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Views of the exterior and interior of the Harvey D. Gay Mausoleum at Green Lawn Cemetery. Includes the grave of Harvey D. Gay (1829-1878) and Virginia Walcutt (1831-1914).

Nota al título: Datos de número y título de la parte tomados de la cubierta

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https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/r/thumbnail/557612, https://books.google.com/books/ucm?vid=UCM5324976268&printsec=frontcover&img=1, Nota al título: Datos de número y título de la parte tomados de la cubierta, Nota al título: La h. de grab. es un retrato de E. Gambetta "B. Dudensing, sc. New York"

Event at the Sheraton-Ritz Hotel. O.D. Gay is a city planner.

Event at the Sheraton-Ritz Hotel.

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DNA has proved to be an excellent material for nanoscale construction because complementary DNA duplexes are programmable and structurally predictable. However, in the absence of Watson– Crick pairings, DNA can be structurally more diverse. Here, we describe the crystal structures of d(ACTCGGATGAT) and the brominated derivative, d(ACBrUCGGABrUGAT). These oligonucleotides form parallel-stranded duplexes with a crystallographically equivalent strand, resulting in the first examples of DNA crystal structures that contains four different symmetric homo base pairs. Two of the parallel-stranded duplexes are coaxially stacked in opposite directions and locked together to form a tetraplex through intercalation of the 5’-most A–A base pairs between adjacent G–G pairs in the partner duplex. The intercalation region is a new type of DNA tertiary structural motif with similarities to the i-motif. 1H–1H nuclear magnetic resonance and native gel electrophoresis confirmed the formation of a parallel-stranded duplex in solution. Finally, we modified specific nucleotide positions and added d(GAY) motifs to oligonucleotides and were readily able to obtain similar crystals. This suggests that this parallel-stranded DNA structure may be useful in the rational design of DNA crystals and nanostructures.

More than thirty leading scholars and finance practitioners discuss the theory and practice of using enterprise-risk management (ERM) to increase corporate values. ERM is the corporate-wide effort to manage the right-hand side of the balance sheet?a firm's total liability structure-in ways that enable management to make the most of the firm's assets. While typically working to stabilize cash flows, the primary aim of a well-designed risk management program is not to smooth corporate earnings, but to limit the possibility that surprise outcomes can threaten a company's ability to fund its major investments and carry out its strategic plan. Contributors summarize the development and use of risk management products and their practical applications. Case studies involve Merck, British Petroleum, the American airline industry, and United Grain Growers, and the conclusion addresses a variety of topics that include the pricing and use of certain derivative securities, hybrid debt, and catastrophe bonds. Contributors: Tom Aabo (Aarhus School of Business); Albéric Braas and Charles N. Bralver (Oliver, Wyman & Company); Keith C. Brown (University of Texas at Austin); David A. Carter (Oklahoma State University); Christopher L. Culp (University of Chicago); Neil A. Doherty (University of Pennsylvania); John R. S. Fraser (Hyrdo One, Inc.); Kenneth R. French (University of Chicago); Gerald D. Gay (Georgia State University); Jeremy Gold (Jeremy Gold Pensions); Scott E. Harrington (University of South Carolina); J. B. Heaton (Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott LLP); Joel Houston (University of Florida); Nick Hudson (Stern Stewart & Co.); Christopher James (University of Florida); A. John Kearney and Judy C. Lewent (Merck & Co., Inc.); Robert C. Merton and Lisa K. Meulbroek (Harvard Business School); Merton H. Miller (University of Chicago); Jouahn Nam (Pace University); Andrea M. P. Neves (CP Risk Management LLC); Brian W. Nocco (Nationwide Insurance); André F. Perold (Harvard B

