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Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the preparations for times of uncertainty for residential college faculty at higher education institutions in upstate New York. The theory that guided this study was Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Social cognitive theory defines learning through social contexts like residential faculty experiencing times of uncertainty. The study addressed the question: What are the lived experiences of residential college faculty in preparing for times of uncertainty? This qualitative study employed a transcendental phenomenological design to interact virtually with upstate New York residential faculty members of universities or colleges. To participate in the study, individuals must have taught at least one in-class course over the past five years on an upstate New York educational campus. The participants attended interviews, a focus group, and submitted individual reflective letters with recommendations for institutional leaders to review for future times of uncertainty. Data triangulation occurred through coding and discovering themes pertaining to the central research question and sub-research questions across all three data collection methods. Three themes emerged from the data collected, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the departments in times of uncertainty, and the safety concerns of the institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic included three sub-themes: the use of technology, the effects on curriculum, and the student hangover. The role of the departments also included three sub-themes: the re-design of programs, colleague interactions, and overall communication. The theme of the institution's safety concerns contained security and emergency plans as its sub-themes. The themes led to interpretations of administrative practices during times of uncertainty, university collaboration, and university preparedness.

Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

Para hablar del futuro de la educación es necesario también entenderla como mediadora en la tarea de resolver los problemas de la sociedad. Y para eso, es clave fortalecer el conocimiento en las universidades, las empresas y el Estado. En el sexto capítulo de La universidad imaginada conversamos con Alberto Hoyos Lopera, presidente de la Compañía de Galletas Noel y líder de la mesa de Talento Humano del CUEE 2.0, sobre cómo la Universidad se conecta con los desafíos presentes y futuros, y cómo las empresas pueden ser grandes aliadas en esta tarea. Escucha esta nueva entrega en la que abordamos la conversación como catalizadora para cerrar brechas y generar talento, el futuro de la educación como un viaje sin inicio ni fin, la importancia de consolidar el sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación desde el colegio en conexión con las organizaciones, el valor de la diversidad, las innovaciones como hábitos, y la cooperación como pilar para la innovación y la educación

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are a significant and necessary component of American higher education and should be treated and perceived as such. However, this has not been the case. Despite their lengthy track record of making significant contributions toward the advancement of Black people, HBCUs have faced discrimination. Additionally, despite their accomplishments, they have been subjected to heavy criticism in the media, suggesting there are some misconceptions about their value and relevance. This study investigates the beliefs people hold about colleges, how systemic racism and social pressure affect those beliefs, and the effects those beliefs have on social and educational outcomes.Using a bio-demographic questionnaire, individual semi-structured interviews, and two activities that resulted in files for document analysis, this study explored how systemic racism and social pressure influenced how 20 Black students (10 who attended predominantly white institutions and 10 who attended HBCUs) were socialized to perceive HBCUs compared to predominantly white institutions (PWIs). It also investigated where these beliefs came from and their social and educational effects. To ground the research, the study used The Cycle of Socialization, two tenets of Critical Race Theory (CRT), and introduced and applied a new theory, "The Cycle of Perception Formation." Several significant findings emerged. First, results indicated very different perceptions of HBCUs compared to PWIs among the participants. Although individuals were socialized to regard PWIs as discriminatory and unconcerned about the well-being of their students, they were instructed to see HBCUs as welcoming environments where they could connect with others, receive care, and feel included regardless of their race. Furthermore, people regarded HBCUs as challenging settings regarding finances, facilities, and academic standards, while they saw PWIs as establishments with superior financia

Prosocial behavior is usually defined as a set of actions aimed to benefit others. This study aims at presenting validity and reliability evidence for the Brazilian version of the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM). The study was conducted with 555 students (Mage= 23,38; SD = 6,24) from public and private universities in southeastern Brazil, 69% being female. The scale showed good evidence of content validity. The internal 6-factor structure was tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. The Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MCFCA) accepted configural, metric and scalar invariance, indicating that the PTM is an equivalent measure for men and women of different age groups. No unexpected response patterns to the instrument’s items were found. Evidence of convergent validity was observed with the Prosociality Measurement Scale (EMPA). The reliability indices obtained indicated adequate internal consistency of the instrument. The adapted scale shows evidence of reliability and validity, making it suitable for use in the Brazilian context.

