Search

Den här studien syftar till att belysa UEFA-Pro som utbildning för att förstå hur kravet på licens kan motiveras. Licensen ger behörighet att verka som huvudtränare på svensk fotbolls elitnivå, med andra ord Allsvenskan, Superettan och OBOS Damallsvenskan. Empirin utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tränare som verkar eller verkat på hög, svensk nivå, samt en representant från fotbollsförbundet. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har vi använt oss av Coté & Gilbert (2009) för att undersöka i vilken utsträckning utbildningen täcker de kunskapsområden som anses viktiga i en svensk elitkontext. Hur utbildningen värderar tränarnas tysta kunskap är ytterligare perspektiv i studien (Nash & Collins, 2006). Det är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt. Resultat av studien visar på ett brett kursinnehåll som täcker de berörda kunskaperna från studiens teoretiska perspektiv. Samtidigt visar studien att det behövs ytterligare forskning på dagens formella tränarutbildningar då den kritik som framkommit mot dessa till viss del upplevs utdaterad. Viss begränsning finns i studien eftersom empirin utgörs av endast sex intervjuer och således blir det svårt att återge en bild som är representativ för hela den svenska tränarkåren som verkar på elitnivå., This study aims to highlight the UEFA Pro as an education to understand how the requirement for the license can be justified for eligibility to operate as an elite level coach in Swedish football. The requirement of UEFA Pro license applies to Allsvenskan, Superettan and OBOS Damallsvenskan. The empirical data is obtained by semi-structured interviews with coaches that are or recently have been working at a prominent level of Swedish football. The Swedish football federation is also represented as an interview object. The purpose is to examine the image of the content in the educational process. As a theoretical framework, we have used Coté & Gilbert (2009) to investigate the extent to which the education covers the areas of knowledge that are considered important in a Swedish elite context. We have also used (Nash & Collins, 2006) tacit knowledge as a further perspective in the study. The method is qualitative and the approach inductive. The results proves that the content is wide and does cover relevant knowledge from the theoretical perspective. The study highlights that further research is needed on today’s formal coach educations as the criticism that has emerged against these perceived as outdated. There is some limitation in the study because the empirical data consists of only six interviews, and it would be difficult to produce an image that is representative of the entire Swedish coaching staff that operates at elite level.

Zweck – Es ging in den Jahren 2002 bis 2006 darum, zu beantworten, ob eine erneute Verlängerung der Start- und Landebahn in Hamburg-Finkenwerder über die vorhandene Bahnlänge von 2684 m hinaus für den Airbus A380 Frachter notwendig war. Überprüfung der von Airbus in Auftrag gegebenen Gutachten. Information der Entscheidungsträger. Beteiligung am Planfeststellungsverfahren. --- Methodik – Recherche der von Airbus veröffentlichten Angaben und Vergleich mit den Erkenntnissen aus dem Flugbetrieb und den Flugwissenschaften. --- Ergebnisse – Eine Verlängerung der Start- und Landebahn ist nicht notwendig. --- Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit – Es wurden keine eigenen Berechnungen der Start- und Landestrecken durchgeführt, weil Diagramme dafür von Airbus im Internet veröffentlicht waren und genutzt werden konnten. --- Bedeutung in der Praxis – Information der Betroffenen im Dorf Neuenfelde. --- Soziale Bedeutung – Allgemeine Information über die Presse mit dem Ziel der Versachlichung der Diskussion. --- Originalität – Es gab außer dieser unabhängigen Aufklärungsarbeit keine andere Information, die auch nur annähernd vergleichbar detailliert und fachlich fundiert war.

This article introduces the university initiative "Heidelberg Clinical Standards", a project that provides medical students with standardized clinical-practical and communication skills using training videos and manuals. Medical students from more than 20 medical faculties in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland can access the manuals' e-versions and the corresponding training videos via our e-learning platform. Accordingly, the Heidelberg teaching and examination standards have become an important reference for teaching clinical practical skills to medical students in German-speaking countries., Wir stellen in diesem Artikel die universitäre Initiative "Heidelberger Klinische Standards" vor, die mit Lehrfilmen und Kitteltaschenbüchern standardisiert klinisch-praktische und kommunikative Fertigkeiten für Medizinstudierende vermittelt. Über unsere Online-Lernplattform haben Medizinstudierende von mehr als 20 medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz Zugang zu den digitalen Versionen der Kitteltaschenbücher und korrespondierenden Lehrfilmen, so dass der Heidelberger Lehr- und Prüfungsstandard eine wichtige Referenz für die Vermittlung klinisch-praktischer Fertigkeiten für Medizinstudierende im deutschsprachigen Raum geworden ist.

Den här studien syftar till att belysa UEFA-Pro som utbildning för att förstå hur kravet på licens kan motiveras. Licensen ger behörighet att verka som huvudtränare på svensk fotbolls elitnivå, med andra ord Allsvenskan, Superettan och OBOS Damallsvenskan. Empirin utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tränare som verkar eller verkat på hög, svensk nivå, samt en representant från fotbollsförbundet. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har vi använt oss av Coté & Gilbert (2009) för att undersöka i vilken utsträckning utbildningen täcker de kunskapsområden som anses viktiga i en svensk elitkontext. Hur utbildningen värderar tränarnas tysta kunskap är ytterligare perspektiv i studien (Nash & Collins, 2006). Det är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt. Resultat av studien visar på ett brett kursinnehåll som täcker de berörda kunskaperna från studiens teoretiska perspektiv. Samtidigt visar studien att det behövs ytterligare forskning på dagens formella tränarutbildningar då den kritik som framkommit mot dessa till viss del upplevs utdaterad. Viss begränsning finns i studien eftersom empirin utgörs av endast sex intervjuer och således blir det svårt att återge en bild som är representativ för hela den svenska tränarkåren som verkar på elitnivå., This study aims to highlight the UEFA Pro as an education to understand how the requirement for the license can be justified for eligibility to operate as an elite level coach in Swedish football. The requirement of UEFA Pro license applies to Allsvenskan, Superettan and OBOS Damallsvenskan. The empirical data is obtained by semi-structured interviews with coaches that are or recently have been working at a prominent level of Swedish football. The Swedish football federation is also represented as an interview object. The purpose is to examine the image of the content in the educational process. As a theoretical framework, we have used Coté & Gilbert (2009) to investigate the extent to which the education covers the areas of knowledge that are considered important in a Swedish elite context. We have also used (Nash & Collins, 2006) tacit knowledge as a further perspective in the study. The method is qualitative and the approach inductive. The results proves that the content is wide and does cover relevant knowledge from the theoretical perspective. The study highlights that further research is needed on today’s formal coach educations as the criticism that has emerged against these perceived as outdated. There is some limitation in the study because the empirical data consists of only six interviews, and it would be difficult to produce an image that is representative of the entire Swedish coaching staff that operates at elite level.

