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Finding the ''right people'' is a central aspect of social media systems. Twitter has millions of users who have varied interests, professions and personalities. For those in fields such as advertising and marketing, it is important to identify certain characteristics of users to target. However, Twitter users do not generally provide sufficient information about themselves on their profile which makes this task difficult. In response, this work sets out to automatically infer professions (e.g., musicians, health sector workers, technicians) and personality related attributes (e.g., creative, innovative, funny) for Twitter users based on features extracted from their content, their interaction networks, attributes of their friends and their activity patterns. We develop a comprehensive set of latent features that are then employed to perform efficient classification of users along these two dimensions (profession and personality). Our experiments on a large sample of Twitter users demonstrate both a high overall accuracy in detecting profession and personality related attributes as well as highlighting the benefits and pitfalls of various types of features for particular categories of users.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In this paper, we provide an overview of the MANGO project and its goal. The MANGO project aims at addressing power, performance and predictability (the PPP space) in future High-Performance Computing systems. It starts from the fundamental intuition that effective techniques for all three goals ultimately rely on customization to adapt the computing resources to reach the desired Quality of Service (QoS). From this starting point, MANGO will explore different but interrelated mechanisms at various architectural levels, as well as at the level of the system software. In particular, to explore a new positioning across the PPP space, MANGO will investigate system-wide, holistic, proactive thermal and power management aimed at extreme-scale energy efficiency.

© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In this paper, we provide an overview of the MANGO project and its goal. The MANGO project aims at addressing power, performance and predictability (the PPP space) in future High-Performance Computing systems. It starts from the fundamental intuition that effective techniques for all three goals ultimately rely on customization to adapt the computing resources to reach the desired Quality of Service (QoS). From this starting point, MANGO will explore different but interrelated mechanisms at various architectural levels, as well as at the level of the system software. In particular, to explore a new positioning across the PPP space, MANGO will investigate system-wide, holistic, proactive thermal and power management aimed at extreme-scale energy efficiency.

Mobile computers require Mobile IP to preserve connectivity and properly route information while roaming over foreign networks. Registration, forwarding delay, and tunnel initialization diminishes the performance of mobility protocols during handoff. We propose a proactive rather than reactive solution to improve the performance of Mobile IP. We extend the current protocol with two new entities: ghost Mobile Host and ghost Foreign Agent. Our target is mobility scenarios in which mobile hosts are moving at a very high-speed. Our protocol extension uses the Kalman filter to determine the trajectory and speed of the mobile host and to proactively allocate resources for Mobile IP. Preliminary experiments conducted using the RAMON emulator show that the proposed predictive methods offer a promising range of 20-50% of performance improvement. © 2004 IEEE.

Mobile computers require Mobile IP to preserve connectivity and properly route information while roaming over foreign networks. Registration, forwarding delay, and tunnel initialization diminishes the performance of mobility protocols during handoff. We propose a proactive rather than reactive solution to improve the performance of Mobile IP. We extend the current protocol with two new entities: ghost Mobile Host and ghost Foreign Agent. Our target is mobility scenarios in which mobile hosts are moving at a very high-speed. Our protocol extension uses the Kalman filter to determine the trajectory and speed of the mobile host and to proactively allocate resources for Mobile IP. Preliminary experiments conducted using the RAMON emulator show that the proposed predictive methods offer a promising range of 20-50% of performance improvement. © 2004 IEEE.

Business model innovation comprises many theoretical models, frameworks and methodologies; however, there is still little in the way of digital support for them using Computer Aided Design software. In this paper, we present an analysis of real-world usage data from the first generation of such tools that were designed to support the business model canvas. We first present how two artifacts implement features such as colors for grouping, custom attributes and positioning of elements. An examination of how digital support brings about new opportunities in business modeling allows us to compare this with a paper-based version. We then analyze how variations of these features have been used in the real world. Finally, we examine the implications of our observations for the next generation of tools and the advancement of research for dedicated Computer Aided Design tools to support strategic objects such as business models.

Credit card fraud is a growing problem that affects card holders around the world. Fraud detection has been an interesting topic in machine learning. Nevertheless, current state of the art credit card fraud detection algorithms miss to include the real costs of credit card fraud as a measure to evaluate algorithms. In this paper a new comparison measure that realistically represents the monetary gains and losses due to fraud detection is proposed. Moreover, using the proposed cost measure a cost sensitive method based on Bayes minimum risk is presented. This method is compared with state of the art algorithms and shows improvements up to 23% measured by cost. The results of this paper are based on real life transactional data provided by a large European card processing company. © 2013 IEEE.