Objetivamos compreender os sentidos da experiência formativa de migrantes guineenses na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Inicialmente, problematizamos as causas da migração e suas consequências psicológicas. Apresentamos uma fundamentação teórica sobre o fenômeno da migração. Expomos o panorama de Guiné-Bissau e os fatores que levam guineenses a migrarem para estudar na UFC. Empregamos um roteiro semi-estruturado de entrevista com quatro estudantes guineenses e analisamos suas experiências segundo uma metodologia fenomenológica empírica. Estabelecemos e discutimos os seguintes eixos temáticos: diferenças educacionais entre Brasil e Guiné-Bissau; dificuldades financeiras e adaptativas; aprendizagens interculturais. As experiências abordadas tratam não somente de uma formação acadêmico-profissional, mas de uma identidade cultural Guiné-Brasil. Assim como os estudantes guineenses estão se trans-formando, a partir de uma abertura ao Brasil, via universidade, é preciso que o movimento seja bilateralmente retroalimentado. Historicamente, o que antes era o fado incerto para escravos, deve-se firmar com o futuro promissor para aqueles estudantes compromissados em (re)construir um país melhor, seja ele Guiné-Bissau ou o Brasil., We aim to understand the meanings of the training experience of Guinean migrants at the Federal University of Ceará (FUC). Initially, we problematize the migration causes and its psychological consequences. We present a theoretical foundation on the migration phenomenon. We expose the Guinea-Bissau panorama and the factors that lead Guineans to migrate to study at FUC. We used a semi-structured interview script with four Guinean students and analyzed their experiences according to an empirical phenomenological methodology. We established and discussed the following themes: educational differences between Brazil and Guinea-Bissau; financial and adaptive difficulties; intercultural learning. The experiences approached not only deal with academic-professional training, but with a Guinea-Brazil cultural identity. Just as Guinean students are transforming, from an opening to Brazil, via university, it's necessary that the movement be bilaterally feedback. Historically, what was once the uncertain fate for slaves, must be signed with a promising future for those students committed to (re)building a better country, be it Guinea-Bissau or Brazil.

Nowadays more and more universities consider to use The case method in improving teaching method in business subjects. Case studies will prove learners and students with basic knowledge and background, for instance, about business situations, then it applies theories to a real situation/event with clear and understandable examples. From various fields such as medical, education to business, marketing and political science, case studies are used to apply global values to local companies. Therefore, it not only help learners to analyze case context but also help them to present many solutions then choose optimal solution.

This article discusses the methodology of foreign language teaching, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in foreign language teaching methods and their use.

This article discusses the methodology of foreign language teaching, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in foreign language teaching methods and their use.

The purpose of this study is to investigate, through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, how the officals freedom of information is expressed in policy documents from Swedish universities, colleges and upper secondary schools. The purpose is broken down into two different - but interconneted parts. The first part investigates and analyzes the issue of transparency in ‘general’ versus ‘image’ and market thinking through “our public ethos”. The second part concerns the status of officials rights of freedom of information in relation to other reaction possibilities. A democracy perspective is here set against a market perspective. Furthermore, differences and similarities in dominating perspectives and the position of freedom of information between these documents current descriptions is to be elucidated. The first question is answered on the basis of our public ethos theory combined with Fredriksson and Palla's model of six principles for government communication. The results show that the market perspective dominates both in the universities and college documents, as well as in the documents that apply to upper secondary schools. The second question is answered through Lundquist's model of different reaction possibilities. The results show that the reaction ‘whisper’ (freedom of information) has a greater emphasis in the documents that apply to upper secondary schools than those of universities and colleges.

This article discusses the methodology of foreign language teaching, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in foreign language teaching methods and their use.

This article discusses the methodology of foreign language teaching, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in foreign language teaching methods and their use.