Zweck – Es ging in den Jahren 2002 bis 2006 darum, zu beantworten, ob eine erneute Verlängerung der Start- und Landebahn in Hamburg-Finkenwerder über die vorhandene Bahnlänge von 2684 m hinaus für den Airbus A380 Frachter notwendig war. Überprüfung der von Airbus in Auftrag gegebenen Gutachten. Information der Entscheidungsträger. Beteiligung am Planfeststellungsverfahren. --- Methodik – Recherche der von Airbus veröffentlichten Angaben und Vergleich mit den Erkenntnissen aus dem Flugbetrieb und den Flugwissenschaften. --- Ergebnisse – Eine Verlängerung der Start- und Landebahn ist nicht notwendig. --- Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit – Es wurden keine eigenen Berechnungen der Start- und Landestrecken durchgeführt, weil Diagramme dafür von Airbus im Internet veröffentlicht waren und genutzt werden konnten. --- Bedeutung in der Praxis – Information der Betroffenen im Dorf Neuenfelde. --- Soziale Bedeutung – Allgemeine Information über die Presse mit dem Ziel der Versachlichung der Diskussion. --- Originalität – Es gab außer dieser unabhängigen Aufklärungsarbeit keine andere Information, die auch nur annähernd vergleichbar detailliert und fachlich fundiert war.

Aim: Medical training is undergoing a dramatic shift toward alternative training methods due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study is the first to examine medical students' expectations, experiences, and mental burden related to volunteering in COVID-19 patient support and treatment services using semi-structured interviews.Methods: In May 2020, all 194 Heidelberg University Medical School students involved in volunteer COVID-19 support and treatment services were invited to participate in a cross-sectional, qualitative interview study. The semi-structured interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using Mayring's principles for content analysis.Results: We interviewed 12 medical students (8 female, mean age 23.2 years, mean medical training 3.7 years) working in Heidelberg COVID-19 crises management services, i.e., the Heidelberg Medical Hospital COVID-19 inpatient and outpatient units. The analysis revealed two key themes: "Expectations and structural barriers" and "Experiences and mental burden". The participants reported uncertainty and apprehension before starting their voluntary work. Although they initially found volunteering to be somewhat disorganized, their roles became clearer with time. In addition, they reported good team cohesion, which helped reduce initial concerns and uncertainties. The participants also felt that working in the field had helped them maintain their professional identification while standard medical classes and bedside learning were suspended due to the COVID-19 crises. Overall, they reported little volunteer work-related mental burden.Conclusions: The participants felt that volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis had benefited their professional development. A designated liaison person, psychosocial support, and introductory and accompanying courses could help alleviate initial concerns and interim difficulties in future crisis-related assignments., Ziel: Die medizinische Ausbildung erfährt aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie eine dramatische Störung, einhergehend mit einer Umstellung auf Online-Unterricht und alternativen Lehrangeboten. Dies ist die erste Studie, die mit Hilfe halbstrukturierter Interviews die Erwartungen, Erfahrungen und psychischen Belastungen von Studierenden bei der freiwilligen Mitarbeit in Betreuungs- und Behandlungsdiensten für COVID-19-Patienten untersucht.Methoden: Im Mai 2020 wurden alle 194 Medizinstudenten, die an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg an freiwilligen Unterstützungs- und Behandlungsdiensten, während der COVID-19-Krise beteiligt waren, zur Teilnahme an einer qualitativen Querschnitt-Interview-Studie eingeladen. Die halbstrukturierten Interviews wurden digital aufgezeichnet, wortwörtlich transkribiert und nach den Prinzipien der induktiven Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.Ergebnisse: Wir befragten 12 Medizinstudierende (8 weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 23,2 Jahre) mit einer mittleren Ausbildungszeit von 3,7 Jahren, die in verschiedenen COVID-19-Managementdiensten wie der stationären COVID-19-Fachabteilung oder den COVID-19-Ambulanzen der Medizinischen Klinik Heidelberg tätig waren. Die qualitative Analyse ergab zwei zentrale Themen: "Strukturelle Hindernisse und Erwartungen" und "Erfahrungen" einschließlich emotionaler Aspekte wie psychische Belastung. Was die strukturellen Hindernisse und Erwartungen betrifft, so erlebten die Studierenden vor Beginn ihrer ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeit Gefühle der Unsicherheit und Befürchtungen. Was die Erfahrungen betrifft, so berichteten die Studierenden von einem Gefühl des Wohlbefindens und der Sicherheit bei der Arbeit in ihren Teams, so dass die eigentliche Arbeit nicht als so einschüchternd oder beängstigend wie befürchtet empfunden wurde. Das klinische Praktikum trug auch dazu bei, die Identifikation der Studierenden mit dem Arztberuf aufrechtzuerhalten, zumal der reguläre Unterricht und das Lernen am Krankenbett wä

