Search

Many scholars have highlighted the individual, organizational and inter-organizational causes of organizational wrongdoing; others have focused on its (negative) consequences or have analyzed how it can persist and spread between organizations. An underlining assumption shared by many of those studies is that organizational wrongdoing is a deviant, society-damaging phenomenon originating from individual and organizational actors’ pursuit of undue advantages. We argue that, at least in some cases, actors may also have “organizational reasons” for wrongdoing, besides self-interest. This article aims at analyzing the organizational reasons for wrongdoing in the CSM affair, a scandal that shed light on the deviant practices for career paths within the Italian judiciary system. By relying on documents and several semi-structured interviews to judges, public prosecutors, and experts in the field, we reconstructed actual practices for career advancement (extra-legal governance) and compared them with formal policies (legal governance). Our analysis shows that deviant practices were not merely occasional episodes of favoritism, but were part of an extra-legal governance system that involved virtually all of Italy’s judges. We also found that the CSM decoupled formal policies from actual practices to manage two organizational trade-offs – bureaucratic rules vs. efficiency, and independence vs. accountability. Therefore, besides individual gain, actors had two major “organizational reasons” for wrongdoing: first, they needed to cope with a lack of organizational capabilities and resources; second, they needed to address calls for greater accountability. In the light of our findings, we conclude with some considerations about organizational learning and the relation between law, organizations, and wrongdoing.

Guided by self-determination theory, the objective of the present research was to examine the differences between physical education (PE) and foreign language (FL) pre-service teachers in terms of the associations between perceived educator-created (dis)empowering climates and need-based experiences and motivation. A convenience sample of 246 PE and 208 FL pre-service teachers (57.08% women, Mage=24.92, SD=4.07) participated in this cross-sectional research. All the participants came from eight Andalusian public universities: Almería (19.8%), Cádiz (5.7%), Córdoba (3.7%), Granada (32.2%), Huelva (3.5%), Jaén (4.8%), Málaga (16.1%) and Sevilla (14.1%). The participants completed the following scales: the Educator-Created Empowering and Disempowering Climate Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, the Psychological Needs Thwarting Scale, and the Academic Motivation Scale. The results showed that PE pre-service teachers scored significantly higher than FL pre-service teachers in disempowering climate, need satisfaction and amotivation. The results from the multi-group path analysis revealed that, overall, empowering and disempowering climates were differentially associated with the motivational outcomes between the PE and FL pre-service teachers. More specifically, FL pre-service teachers had slightly higher associations between empowering climates and need satisfaction, and between disempowering climates and need frustration. Conclusions: the findings underscore the importance not only of teacher educators creating empowering climates. FUNDING INFORMATION. “This research was financed by the Andalusian Research, Development, and Innovation Plan (PAIDI 2020) of the Andalusian Regional Government: grant number P20_00148”; research project (I+D+i) entitled "Is the empowering-disempowering motivational climate that undergraduate students perceive related to their intention of becoming a teacher?, Basado en la teoría de la auto-determinación, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las diferencias en las asociaciones del clima (des)empoderador creado por el formador con la satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la calidad de la motivación entre el profesorado en formación inicial de educación física (EF) y de lengua extranjera (LE). En este estudio trasversal, participó una muestra de conveniencia de 246 docentes de formación inicial de EF y 208 de LE (57,08%mujeres, Medad=24,92, SD=4,07). Los participantes pertenecían a ocho universidades públicas andaluzas: Almería (19.8%), Cádiz (5.7%), Córdoba (3.7%), Granada (32.2%), Huelva (3.5%), Jaén (4.8%), Málaga (16.1%) and Sevilla (14.1%). Cada participante completó las siguientes escalas: el Educator-Created Empowering and Disempowering Climate Questionnaire, la Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, la Psychological Needs Thwarting Scale, y la Escala de Motivación Académica. Los resultados mostraron que el profesorado en formación inicial de EF obtuvo valores medio significativamente superiores que el profesorado en formación inicial de LE en el clima desempoderador, satisfacción de las necesidades y desmotivación.