A descriptive study was realized by quantitative methodology with the purpose of identifying the visual, auditive and kinesthetic style to 1748 university students’ generation 2020 at the State University of Quintana Roo and the findings of this research though a digital VAK test indicates similar averages between the three learning styles of this university students, they are mostly auditive followed by kinesthetic and visual at same level. The conclusions are. teaching staff should be supported by the Department of Didactic Innovation of the UAQRoo, who are responsible for identifying the learning styles of the students who are responsible for identifying the learning styles of the students who enter at the different professional careers, indicating them to the technical secretaries of teaching who receive the didactic packages that the teachers deliver them at the beginning of each semester to gradually establish a continuous improvement of the teaching-learning binomial in favor of educational quality., Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta sobre sus estilos de aprendizaje a 1748 estudiantes universitarios de la generación 2020 de la Universidad Autónoma de Quintana Roo bajo la prueba de visión, audición y kinestesia (VAK). Los hallazgos de esta investigación cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva por encuesta en línea, indican promedios más o menos similares entre los tres estilos de aprendizaje. Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes universitarios son mayormente auditivos, seguidos de kinestésicos y, por último, visuales. Se concluye que el profesorado debería estar apoyado por el departamento de Innovación Didáctica de la universidad a quienes les corresponde identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes que ingresan a las distintas carreras, indicárselos a los secretarios técnicos de docencia, quienes reciben los paquetes didácticos que el profesorado les entrega al inicio de cada semestre para, paulatinamente, establecer una mejora continua del binomio de enseñanza-aprendizaje en pro de la calidad educativa.

Background: With the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, many colleges and universities decided to mandate vaccination for all students and employees. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the effect of the mandate policy on Fall 2021 COVID-19 cases in institutions of higher education. Method: We construct a unique dataset of a sample of 94 colleges and universities in the east and southeast regions of the United States, 41 of which required vaccination prior to Fall 2021. A difference-in-differences analysis is conducted, considering vaccine requirement as a policy implemented only in a sub-group of these institutions. We control for several factors, including state-level case per capita and student population. Results: Our analysis shows that mandatory vaccination substantially decreased cases in institutions of higher education by 1,473 cases per 100,000 student population (95 CI: 132, 2813). Conclusions: The results suggest that a COVID-19 vaccine requirement is an effective policy in decreasing cases in such institutions, leading to a safer educational experience.

The purpose of this study is to investigate, through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, how the officals freedom of information is expressed in policy documents from Swedish universities, colleges and upper secondary schools. The purpose is broken down into two different - but interconneted parts. The first part investigates and analyzes the issue of transparency in ‘general’ versus ‘image’ and market thinking through “our public ethos”. The second part concerns the status of officials rights of freedom of information in relation to other reaction possibilities. A democracy perspective is here set against a market perspective. Furthermore, differences and similarities in dominating perspectives and the position of freedom of information between these documents current descriptions is to be elucidated. The first question is answered on the basis of our public ethos theory combined with Fredriksson and Palla's model of six principles for government communication. The results show that the market perspective dominates both in the universities and college documents, as well as in the documents that apply to upper secondary schools. The second question is answered through Lundquist's model of different reaction possibilities. The results show that the reaction ‘whisper’ (freedom of information) has a greater emphasis in the documents that apply to upper secondary schools than those of universities and colleges.

The participation rate of Black higher education students in education abroad programs has been significantly compared to their White peers. The purpose of this concurrent mixed methods research study was to examine the participation rate of Black higher education students in education abroad programs by exploring student perceptions relative to barriers and motivations, utilizing the Cultural Approach as the conceptual framework, specifically the economic, social, and intellectual cultural spheres of influence. A web-based questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative items was completed by 248 Black participants and 206 White participants. The quantitative data were analyzed using two logistic regressions, and the qualitative data were analyzed using memoing, segmenting, coding, enumeration, and theme generation. Institutional Factors was the only predicting variable that was statistically significant. The qualitative results suggested that higher education students consider location of program, pacing relative to graduation, program costs, family and employment obligations, length of program, topic of study, and desired learning targets, when deciding whether or not to participate in education abroad programs. Furthermore, participants perceived that higher education students often do not have access to information relative to education abroad programs. Implications include utilizing needs-based financial assistance and specific institutional data in order to design appropriate initiatives to improve equity and provide the benefits associated with education abroad programs to disadvantaged students. In addition, higher education institutions could develop policies and procedures to meet student needs relative to barriers and motivation to improve participation rates for Black higher education students.