In the present commentary, we raise the question whether the COVID-19 pandemic should be seen as just the dress rehearsal for what awaits us in the impending climate crisis. Many factors have helped us navigate the challenge of this coronavirus pandemic and continue to do so. These include: recognizing scientific expertise, medical education, and digitalization as important driving forces, providing us with key information about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as integrating it into our curricula and promoting action-oriented research. However, the "premiere of the climate pandemic" will, in all likelihood, confront us with even greater challenges, difficulties, and threats. Adhering to scientific findings, promoting medical education about the effects of global warming and using the power of digitalization, as well as consciously engaging in our role as medical caregivers and leaders will make a decisive contribution to providing impetus for climate action., Der vorliegende Kommentar wirft die Frage auf, ob die COVID-19-Pandemie als eine Generalprobe für das zu sehen ist, was uns in der bevorstehenden Klimakrise erwartet. Eine Vielzahl an Faktoren hat dazu beitragen, dass wir die Herausforderung der Corona-Pandemie aktiv bewältigen konnten und können. Hierzu gehören: die Integration von Wissenschaftlichkeit, der Einbezug von Medizinstudierenden, Lehre und Digitalisierung als Impulsgeber, Informationen über das SARS-CoV-2-Virus, deren Integration in die Curricula und nicht zuletzt eine handlungsbezogene Forschung. Die Klimakrise wird uns jedoch im Sinne einer "Premiere der Klima-Pandemie" aller Voraussicht nach vor noch größere Bedrohungen und Schwierigkeiten stellen. Die Beachtung und Integration wissenschaftlicher Evidenz, die Lehre über die Auswirkungen der globalen Erwärmung, die bewusste Wahrnehmung ärztlicher Rollen- und Vorbildfunktionen sowie die Digitalisierung können dabei als Handlungsimpulse von besonderer Relevanz sein.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a power seat structure that can serve as an alternativeto the one developed by Koenigsegg for their upcoming model Gemera and potentially others.The power seat structure will be designed around an existing chassis and will use it as areference to create an accommodating power seat structure. It will be designed to be used witha fixed-back seat that is used in the development process of the Gemera.Koenigsegg requires that the power seat structure allows for horizontal and lifting motion, aswell as tilting. These functions will be adapted to the power seat structure designed by theproject group.Due to confidentiality concerns, some parts of this thesis will not be made available to thepublic.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a power seat structure that can serve as an alternativeto the one developed by Koenigsegg for their upcoming model Gemera and potentially others.The power seat structure will be designed around an existing chassis and will use it as areference to create an accommodating power seat structure. It will be designed to be used witha fixed-back seat that is used in the development process of the Gemera.Koenigsegg requires that the power seat structure allows for horizontal and lifting motion, aswell as tilting. These functions will be adapted to the power seat structure designed by theproject group.Due to confidentiality concerns, some parts of this thesis will not be made available to thepublic.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are a common occupational health problem among healthcare workers. The emergence of new technologies such as motion capture offers a new approach to the study of the work conditions. This research studies the situation of nurses and surgeons both through the use of motion capture and traditional manual modelling of digital manikins. The research has been carried out through the study of six tasks, four of which performed by nurses and two by surgeons. Tasks have been selected after a literature review and interviews with surgeons and nurses. The six tasks have been evaluated using two software: Jack Tecnomatix, whose input was manual modelling of manikins following observational techniques; and IPS IMMA, whose input was motion capture files captured through Xsens Motion Trackers Awinda and processed with MVN Analyze. Results indicated that the tasks analysed were potentially harmful to workers, being the trunk and upper limb regions the ones that comprised higher levels of risk.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are a common occupational health problem among healthcare workers. The emergence of new technologies such as motion capture offers a new approach to the study of the work conditions. This research studies the situation of nurses and surgeons both through the use of motion capture and traditional manual modelling of digital manikins. The research has been carried out through the study of six tasks, four of which performed by nurses and two by surgeons. Tasks have been selected after a literature review and interviews with surgeons and nurses. The six tasks have been evaluated using two software: Jack Tecnomatix, whose input was manual modelling of manikins following observational techniques; and IPS IMMA, whose input was motion capture files captured through Xsens Motion Trackers Awinda and processed with MVN Analyze. Results indicated that the tasks analysed were potentially harmful to workers, being the trunk and upper limb regions the ones that comprised higher levels of risk.

Introduction: Over five billion people in mainly low and middle income countries (LMICs) do not have access to safe surgery. This is due to a lack of available and functional medical equipment, where up to 70% of the existing equipment is broken. Some reasons for this shortage in medical equipment are a lack of funding, maintenance, training, educated procurement and infrastructure. To improve access to affordable quality equipment in LMICs, the design of a low cost and high quality Electrosurgical unit (ESU) is suggested. An ESU is an essential operating tool to assist surgeons on various operations. To start the design process, critical design requirements are laid out in this paper based on the properties and thermal performance of three existing devices.Theoretical Background: Electrosurgery is used in various operations to cut and coagulate tissue through high frequency current. By changing the power intensity and waveform of the current, tissue can be heated to different levels. The coagulation of tissue occurs between 60-100°C, while vaporization occurs >100°C. Hazards in electrosurgery include current leakage and the detachment of the return electrode, which can cause burns to the user, staff or patient. Methods: The design requirements were obtained by conducting experiments and comparing three ESUs. Two of the ESUs are regarded as high-end devices, while the third, due to a low price and a simplified design, can be seen as a low-end device. Through a Property Test and a Thermal Camera Test, cut and coagulation modes were tested for each electrosurgical device at different powers and loads. For the Property Test the power, waveforms, crest factor, current and voltage at activation were measured and analysed. To understand the effects of the measured properties, a thermal camera was used to measure the heat map on tofu samples (simulating human tissue) that were exposed to currents from each of the three ESUs.Results: The actual power was measured to be l