Risikodiagnostik ist immer noch im Begriff sich als neue Disziplin zwischen klassischem Risikomanagement und Eignungsidagnostik zu bilden. Dies nicht zuletzt auf Grund einer bewussteren Wahrnehmung des Menschen als potenzielle Risikoquelle über klassische Branchen wie jene der Sicherheit hinaus. Viel dazu beigetragen haben auch die intensive Forschung um negative Persönlichkeitsaspekte der letzten 20 Jahre und ein mannigfaltiges Angebot für Background-Checks hat sich auch ausserhalb behördlicher Interessen etabliert. In der Transfer-Session wird Risikodiagnostik als psychologisches Handwerk im Berufskontext vorgestellt und es werden Aspekte wie Anknüpfung an Risikomanagement, Praxis von psychologischer Risikodiagnostik und Risikokommunikation beleuchtet. Zusätzlich wird auch wichtigen ethischen Fragen wie Anwendungsberechtigung und informed consent nachgegangen sowie die Verantwortung von Psychologinnen und Psychologen reflektiert.

Our study examines the impacts on workers when organisational humour is repeated, sustained, dominating, and potentially harmful, and thus can be considered to be bullying. In an ethnographic study of an idiosyncratic New Zealand IT company, we observed humour that was sexualised, dominating, and perpetrated by the most powerful organizational members. We argue that the compelling need for belonging in this extreme organizational culture influenced workers to accept bullying humour as just a joke and therefore acceptable and harmless even when it contravened societal workplace norms. Our contribution is in identifying and extending the significant theoretical relationship between workplace humour and bullying that, to date, is not well-explored in organizational research

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been argued to offer a myriad of improvements in how we work and live. The notion of AI comprises a wide-ranging set of technologies that allow individuals and organizations to integrate and analyze data and use that insight to improve or automate decision-making. While most attention has been placed on the positive aspects companies realize by the adoption by the adoption and use of AI, there is a growing concern around the negative and unintended consequences of such technologies. In this special issue we have made a call for research papers that help us explore the dark side of AI use. By adopting a dark side lens, we aimed to expand our understanding of how AI should be implemented in practice, and how to minimize or avoid negative outcomes. In this editorial, we build on the notion of responsible AI, to highlight the different ways in which AI can potentially produce unintended consequences, as well as to suggest alternative paths future IS research can follow to improve our knowledge about how to mitigate such occurrences. We further expand on dark side theorizing in order to uncover hidden assumptions of current literature as well as to propose other prominent themes that can guide future IS research on AI adoption and use.

Our study examines the impacts on workers when organisational humour is repeated, sustained, dominating, and potentially harmful, and thus can be considered to be bullying. In an ethnographic study of an idiosyncratic New Zealand IT company, we observed humour that was sexualised, dominating, and perpetrated by the most powerful organizational members. We argue that the compelling need for belonging in this extreme organizational culture influenced workers to accept bullying humour as just a joke and therefore acceptable and harmless even when it contravened societal workplace norms. Our contribution is in identifying and extending the significant theoretical relationship between workplace humour and bullying that, to date, is not well-explored in organizational research

Service employees (SEs) are instrumental in shaping customer brand perceptions. However, to deliver favorable brand experiences, SEs may not always abide by socially constructed norms and guidelines-called institu-tions-that coordinate service interactions. We explore how SEs navigate internal and external institutions, and the potential implications for brand meaning outcomes. Drawing on qualitative interviews with SEs from five local and international bank brands in Vietnam, and archival data, we discover 10 practices that function as institutional work and identify potential implications for brand meaning outcomes of authenticity, relevance, and legitimacy. Using institutional theory as an enabling lens, we demonstrate how these practices either disrupt or maintain internal and external institutions with dark-side or light-side consequences for brands. Specifically, our findings uncover how dark-side practices may place brand meaning outcomes at risk and how light-side practices, even those that disrupt institutions, can potentially enhance brand meaning, providing significant theoretical and managerial implications.