In this digital era of abundant information production, there is an increase in demand of high - quality digital information. With the greater demand from users to serve their information needs, the job of the librarian has become critical in terms of delivering services to its patrons. The content richness of the website is the key factor to attract users and facilitate them in navigating through its web pages. These websites are playing a key role in helping students and faculty to carry out their study and academic work. Thus the need arises to continuously evaluate these web pages to keep them updated or use. This study evaluates 25 selected educational college library web pages in Goa from the usability perspective. For this study 9 main parameters were used to evaluate library web pages. The checklist was made for measuring its various dimensions regarding its usability, validity, efficiency and, effectiveness. The results showed that the web pages are partially usable and hence there is a need to improve their usability. The study further suggested evaluating these web pages to check the relevancy and validity of the information available on the web page. The study revealed that most of the college websites provide an Online Public Access Catalogue but none of the websites mention the availability of plagiarism checking facilities. The study has shown that web pages are lagging in exploiting the potential of the library portal. It also suggests keeping the web page updated as it is frequently used by college students and faculty. This study is capable of providing a basic framework that can be used to design and improve academic library web pages.

College libraries are learning spaces for Civil service Aspirants as it is one of the prestigious and dream jobs of many college students. This study is conducted among autonomous colleges in Kerala to identify the resources, services, and facilities extended by these college libraries to Civil Service Aspirants. There are twenty-two autonomous colleges in Kerala, and an online questionnaire survey is conducted among the librarians of these colleges, and nineteen colleges responded to the questionnaire. The data is analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The majority of these colleges provide information resources specifically to Civil service Aspirants. The majority of the libraries are not providing special services to Civil service aspirants. Half of the colleges think that the facilities available in their library are sufficient for Civil Service Aspirants. In contrast, half of them say that they are not sufficient for Civil service aspirants. The librarians specified the challenges faced by them in providing special services to Civil Service Aspirants. The study found that College Libraries can provide excellent materials, special services, and a peaceful and comfortable ambiance for Civil Service aspirants.

To devise with a proposed faculty program, this study assessed the faculty needs of local colleges and universities in the Philippines. With a total of 47 ALCU (Association of Local Colleges and Universities) members, who participated in this study, a descriptive research utilizing the IPO (Input-Process-Output) framework was conceptualized. It was found out that LCUs (Local Colleges and Universities) are in-need of further evaluation especially when it comes to budget, trainings and development. The demand for assessment is to ensure capability of faculty and staff in analyzing their efficiency and effectiveness in the synchronous and asynchronous classes. The current pandemic affected the stability and growth of the institution. Therefore, it is highly recommended that key points in the development and enhancement should be taken into consideration, such as faculty and staff trainings, technological and physical infrastructure, and with equal importance also to the status of the moral and mental health of teachers and students.

Group testing has recently become a matter of vital importance for efficiently and rapidly identifying the spread of Covid-19. In particular, we focus on college towns due to their density, observability, and significance for school reopenings. We propose a novel group testing strategy which requires only local information about the underlying transmission network. By using cellphone data from over 190,000 agents, we construct a mobility network and run extensive data-driven simulations to evaluate the efficacy of four different testing strategies. Our results demonstrate that our group testing method is more effective than three other baseline strategies for reducing disease spread with fewer tests.