More than thirty leading scholars and finance practitioners discuss the theory and practice of using enterprise-risk management (ERM) to increase corporate values. ERM is the corporate-wide effort to manage the right-hand side of the balance sheet?a firm's total liability structure-in ways that enable management to make the most of the firm's assets. While typically working to stabilize cash flows, the primary aim of a well-designed risk management program is not to smooth corporate earnings, but to limit the possibility that surprise outcomes can threaten a company's ability to fund its major investments and carry out its strategic plan. Contributors summarize the development and use of risk management products and their practical applications. Case studies involve Merck, British Petroleum, the American airline industry, and United Grain Growers, and the conclusion addresses a variety of topics that include the pricing and use of certain derivative securities, hybrid debt, and catastrophe bonds. Contributors: Tom Aabo (Aarhus School of Business); Albéric Braas and Charles N. Bralver (Oliver, Wyman & Company); Keith C. Brown (University of Texas at Austin); David A. Carter (Oklahoma State University); Christopher L. Culp (University of Chicago); Neil A. Doherty (University of Pennsylvania); John R. S. Fraser (Hyrdo One, Inc.); Kenneth R. French (University of Chicago); Gerald D. Gay (Georgia State University); Jeremy Gold (Jeremy Gold Pensions); Scott E. Harrington (University of South Carolina); J. B. Heaton (Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott LLP); Joel Houston (University of Florida); Nick Hudson (Stern Stewart & Co.); Christopher James (University of Florida); A. John Kearney and Judy C. Lewent (Merck & Co., Inc.); Robert C. Merton and Lisa K. Meulbroek (Harvard Business School); Merton H. Miller (University of Chicago); Jouahn Nam (Pace University); Andrea M. P. Neves (CP Risk Management LLC); Brian W. Nocco (Nationwide Insurance); André F. Perold (Harvard B

Newspaper assignment sheet attached to print verso identifies photographer Nick Arroyo: "[...] 1742 Mt. Vernon [...] story is profile of a gay Baptist and a Baptist who feels gays are not monsters but unhappy people who were at the two rallies last Sunday... Dick Walsman is the latter. He says he learned about what it means to be gay when he ministered to a trouble[d] gay man in his church who eventually married. Walsman frequently cousults Bible he keeps on his desk. [...] Caption: Dick Walsman in his office with his Bible."

Newspaper assignment sheet attached to print verso identifies photographer Nick Arroyo: "[...] 1742 Mt. Vernon [...] story is profile of a gay Baptist and a Baptist who feels gays are not monsters but unhappy people who were at the two rallies last Sunday... Dick Walsman is the latter. He says he learned about what it means to be gay when he ministered to a trouble[d] gay man in his church who eventually married. Walsman frequently cousults Bible he keeps on his desk. [...] Caption: Dick Walsman in his office with his Bible."

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-inflammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fibroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the inflammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1-9 was determined in synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and dermal fibroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-inflamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-inflammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be differentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the effects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fibroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-inflammatory.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that is known to be altered in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF). Here, we compared the status of promoter DNA methylation of SF from patients with very early RA with SF from patients with resolving arthritis, fully established RA and from non-arthritic patients. DNA was hybridized to Infinium Human methylation 450k and 850k arrays and differential methylated genes and pathways were identified. We could identify a significant number of CpG sites that differed between the SF of different disease stages, showing that epigenetic changes in SF occur early in RA development. Principal component analysis confirmed that the different groups of SF were separated according to their DNA methylation state. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that important functional pathways were altered in both very early and late RASF. By focusing our analysis on CpG sites in CpG islands within promoters, we identified genes that have significant hypermethylated promoters in very early RASF. Our data show that changes in DNA methylation differ in RASF compared to other forms of arthritis and occur at a very early, clinically yet unspecific stage of disease. The identified differential methylated genes might become valuable prognostic biomarkers for RA development.