Risikodiagnostik ist immer noch im Begriff sich als neue Disziplin zwischen klassischem Risikomanagement und Eignungsidagnostik zu bilden. Dies nicht zuletzt auf Grund einer bewussteren Wahrnehmung des Menschen als potenzielle Risikoquelle über klassische Branchen wie jene der Sicherheit hinaus. Viel dazu beigetragen haben auch die intensive Forschung um negative Persönlichkeitsaspekte der letzten 20 Jahre und ein mannigfaltiges Angebot für Background-Checks hat sich auch ausserhalb behördlicher Interessen etabliert. In der Transfer-Session wird Risikodiagnostik als psychologisches Handwerk im Berufskontext vorgestellt und es werden Aspekte wie Anknüpfung an Risikomanagement, Praxis von psychologischer Risikodiagnostik und Risikokommunikation beleuchtet. Zusätzlich wird auch wichtigen ethischen Fragen wie Anwendungsberechtigung und informed consent nachgegangen sowie die Verantwortung von Psychologinnen und Psychologen reflektiert.

We theorize that people with high Public Service Motivation (PSM) are especially prone to engage in prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB) behavior, which ultimately leads to discriminatory practices, particularly for clients associated with positive affect. We conduct an original vignette study in three countries (Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands) with 928 observations in total. Our findings provide tentative behavioral evidence on a linear relationship between PSM and the likelihood of PSRB and a strong positive association with client likeability, which is an asymmetric relationship: Negative affect cues have a larger negative effect than positive affect cues have a positive effect on PSRB. Although our results vary across the three country studies regarding the effects of PSM, overall, the results imply that high-PSM individuals have a tendency to being more likely to engage in PSRB and that clients who are perceived as more favorable will receive a less strict application of bureaucratic rules compared to less favorable clients.

Purpose: Lean has shifted over the years from a set of tools to implement to a human-centric approach concerning both hard and soft factors. However, there is a limited research on these soft factors and how they influence companies performance and social outcomes on the one hand and how they enable the hard factors on the other hand. Taking this as a valuable opportunity, the purpose of this paper is to present the key motivating factors and key gaps in the literature as an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic methodology to identifying the literature on social outcomes and factors in Lean is presented. Web of Science, EBSCO, Emerald, Science Direct, Google Scholar and the top journals were searched, and 158 papers were identified. Findings: The systematic review helped the authors to identify the evolution, current trends, research gaps and an agenda for future research for exploring social outcomes in Lean and the factors mediating them. These factors are grouped and presented. Practical implications: The implications of this work include understanding for managers and professionals how both soft and hard factors in Lean are related and that for a sustainable implementation, the whole system must be observed. This work could serve as a valuable resource that depending on the execution of Lean, either positive outcomes will emerge or even negative outcomes, referred to as “The Dark Side”. Originality/value: This paper presents an extended survey on the factors in Lean mediating both companies’ performance and social outcomes. The authors also believe that this is possibly the most comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic and will set the foundation for various research avenues based on the key findings of this study.

Purpose: Lean has shifted over the years from a set of tools to implement to a human-centric approach concerning both hard and soft factors. However, there is a limited research on these soft factors and how they influence companies performance and social outcomes on the one hand and how they enable the hard factors on the other hand. Taking this as a valuable opportunity, the purpose of this paper is to present the key motivating factors and key gaps in the literature as an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic methodology to identifying the literature on social outcomes and factors in Lean is presented. Web of Science, EBSCO, Emerald, Science Direct, Google Scholar and the top journals were searched, and 158 papers were identified. Findings: The systematic review helped the authors to identify the evolution, current trends, research gaps and an agenda for future research for exploring social outcomes in Lean and the factors mediating them. These factors are grouped and presented. Practical implications: The implications of this work include understanding for managers and professionals how both soft and hard factors in Lean are related and that for a sustainable implementation, the whole system must be observed. This work could serve as a valuable resource that depending on the execution of Lean, either positive outcomes will emerge or even negative outcomes, referred to as “The Dark Side”. Originality/value: This paper presents an extended survey on the factors in Lean mediating both companies’ performance and social outcomes. The authors also believe that this is possibly the most comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic and will set the foundation for various research avenues based on the key findings of this study.

