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Voices of Virginia pulls together stories from oral history collections from across decades and archives to create an all-audio source companion for Virginia’s high school and college students. The "album" is only two hours long, but contains dozens of short oral histories from eyewitnesses to key moments in American history, from the end of the Civil War to the 1980s. The excerpts are downloadable, accessible by smartphone, and accompanied by a transcript. Mason Multi-Media Award from the Oral History Association. Over twenty archives across Virginia and beyond have generously donated segments, and granted permission for their oral histories to be reproduced and publicly shared under a CC BY NC SA 4.0 license, which ensures that the content remains free to use and re-purpose for all listeners. These archives include: - African American Historical Society of Portsmouth - Amherst Glebe Arts Response - Archives of Appalachia (Eastern Tennessee State University) - Cape Charles Rosenwald Initiative - Center for Documentary Studies and the David M

The article provides for the judicial analysis of how a typical ISDS mechanism, as well as the ICS under the draft texts of TTIP, complies with all the provisions of the principles of independence, impartiality and qualification of the court and its judges, established under ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure, which were adopted by the American Law Institute (ALI) in May 2004 and by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in April 2004. These are the following provisions: judicial independence, impartiality of the court and its judges, reasonable tenure in office, transparency, substantial legal knowledge and experience.

The article provides for the judicial analysis of how a typical ISDS mechanism, as well as the ICS under the draft texts of TTIP, complies with all the provisions of the principles of independence, impartiality and qualification of the court and its judges, established under ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure, which were adopted by the American Law Institute (ALI) in May 2004 and by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in April 2004. These are the following provisions: judicial independence, impartiality of the court and its judges, reasonable tenure in office, transparency, substantial legal knowledge and experience.

Backlogged court dockets in Africa, often requiring claimants to wait years, are common. The resulting perception that justice cannot be attained through official channels is a potential catalyst for intergroup violence and political instability. Alternative Dispute Resolution is an increasingly popular complement to official legal channels to resolve less serious disputes in a timely manner through mediation while enhancing claimants' sense of justice. Establishing legislation supporting Alternative Dispute Resolution as well as broadening the number and caliber of mediators can expedite the adoption of this mechanism.

Security Sector Reform (SSR) is a holistic approach to nation building that focuses on building strong police, military, and justice systems that adhere to the rule of law and have a firm commitment to operating under democratically elected civilian governance. The first SSR program was implemented by the United Kingdom (UK) in Sierra Leone, in support of a broader UN peacekeeping mission, in the aftermath of a decade long civil war in which the entire security sector was destroyed. The UK initially became involved in SSR in Sierra Leone following the 1996 elections, with a specific focus on police reform. However, the kidnapping of UN peacekeepers and the rebel threat to Freetown in 2000 resulted in the UK entering Sierra Leone with a large force. Following this intervention, the UK drastically increased its goals for SSR in Sierra Leone and began an intensive training program for the Sierra Leone military, along with institution building in the entire justice sector and Ministry of Defense (MOD). While UK and international involvement remains high in Sierra Leone, the security sector has operated independently since the removal of the last UN peacekeepers in late 2005. To assess the effectiveness of the SSR programs, this paper compares the current capabilities of the Sierra Leone security sector with those it had in the 1970s, before the country began its slide into civil war. Overall, the thesis finds that the current state of Sierra Leone's security sector is comparable to that of the 1970s, with some exceptions. While the military has added the capability to participate in UN peacekeeping missions, overall the gains remain tentative and a lack of capacity is hampering the effectiveness of the police and justice sector, threatening the gains that have been made. These findings suggest that SSR, as conducted in Sierra Leone, has not been as successful as envisioned, and the results have been comparable to those of more traditional programs., The original document contains color images.

An enforceable undertaking is one of the many sanctions available to a number of Australian regulators. This sanction is widely used in the regulatory community for it allows regulators to reach expeditious solutions to alleged offences at minimal cost to their agencies and the courts. The regulators will usually enter into an enforceable undertaking when they believe that such undertakings will offer a more effective regulatory outcome than other sanctions. This article deals with the following question: Given the apparent popularity of the enforceable undertaking, are the courts in favour of this sanction? In discussing this matter, the author illustrates the support given by the courts to the use of undertakings by regulators and the position of the courts when regulators have sought to enforce undertakings.

Can a court system conceivably control opportunistic behavior if judges are selected from the same population as ordinary citizens and thus are no better than "the rest of us"? This paper provides a new and, as we claim, quite profound "rational choice" answer to that unsolved riddle. Adopting an indirect evolutionary approach with endogenous preference formation the complex interactions between "moral" intrinsic motivation to behave non-opportunistically and extrinsic "formal" controls of opportunism are analysed. Under the assumption that judges are no better than ordinary citizens it is shown that introducing a court system can nevertheless prevent that the more trustworthy are driven out. It cannot be excluded, though, that courts may themselves crowd out trustworthiness under certain circumstances.