Investigaciones elaboradas por autores como Heras o Locker demuestran que se percibe al aula como espacio protagonista del aprendizaje, en este sentido es necesario replantear la importancia de la totalidad de los espacios en las edificaciones educativas para poder aprovechar todas las oportunidades que brindan los espacios colectivos en distintos ámbitos a los que ofrecen las aulas o que los pueden complementar, esto a través de un objeto arquitectónico en la localidad de Suba, el cual busca reforzar la idea de los espacios colectivos dentro los colegios como facilitadores del aprendizaje y promotores de nuevas experiencias para el estudiantado. Es entonces importante entender que en cada espacio existen posibilidades y experiencias distintas, por lo que cada uno debe ser tratado y diseñado enfocándose en sus fortalezas para que puedan complementar el aprendizaje que tiene lugar dentro de las aulas., Research carried out by authors such as Heras or Locker show that the classroom is seen as the protagonist space of learning, in this sense it is necessary to rethink the importance of all the spaces in educational buildings to be able to take advantage of all the opportunities offered by collective spaces in different areas to which the classrooms offer or that can complement them, This through an architectural object in the district of Suba, which seeks to reinforce the idea of collective spaces within schools as facilitators of learning and promoters of new experiences for students. It is therefore important to understand that in each space there are different possibilities and experiences, so each one must be treated and designed focusing on its strength so they can complement the learning that takes place within the classroom.

Investigaciones elaboradas por autores como Heras o Locker demuestran que se percibe al aula como espacio protagonista del aprendizaje, en este sentido es necesario replantear la importancia de la totalidad de los espacios en las edificaciones educativas para poder aprovechar todas las oportunidades que brindan los espacios colectivos en distintos ámbitos a los que ofrecen las aulas o que los pueden complementar, esto a través de un objeto arquitectónico en la localidad de Suba, el cual busca reforzar la idea de los espacios colectivos dentro los colegios como facilitadores del aprendizaje y promotores de nuevas experiencias para el estudiantado. Es entonces importante entender que en cada espacio existen posibilidades y experiencias distintas, por lo que cada uno debe ser tratado y diseñado enfocándose en sus fortalezas para que puedan complementar el aprendizaje que tiene lugar dentro de las aulas., Research carried out by authors such as Heras or Locker show that the classroom is seen as the protagonist space of learning, in this sense it is necessary to rethink the importance of all the spaces in educational buildings to be able to take advantage of all the opportunities offered by collective spaces in different areas to which the classrooms offer or that can complement them, This through an architectural object in the district of Suba, which seeks to reinforce the idea of collective spaces within schools as facilitators of learning and promoters of new experiences for students. It is therefore important to understand that in each space there are different possibilities and experiences, so each one must be treated and designed focusing on its strength so they can complement the learning that takes place within the classroom.

To devise with a proposed faculty program, this study assessed the faculty needs of local colleges and universities in the Philippines. With a total of 47 ALCU (Association of Local Colleges and Universities) members, who participated in this study, a descriptive research utilizing the IPO (Input-Process-Output) framework was conceptualized. It was found out that LCUs (Local Colleges and Universities) are in-need of further evaluation especially when it comes to budget, trainings and development. The demand for assessment is to ensure capability of faculty and staff in analyzing their efficiency and effectiveness in the synchronous and asynchronous classes. The current pandemic affected the stability and growth of the institution. Therefore, it is highly recommended that key points in the development and enhancement should be taken into consideration, such as faculty and staff trainings, technological and physical infrastructure, and with equal importance also to the status of the moral and mental health of teachers and students.

The participation rate of Black higher education students in education abroad programs has been significantly compared to their White peers. The purpose of this concurrent mixed methods research study was to examine the participation rate of Black higher education students in education abroad programs by exploring student perceptions relative to barriers and motivations, utilizing the Cultural Approach as the conceptual framework, specifically the economic, social, and intellectual cultural spheres of influence. A web-based questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative items was completed by 248 Black participants and 206 White participants. The quantitative data were analyzed using two logistic regressions, and the qualitative data were analyzed using memoing, segmenting, coding, enumeration, and theme generation. Institutional Factors was the only predicting variable that was statistically significant. The qualitative results suggested that higher education students consider location of program, pacing relative to graduation, program costs, family and employment obligations, length of program, topic of study, and desired learning targets, when deciding whether or not to participate in education abroad programs. Furthermore, participants perceived that higher education students often do not have access to information relative to education abroad programs. Implications include utilizing needs-based financial assistance and specific institutional data in order to design appropriate initiatives to improve equity and provide the benefits associated with education abroad programs to disadvantaged students. In addition, higher education institutions could develop policies and procedures to meet student needs relative to barriers and motivation to improve participation rates for Black higher education students.

