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BackgroundOne Health is defined as an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems; this approach attracts stakeholders from multiple sectors, academic disciplines, and professional practices. The diversity of expertise and interest groups is frequently and simultaneously framed as (1) a strength of the One Health approach in the process of understanding and solving complex problems associated with health challenges such as pathogen spillovers and pandemics and (2) a challenge regarding consensus on essential functions of One Health and the sets of knowledge, skills, and perspectives unique to a workforce adopting this approach. Progress in developing competency-based training in One Health has revealed coverage of various topics across fundamental, technical, functional, and integrative domains. Ensuring that employers value the unique characteristics of personnel trained in One Health will likely require demonstration of its usefulness, accreditation, and continuing professional development. These needs led to the conceptual framework of a One Health Workforce Academy (OHWA) for use as a platform to deliver competency-based training and assessment for an accreditable credential in One Health and opportunities for continuing professional development.MethodsTo gather information about the desirability of an OHWA, we conducted a survey of One Health stakeholders. The IRB-approved research protocol used an online tool to collect individual responses to the survey questions. Potential respondents were recruited from partners of One Health University Networks in Africa and Southeast Asia and international respondents outside of these networks. Survey questions collected demographic information, measured existing or projected demand and the relative importance of One Health competencies, and determined the potential benefits and barriers of earning a credential. Respondents were not compensated f

Crime victims rely on the expertise of nationally recognized victim advocates to navigate the complex criminal justice process that includes reporting the crime and participating in the criminal legal system while recovering from trauma. People indirectly involved in traumatic events can also experience adverse effects. Providing direct services to traumatized crime victims may increase an advocate’s risk of developing secondary traumatic stress and negatively affect client services. This study was designed to examine the occurrence of specific symptoms matching the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale to establish a baseline of secondary traumatic stress among a sample of nationally credentialed victim advocates working with military or civilian communities. The data identified potential risk factors, including victim advocates’ caseload volume and frequency, personal history of trauma, the nature of support from their employing organizations, long-term engagement with trauma victims, and demographic variables of gender, age, and ethnicity. This study was quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory. Results indicated secondary traumatic stress is a genuine phenomenon that affects victim advocates working with traumatic crime victims, that advocates working in military or civilian communities did not differ in terms of the impact of indirect trauma exposure and secondary traumatic stress, and that caseload volume was a minor risk factor. Of the 59 respondents, 43 experienced at least one symptom of secondary traumatic stress in the previous 7 days. Comparing advocates working with the military to those working with the civilian community showed half reported high to severe symptoms based on the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale.

This thesis investigated how the challenges of constructing a brand in the twenty-first century are impacting on the idea of a university. There is a growing evidence-base in the literature that demonstrates the influence of marketisation on universities. However, there is little research that explores the intersection between the application of disruptive innovation to universities, how they might respond to disruption and the subsequent effect on the construction of their brands. This raises questions about how marketisation has impacted the internal culture of universities, how institutions manage their brands and, how leadership should confront challenges to the idea of a university. The theoretical framework for this thesis was informed by social constructionism. The data was collected by undertaking semi-structured interviews with 24 senior leaders and marketing professionals employed by universities in the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia and, the People’s Republic of China (China). The data was analysed by applying the step-by-step guide to thematic analysis provided by Braun and Clark (2006). This study found that there was tension as universities constructed and communicated their brand identities; tension as most of the participants perceived that some external stakeholders had constructed different ideas from them about what a university is and represents; and, tension as many of the participants observed senior leadership determining the most effective strategies to balance an inherent desire to protect the traditional idea of a university against the complex challenges that were confronting them. How the participants accounted for this tension was of critical concern to this study. Universities are complex organisations and the findings suggest that there is the potential for tensions to increase as the participants attempt to make sense of the changing demands from their diverse stakeholders. The credential is referre