This project began in 2006 with the formation of the Buckhannon Historic Landmarks Commission. One of the main goals of the commission is to “Encourage and support efforts to identify, evaluate, study, and designate significant structural and archaeological resources. To this end, after much effort on the part of the members of the BHLC as well as through the tremendous support from the Upshur County Historical Society, the downtown Buckhannon Historic District was created and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The next step was to further another other goal of the commission, to “educate Buckhannon residents about the wealth and value of our City’s history, the resources that embody it, and the opportunities that historic preservation offers our community.” In September of 2012, the landmarks commission joined with the historical society to fund an AmeriCorps volunteer to help in researching the remarkable history of the buildings in the downtown district. This research is the result of my year’s study of Buckhannon’s downtown area. All historical photographs provided courtesy of the Upshur County Historical Society, 11 EAST MAIN STREET Building in 2013 The Acme Bookstore was in this building from 1926 until the 1950s. (UCHS, Howard Hiner Collection) HISTORICAL SKETCH Prior to 1876, this land was owned by A.R. Ireland, an early settler of Buckhannon. Upon his death in 1876, the land was sold to Tillotson Janney who lived two lots to the east. Sometime between 1879 and 1894, a small building was erected that was first a bank and then the post office. Between 1913 and 1923, the building underwent remodeling and the back was extended as well as a second story added. For many years following the renovations, the building was home to the Acme Bookstore before it moved next door. Since then it has had many uses including a specialty women’s clothing store, a consignment shop, an insurance office, and currently a cosmetic studio. OWNERS OF RECORD  1988-2013: Howard W. Hathaway Jr.  1986-1988: Phay Edward/Amy W. Tenney  1983-1986: Shelia and Margaret Zickefoose (and husbands)  1982-1983: Henry D/Gay N Stowers  -1982: Wilma J McHenry  1914-1978: B.J Fallon and heirs  1902-1914: The Buckhannon Bank  1876-1902: Tillotson Janney Mary E. Janney Maggie Janney/R.A. Reger  -1876: A.R. Ireland For reference to list above, see in Upshur County Courthouse deed book number/page number: 344/141; 333/256; 309/570; 301/562; 60/80; 59/312; K/319 LIST OF BUSINESSES All dates in italics are spans of time when the business was known to exist in this location. Dates could extend previous to or after stated dates. Construction of Current Building: 1st floor—pre 1894; 2nd floor—1913-1923  2003-2013: Merle Norman Cosmetic Studios  1993: Hathaway’s Insurance Association (UCHS Businesses)  1988: Hand Me Down Consignment Clothing (UCHS Businesses)  1965-1976: Specialty Shop Woman’s Clothing (UCHS Businesses)  1926-1952: Acme Bookstore (UCHS Businesses)  1908-1913: Millinery (Sanborn Maps)  1904: Post Office (Sanborn Maps)  1894-1898: Bank (Sanborn Maps) ADDITIONAL MATERIAL  Alexander R. Ireland, PDF file

Davis is a member of the school board. Event at the Sheraton-Ritz Hotel. O. D. Gay is in the background., This object is referenced in Umbra Search African American History

Event at the Sheraton-Ritz Hotel. O. D. Gay is in the background.

t. 1. J. Fabre, E. Bismark -- t. 2. A. Thiers, A. Dumas -- t. 3. E. Girardin, D. Manin -- t. 4. V. Hugo, E. Figueras -- t. 5. J. Prim, J. Monroy -- t. 6. L. Gambetta, D. Gay -- t. 7-9. Napoleón III -- t. 10. Rossini y Hertzen -- t. 11. Obispo de Orleans, Doctor Verón, Marquesa de Osvault y Mazzini -- t. 12. Ollivier, historiadores Ferrari y Michelet, actriz Georges, pintor Ingres y filósofo Cousin, 3 t. en 1 v.

L to R: Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, and Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and husband to Princess Margaret, speak with O. D. Gay, Head of the Minneapolis Downtown Council; Charles Krusell, President of the Greater Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce; and Star-Tribune columnist, Barbara Flanagan, during a stop in Minneapolis as part of their Royal Tour.

L to R: Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, and Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and husband to Princess Margaret, speak with O. D. Gay, Head of the Minneapolis Downtown Council; Charles Krusell, President of the Greater Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce; and Star-Tribune columnist, Barbara Flanagan, during a stop in Minneapolis as part of their Royal Tour.

L to R: Head of International Multifoods Corporation, William G. Phillips; O. D. Gay, Head of the Minneapolis Downtown Council; Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon and husband to Princess Margaret (not pictured); Minneapolis Star columnist, Barbara Flanagan; and Luella Goldberg, the first woman President of the Minnesota Orchestra Association, speak at a Royal Tour event in Minneapolis.