Purpose Recent studies have called for more contextual studies of technostress and the role leaders can have in this experience. While technostress is an increasingly prevalent and severe phenomenon in care professions, limited studies have addressed its potential negative consequences for employee well-being and quality of care delivered in this sector or, more importantly, examined how the adverse consequences of technostress could be mitigated. Therefore, the present study addresses this gap by investigating how technostress in childcare affects quality of care delivered via emotional exhaustion and what influence empowering leadership plays in this relationship. Design/methodology approach Incorporating the views of 339 Dutch childcare workers, this study tests a model in which technostress influences quality of care delivered, mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by empowering leadership. Findings Results confirm that techno-invasion and techno-overload predict higher emotional exhaustion and lower quality of care delivered among childcare workers. Empowering leadership reduced the influence of techno-invasion on emotional exhaustion but strengthened the influence of techno-overload. Originality/value Our results provide childcare organizations with relevant information on the increasing use of ICT that influences both childcare workers’ well-being and quality of care they deliver. Important implications are suggested for leadership geared at stimulating employees’ responsibility and accountability for different dimensions of technostress.

This article shows the levels of technostress in primary and secondary education teachers in Chile, in the context of educational telework that Chile has adopted in connection with the health crisis by COVID-19. The information has been collected with the use of the RED-TIC scale, previously used in this country, whose validity and reliability of the instrument has been treated, for this case, with confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) with a national coverage sample of 3006 teachers. The results show that 11% of teachers reveal techno anxiety and 7.2%, techno fatigue. Combining both manifestations, we find that 6.8% of teachers are techno stressed. Finally, fatigue and anxiety factors are higher for female teachers.

This paper analyzes the scientific map of technostress and the scientific production on this topic between 1982 and 2017, highlighting its structure, evolution, and trends in this field. A literature review based on bibliometric analysis of 246 records indexed in Scopus database was conducted. These publications were analyzed according to bibliometric indicators and through science maps with SciMAT. Co-occurrence of terms by grouping techniques was implemented. In addition, elaboration of maps of science and performance analysis for periods was executed. The main contribution of this work is to provide the first scientific map of technostress and a detailed understanding of the scientific production that predicts the directions of future research. The bibliometric analyses permit an overview of the growth, extent and distribution of the scientific literature related to the technostress and the study of the scientific production of an institution, country, author or research group.

Zarządzanie w Kulturze,2020, Tom 21, Numer 4, Cień organizacyjny: Ukryte obszary zarządzania w kulturze. Redakcja numeru: Marcin Laberschek, Monika Kostera

The expanded use of information technology in education has led to the emergence of technostress due to a lack of adaptation to the technological environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the levels of technostress in primary and secondary education in 428 teachers using a RED-TIC questionnaire, of which skepticism, fatigue, anxiety, and inefficiency are the main components. For the empirical analysis of the data, principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. The results show that 12% of Chilean teachers participating in the study feel techno-fatigued, 13% feel techno-anxious, and 11% present both conditions. Male teachers show a higher incidence of techno-anxiety and techno-fatigue than their female peers. It can be concluded that the questionnaire used is a reliable tool to evaluate the presence of technostress, and it manifests itself importantly in its components of techno-anxiety and techno-fatigue in Chilean teachers.

Capitalization was first articulated by Langston (1994) to describe how individuals increase their own positivity by sharing good news with others. This study tests the idea that sometimes people share positive news with others they do not like in an attempt to savor their dissatisfaction with shared accomplishments. A fully crossed randomized 2 X 2 experiment was used to set an initial impression (positive or negative) followed by an interview procedure where the participants would disclose some recent positive event and the confederate interviewer would provide feedback (positive or negative). This procedure was used to test capitalization processes in a lab setting. Limited support for negative capitalization was found. Expectancy Violations Theory is used to describe the relationship between the initial and feedback interactions for standard and negative capitalization processes.