To devise with a proposed faculty program, this study assessed the faculty needs of local colleges and universities in the Philippines. With a total of 47 ALCU (Association of Local Colleges and Universities) members, who participated in this study, a descriptive research utilizing the IPO (Input-Process-Output) framework was conceptualized. It was found out that LCUs (Local Colleges and Universities) are in-need of further evaluation especially when it comes to budget, trainings and development. The demand for assessment is to ensure capability of faculty and staff in analyzing their efficiency and effectiveness in the synchronous and asynchronous classes. The current pandemic affected the stability and growth of the institution. Therefore, it is highly recommended that key points in the development and enhancement should be taken into consideration, such as faculty and staff trainings, technological and physical infrastructure, and with equal importance also to the status of the moral and mental health of teachers and students.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

[PT] O relatório Robbins, publicado em 1963, fez o balanço do ensino superior no Reino Unido no pós-guerra e propôs novas orientações para as políticas de acesso à universidade. Esforços muito significativos foram então feitos para promover sete novas universidades ou, usando a expressão cunhada por Michael Beloff em 1968, universidades `plateglass¿. Essa iniciativa contou com uma estreita cooperação de equipes interdisciplinares, em que os arquitetos presentes se esforçaram por traduzir em seus edifícios os objetivos educacionais. A literatura atualmente disponível analisa a situação anterior, durante e após esse vasto empreendimento a partir de pontos de vista sociológicos e do ensino. De igual modo, tem um olhar próximo sobre as obras arquitetônicas dignas de nota. Há, no entanto, poucos estudos comparativos das residências, sendo este trabalho o primeiro a comparar a arquitetura das residências de estudantes e seu contributo para o ensino universitário nas universidades `plateglass¿. Os autores, depois de desenharem e compararem as plantas das residências de estudantes de sete universidades alvo de estudo, analisaramnas em sua relação com os respetivos projetos urbanos e arquitetônicos. Os resultados obtidos refletem uma visão crítica de como as residências de estudantes contribuíram para o desenho dos campi, dando um foco particular às esferas privada e comunitária da vida estudantil., [EN] The Robbins report published in 1963 took stock of higher education in postwar Britain and proposed new guidelines for university entrance policies. Tremendous efforts were made to promote seven new universities or 'plateglass universities', to use the term coined by Michael Beloff in 1968. This achievement was possible thanks to the close cooperation of interdisciplinary teams in which architects endeavoured to translate educational goals into built works. Existing literature examines the situation before, during and after this great undertaking from sociological and teaching viewpoints, and also takes a closer look at architectural works of note. However, there are few comparative studies of accommodation, and this paper is the first one to compare the architecture of student accommodation and its crucial contribution to university education at the seven plateglass universities. The authors have redrawn and compared the plans of student housing at the seven universities under study, and then analysed them with regard to their respective architectural and urban projects. The findings offer critical insight into how student residences contributed to campus design and placed particular emphasis on the private and community spheres of student life.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