Foreground, L to R: Minneapolis City Council member, Barbara Carlson; Bob Dayton, of Harold's department store; O. D. Gay, Head of the Minneapolis Downtown Council; an unidentified clown; and Star-Tribune Columnist Barbara Flanagan, pose with a crowd, including people in bear costumes and a group of local dancers, in downtown Minneapolis as part of a promotional photo for the Minneapolis Downtown Council.

Resumen Introducción Una posible opción de tratamiento para el manejo del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es la estimulación magnética transcraneal (EMT) que ha mostrado propiedades antidepresivas superiores al placebo con un buen perfil de seguridad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la reducción en la severidad del TDM y la proporción de eventos adversos (EA) en pacientes con TDM refractario y no refractario, posterior al uso de EMT administrada en monoterapia o tratamiento coadyuvante comparado con terapia farmacológica. Metodología Se planteó una pregunta PICOT de la cual se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios clínicos en las bases de datos Medline, EMBASE y Cochrane. Dos investigadores en forma independiente realizaron la selección de artículos, evaluación de calidad con la herramienta de la colaboración Cochrane y extracción de datos. Se extrajeron datos de eficacia como tasa de respuesta, porcentaje de remisión, calidad de vida, diminución sintomática del trastorno depresivo mayor en la escala de Hamilton y capacidad funcional. Igualmente, proporción de pacientes con EA. Se realizó un meta-análisis de estas variables teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad. Resultados La presente revisión sistemática incluyó 26 estudios clínicos aleatorizados de baja calidad metodológica mostrando que la EMT presentó una eficacia superior cuando es usada como coadyuvante a las terapias con que venían siendo tratados los pacientes con TDM refractario y no refractario en los desenlaces de tasa de respuesta y porcentaje de remisión. En el caso de intervenciones farmacológicas específicas, la EMT presento eficacia similar, tanto en terapia coadyuvante como en monoterapia comparado con las intervenciones farmacológicas. En cuanto a seguridad, la EMT presenta un buen perfil de seguridad debido a que en todos los escenarios estudiados los EA fueron no serios y baja frecuencia Conclusiones La evidencia disponible sugiere que la EMT mostró ser efectivo y seguro para, Introduction One possible treatment option for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which has shown antidepressant properties superior to placebo with a good safety profile. The aim of this study is to determine the reduction in the severity of MDD and proportion of adverse events (AEs) in patients with refractory and non-refractory MDD, following the use of TMS administered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy compared to pharmacological therapy. Methodology A systematic search of a PICOT question was performed in the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane database. Two investigators independently selected citations, assessed of quality using Cochrane Collaboration tool and collected the data. Efficacy data were extracted such as response rate, remission rate, quality of life, symptoms decrease of major depressive disorder in the Hamilton scale and functional capacity. Similarly, proportion of patients with AEs. A meta-analysis of these variables was performed taking into account the heterogeneity. Results This systematic review included 26 randomized trials with low methodological quality showing that TMS had superior efficacy when was used as an adjunct to therapies that were being treated patients with refractory MDD and non-refractory in the outcomes of response rate and percentage of remission. In the case of specific pharmacological interventions, TMS has similarly effective in both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy compared to pharmacological interventions. Regarding to safety, the TMS had a good safety profile because in all scenarios studied the AE were not serious and low frequency Conclusions The available evidence suggests that TMS show to be effective and safe for the management of refractory and non-refractory MDD. However, the evidence is weak therefore major clinical research is necessary in order to support its use., Universidad del Rosario