Since the founding of the earliest colleges in the United States, the built campus environment has been designed and modified to foster a healthy student body, a vision long challenged by sedentary study. One building type has served as the focal point of administrative and pedagogical efforts to respond to the perils of sedentary classroom study: the campus gymnasium. Often among the first buildings to populate a new campus, gymnasia housed special apparatuses for physical training and postural remediation, both of which were intended to move, strengthen, and train student bodies to withstand the rigors of scholarly life. Founded in 1861 as the first women’s college and with the explicit goal of educating student minds and bodies, Vassar College is an apt case study to understand how shifting ideas about the perils of sedentary behavior were translated to the specific context of college settings and responded to through a host of interventions over time. By analyzing Vassar’s spaces of physical education, I demonstrate how gymnasia—from the earliest gyms of the 1860s and 1870s to today’s athletic facilities—have both shaped and reflected changing ideas regarding the perils of sedentary study and methods for mitigating its effects on the student body. In particular, I show how the shift from in loco parentis to laissez-faire and risk management paradigms of campus governance mirror a shift in public health approaches, from a focus on broad, environmental and policy interventions to approaches targeting individual behaviors and risk mitigation. At the same time—and stemming from these changes—physical education courses and programs moved from a compulsory part of the college curriculum and experience to a leisure-time pursuit. The result of these shifts can be read in both campus interventions and the built environment as movement (physical education) was relegated—administratively and spatially—to the periphery of campus. Yet the decline of compulsory physical educa

Since the founding of the earliest colleges in the United States, the built campus environment has been designed and modified to foster a healthy student body, a vision long challenged by sedentary study. One building type has served as the focal point of administrative and pedagogical efforts to respond to the perils of sedentary classroom study: the campus gymnasium. Often among the first buildings to populate a new campus, gymnasia housed special apparatuses for physical training and postural remediation, both of which were intended to move, strengthen, and train student bodies to withstand the rigors of scholarly life. Founded in 1861 as the first women’s college and with the explicit goal of educating student minds and bodies, Vassar College is an apt case study to understand how shifting ideas about the perils of sedentary behavior were translated to the specific context of college settings and responded to through a host of interventions over time. By analyzing Vassar’s spaces of physical education, I demonstrate how gymnasia—from the earliest gyms of the 1860s and 1870s to today’s athletic facilities—have both shaped and reflected changing ideas regarding the perils of sedentary study and methods for mitigating its effects on the student body. In particular, I show how the shift from in loco parentis to laissez-faire and risk management paradigms of campus governance mirror a shift in public health approaches, from a focus on broad, environmental and policy interventions to approaches targeting individual behaviors and risk mitigation. At the same time—and stemming from these changes—physical education courses and programs moved from a compulsory part of the college curriculum and experience to a leisure-time pursuit. The result of these shifts can be read in both campus interventions and the built environment as movement (physical education) was relegated—administratively and spatially—to the periphery of campus. Yet the decline of compulsory physical educa

Nature As Discourse:A Co-Evolutionary Systems Approach to Art and Environmental Designby Susannah HaysDoctor of Philosophy in Interdisciplinary Studies University of California, BerkeleyProfessor Galen Cranz, ChairTransdisciplinarity, an international education movement that explores pathways to a coherent epistemology beyond all disciplines, seeks to become a sustaining vital force in human development. To do so, it needs to be complemented by a branch of epistemology called epistemics or self-knowledge. Only if co-evolutionary phylogenetic principles of human-brain and autonomic nervous system functioning are included in transdisciplinarity’s model can individuals experientially evolve to the levels of reality the model entails. An actual, “true to life,” transdisciplinary education teaches isomorphic qualities intrinsic to perception, pattern mapping, language, and aesthetic (non-directive) skills. Curricula utilizing these educational tools will result in indispensable, creative learning environments. A trajectory not yet explored in other literature on Transdisciplinarity is an emphasis on cross-cultural research in human- brain and autonomic nervous system dynamics. Three key understandings that guide human biological evolutionary processes toward higher levels of consciousness are Paul MacLean’s triune-brain neuroethology, Stephen Porges’ Polyvagal Theory of emotions, and G. I. Gurdjieff’s three-centered self-study practice. Each chapter describes a non-profit organization whose goal is to raise humanity’s normative level of participation in environmental sustainability. These organizations demonstrate how Transdisciplinarity can recalibrate human evolution, if the educational movement synthesizes the autonomic/cognitive forces within Homo sapiens’ biological organization.

Nature As Discourse:A Co-Evolutionary Systems Approach to Art and Environmental Designby Susannah HaysDoctor of Philosophy in Interdisciplinary Studies University of California, BerkeleyProfessor Galen Cranz, ChairTransdisciplinarity, an international education movement that explores pathways to a coherent epistemology beyond all disciplines, seeks to become a sustaining vital force in human development. To do so, it needs to be complemented by a branch of epistemology called epistemics or self-knowledge. Only if co-evolutionary phylogenetic principles of human-brain and autonomic nervous system functioning are included in transdisciplinarity’s model can individuals experientially evolve to the levels of reality the model entails. An actual, “true to life,” transdisciplinary education teaches isomorphic qualities intrinsic to perception, pattern mapping, language, and aesthetic (non-directive) skills. Curricula utilizing these educational tools will result in indispensable, creative learning environments. A trajectory not yet explored in other literature on Transdisciplinarity is an emphasis on cross-cultural research in human- brain and autonomic nervous system dynamics. Three key understandings that guide human biological evolutionary processes toward higher levels of consciousness are Paul MacLean’s triune-brain neuroethology, Stephen Porges’ Polyvagal Theory of emotions, and G. I. Gurdjieff’s three-centered self-study practice. Each chapter describes a non-profit organization whose goal is to raise humanity’s normative level of participation in environmental sustainability. These organizations demonstrate how Transdisciplinarity can recalibrate human evolution, if the educational movement synthesizes the autonomic/cognitive forces within Homo sapiens’ biological organization.