[PT] O relatório Robbins, publicado em 1963, fez o balanço do ensino superior no Reino Unido no pós-guerra e propôs novas orientações para as políticas de acesso à universidade. Esforços muito significativos foram então feitos para promover sete novas universidades ou, usando a expressão cunhada por Michael Beloff em 1968, universidades `plateglass¿. Essa iniciativa contou com uma estreita cooperação de equipes interdisciplinares, em que os arquitetos presentes se esforçaram por traduzir em seus edifícios os objetivos educacionais. A literatura atualmente disponível analisa a situação anterior, durante e após esse vasto empreendimento a partir de pontos de vista sociológicos e do ensino. De igual modo, tem um olhar próximo sobre as obras arquitetônicas dignas de nota. Há, no entanto, poucos estudos comparativos das residências, sendo este trabalho o primeiro a comparar a arquitetura das residências de estudantes e seu contributo para o ensino universitário nas universidades `plateglass¿. Os autores, depois de desenharem e compararem as plantas das residências de estudantes de sete universidades alvo de estudo, analisaramnas em sua relação com os respetivos projetos urbanos e arquitetônicos. Os resultados obtidos refletem uma visão crítica de como as residências de estudantes contribuíram para o desenho dos campi, dando um foco particular às esferas privada e comunitária da vida estudantil., [EN] The Robbins report published in 1963 took stock of higher education in postwar Britain and proposed new guidelines for university entrance policies. Tremendous efforts were made to promote seven new universities or 'plateglass universities', to use the term coined by Michael Beloff in 1968. This achievement was possible thanks to the close cooperation of interdisciplinary teams in which architects endeavoured to translate educational goals into built works. Existing literature examines the situation before, during and after this great undertaking from sociological and teaching viewpoints, and also takes a closer look at architectural works of note. However, there are few comparative studies of accommodation, and this paper is the first one to compare the architecture of student accommodation and its crucial contribution to university education at the seven plateglass universities. The authors have redrawn and compared the plans of student housing at the seven universities under study, and then analysed them with regard to their respective architectural and urban projects. The findings offer critical insight into how student residences contributed to campus design and placed particular emphasis on the private and community spheres of student life.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

Institutions of higher education face challenges to improve the student success measures of retention, progression, and graduation, which are metrics used to evaluate colleges and universities. One way in which many institutions have sought to increase accessibility to higher education and student engagement is through athletics; however, limited research exists regarding the lack of academic success of student-athletes at two-year colleges. Drawing upon a student engagement theoretical framework presented by Coates, the purpose of the causal-comparative research study was to examine the differences in perceived usage and impact of academic support services by two-year college student-athletes in Florida. The data were collected from 42 student-athletes, 13 athletic department personnel, and 13 academic support services personnel at three selected colleges in Florida who participated in the National Junior College Athletic Association using an online survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVAs to determine if statistically significant differences existed between the groups. The study did not yield any statistically significant differences regarding the groups’ beliefs in usage and impact of various academic support services. The results indicated that academic support services may not be as widely or as frequently used to have the greatest impact on the academic success of two-year college student-athletes. The findings of this study may assist institutions with developing academic support resources to improve the academic success of two-year college student-athletes.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

Education professionals, through the functions they perform in their day-to-day life, exert a great influence on the axiological construction of students. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze the perception of the values presented by the students of the Degree in Pedagogy at the University of Ferrara (Italy) as future workers in the educational field. For this, a descriptive quantitative methodology has been used. The sample is made up of 109 students from the first year of the degree and the information was collected through the standardized questionnaire called "Adapted Values Test". The results reflect a greater liking on the part of the students of the categories of moral, affective and individual values, while those that have obtained a lesser liking have been those related to individual, political and religious participation values. These results embedded within the current postmodern society, reflect the need to promote axiological education at all educational levels., Los profesionales de la educación a través de las funciones que desempeñan en su día a día, ejercen una gran influencia en la construcción axiológica de los educandos. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar la percepción de los valores que presenta el alumnado del Grado en Pedagogía de la Universidad de Ferrara (Italia) como futuros trabajadores del ámbito educativo. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología cuantitativa con carácter descriptivo. La muestra está conformada por 109 estudiantes del primer curso del grado y la recogida de la información se ha realizado a través del cuestionario estandarizado denominado "Test de Valores Adaptado". Los resultados reflejan un mayor agrado por parte de los estudiantes de las categorías de valores moral, afectivo e individual, mientras que las que han obtenido un menor agrado han sido las relacionadas con los valores individuales, de participación política y religiosos. Estos resultados enclavados dentro de la sociedad postmodernista actual, reflejan la necesidad de potenciar la educación axiológica en todos los niveles educativos.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