Scholars across management fields have paid increasing attention to the dark side of interorganizational relationships. We first summarize the concept of the “dark side” and its manifestations in interorganizational relationships. We then map the main findings on the antecedents, consequences, and moderating factors of the dark-side manifestations. We relate research gaps to opportunities in our integrative framework. Furthermore, we present a research agenda to advance theory on the manifestation characteristics, the entities and their motivations, the temporality issues, and the positive outcomes of dark-side manifestations

This study aimed to analyze Storytelling practices, within the organizational context, from the perspective of its negative and obscure side, involving both the storyteller and the listener. For this, a research with qualitative approach and exploratory and descriptive objectives was performed, specifically a generic qualitative study. As collection techniques, semi-structured and narrative interviews were used, involving managers and entrepreneurs who have worked in organizations for at least 10 years. In this way it has been possible to identify storytelling practices in the most diverse organizational contexts and what was called the dark side of storytelling, highlighting the danger that stories can cause to people, not only when they are malicious, but also unconsciously, through unpredictable aspects that can cause future problems by telling a story. Among the contributions of this study, we highlight the reflection on the deepening about storytelling, explaining its motivators and results and we suggest to managers the use of storytelling as a form of development and its effective application within organizations, being able to assist the managers in the decision making., Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas do Storytelling, dentro do contexto organizacional, sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo e obscuro, envolvendo tanto o contador como o ouvinte de histórias. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. As técnicas de coletas utilizadas forma a entrevista semiestruturada e a entrevista narrativa. Os participantes do estudo foram gestores e empresários que atuam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos. Desta forma foi possível identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais. Foi possível identificar o que se denominou como o lado negro do storytelling, evidenciando o perigo que as histórias podem causar para as pessoas, não somente quando mal-intencionadas, mas também inconscientemente, por meio de aspectos imprevisíveis que podem causar problemas futuros ao se contar uma história. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo destaca-se primeiro, a contribuição teórica, que está na reflexão sobre o aprofundamento da temática storytelling explicitando seus motivadores e resultados. Segundo, a contribuição gerencial está em sugerir aos gestores o aprimoramento do uso do storytelling como uma forma de desenvolvimento e sua efetiva aplicação dentro das organizações, podendo auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisão.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o Storytelling sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo, envolvendo tanto o contador de histórias como o ouvinte. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. Para seleção dos respondentes, buscou-se entrevistar gestores e empresários que atuavam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos, sendo estes participantes de setores distintos. Pode-se identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais, aument

This study aimed to analyze Storytelling practices, within the organizational context, from the perspective of its negative and obscure side, involving both the storyteller and the listener. For this, a research with qualitative approach and exploratory and descriptive objectives was performed, specifically a generic qualitative study. As collection techniques, semi-structured and narrative interviews were used, involving managers and entrepreneurs who have worked in organizations for at least 10 years. In this way it has been possible to identify storytelling practices in the most diverse organizational contexts and what was called the dark side of storytelling, highlighting the danger that stories can cause to people, not only when they are malicious, but also unconsciously, through unpredictable aspects that can cause future problems by telling a story. Among the contributions of this study, we highlight the reflection on the deepening about storytelling, explaining its motivators and results and we suggest to managers the use of storytelling as a form of development and its effective application within organizations, being able to assist the managers in the decision making., Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas do Storytelling, dentro do contexto organizacional, sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo e obscuro, envolvendo tanto o contador como o ouvinte de histórias. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. As técnicas de coletas utilizadas forma a entrevista semiestruturada e a entrevista narrativa. Os participantes do estudo foram gestores e empresários que atuam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos. Desta forma foi possível identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais. Foi possível identificar o que se denominou como o lado negro do storytelling, evidenciando o perigo que as histórias podem causar para as pessoas, não somente quando mal-intencionadas, mas também inconscientemente, por meio de aspectos imprevisíveis que podem causar problemas futuros ao se contar uma história. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo destaca-se primeiro, a contribuição teórica, que está na reflexão sobre o aprofundamento da temática storytelling explicitando seus motivadores e resultados. Segundo, a contribuição gerencial está em sugerir aos gestores o aprimoramento do uso do storytelling como uma forma de desenvolvimento e sua efetiva aplicação dentro das organizações, podendo auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisão.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o Storytelling sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo, envolvendo tanto o contador de histórias como o ouvinte. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. Para seleção dos respondentes, buscou-se entrevistar gestores e empresários que atuavam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos, sendo estes participantes de setores distintos. Pode-se identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais, aument