This thesis investigated how the challenges of constructing a brand in the twenty-first century are impacting on the idea of a university. There is a growing evidence-base in the literature that demonstrates the influence of marketisation on universities. However, there is little research that explores the intersection between the application of disruptive innovation to universities, how they might respond to disruption and the subsequent effect on the construction of their brands. This raises questions about how marketisation has impacted the internal culture of universities, how institutions manage their brands and, how leadership should confront challenges to the idea of a university. The theoretical framework for this thesis was informed by social constructionism. The data was collected by undertaking semi-structured interviews with 24 senior leaders and marketing professionals employed by universities in the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia and, the People’s Republic of China (China). The data was analysed by applying the step-by-step guide to thematic analysis provided by Braun and Clark (2006). This study found that there was tension as universities constructed and communicated their brand identities; tension as most of the participants perceived that some external stakeholders had constructed different ideas from them about what a university is and represents; and, tension as many of the participants observed senior leadership determining the most effective strategies to balance an inherent desire to protect the traditional idea of a university against the complex challenges that were confronting them. How the participants accounted for this tension was of critical concern to this study. Universities are complex organisations and the findings suggest that there is the potential for tensions to increase as the participants attempt to make sense of the changing demands from their diverse stakeholders. The credential is referre

Personal data is often disclosed with every registration, sharing, or request of an online service. With the increased usage of things connected to the Internet, users' information being collected and stored, the risks related to unknowingly sharing personal data increases. Sharing of personal information is a sensitive subject and can hurt people’s assets, dignity, personal integrity and other social aspects. In general, users’ concerns have grown regarding protecting their personal information which has led to the development of multiple privacy-oriented systems. In scenarios where users are logging onto a website or system, they rarely notice, understand or have desire to read the conditions to which they are implicitly agreeing. These systems are often referred to as identity management systems or single sign-on systems. Recent studies have shown that users are not aware of what data transactions take place by using various authentication solutions. It is critical for these types of system dealing with privacy that researchers examine users' understanding of the concepts through interface design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usability and user awareness of data transactions for identity management systems on mobile devices by constructing and evaluating different design concepts. Therefore, four different mobile prototypes were designed (called CREDENTIAL Wallet) and explored to measure the usability and also the user awareness of users’ disclosures. 20 usability tests were conducted per prototype. Multiple conclusions can be drawn from this study. The findings showed that the drag-and-drop prototype scored a high user awareness score in terms of participants remembering their shared data and having a good idea of them not sharing more data than they had actually shared. Consequently, the drag-and-drop prototype achieved the highest usability result. A prototype that utilized swiping was created to fit the mobile medium. The prototype showed t, CREDENTIAL

Personal data is often disclosed with every registration, sharing, or request of an online service. With the increased usage of things connected to the Internet, users' information being collected and stored, the risks related to unknowingly sharing personal data increases. Sharing of personal information is a sensitive subject and can hurt people’s assets, dignity, personal integrity and other social aspects. In general, users’ concerns have grown regarding protecting their personal information which has led to the development of multiple privacy-oriented systems. In scenarios where users are logging onto a website or system, they rarely notice, understand or have desire to read the conditions to which they are implicitly agreeing. These systems are often referred to as identity management systems or single sign-on systems. Recent studies have shown that users are not aware of what data transactions take place by using various authentication solutions. It is critical for these types of system dealing with privacy that researchers examine users' understanding of the concepts through interface design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usability and user awareness of data transactions for identity management systems on mobile devices by constructing and evaluating different design concepts. Therefore, four different mobile prototypes were designed (called CREDENTIAL Wallet) and explored to measure the usability and also the user awareness of users’ disclosures. 20 usability tests were conducted per prototype. Multiple conclusions can be drawn from this study. The findings showed that the drag-and-drop prototype scored a high user awareness score in terms of participants remembering their shared data and having a good idea of them not sharing more data than they had actually shared. Consequently, the drag-and-drop prototype achieved the highest usability result. A prototype that utilized swiping was created to fit the mobile medium. The prototype showed t, CREDENTIAL

Доклад посвящен решению задачи реализации двухфакторной аутентификации пользователя в системе., The report is devoted to the solution of a problem of realization two-factor authentication in a system.