Credit card fraud is a growing problem that affects card holders around the world. Fraud detection has been an interesting topic in machine learning. Nevertheless, current state of the art credit card fraud detection algorithms miss to include the real costs of credit card fraud as a measure to evaluate algorithms. In this paper a new comparison measure that realistically represents the monetary gains and losses due to fraud detection is proposed. Moreover, using the proposed cost measure a cost sensitive method based on Bayes minimum risk is presented. This method is compared with state of the art algorithms and shows improvements up to 23% measured by cost. The results of this paper are based on real life transactional data provided by a large European card processing company.

Credit card fraud is a growing problem that affects card holders around the world. Fraud detection has been an interesting topic in machine learning. Nevertheless, current state of the art credit card fraud detection algorithms miss to include the real costs of credit card fraud as a measure to evaluate algorithms. In this paper a new comparison measure that realistically represents the monetary gains and losses due to fraud detection is proposed. Moreover, using the proposed cost measure a cost sensitive method based on Bayes minimum risk is presented. This method is compared with state of the art algorithms and shows improvements up to 23% measured by cost. The results of this paper are based on real life transactional data provided by a large European card processing company.

The primary long term objective of this project is to determine a fast and accurate inversion method to estimate bottom properties in shallow water. The objectives of this year s work (FY12) included: 1) continued study of a new deterministic low frequency (LF) geoacoustic inversion (G.I.) method recently featuring the minimization processor (Tolstoy, 10 and 12); 2) demonstration that horizontal arrays can be successfully used for G.I. with the new method (presented at the fall ASA); 3) preparation the LF G.I. method to be applied to ranges beyond 2 km (KRAKEN was integrated into the processing software in preparation for the D. Knobles data); 4) initiation of efforts for the consideration of frequencies above 100Hz at close range (leading to consideration of such frequencies at longer ranges; this was sugggested by K. Becker this past spring). We have already seen that at ranges beyond 1km and at freqs above 100Hz inversion can be problematic if all geoacoustic, environmental, and geometric parameters are unknown., The original document contains color images.

The latest CMMI-DEV version 1.3 shows over 50 instances of Quality Assurance (QA). It is clear that CMMI-DEV and IEEE 730 SQA need to align. The P730 IEEE standards working group has expanded the scope of the SQA process standard to align with IS 12207 software life cycle processes. Presentation will cover IEEE 730 CMMI appendix on implementation if your organization uses the CMMI-DEV framework. We welcome audience feedback and support to enhance this IEEE 730 guidance., Presented at the 23rd Systems and Software Technology Conference (SSTC), 16-19 May 2011, Salt Lake City, UT. Sponsored in part by the USAF. U.S. Government or Federal Rights License

The ACS has prepared this response to the discussion paper to assist with the design of the cyber whitepaper expected in 2012. The ACS also welcomes the opportunity to promote discussion and support of our digital economy to position Australia for the future. Drawing from its membership of ICT professionals, and academics - particularly in areas of cyber resilience and security - the ACS established a Cyber Taskforce for this purpose. The ACS recommends: greater focus on education - noting that ICT education in primary and secondary schooling is essential - to developing ICT skills of the future and that school level educational activity forms the base on which appropriate tertiary level education programs can function for the education and training of ICT professionals; greater assistance to small and medium sized business as this is the engine room of the Australian economy; policy coordination on trusted identities; better coordination of cyber related education and research; providing consumers and businesses with resources directed to the everyday real-life challenges they face; global Internet governance changes designed to underpin and deliver trustworthy people, processes and systems including, where appropriate, a legislated mandatory baseline of trustworthiness attributes analogous to the non-excludable warranties implied in consumer contacts.

The utopian promise of a uniform service landscape in the form of SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI made by service oriented architectures (SOA) built on Web services has proven elusive. Instead more and more prominent Web service providers opted to expose their services based on the REST architectural style. Nevertheless there are still problems on formal describing, finding, and orchestrating RESTful services. While there are already a number of different approaches, none so far has managed to break out of its academic confines. Thus, we propose a novel approach to build Semantic RESTful Services based on proven technologies. The combination of those proven technologies leads to scalable and loosely coupled systems and has the additional advantage, that developers are already familiar with its functioning.