Political protest is an increasingly frequent occurrence in urban public space. Duringtimes of protest, the use of urban space transforms according to special regulatory circumstancesand dictates. The reorganization of economic relationships under neoliberalism carries with itchanges in the regulation of urban space. Environmental design is part of the toolkit of protestcontrol.Existing literature on the interrelation of protest, policing, and urban space can be brokendown into four general categories: radical politics, criminological, technocratic, and technicalprofessional.Each of these bodies of literature problematizes core ideas of crowds, space, andprotest differently. This leads to entirely different philosophical and methodological approachesto protests from different parties and agencies.This paper approaches protest, policing, and urban space using a critical-theoreticalmethodology coupled with person-environment relations methods. This paper examines politicalprotest at American Presidential National Conventions. Using genealogical-historical analysisand discourse analysis, this paper examines two historical protest event-sites to develop baselinesfor comparison: Chicago 1968 and Dallas 1984. Two contemporary protest event-sites areexamined using direct observation and discourse analysis: Denver 2008 and St. Paul 2008.Results show that modes of protest policing are products of dominant socioeconomicmodels of society, influenced by local policing culture and historical context. Each of the protestevent-sites studied represents a crisis in policing and the beginning of a transformation in modesof protest policing. Central to protest policing is the concept of territorial control; means toachieve this control vary by mode of protest policing, which varies according to dominantsocioeconomic model. Protesters used a variety of spatial strategies at varying degrees oforganization. Both protesters and police developed innovations in spatial practice in order tom

Political protest is an increasingly frequent occurrence in urban public space. Duringtimes of protest, the use of urban space transforms according to special regulatory circumstancesand dictates. The reorganization of economic relationships under neoliberalism carries with itchanges in the regulation of urban space. Environmental design is part of the toolkit of protestcontrol.Existing literature on the interrelation of protest, policing, and urban space can be brokendown into four general categories: radical politics, criminological, technocratic, and technicalprofessional.Each of these bodies of literature problematizes core ideas of crowds, space, andprotest differently. This leads to entirely different philosophical and methodological approachesto protests from different parties and agencies.This paper approaches protest, policing, and urban space using a critical-theoreticalmethodology coupled with person-environment relations methods. This paper examines politicalprotest at American Presidential National Conventions. Using genealogical-historical analysisand discourse analysis, this paper examines two historical protest event-sites to develop baselinesfor comparison: Chicago 1968 and Dallas 1984. Two contemporary protest event-sites areexamined using direct observation and discourse analysis: Denver 2008 and St. Paul 2008.Results show that modes of protest policing are products of dominant socioeconomicmodels of society, influenced by local policing culture and historical context. Each of the protestevent-sites studied represents a crisis in policing and the beginning of a transformation in modesof protest policing. Central to protest policing is the concept of territorial control; means toachieve this control vary by mode of protest policing, which varies according to dominantsocioeconomic model. Protesters used a variety of spatial strategies at varying degrees oforganization. Both protesters and police developed innovations in spatial practice in order tom

Museum buildings have clear behavioral functions; they also have symbolic functions, to express the privileged space and valuable objects they contain. This research looks closely at a recently-completed museum building in Denver, Colorado. Located in a regional city in the middle of the United States, the Denver Art Museum explicitly wanted to replicate the success of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao with its new wing. This case study utilizes a multi-method approach, with findings based on interviews with key stakeholders, archival data, and direct observations of the building and the spaces it creates.From the beginning, the Hamilton Building had functions to fulfill beyond preserving and displaying art: it was to be its own fundraising tool, to represent Denver to the world and the Museum to Denver residents, and to draw cultural tourists in the same way that the Guggenheim museum drew tourists to Bilbao. As such, with a bond approved by the voters, the selection committee hired Daniel Libeskind as the primary architect, based on his personality, political savvy, and exuberant conceptual design. The form of the building fulfills the programmatic requirements of the bond, while simultaneously fulfilling more symbolic functions. Its image is used as one of six in an international marketing campaign to boost tourism to Denver. The building is written about in the local, national, and international press, and while not all comments are positive, it does draw attention to Denver. The irregular spaces for art push curators and exhibition designers to be creative in how art is displayed, even changing art display tactics in the older, square-walled building. Artists generally like creating art specifically for the space, and one of the most successful shows in the building allowed visitors to watch art getting created and installed--an idea that was completely new to the Museum. In conclusion, a new museum type has emerged, one where the building is as important as the art

Museum buildings have clear behavioral functions; they also have symbolic functions, to express the privileged space and valuable objects they contain. This research looks closely at a recently-completed museum building in Denver, Colorado. Located in a regional city in the middle of the United States, the Denver Art Museum explicitly wanted to replicate the success of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao with its new wing. This case study utilizes a multi-method approach, with findings based on interviews with key stakeholders, archival data, and direct observations of the building and the spaces it creates.From the beginning, the Hamilton Building had functions to fulfill beyond preserving and displaying art: it was to be its own fundraising tool, to represent Denver to the world and the Museum to Denver residents, and to draw cultural tourists in the same way that the Guggenheim museum drew tourists to Bilbao. As such, with a bond approved by the voters, the selection committee hired Daniel Libeskind as the primary architect, based on his personality, political savvy, and exuberant conceptual design. The form of the building fulfills the programmatic requirements of the bond, while simultaneously fulfilling more symbolic functions. Its image is used as one of six in an international marketing campaign to boost tourism to Denver. The building is written about in the local, national, and international press, and while not all comments are positive, it does draw attention to Denver. The irregular spaces for art push curators and exhibition designers to be creative in how art is displayed, even changing art display tactics in the older, square-walled building. Artists generally like creating art specifically for the space, and one of the most successful shows in the building allowed visitors to watch art getting created and installed--an idea that was completely new to the Museum. In conclusion, a new museum type has emerged, one where the building is as important as the art

The Key Strategic Issues List (KSIL) is published annually for the purpose of making students and other researchers aware of strategic topics that are, or are likely to become, of special importance to the U.S. Army. The list is a compilation of input from the faculty at the Strategic Studies Institute, the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Army's senior leadership, as well as from civilian and military defense experts. The topics are updated annually and reflect current as well as ongoing strategic concerns. The underlying theme this year is strategic rebalancing -- as the U.S. Army prepares to shift its focus from counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations to carrying out rebalancing initiatives, shaping the strategic environment, deterring regional aggression, improving crisis response capabilities, and completing its downsizing efforts. Consolidation of important strategic and tactical successes in the war against al Qaeda also will continue, as will the efforts to distill lessons from the campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. Functional Strategic Issues: Landpower Employment -- Evolving Roles and Missions; Landpower Generation and Sustainment; Strategy and Military Change in an Austere Environment; Leadership, Civil-Military Relations, and Culture; Cyber Attack/Defense, Networks, Information Technology; and Homeland Security/Civil Support. Evolving Regional Strategic Issues: Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, South and Central Asia, and Western Hemisphere. Command Sponsored Topics from the National Guard Bureau, U.S. Army Reserve, U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM), U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM), U.S. Army's Cyber Command (ARCYBER), U.S. European Command (EUCOM), U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM) and North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM), and U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC-ARCIC).