We posit that potentially compromised credentials are detectable by analyzing the system artifacts of a large-scale production, single-signon system. With permission from the Defense Manpower Data Center, we analyze a year s worth of system artifacts produced by the Department of Defense Self-Service Logon system. Using industry standard tools and descriptive statistics we develop a repeatable process that identifies potentially compromised credentials. We look for characteristics that coincide with compromised credentials and evaluate our approach by obtaining the ground truth on several of the credentials we identify.

Alternative certification programs for primary and secondary school teachers face a difficult challenge: they must develop highly qualified and high quality teachers while adapting to the unique on-the-job training needs of their participants. Research literature indicates that many programs suffer from a lack of cohesion between coursework and fieldwork, with a resulting sense of fragmentation on the part of participating teachers. The literature points to relevant and applied coursework combined with mentoring as possible remedies. However, little in the research literature describes the actual mentor practices and program design features that can accomplish this integration. This study addresses that gap, describing mentor practices and program design elements that foster theory and practice integration in effective alternative certification programs. Utilizing a cross case study design, I studied four mentor-novice pairs in two alternative teacher credential programs. Drawing conceptually on the theoretical literature on situated learning in communities of practice, I develop a means of categorizing mentor and novice practices as planned integration boundary practices, emergent integration boundary practices, program practices, and school site practices. I found that the mentors in this study, to varying degrees and with varying consistency, engaged in boundary practices that assisted novices in connecting coursework with fieldwork. Integration was most pronounced when mentors used their knowledge of the program's practices, their knowledge of classroom instruction generally, and their novice's instruction and teaching context specifically, to capitalize on opportunities for integration. Mentors made both spontaneous and structured connections between instruction and school site demands on the one hand; and coursework, assignments, and program conceptions of effective teaching on the other hand. Mentor practices were shaped by the design of the programs in sever

Alternative certification programs for primary and secondary school teachers face a difficult challenge: they must develop highly qualified and high quality teachers while adapting to the unique on-the-job training needs of their participants. Research literature indicates that many programs suffer from a lack of cohesion between coursework and fieldwork, with a resulting sense of fragmentation on the part of participating teachers. The literature points to relevant and applied coursework combined with mentoring as possible remedies. However, little in the research literature describes the actual mentor practices and program design features that can accomplish this integration. This study addresses that gap, describing mentor practices and program design elements that foster theory and practice integration in effective alternative certification programs. Utilizing a cross case study design, I studied four mentor-novice pairs in two alternative teacher credential programs. Drawing conceptually on the theoretical literature on situated learning in communities of practice, I develop a means of categorizing mentor and novice practices as planned integration boundary practices, emergent integration boundary practices, program practices, and school site practices. I found that the mentors in this study, to varying degrees and with varying consistency, engaged in boundary practices that assisted novices in connecting coursework with fieldwork. Integration was most pronounced when mentors used their knowledge of the program's practices, their knowledge of classroom instruction generally, and their novice's instruction and teaching context specifically, to capitalize on opportunities for integration. Mentors made both spontaneous and structured connections between instruction and school site demands on the one hand; and coursework, assignments, and program conceptions of effective teaching on the other hand. Mentor practices were shaped by the design of the programs in sever

Various promising distributing computing paradigms such as Grids, P2P and Clouds have emerged over Internet. How to build the trust relationship among principals in such an open computing environment has become an important issue. Automated trust negotiation (ATN) approach aims to gradually build trust relationship between strangers through the interactively disclosing of credentials and security policies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid tree model which can embed both policies and credential sets in the tree nodes, and is able to describe fine-grained security policy with attributes or negotiation context information. Based on the hybrid tree model, we design a negotiation tree building algorithm. We have designed a HiTrust System and experimental results demonstrate that the HiTrust service has a good scalability. © 2010 IEEE.