Can a court system conceivably control opportunistic behavior if judges are selected from the same population as ordinary citizens and thus are no better than "the rest of us"? This paper provides a new and, as we claim, quite profound "rational choice" answer to that unsolved riddle. Adopting an indirect evolutionary approach with endogenous preference formation the complex interactions between "moral" intrinsic motivation to behave non-opportunistically and extrinsic "formal" controls of opportunism are analysed. Under the assumption that judges are no better than ordinary citizens it is shown that introducing a court system can nevertheless prevent that the more trustworthy are driven out. It cannot be excluded, though, that courts may themselves crowd out trustworthiness under certain circumstances.

This report provides an overview of alternate dispute resolution and its use in the construction industry. An overview of the U.S. legal system is provided as a basis for dispute resolution. Caseload and litigation trends in U.S. courts are discussed. An overview of the various types of alternate dispute resolution and use by Fortune 1000 companies and the U.S. government is provided. Specific considerations of alternate dispute resolution in the construction industry are discussed. The report concludes with case studies from an actual construction mediation and arbitration.

This paper examines the difficulties health professionals face daily when providing care for the mentally disordered offender in the court environment. The role ofthe court nurse is to provide care for people with mental health needs in the court and health professionals can find this a restrictive environment to work in. This is mainly due to the court's legal processes which are designed to punish rather than offer therapeutic alternatives. By advocating for the mentally disordered offender, the court nurse ensures the court is aware of an individual's mental health needs, thus reducing the prospect of inappropriate sentencing, and the associated stigmatisation that may occur as a result of a criminal conviction.

This paper examines the difficulties health professionals face daily when providing care for the mentally disordered offender in the court environment. The role ofthe court nurse is to provide care for people with mental health needs in the court and health professionals can find this a restrictive environment to work in. This is mainly due to the court's legal processes which are designed to punish rather than offer therapeutic alternatives. By advocating for the mentally disordered offender, the court nurse ensures the court is aware of an individual's mental health needs, thus reducing the prospect of inappropriate sentencing, and the associated stigmatisation that may occur as a result of a criminal conviction.

This paper examines the difficulties health professionals face daily when providing care for the mentally disordered offender in the court environment. The role ofthe court nurse is to provide care for people with mental health needs in the court and health professionals can find this a restrictive environment to work in. This is mainly due to the court's legal processes which are designed to punish rather than offer therapeutic alternatives. By advocating for the mentally disordered offender, the court nurse ensures the court is aware of an individual's mental health needs, thus reducing the prospect of inappropriate sentencing, and the associated stigmatisation that may occur as a result of a criminal conviction.

In May 2003, the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project and the Centre for Conflict & Post-Conflict Studies Asia-Pacific hosted the Southern Highlands Province Workshop at the Australian National University. The workshop explored key issues in the Southern Highlands, the nature of conflict, the prospects for conflict transformation, and the possible roles for donors in conflict and post-conflict situations. This discussion paper by Laurence Goldman focuses on the Huli, their reasons for engaging in conflict and their strategies for conflict resolution. A full report on the workshop may be accessed at http://rspas.anu.edu.au/melanesia/conferences.htm

In May 2003, the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project and the Centre for Conflict & Post-Conflict Studies Asia-Pacific hosted the Southern Highlands Province Workshop at the Australian National University. The workshop explored key issues in the Southern Highlands, the nature of conflict, the prospects for conflict transformation, and the possible roles for donors in conflict and post-conflict situations. This discussion paper by Laurence Goldman focuses on the Huli, their reasons for engaging in conflict and their strategies for conflict resolution. A full report on the workshop may be accessed at http://rspas.anu.edu.au/melanesia/conferences.htm

If contract enforcers must be randomly selected from the same population and thus are as opportunistic as ordinary traders could a system of adjudication nevertheless increase the degree to which contractual obligations on large anonymous markets are fulfilled? Adopting an indirect evolutionary approach with endogenous preference formation it can be shown that without superior behaviour of adjudicators an adjudication system can induce untrustworthy traders to behave as if trustworthy. However, in the presence of occasional mistakes adjudication will merely slow down but not fully eliminate the evolutionary advantage of untrustworthy types. Only if arbitrators become judges who receive a fixed income occasional mistakes will not favour untrustworthy types. But even then under non-optimal court politics and unfavourable parameter constellations in a low trust environment the introduction of courts may in fact contribute to the crowding out of the trustworthy.

Trans. of Byulletan' Verkhognogo Suda SSSR (Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the USSR) (Moscow), n3 p36-40, 1961.

Wallace, A. (2015). Merging federal courts’ administration won’t improve services for those who need it. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/merging-federal-courts-administration-wont-improve-services-for-those-who-need-it-49944