American cities have gone through major transformation as the automobile has become the primary means of transportation for the masses. This change has come with long-lasting implications for the experience of urban life and for the streets. This dissertation analyzes various livable city advocates' efforts to reshape cities, and particularly, to challenge automobiles' dominant influence on urban form. The analysis first focuses on three carfree-streets events--Critical Mass, Park(ing) Day and Sunday Streets--and later, on the recent physical and social transformations in San Francisco, California. The study examines the implications and limits of carfree-streets events on urban social and spatial justice with mixed research methods.Each carfree-streets event is different and unique, yet each reclaims public space from automobiles and assumes an underlying need to make cities and urban streets more inclusive of multiple users and uses. Thus, the research is situated at the intersection of discussions about right to the city, public sphere, appropriation of urban space, and the right to green and livable cities. Two foundational theoretical concepts help frame the analysis: "counterspaces" (Lefebvre 1991) and "counterpublics" (Fraser 1992). Analysis of the three carfree-streets events details temporary counterspaces created during the events and the multiple reasons that underlie the carfree-streets counterpublics' interest in alternative uses of streets. Analysis of spatial changes details the City's recently developed programs through which the local government's role is reduced to a manager, and the cost and efforts involved in providing improvements to public spaces are significantly outsourced to community groups, private and civic sector.I argue that such spatial transformations may indicate an extreme case of neoliberalism in which the do-it-yourself attitude is institutionalized. Further, the marginalized position of non-motorists in the context of their limi

American cities have gone through major transformation as the automobile has become the primary means of transportation for the masses. This change has come with long-lasting implications for the experience of urban life and for the streets. This dissertation analyzes various livable city advocates' efforts to reshape cities, and particularly, to challenge automobiles' dominant influence on urban form. The analysis first focuses on three carfree-streets events--Critical Mass, Park(ing) Day and Sunday Streets--and later, on the recent physical and social transformations in San Francisco, California. The study examines the implications and limits of carfree-streets events on urban social and spatial justice with mixed research methods.Each carfree-streets event is different and unique, yet each reclaims public space from automobiles and assumes an underlying need to make cities and urban streets more inclusive of multiple users and uses. Thus, the research is situated at the intersection of discussions about right to the city, public sphere, appropriation of urban space, and the right to green and livable cities. Two foundational theoretical concepts help frame the analysis: "counterspaces" (Lefebvre 1991) and "counterpublics" (Fraser 1992). Analysis of the three carfree-streets events details temporary counterspaces created during the events and the multiple reasons that underlie the carfree-streets counterpublics' interest in alternative uses of streets. Analysis of spatial changes details the City's recently developed programs through which the local government's role is reduced to a manager, and the cost and efforts involved in providing improvements to public spaces are significantly outsourced to community groups, private and civic sector.I argue that such spatial transformations may indicate an extreme case of neoliberalism in which the do-it-yourself attitude is institutionalized. Further, the marginalized position of non-motorists in the context of their limi

Comparative research on the relationship between everyday spaces of consumption and cultural metaconcepts offers insight into how consumers experience and construct meaning through the use of space. In practice theory, metaconcepts, the "structuring structures" of consumer meaning and emotion, are understood to operate at the individual, group, and cultural level. Consumers engage cultural metaconcepts -- in this case, the Danish concept of hygge and coziness, its typical American translation --!through banal acts, such as making morning coffee, and exceptional consumption, such as remodeling one's home. Likewise, metaconcepts act across social scale. The emotional experience of hygge can be experienced alone or in a group, but the concept is also strongly linked to Danish identity and to the home. Therefore, the ideal of hygge influences the everyday purchases that constitute the majority of middle-class consumption. Through everyday consumption, hygge has a strong relationship to the material arrangement and use of the home. Hygge influences everything from the size and shape of the dining table to the relationship of the living room to the front door. These material arrangements shape both social relationships and consumption, reinforcing cultural ideals and norms. Previous research on hygge, homeyness, and atmosphere, however, has lacked a comparative perspective, making it difficult to identify cultural differences in the metaconcepts that drive much normal, routine, and habitual consumption. From a review of literature from fields including cultural geography, anthropology, sociology, and architecture, I identify seven concepts that typify scholarly approaches to the home. I then conduct a two-part analysis for understanding the intangible, multivalent, and fleeting concepts of hygge and coziness in a sample of seventeen everyday domestic settings near Copenhagen, Denmark and Portland, Oregon. First is a comparative research video ethnographic method designed

Comparative research on the relationship between everyday spaces of consumption and cultural metaconcepts offers insight into how consumers experience and construct meaning through the use of space. In practice theory, metaconcepts, the "structuring structures" of consumer meaning and emotion, are understood to operate at the individual, group, and cultural level. Consumers engage cultural metaconcepts -- in this case, the Danish concept of hygge and coziness, its typical American translation --!through banal acts, such as making morning coffee, and exceptional consumption, such as remodeling one's home. Likewise, metaconcepts act across social scale. The emotional experience of hygge can be experienced alone or in a group, but the concept is also strongly linked to Danish identity and to the home. Therefore, the ideal of hygge influences the everyday purchases that constitute the majority of middle-class consumption. Through everyday consumption, hygge has a strong relationship to the material arrangement and use of the home. Hygge influences everything from the size and shape of the dining table to the relationship of the living room to the front door. These material arrangements shape both social relationships and consumption, reinforcing cultural ideals and norms. Previous research on hygge, homeyness, and atmosphere, however, has lacked a comparative perspective, making it difficult to identify cultural differences in the metaconcepts that drive much normal, routine, and habitual consumption. From a review of literature from fields including cultural geography, anthropology, sociology, and architecture, I identify seven concepts that typify scholarly approaches to the home. I then conduct a two-part analysis for understanding the intangible, multivalent, and fleeting concepts of hygge and coziness in a sample of seventeen everyday domestic settings near Copenhagen, Denmark and Portland, Oregon. First is a comparative research video ethnographic method designed