Various promising distributing computing paradigms such as Grids, P2P and Clouds have emerged over Internet. How to build the trust relationship among principals in such an open computing environment has become an important issue. Automated trust negotiation (ATN) approach aims to gradually build trust relationship between strangers through the interactively disclosing of credentials and security policies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid tree model which can embed both policies and credential sets in the tree nodes, and is able to describe fine-grained security policy with attributes or negotiation context information. Based on the hybrid tree model, we design a negotiation tree building algorithm. We have designed a HiTrust System and experimental results demonstrate that the HiTrust service has a good scalability. © 2010 IEEE.

Various promising distributing computing paradigms such as Grids, P2P and Clouds have emerged over Internet. How to build the trust relationship among principals in such an open computing environment has become an important issue. Automated trust negotiation (ATN) approach aims to gradually build trust relationship between strangers through the interactively disclosing of credentials and security policies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid tree model which can embed both policies and credential sets in the tree nodes, and is able to describe fine-grained security policy with attributes or negotiation context information. Based on the hybrid tree model, we design a negotiation tree building algorithm. We have designed a HiTrust System and experimental results demonstrate that the HiTrust service has a good scalability. © 2010 IEEE.

We present the first dynamic universal accumulator that allows (1) the accumulation of elements in a DDH-hard group G and (2) one who knows x such that y = gx has - or has not - been accumulated, where g generates G, to efficiently prove her knowledge of such x in zero knowledge, and hence without revealing, e.g., x or y. We introduce the Attribute-Based Anonymous Credential System, which allows the verifier to authenticate anonymous users according to any access control policy expressible as a formula of possibly negated boolean user attributes. We construct the system from our accumulator.

CHDS State/Local, We posit that potentially compromised credentials are detectable by analyzing the system artifacts of a large-scale production, single-signon system. With permission from the Defense Manpower Data Center, we analyze a year’s worth of system artifacts produced by the Department of Defense Self-Service Logon system. Using industry standard tools and descriptive statistics we develop a repeatable process that identifies potentially compromised credentials. We look for characteristics that coincide with compromised credentials and evaluate our approach by obtaining the ground truth on several of the credentials we identify., http://archive.org/details/detectingpotenti1094542712, Civilian, Defense Manpower Data Center

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) defines insider threat as the risk posed by workers with inside access and knowledge to exploit vulnerabilities in the nation's transportation systems. In recent years, insiders have been leveraged by criminal and terrorist organizations to further nefarious plots in the aviation system. This thesis examines policy options for TSA to mitigate insider threats in the domestic aviation system and discusses the effectiveness of TSA's insider threat programs. This thesis also explores whether TSA can be more effective at insider threat prevention with additional intelligence collection authorities. The insider threat programs of the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Intelligence and Analysis, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United Kingdom's MI5, and federal defense contractor Lockheed Martin are analyzed to identify alternative solutions. At their core, insider threat policies center around three primary areas: security programs, counterintelligence programs, and organizational culture. TSA should establish its own counterintelligence program while continuing to fine-tune its security programs. Integrating counterintelligence and security programs enhances an organization's ability to detect and prevent insider threats. Finally, taking additional steps to establish a strong security ethos within the airport environment will help further harden the target., http://archive.org/details/mitigatinginside1094556861, Field Intelligence Officer, Transportation Security Administration, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Advances in technology have provided journalists the tools to obtain and share real-time information during domestic-terrorist and mass-shooting incidents. This real-time information-sharing compromises the safety of first responders, victims, and reporters. Real-time sharing of tactical operations, including the positioning of law enforcement, firefighters, and their equipment, impacts the security and effectiveness of emergency responders in mitigating the public threat. The Department of Defense (DOD) fought a similar battle with members of the media more than a decade ago with the creation of its embedded reporter program. This thesis explores the following question: Can first response agencies and journalists in the United States adopt an embedded journalist program for domestic terrorist or mass-shooting events? The research reviewed the DOD's embedded reporter program and explored potential modifications for use within the United States. The thesis finds that although it is possible to create a collaborative embedded reporter program for use within the United States, it may be more feasible to adopt portions of the program such as placing an embargo on all tactical operations, creating a formal media training program, and implementing media credentials., http://archive.org/details/domesticembedded1094552943, National Security Affairs (NSA), Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.