Presented at the 22nd Systems and Software Technology Conference (SSTC), 26-29 April 2010, Salt Lake City, UT. Sponsored in part by the USAF. U.S. Government or Federal Rights License

Presented at the 22nd Systems and Software Technology Conference (SSTC), 26-29 April 2010, Salt Lake City, UT. Sponsored in part by the USAF. U.S. Government or Federal Rights License

A partial function f on a κ-element set Eκ is a partial Sheffer function if every partial function on Eκ is definable in terms of f. Since this holds if and only if f belongs to no maximal partial clone on Eκ, a characterization of partial Sheffer functions reduces to finding families of minimal coverings of maximal partial clones on Eκ. We show that for each κ ≥ 3 there exists a unique minimal covering.

Since software systems need to be continuously available, their ability to evolve at runtime is a key issue. The emergence of models@runtime, combined with Aspect-Oriented Modeling techniques, is a promising approach to tame the complexity of adaptive systems. However, with no support for aspect unweaving, these approaches are not agile enough in an adaptive system context. In case of small modifications, the adapted model has to be generated by again weaving all the aspects, even those unchanged. This paper shows how aspects can be unwoven, based on a precise traceability metamodel dedicated to aspect model weaving. We analyze traceability models, which describe how aspects were woven into a base, to determine the extent to which an aspect has affected the woven model in order to determine how it can be unwoven. Aspect unweaving is finally performed by applying inverse operations of a sub-sequence of the weaving operations in opposite order. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Since software systems need to be continuously available, their ability to evolve at runtime is a key issue. The emergence of models@runtime, combined with Aspect-Oriented Modeling techniques, is a promising approach to tame the complexity of adaptive systems. However, with no support for aspect unweaving, these approaches are not agile enough in an adaptive system context. In case of small modifications, the adapted model has to be generated by again weaving all the aspects, even those unchanged. This paper shows how aspects can be unwoven, based on a precise traceability metamodel dedicated to aspect model weaving. We analyze traceability models, which describe how aspects were woven into a base, to determine the extent to which an aspect has affected the woven model in order to determine how it can be unwoven. Aspect unweaving is finally performed by applying inverse operations of a sub-sequence of the weaving operations in opposite order. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

This paper presents a systematic HDL design of a Sigma - Delta fractional-N phase-locked loop based on behavioral modeling. The proposed design consists in describing the mixed behavior of this PLL architecture starting from the specifications of each building block. The HDL models of critical PLL blocks have been described in VHDL-AMS to predict the different specifications of the PLL. The effect of different noise sources has been efficiently introduced to study the PLL system performances. The obtained results are compared with transistor-level simulations to validate the effectiveness of the proposed models., Anglais

Subthreshold circuits exhibit ultra-low energy per operation at the expense of increased delay. In this contribution, the impact of technology scaling on digital subthreshold circuits is investigated. Migrating from 0.25- mu m to 32-nm node is shown to considerably lower the energy consumption of a subthreshold 8x8-bit RCA multiplier. When reaching the smallest nodes, limitations come from slow scaling of the static energy consumption and the deteriorating static noise margin, which raises robustness issues when considering process variability. These effects result in a loss of energy efficiency. The use of non-minimum channel length is proposed to improve energy efficiency. At 32-nm node, it reduces total energy consumption by a factor 5., Anglais

Large screen displays are being increasingly deployed in public areas for advertising, entertainment, and information display. Recently we have witnessed increasing interest in supporting interaction with such displays using personal mobile devices. To enable the rapid development of public large screen interactive applications, we have designed and developed the MAGIC Broker. The MAGIC Broker provides a set of abstractions and a simple RESTful web services protocol to easily program interactive public large screen display applications with a focus on mobile device interactions. We have carried out a preliminary evaluation of the MAGIC Broker via the development of a number of prototypes and believe our toolkit is a valid first step in developing a generic support infrastructure to empower developers of interactive large screen display applications.

Large screen displays are being increasingly deployed in public areas for advertising, entertainment, and information display. Recently we have witnessed increasing interest in supporting interaction with such displays using personal mobile devices. To enable the rapid development of public large screen interactive applications, we have designed and developed the MAGIC Broker. The MAGIC Broker provides a set of abstractions and a simple RESTful web services protocol to easily program interactive public large screen display applications with a focus on mobile device interactions. We have carried out a preliminary evaluation of the MAGIC Broker via the development of a number of prototypes and believe our toolkit is a valid first step in developing a generic support infrastructure to empower developers of interactive large screen display applications.