"Having imported Western capitalist land use and building practices, including high-rises, suburbs, second homes, cars and freeways, the Chinese have decided that they also need the Western antidote-- sustainability. Accordingly, the Department of Architecture at Southeast University in Nanjing, China invited a teaching team from UC Berkeley to develop a formal four-week course on sustainable settlement practices with emphasis on social and cultural aspects. This paper reports on that experience, specifically how we taught sustainable architecture, urban design, and planning from social and cultural perspectives on the premise that sustainability is a fundamentally social project of epic proportions. Our model of sustainability emphasizes horizontal integration of systems rather than the standalone building. Integration of systems is more important than energy independence. A whole systems approach connects all functional sectors (transportation, land use, water management, air quality, energy, social organization) at all scales (starting with the body and moving on to consider to the room, building, public space, neighborhood, city, and region). We develop this theoretical perspective on sustainability through 4 teaching strategies. 1) Create a reader of the "top 10" articles on sustainable building and settlement practices, and reinforce the concepts through visual presentations and interactive learning exercises, such as Merchants “council of all beings.” 2) Analyze the traditional Chinese practice of feng shui for those guidelines relating to sustainable design practices and re-formulate them as empirically testable research propositions in order to develop a joint research agenda for the next several years with our Chinese students and colleagues. 3) Learn how education and socialization to new and historical values occurs in the context of Chinese society and culture. For example, the Communist government is now invoking Taoism to promote a pro-nature ethic an

This essay describes the Swedish furniture business and its strong competition between domestic and foreign producers. As the demand on higher development speed grows stronger, alongside a fierce competition between the companies, long lasting and unique qualities such as customer relations and strong brand names become crucial. Nowadays many furniture producers chose to sell their products through retailers and they therefore miss out on invaluable direct contact with their customers. Consequently, this means that they lack the perquisite to build relations or more importantly, to communicate their brand. To illustrate the problem a case study and a survey have been carried out. The study compares the strategic marketing works between producers who have own concept stores and those who uses retailers. In addition to this the customer’s image perception has also been examined. The theories are based on Branding, relationship marketing and Event Marketing. The result of the study is supported by an analysis of the theories and the studies. It indicated that the producers with own concept stores have better prerequisite to build relations and to communicate with their customers than those who use retailers. The conclusion is that the work with branding and relations is a way for the Swedish furniture producers to strengthen their image and to give their customers an added value. The added value will in the long run lead to loyal customers and a positive reputation., I bakgrunden framgår att möbelbranschen kantas av stor konkurrens både mellan inhemska och utländska producenter. Kraven på ökad utvecklingstakt i kombination med intensiv konkurrens gör att uthålliga och unika konkurrensmedel som varumärken och relationer söks. Då många möbelproducenter har sin försäljning via återförsäljare saknar de direktkontakt med kunderna och har inte förutsättningar för att skapa relationer eller att kommunicera sitt varumärke. För att belysa problemet har en flerfallsstudie och en surveyundersökning gjorts. Undersökningarna jämför arbetet med den strategiska marknadsföringen hos svenska möbelproducenter med konceptbutiker och de som använder sig av återförsäljare. Dessutom undersöks kunders imageuppfattning av företagen. Teoridelen grundas på teorier om varumärke, Branding, relationsmarknadsföring och Event Marketing. Resultatet baseras på en analys av teorierna och undersökningarna. Studiens resultat tyder på att företag med egna konceptbutiker har bättre förutsättningar för att skapa relationer och kommunicera med sina kunder än de som använder sig av återförsäljare. Slutsatsen är att arbetet med varumärke och relationer är ett sätt för svenska möbelproducenter att stärka sin image och ge sina kunder ett mervärde. Mervärdet kommer på sikt att leda till lojala kunder och ett positivt rykte.

This essay describes the Swedish furniture business and its strong competition between domestic and foreign producers. As the demand on higher development speed grows stronger, alongside a fierce competition between the companies, long lasting and unique qualities such as customer relations and strong brand names become crucial. Nowadays many furniture producers chose to sell their products through retailers and they therefore miss out on invaluable direct contact with their customers. Consequently, this means that they lack the perquisite to build relations or more importantly, to communicate their brand. To illustrate the problem a case study and a survey have been carried out. The study compares the strategic marketing works between producers who have own concept stores and those who uses retailers. In addition to this the customer’s image perception has also been examined. The theories are based on Branding, relationship marketing and Event Marketing. The result of the study is supported by an analysis of the theories and the studies. It indicated that the producers with own concept stores have better prerequisite to build relations and to communicate with their customers than those who use retailers. The conclusion is that the work with branding and relations is a way for the Swedish furniture producers to strengthen their image and to give their customers an added value. The added value will in the long run lead to loyal customers and a positive reputation., I bakgrunden framgår att möbelbranschen kantas av stor konkurrens både mellan inhemska och utländska producenter. Kraven på ökad utvecklingstakt i kombination med intensiv konkurrens gör att uthålliga och unika konkurrensmedel som varumärken och relationer söks. Då många möbelproducenter har sin försäljning via återförsäljare saknar de direktkontakt med kunderna och har inte förutsättningar för att skapa relationer eller att kommunicera sitt varumärke. För att belysa problemet har en flerfallsstudie och en surveyundersökning gjorts. Undersökningarna jämför arbetet med den strategiska marknadsföringen hos svenska möbelproducenter med konceptbutiker och de som använder sig av återförsäljare. Dessutom undersöks kunders imageuppfattning av företagen. Teoridelen grundas på teorier om varumärke, Branding, relationsmarknadsföring och Event Marketing. Resultatet baseras på en analys av teorierna och undersökningarna. Studiens resultat tyder på att företag med egna konceptbutiker har bättre förutsättningar för att skapa relationer och kommunicera med sina kunder än de som använder sig av återförsäljare. Slutsatsen är att arbetet med varumärke och relationer är ett sätt för svenska möbelproducenter att stärka sin image och ge sina kunder ett mervärde. Mervärdet kommer på sikt att leda till lojala kunder och ett positivt rykte.

