00086.x, 2011).
Published: 2011

28. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and retinal arteriolar narrowing: The Funagata Study

Author: Tanabe, Y, Kawasaki, R, Wang, JJ, Wong, TY, Mitchell, P, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kato, T, Kawata, S, Kayama, T, Yamashita, H, Tanabe, Y, Kawasaki, R, Wang, JJ, Wong, TY, Mitchell, P, Daimon, M, Oizumi, T, Kato, T, Kawata, S, Kayama, T, and Yamashita, H
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing, a subclinical marker of chronic hypertension. The Funagata Study examined a population-based sample of Japanese aged 35+ years; 368 participants had both retinal vessel diameter measurements and ACE insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism analyses performed. Assessment of retinal vessel diameter and retinal vessel wall signs followed the protocols used in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. ACE gene polymorphisms D/D, I/D and I/I were present in 34 (9.2%), 170 (46.2%) and 164 (44.5%) participants, respectively, distributed in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After multivariable adjustment, retinal arteriolar diameter was significantly narrower in subjects with the D/D genotype compared to subjects with I/D and I/I genotypes (mean difference -6.49 microm, 95% confidence interval (CI): -12.86 microm, -0.11 microm). Our study suggests that the ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with subclinical structural arteriolar changes related to chronic hypertension.
Published: 2009

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28 results on '"Daimon, M"'

1. Normal Values of Left Ventricular Mass by Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Results from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

2. Age-, Sex-, and Race-Based Normal Values for Left Ventricular Circumferential Strain from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

3. Normal Values of Left Atrial Size and Function and the Impact of Age: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

4. Normal Values of Left Ventricular Size and Function on Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

5. Sex-, Age-, and Race-Related Normal Values of Right Ventricular Diastolic Function Parameters: Data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

6. Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Static and Dynamic Normative Values of the Mitral Valve Apparatus: Results from the Multicenter World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

7. Normal Values of Three-Dimensional Right Ventricular Size and Function Measurements: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

8. Normative values of the aortic valve area and Doppler measurements using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: results from the Multicentre World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

9. Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Size and Systolic Function Measurements Stratified by Sex, Age, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

10. Normal Values of Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume According to Measurement Technique, Age, Sex, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

11. Normal Values of Right Atrial Size and Function According to Age, Sex, and Ethnicity: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study

12. Normal Values of Aortic Root Size According to Age, Sex, and Race: Results of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study

13. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Healthy Adult Individuals: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

14. Similarities and Differences in Left Ventricular Size and Function among Races and Nationalities: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

15. Similarities and Differences in Left Ventricular Size and Function among Races and Nationalities: Results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study

16. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions

17. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption:combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies

18. Impact of classical risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Asian Indian, Chinese and Japanese populations

19. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

20. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

21. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

22. Covariate-adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data

23. Glycated hemoglobin measurement and prediction of cardiovascular disease

24. Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people : individual participant meta-analysis

25. Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

26. Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

27. Is retinal vasculature change associated with risk of obesity? Longitudinal cohort study in Japanese adults: The Funagata study

28. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and retinal arteriolar narrowing: The Funagata Study

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