Interacting with digital media is at the epicentre of every household. In recent years Interactive Television (iTV) has become a household technology on a global scale. However, iTV is still a new technology in the early stages of its evolution. Our previous research looked at how everyday users of iTV feel about the interactive part of iTV. In a series of studies we investigated how people use iTV services; their likes, dislikes, preferences and opinions. We then developed a second screen-based prototype device in response to these findings and tested it with iTV users in their own homes. This is a work in progress paper that outlines the work carried previously in the area of controlling interactive Television via a second screen. The positive user responses led us to extend the scope of our previous research to look into other related areas such as barriers to digital interactive media and personalisation of digital interactive media at home. The paper is organised into three sections. The first section presents the main aims and objectives of our previous and current research work. The second section provides an outline of our previous research methodology, prototype systems and results. The third section provides the reader with information on the progress of our research endeavours up-to-date and discusses some of the main findings of the first user study conducted thus far.

This paper presents a method to detect passengers onboard public transport vehicles. The method comprises first an elliptical head detection algorithm using the curvature profile of the human head as a cue. This is followed by applying the geometric blur features which are consistent to affine distortion of the image to keep track of the movement of the head within the vehicle. The profile of the moving heads with respect to each other within a length of time can then be used as indicative features to detect the advent of suspicious behaviour of the passengers.

This paper presents a method to detect passengers onboard public transport vehicles. The method comprises first an elliptical head detection algorithm using the curvature profile of the human head as a cue. This is followed by applying the geometric blur features which are consistent to affine distortion of the image to keep track of the movement of the head within the vehicle. The profile of the moving heads with respect to each other within a length of time can then be used as indicative features to detect the advent of suspicious behaviour of the passengers.

The problem of extracting infrequent patterns from streams and building associations between these patterns is becoming increasingly relevant today as many events of interest such as attacks in network data or unusual stories in news data occur rarely. The complexity of the problem is compounded when a system is required to deal with data from multiple streams. To address these problems, we present a framework that combines the time based association mining with a pyramidal structure that allows a rolling analysis of the stream and maintains a synopsis of the data without requiring increasing memory resources. We apply the algorithms and show the usefulness of the techniques.

We show how a standard Grid service architecture can be improved by interposing a policy enforcement engine between a calling application and the relative client stubs. Therefore, with our solution selection and invocations are not hard-coded into client applications but (declaratively) defined and enforced outside the clients; therefore they can be (de)activated and modified on-line. Our policies are specified using the PDL language which supports specification of preferences and prohibitions in the routing of remote invocations to Web services

The Pervasive Computing Laboratory at the University of Florida is dedicated to creating smart environments and assistants to enable elderly persons to live a longer and a more independent life at home. By achieving this goal, technology will increase the chances of successful aging despite an ailing Health Care system (e.g. Medicaid). One of the essential services required to maximize the intelligence of a smart environment is an indoor precision tracking system. Such system allows the smart home to make proactive decisions to better serve its occupants by enabling context-awareness instead of being solely reactive to their commands. This paper presents our hands-on experience and lessons learnt from our first phase work to build up a smart home infrastructure for the elderly. We review location tracking technology and describe the rational behind our choice of the emerging ultrasonic sensor technology. We give an overview of the House of Matilda (an in-laboratory mock up house) and describe our design of a precision in-door tracking system. We also describe an OSGi-based robust framework that abstracts the ultrasonic technology into a standard service to enable the creation of tracking based applications by third party, and to facilitate the collaboration among various devices and other OSGi services. Finally, we describe three pervasive computing applications that use the location-tracking system which we have implemented in Matilda's house. © 2003 IEEE.

The Pervasive Computing Laboratory at the University of Florida is dedicated to creating smart environments and assistants to enable elderly persons to live a longer and a more independent life at home. By achieving this goal, technology will increase the chances of successful aging despite an ailing Health Care system (e.g. Medicaid). One of the essential services required to maximize the intelligence of a smart environment is an indoor precision tracking system. Such system allows the smart home to make proactive decisions to better serve its occupants by enabling context-awareness instead of being solely reactive to their commands. This paper presents our hands-on experience and lessons learnt from our first phase work to build up a smart home infrastructure for the elderly. We review location tracking technology and describe the rational behind our choice of the emerging ultrasonic sensor technology. We give an overview of the House of Matilda (an in-laboratory mock up house) and describe our design of a precision in-door tracking system. We also describe an OSGi-based robust framework that abstracts the ultrasonic technology into a standard service to enable the creation of tracking based applications by third party, and to facilitate the collaboration among various devices and other OSGi services. Finally, we describe three pervasive computing applications that use the location-tracking system which we have implemented in Matilda's house. © 2003 IEEE.