Although information systems and technology have brought many benefits into people’s everyday lives, not to mention society as a whole, they are also accompanied by negative consequences. For example, technostress, anxiety, and even different kinds of addictions are among the side effects of information technology use. Clearly, such negative consequences cannot be fully avoided, but at least some of them may be mitigated via good system design. In this study, we addressed the dark side of information technology use in everyday life and in a leisure context, reviewing contributions from the basket of eight information systems journals published between 2004 and early 2018. In our analysis, we utilized the Persuasive Systems Design model in order to recognize and analyze information system characteristics that may mitigate the negative consequences of information technology use.

The study of office designs led to...

O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar a produção científica na área de Marketing focando o tema do Comportamento do Consumidor, buscando encontrar referências ao lado obscuro do comportamento do consumidor com relação à compulsividade e impulsividade na aquisição de produtos. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica considerando os aspectos do consumo pela ótica do conceito da chamada Sociedade de Consumo e pela análise do Comportamento do Consumidor. Procurou-se demonstrar o que a produção científica da área de Marketing produziu como trabalhos nos eventos da ANPAD denominados ENANPAD, nas edições de1997 a2009. Este levantamento demonstrou que, apesar do crescente interesse no tema COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR, não há pesquisa ou produção científica significativa na área, dada a importância do tema para verificação de possível responsabilidade da área de Marketing nos apelos emocionais que poderiam estimular estes comportamentos prejudiciais. CONSUMER BEHAVIORS AND THE HIDE OF THE CONSUMER: A RESEARCH OF THE STATE OF ART OF BRAZILIAN ACADEMIC RESEARCHABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific production in the area of Marketing focusing on the theme of Consumer Behavior, seeking to find references to the dark side of consumer behavior in relation to compulsiveness and impulsiveness in the acquisition of products. For this, a bibliographic research was conducted considering the aspects of consumption from the perspective of the concept of the so-called Consumer Society and the analysis of Consumer Behavior. It was tried to demonstrate what the scientific production of the Marketing area produced like works in the events of the ANPAD denominated ENANPAD, in the editions of 1997 to 2009. This survey demonstrated that, in spite of the increasing interest in the subject CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, there is no research or production significant in the area, given the importance of the theme to verify the possible responsibility of the Marketing

While the number and importance of joint innovation projects between suppliers and their customers continue to rise, the literature has yet to resolve a key question—do embedded ties with customers help or hurt supplier innovation? Drawing on both the tie strength and knowledge literatures, we theorize that embedded ties interact with supplier and customer innovation knowledge to influence supplier innovation. In a sample of 157 Dutch business-to-business innovation relationships, we observe that embedded ties weaken how much suppliers benefit from customer innovation knowledge due to worries about customer opportunism (the dark side of embedded ties). However, we uncover three moderating relationship and governance features that allow suppliers to overcome these dark-side effects and even increase innovation (the bright side of embedded ties). Finally, although we predicted a bright-side effect, we find that embedded ties neither help nor hurt the supplier to leverage its own innovation knowledge in the relationship.

Although the number and importance of joint innovation projects between suppliers and their customers continue to rise, the literature has yet to resolve a key question: Do embedded ties with customers help or hurt supplier innovation? Drawing on both the tie strength and knowledge literatures, the authors theorize that embedded ties interact with supplier and customer innovation knowledge to influence supplier innovation. In a sample of 157 Dutch business-to-business innovation relationships, they observe that embedded ties weaken how much suppliers benefit from customer innovation knowledge because of worries about customer opportunism (the dark side of embedded ties). However, they uncover three moderating relationship and governance features that allow suppliers to overcome these dark-side effects and even increase innovation (the bright side of embedded ties). Finally, although the authors predicted a bright-side effect, they find that embedded ties neither help nor hinder the supplier to leverage its own innovation knowledge in the relationship.