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone in numerous joints. There is mounting evidence for an important function of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of RA. Activation of cells by microbial components and also by endogenous molecules via Toll-like receptor (TLR) results in the production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and destructive enzymes, some of which can characteristically be found in RA.By immunohistochemistry we found elevated TLR2, 3, and 4 expressions in the rheumatoid synovium. In the synovial lining layer and at sites of invasion into cartilage, RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) are the major cells expressing TLR2, 3, and 4. Stimulation of cultured RASF in vitro with the TLR2 ligand bacterial lipoprotein (bLP), the TLR3 ligand poly(I-C), and the TLR4 ligand LPS was shown to upregulate IL-6 as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1 and 3. These results suggest an important role for TLR2, 3, and 4 in the activation of synovial fibroblasts in RA leading to chronic inflammation and joint destruction.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone in numerous joints. There is mounting evidence for an important function of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of RA. Activation of cells by microbial components and also by endogenous molecules via Toll-like receptor (TLR) results in the production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and destructive enzymes, some of which can characteristically be found in RA.By immunohistochemistry we found elevated TLR2, 3, and 4 expressions in the rheumatoid synovium. In the synovial lining layer and at sites of invasion into cartilage, RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) are the major cells expressing TLR2, 3, and 4. Stimulation of cultured RASF in vitro with the TLR2 ligand bacterial lipoprotein (bLP), the TLR3 ligand poly(I-C), and the TLR4 ligand LPS was shown to upregulate IL-6 as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1 and 3. These results suggest an important role for TLR2, 3, and 4 in the activation of synovial fibroblasts in RA leading to chronic inflammation and joint destruction.

© 2016 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of psychological interventions designed to improve adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of adherence. This will be considered in relation to levels of adherence in a comparison group. Secondary objectives are to assess the impact of interventions on potential predictors of adherence such as motivation, self-efficacy beliefs and healthcare engagement to DMTs adherence.

The human milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains important lipids for growing infants. Anthropometric measurements, milk samples, and infant milk intake were collected in a cohort of eleven healthy mother-infant dyads during exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months. One hundred and sixty-six MFGM lipids were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the infant intake was calculated. The concentrations and intake were compared and associations between infant intake and growth characteristics explored. The lipid concentrations and infant intake varied widely between mother-infant dyads and between months one and three. The infant intake for many species displayed positive correlations with infant growth, particularly phospholipid species. The high variation in lipid intake is likely an important factor in infant growth, with strong correlations identified between the intake of many MFGM lipids and infant head circumference and weight. This study highlights the need for intake measurements and inclusion in cohort studies to elucidate the role of the human milk lipidome in infant growth and development.

The fatty acids (FAs) of human milk (HM) are the building blocks of the HM lipidome, contributing to infant health and development; however, this has not been comprehensively characterised with respect to infant intake. Eighteen Western Australian mother-infant dyads provided monthly longitudinal HM samples during six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Monthly anthropometric measurements, health data and basic maternal food frequency data were also collected. At three months, infant 24 h milk intake and total lipid intake were measured. The FA profile was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation were used to identify associations between HM FA composition, HM FA intake, maternal characteristics and infant growth and developmental outcomes. Mean infant intake of total lipids was 29.7 ± 9.4 g/day. HM FA composition exhibited wide variation between dyads and throughout lactation. Infant intake of a number of FAs, including C15:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:3, was positively related to infant growth (all p < 0.001). There were no relationships detected between C22:5 and C20:5 and infant head circumference. Infant total lipid intake and the infant intake of many FAs play essential roles in infant growth and development. This study highlights the important relationships of many HM FAs not previously described, including C15:0 and C18:2 species. Infant outcomes should be considered in the context of intake in future HM studies.

BACKGROUND: Human milk (HM) lipid content is highly variable, and infants consume different volumes of milk. This makes precise sampling and calculation of the infant lipid intake problematic. OBJECTIVES: In order to describe inaccuracies of estimates of lipid content introduced by various sampling protocols, we compared the true infant lipid intake with estimated intakes using different milk sampling protocols. METHODS: Monthly milk samples (n = 1026) from months 1 to 6 of lactation were collected from 20 healthy, exclusively breastfeeding women. Infant lipid intake was measured by 24-hour test-weighing at month 3. Total lipid content was measured by creamatocrit. Concentrations and infant lipid intakes were calculated using 11 sampling protocols, using either the true milk intake or an average of 800 mL/d. These estimates were compared with the true infant lipid intake using repeated-measures ANOVA and linear mixed modeling with multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The mean maternal age was 32.0 years (SD ± 3.10), and infants were born term (40.1 ± 1.1 weeks) with a mean birth weight of 3.87 kg (SD ± 0.39). The mean true infant lipid intake was 28.6 g/d (SD ± 9.8). The mean estimated lipid intake using 1 morning pre-feed sample underestimated intake by >8.0 g/d. Estimates of infant lipid intake using other sampling protocols and an assumed intake volume of 800 mL/d also resulted in a wide range of differences (0.8-18.1 g/d) from the true intake. Use of 6 daily pre- and post-feed milk samples had a mean difference of only 0.1 g/d (95% CI, -2.9 to 2.7) from the true intake. CONCLUSIONS: A sampling protocol with 6 pre- and post-feed samples provides the most accurate estimate of lipid intake if it is not possible to perform 24-hour test weights. The potential inaccuracies of sampling protocols should be taken into consideration in the interpretation and translation of infant lipid intake results.