This document is a report of the Z(2)-Systolic Freedom and Quantum Codes., Chapter 12 of Z(2)-Systolic Freedom and Quantum Codes, p287-320.

Disconnection is one of the popular techniques for operating in mobile environments and is here to stay, until long-range wireless connectivity becomes a reality. However, disconnection requires periodic hoarding and reintegration of data, which raises performance issues especially during weak connection. A common hoarding and reintegration mechanism involves complete transfer of contents. In order to hoard and reintegrate efficiently, an incremental approach is being introduced to do data transfers based on the delta between changes. Analysis also shows that incremental reintegration is particularly beneficial in the weakly connected mode of operation. The incremental hoarding and reintegration setup is built within the Coda File System of the Carnegie Mellon University to replace the full file transfer mechanism with the incremental approach, based on the Revision Control System. © 2002 IEEE.

Organisations are re-engineering their B2B communications to be performed through web services. Their aim is to create modularised services that support the business processes within their organisation and also those external entities that participate in these same business processes. This improvement is at the expense of the organisation’s knowledge of its performance, as this knowledge will become buried within the internal processing of the web service platform. This research introduces an approach to reclaim and improve this knowledge for the organisation by establishing a framework that enables the definition of web services, together with the logging and analysis of the enactment of web services. This framework utilises web service concepts, DSS principles, and agent technologies, to enable feedback on the organisation’s performance measures through the analysis of the web services. We apply this framework to a specific case study where suppliers participate in an inter-organisational workflow via a Private Exchange in the context of order fulfilment. A key benefit of this work is that the data is stored once but provides information both to the organisation acting as the customer and the organisation acting as the supplier. It therefore removes the need for development of internal performance monitoring tools to monitor web services performance.

Disconnection is one of the popular techniques for operating in mobile environments and is here to stay, until long-range wireless connectivity becomes a reality. However, disconnection requires periodic hoarding and reintegration of data, which raises performance issues especially during weak connection. A common hoarding and reintegration mechanism involves complete transfer of contents. In order to hoard and reintegrate efficiently, an incremental approach is being introduced to do data transfers based on the delta between changes. Analysis also shows that incremental reintegration is particularly beneficial in the weakly connected mode of operation. The incremental hoarding and reintegration setup is built within the Coda File System of the Carnegie Mellon University to replace the full file transfer mechanism with the incremental approach, based on the Revision Control System. © 2002 IEEE.

Organisations are re-engineering their B2B communications to be performed through web services. Their aim is to create modularised services that support the business processes within their organisation and also those external entities that participate in these same business processes. This improvement is at the expense of the organisation’s knowledge of its performance, as this knowledge will become buried within the internal processing of the web service platform. This research introduces an approach to reclaim and improve this knowledge for the organisation by establishing a framework that enables the definition of web services, together with the logging and analysis of the enactment of web services. This framework utilises web service concepts, DSS principles, and agent technologies, to enable feedback on the organisation’s performance measures through the analysis of the web services. We apply this framework to a specific case study where suppliers participate in an inter-organisational workflow via a Private Exchange in the context of order fulfilment. A key benefit of this work is that the data is stored once but provides information both to the organisation acting as the customer and the organisation acting as the supplier. It therefore removes the need for development of internal performance monitoring tools to monitor web services performance.

The LICS Symposium is an annual international forum on theoretical and practical topics in computer science that relate to logic in a broad sense. Topics of interest include: automata theory, category theory, concurrency, constraint programming, database theory, domain theory, finite model theory, formal methods, hybrid systems, language calculi, linear logic, complexity, artificial intelligence, logic programming, modal and temporal logics, model checking, semantics, security, rewriting, specifications, type theory, and verification., IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (16th). Held in Boston, MA on 16-19 Jun 2001.

This paper describes the BCHI research/development group at UCL-IAG and presents and overview of the main themes and projects conducted in this group., Anglais

The Internet plays host to many millions of documents and images and is increasing in size all the time. As a result locating web content is becoming increasingly difficult for users, and search traffic from users and spiders is increasing rapidly. A directory of the contents of the emerging cache hierarchy would be more complete than existing tools and avoid the need for spider traffic. However it is also essential to minimise the user traffic. A promising approach is to encourage users to refine their queries through categories. Automatic categorisation of a cache directory is demonstrated, and an adaptive categorisation scheme is proposed.