The body has become a fashionable focus in cultural studies, but ironically it is often used as a metaphor, standing for something else, rather than the direct physiological experience of the body. A few architectural scholars (Cranz, Lepori, Franck) have acknowledged the role of the physical body in architectural design. Here, the ear and the psycho-physical process of listening is related to architectural design, in a dramatic case study of Corbusier.

"The role of the body in architectural design (Cranz, Lepori, Franck) is dramatically llustrated in this case study of Corbusier. He undertook a special kind of listening therapy developed and executed by Dr. Alfred Tomatis of Paris. Before his "sonic opening" Corbusier's work was characteristically narrow, constrained, tight, orthogonal,. After his ear opened he designed Ronchamp, characterized as organic, open, asymmetric, flowing and dynamic. The Tomatis method is described in order to explain how this therapeutic intervention might have affected Corbusier's design process. Interviews with Dr. Tomatis describe his direct experience in treating Corbusier."

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., INT. 1: Journalists SHERRY SONTAG and CHRISTOPHER DREW. They are the authors of the new book, "Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage" (PublicAffairs). The two spent six years researching secret submarine missions like how the Navy sent submarines wired with self destruct charges into Soviet waters to tap crucial underwater telephone cables. SONTAG covered government and international affairs for the National Law Journal and has worked at the New York Times, and DREW is a special projects editor at the New York Times.INT. 2: GALEN CRANZ is a Professor of Architecture at the University of California at Berkeley. She's the author of the new book, "The Chair: Rethinking Culture, Body, and Design" (W.W. Norton)REV. : Rock historian ED WARD tells us about the great lost British band, the Soft Boys.

The papers presented in this symposium address the issue of public space appropriation in tcrnis of both the physical architecture of public places and the architecture of gender relations. Shampa and Sanjoy Mazumdar have studied India and Iran, societies where there are public spaces exclusive to each gender and a third accessed by both, being negotiated by women under certain conditions. Laurie Hart and Lefteri Pavlides examined access and utilization of public space in Greece. a society where gender segregation in public space has been replaced with gender integration over the last fifty years. Galen Cranz and Julia Robinson have investigated the utilization of public space in the USA where public space has been generally integrated from the inception of the culture. Use of public space can be seen as an agent of enculturation and socialization, either maintaining social roles and contributing to cultural continuity, or modulating change in social activities and becoming an instrument of cultural change. Physical continuity does not preclude social change as existing public spaces acquire new meanings through subtle or sudden shifts in behavioral changes. Conversely, social behavior and roles are maintained as construction of new public spaces is paralleled by the formation of perceptions which conserve existing social roles and relationships. However change often relies on a synergism between social and physical changes which initiate and reinforce each other. By researching how change or continuity in the architecture of public spaces are appropriated and used in relation to conservation or modifications of gender roles and actions in public places, each presentation sheds some light on the following questions: (*) How does occupying public places influence the conservation or transformation of gender roles? (*) How does the control of secular vs. sacred places vary by gender? (*) How do public spaces have served as arenas for maintaining or contesting the rela

The objective of this symposium is the presentation of the results of courses in which students are matched with architects in order to complete research on human aspects for the a design project currentely under design. We will share our experience in organizing and running architecture courses that provide environmental design research to practicing architects through student research. We will also discuss strategies for evaluating every aspect of such courses and solicit ideas for improving them and disseminating them to architecture schools. Areas we will explore and invite discussion, criticism, and ideas from the audience include: (1.) Who were the architects who participated in this pioneering program, what were reasons they participated, what were their expectations, and how were they recruited? (2.) What input did the participating architects have in formulating the research project and how was the research methodology designed? (3.) What were the lecture topics and readings in preparing students for the research and how did the students perform bibliographic search for their projects? (4.) How was the interaction between students and architects structured and how did it work? (5.) What were the building types researched by students, the range of findings, how were the findings presented to architects, and how did architects utilize the findings for designing? (6.) What were the educational benefits to students and what were the benefits for the architects? (7.) What is the potential of such courses to provide continuing education to architects as students bring ideas and literature from the University to practicing architects? (8.) How to evaluate the impact of student research on improving the built environment?

"For the last 150 years modern parks have been used as a compensation for the stress of living in cities. Environments devoted to production can be ugly and polluting, while those devoted to consumption, in contrast, are idealized landscapes like gardens and parks. In the ub park have had ' u dis inct e ressions: the pleasure ground (1850-1900), the fa i ity '1 930-1965), and the open space system (19651 1 in ark thinking introduced a more artistic vision of Up 1 0 r t S ic s efo m park "1 9 _' 930) . the recreation c rep . The er of he op n spa sy te j es ct t) - t c tse t e g e v ew ce s 0 g ect and consonant with that, sculptors and he y he ity i if b in i ed a an art other gallery artists began to do more work in the public realm. Landscape architects, sculptors and architects have formed an uneasy alliance around percent for art allocations in major public buildings. What has been missing but is on the horizon is the integration of ecology with these three other fields. I predict that the fifth model will express principles of sustainable development and mark a fundamental change in the old counterpoint between park and city. Sustainable development means providing for our present needs without imposing costs of the future. This paper describes the preliminary planning process for sustainable urban development of 23 acres of park and 8.3 million square feet of buildings on Manhattan's Upper West Side. The developer (Trump) offered the park to the City in exchange for the right to build at high density, continuing the traditional function of the park as a compensation for living in cities. Instead, as a member of the team assembled to critique the proposal, the author has proposed that the park be used as a partner in sustainable development. Thus, building which has traditionally been anathema to park theorists might be appropriate in a park if it helped the new buildings recycle their solid waste or sewage. This is a report on an in-progress evolution of a new