Human milk provides the infant with the essential nutritive and non-nutritive factors required for health, growth and development. The human milk lipidome is complex, but comprises predominantly triacylglycerides. Historically, the fatty acid profile of the entire human milk lipidome has been investigated, and many relationships have been identified between infant health and fatty acids. Most of these fatty acids are, however, delivered to the infant as triacylglycerides. Using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry, the objective of this study was to characterise the triacylglyceride profile of human milk and elucidate relationships between the triacylglyceride profile and infant outcomes in a cohort of 10 exclusively breastfeeding woman-infant dyads. 205 triacylglycerides were identified, including 98 previously not reported in human milk. The dose of specific triacylglycerides differed in relation to infant health, such as lauric acid containing TAGs, which were delivered in significantly higher dose to healthy infants compared to unwell infants.

BACKGROUND: Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are those born small for their gestational age, with weight below the 10th percentile. Not only do SGA infants suffer growth issues after birth, they have elevated risk for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Current research has suggested that in cases of SGA infants, maternal milk and breastfeeding are not affected. The mother of an SGA infant was diagnosed with placental insufficiency and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during her pregnancy. The infant was born term, at 38 weeks 3 days, and SGA. The mother had a low milk supply and her milk composition differed from reference values such that the daily infant intake provided less than 50% of the required energy intake at 3 months. CONCLUSION: In cases of SGA and/or GDM, maternal milk quality and quantity may be compromised. This requires follow-up in order to reduce the disease risk for SGA infants and the corresponding public health implications.

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-infammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fbroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the infammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1–9 was determined in synovial fbroblasts (RASF) and dermal fbroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-infamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-infammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be diferentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the efects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fbroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-infammatory.

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-infammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fbroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the infammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1–9 was determined in synovial fbroblasts (RASF) and dermal fbroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-infamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-infammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be diferentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the efects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fbroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-infammatory.

Extracted nonstationary oscillations and nonlinear trends of precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) data reveal that rainfall variability in Mexico City is mainly composed by a long‐term positive trend, a multidecadal oscillation highly correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and year‐to‐year variability. The precipitation trend, lasting for more than a century, cannot be attributed to global warming or urbanization alone; rather, it can be thought of as part of a natural oscillation composed of alternating wet‐dry anomalies with a period of a couple of centuries, as past evidence indicates. To further test the dependence of the AMO‐related component, yearly SST time series were derived from a simplified model of the atmosphere‐ocean system forced by white noise. The simulated SST time series exhibits AMO‐like variability entirely consistent with the observed one, implying that North Atlantic SST multidecadal variability can be seen as the integrated response of surface ocean layers to external stochastic atmospheric forcing.

Extracted nonstationary oscillations and nonlinear trends of precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) data reveal that rainfall variability in Mexico City is mainly composed by a long‐term positive trend, a multidecadal oscillation highly correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and year‐to‐year variability. The precipitation trend, lasting for more than a century, cannot be attributed to global warming or urbanization alone; rather, it can be thought of as part of a natural oscillation composed of alternating wet‐dry anomalies with a period of a couple of centuries, as past evidence indicates. To further test the dependence of the AMO‐related component, yearly SST time series were derived from a simplified model of the atmosphere‐ocean system forced by white noise. The simulated SST time series exhibits AMO‐like variability entirely consistent with the observed one, implying that North Atlantic SST multidecadal variability can be seen as the integrated response of surface ocean layers to external stochastic atmospheric forcing.