The Internet plays host to many millions of documents and images and is increasing in size all the time. As a result locating web content is becoming increasingly difficult for users, and search traffic from users and spiders is increasing rapidly. A directory of the contents of the emerging cache hierarchy would be more complete than existing tools and avoid the need for spider traffic. However it is also essential to minimise the user traffic. A promising approach is to encourage users to refine their queries through categories. Automatic categorisation of a cache directory is demonstrated, and an adaptive categorisation scheme is proposed.

This is the 6th Heterogeneous Computing Workshop, also known as HCW '97. Heterogeneous computing is a very important research area with great practical impact. The topic of heterogeneous computing covers many types of systems. A heterogeneous system may be a set of machines interconnected by a wide-area network and used to support the execution of jobs submitted by a variety of users. A heterogeneous system may be a suite of high-performance machines tightly interconnected by a fast dedicated local-area network and used to process a set of production tasks, where the subtasks of each task may execute on different machines in the suite. A heterogeneous system may also be a special-purpose embedded system, such as a set of different types of processors used for automatic target recognition. In the extreme, a heterogeneous system may consist of a single machine that can reconfigure itself to operate in different ways (e.g., in different modes of parallelism). All of these types of heterogeneous systems (as well as others) are appropriate topics for this workshop series. I hope you find the contents of these proceedings informative and interesting, and encourage you to look also at the proceedings of past and future HCWs.

Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS) 1997 presents a sample of all the things that make the field of virtual reality (VR) an exciting area in which to work. We have papers this year that present quality research on a variety of topics in computing, HCI, and hardware. We also have, for the first time, a number of papers on real applications of VR that go beyond the usual entertainment and giving media interviews. VRAIS continues to attract an international audience, with authors participating from the U.S., Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Japan and Hong Kong. We have made every effort to maintain the standard of excellence established by previous program chairs. In addition to being international and broadly representative of the field, these proceedings also present some of the best research and development efforts in Virtual Reality. The credit for this goes to the authors who chose to send their work to VRAIS, and to the members of the Program Committee who provided careful reviews of the papers.

We are providing this final report on the Audit of Procurement of Clothing and Textiles for your information and use. Comments on a draft of this report were considered in preparing the final report. We made the audit from October 1988 through December 1989 at the direction of the Deputy Inspector General, DoD. The audit objectives were to determine whether procurements of clothing and textiles were in accordance with policies and procedures in the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation and to evaluate the adequacy of internal controls over the procurement process. Our primary focus was on the adequacy of actions taken to correct weaknesses in the procurement process that were identified as a result of the clothing and textile fraud investigation at the Defense Personnel Support Center (the Center). The lack of checks and balances, and accountability and proper documentation for critical procurement decisions were identified by the Defense Logistics Agency (the Agency) as prime underlying factors in the criminal activity. We also reviewed procedures used to compute procurement quantities for selected contracts. Purchases of clothing and textiles in FY's 1988 and 1989 amounted to $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively.

In 1979 steps were taken to restructure the economy of Singapore to aim specifically at industries with a high level of technology. Many of these target industries such as avionics require extensive inputs in terms of manpower training and capital investment. In this connection, encouragement is given in the form of attractive financial packages. Wages have been allowed to drift upwards as an incentive to workers to upgrade themselves. Re-training of staff by employers for higher levels of work are subsidized by Government. Tax-holidays and soft loans for approved industries are also offered. In planning the emergence of a software industry in Singapore over the next 10 years, the Singapore Government paid particular attention to the supply and quality of manpower. In this regard the education curricula were reviewed and new training institutions established for the express purpose of training software personnel., This article is from 'Information Technology and Development Series. Volume 2. Informatics and Industrial Development. Proceedings of the International Conference on Policies for Information Processing for Developing Countries Held at Dublin, Ireland on 9-13 March 1981,' AD-A130 796, p121-129.

International audience, By building a P2P Content Distribution Network (CDN), peers collaborate to distribute the content of under-provisioned websites and to serve queries for larger audiences on behalf of the websites. This can reveal very challenging, given the highly dynamic and autonomous participation of peers. Indeed, the P2P-CDN should adapt to increasing numbers of participants and provide robust algorithms under churn because these issues have a key impact on performance. Also, the distribution of tasks and content over peers should take into account their interests in order to give them proper incentives to cooperate. Finally, the routing of queries should aim peers close in locality and serve content from close-by providers to reduce network overload and achieve scalability. We have previously proposed a locality and interest-aware P2P-CDN, Flower-CDN, that lacks efficient management of robustness and scalability. In this paper, we focus on these crucial shortcomings and propose PetalUp-CDN. The performance evaluation with respect to scalability and churn shows highly significant gains.