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-infammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fbroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the infammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1–9 was determined in synovial fbroblasts (RASF) and dermal fbroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-infamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-infammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be diferentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the efects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fbroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-infammatory.

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-infammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fbroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the infammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1–9 was determined in synovial fbroblasts (RASF) and dermal fbroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-infamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-infammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be diferentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the efects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fbroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-infammatory.

3D seismic data located in the Gjallar Ridge (Vøring Basin, offshore Norway) reveals a closely-spaced polygonal fault system affecting more than 800 m of homogeneous mud-dominated Quaternary and Tertiary sequences. As some faults reach the modern seafloor, they represent an active polygonal fault system at present day. Even if the processes remain unclear and are still under debate, it is generally agreed that the initiation of polygonal faults is the result of shallow burial dewatering of fine-grained unconsolidated sediments by volumetric compaction. 3D seismic data are commonly interpreted by propagating horizons automatically and by picking faults manually. However, in the case of polygonal fault intervals, this approach is time consuming due to the huge number of faults and because automatic propagation can be misleading. In this study, we applied a new technique of 3D seismic interpretation based on a sequential stratigraphy analysis, using the new PaleoScan© software (Eliis Company). It allowed us to build a 3D geological model computing more than 300 horizons within the faulted intervals. We then used the coherency attribute, depicting anomalies in the shape of seismic waveform like faults, in order to constrain a possible link between fault distribution and stratigraphic levels. Our approach allows fault throws to be calculated in milliseconds on any polygonal fault plane. The result shows that fault segments have been reactivated by dip-linkage. Distribution of faults depends on mechanical units, intervals characterized by different petrophysical properties, which are independent from lithological and diagenetic changes. According to these results, we propose a model showing the evolution of polygonal fault intervals in which faulting stages are separated by a quiescence phase during burial. A first tier of polygonal faults is initiated at a specific depth, according to the Cam–clay model. Then, following a period of quiescence during which mud-rich sedime

3D seismic data located in the Gjallar Ridge (Vøring Basin, offshore Norway) reveals a closely-spaced polygonal fault system affecting more than 800 m of homogeneous mud-dominated Quaternary and Tertiary sequences. As some faults reach the modern seafloor, they represent an active polygonal fault system at present day. Even if the processes remain unclear and are still under debate, it is generally agreed that the initiation of polygonal faults is the result of shallow burial dewatering of fine-grained unconsolidated sediments by volumetric compaction. 3D seismic data are commonly interpreted by propagating horizons automatically and by picking faults manually. However, in the case of polygonal fault intervals, this approach is time consuming due to the huge number of faults and because automatic propagation can be misleading. In this study, we applied a new technique of 3D seismic interpretation based on a sequential stratigraphy analysis, using the new PaleoScan© software (Eliis Company). It allowed us to build a 3D geological model computing more than 300 horizons within the faulted intervals. We then used the coherency attribute, depicting anomalies in the shape of seismic waveform like faults, in order to constrain a possible link between fault distribution and stratigraphic levels. Our approach allows fault throws to be calculated in milliseconds on any polygonal fault plane. The result shows that fault segments have been reactivated by dip-linkage. Distribution of faults depends on mechanical units, intervals characterized by different petrophysical properties, which are independent from lithological and diagenetic changes. According to these results, we propose a model showing the evolution of polygonal fault intervals in which faulting stages are separated by a quiescence phase during burial. A first tier of polygonal faults is initiated at a specific depth, according to the Cam–clay model. Then, following a period of quiescence during which mud-rich sedime

A field experiment to investigate the formation of nitrate as an airstream passes through a hill cap cloud has been performed at the UMIST field station on Great Dun Fell. It has been shown that the aerosol nitrate concentration increased by about 0·5 μg m−3 as the airstream passed through the cloud during the night. At sunrise the nitrate production disappeared. It is suggested that the most likely mechanism for this nitrate production was due to the solution of N2O5 and NO3 formed from the reaction of NO2 with O3. These higher oxides build up overnight in the absence of short wave radiation to photolyse them. Other possible mechanisms of nitrate production are also discussed.