Con las esperanzas de toda la Monarquía cifradas en el nacimiento de un heredero varón, la llegada al mundo del príncipe Baltasar Carlos la madrugada del 17 de octubre de 1629 vino a asegurar momentáneamente la sucesión dinástica y la Universidad de Salamanca, que siempre destacó por su proverbial adhesión a la Corona, no podía dejar pasar la ocasión para mostrar una vez más dicha fidelidad. Para ello, desarrolló durante algo más de una semana un amplio programa de diversiones populares, el cual no se vio exento de polémica, ya que profundas diferencias entre los colegios mayores y el propio claustro universitario estuvieron a punto de dar al traste con las celebraciones., With the hopes of the entire Monarchy encrypted in the birth of a male heir, the birth of Prince Baltasar Carlos in the early hours on October 17th, 1629 came to momentarily ensure the dynastic succession and the University of Salamanca, which always stood out for its proverbial adhesion to the Crown, could not miss the occasion to show once again such fidelity. For this, they developed for a little more than a week a broad popular entertainment program, which was not exempt from controversy, since deep differences between the colleges and the University cloister itself were about to disrupt the celebrations.

Institutions of higher education face challenges to improve the student success measures of retention, progression, and graduation, which are metrics used to evaluate colleges and universities. One way in which many institutions have sought to increase accessibility to higher education and student engagement is through athletics; however, limited research exists regarding the lack of academic success of student-athletes at two-year colleges. Drawing upon a student engagement theoretical framework presented by Coates, the purpose of the causal-comparative research study was to examine the differences in perceived usage and impact of academic support services by two-year college student-athletes in Florida. The data were collected from 42 student-athletes, 13 athletic department personnel, and 13 academic support services personnel at three selected colleges in Florida who participated in the National Junior College Athletic Association using an online survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVAs to determine if statistically significant differences existed between the groups. The study did not yield any statistically significant differences regarding the groups’ beliefs in usage and impact of various academic support services. The results indicated that academic support services may not be as widely or as frequently used to have the greatest impact on the academic success of two-year college student-athletes. The findings of this study may assist institutions with developing academic support resources to improve the academic success of two-year college student-athletes.

This study is a conceptual paper that aims to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on the performance of college lecturers private sector in Bandar Lampung. The performance of lecturers is very decisive and becomes one of the benchmarks in the success of a tertiary institution, which is the task of lecturers contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education namely carrying out educational and teaching activities, research activities and community service. Many factors can affect lecturer performance; internal factors such as competence, knowledge possessed by lecturers, work motivation, attitude of accountability, and others. There are also external factors, namely the work environment, leadership style, training, or compensation received. Motivation is very important because with the motivation of the employees to work hard and enthusiastically, the employee's performance will be maximal and the company's goals will be achieved. Providing compensation is expected to motivate employees, and not only giving compensation can increase company performance but motivation can also have a positive impact on employee performance.

The article substantiates the need to introduce electronic educational and methodological complexes in the learning process, since they create fundamentally new pedagogical tools for the organization and management of vocational education., В статье обоснована необходимость внедрения электронных учебно-методических комплексов в процесс обучения, поскольку они создают принципиально новые педагогические инструменты организации и управления профессиональным образованием.

Language is a mirror of society. Forms of direct address, and specifically the most frequently used com-munication formulas which have been studied for quite a long time, reflect the changes and development of the country's politics, economy and culture. Alongside the development of information technology and other changes of modern times, Chinese social communication conditions are also constantly changing. Under the trend of diversification, the contemporary Chinese college students are deeply influenced by the mass media. Most of them are open-minded and sociable. They are not rigid in using the traditional terms of address in interpersonal communication. This paper studies full-time students of Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, China. The author uses questionnaires and statistical analysis to find out how the contemporary Chinese college students address college teachers and how well they know the traditional forms of direct address. The questionnaire showed that the choice of the forms of direct address largely depends on the social status of the interlocutor and the teacher-student relationships; and the students' realization of the importance of using the tradi-tional forms of address vary greatly., Цель статьи состоит в установлении того, как современные китайские студенты обращаются к преподавателям колледжа и насколько они осведомлены в области использования традиционных обращений.

В статье рассматривается проблема изучения роли психологических характеристик в самоорганизации учебной деятельности студентов колледжа. Автор определяет теоретико-методологические аспекты, эффективные формы и методы изучения самоорганизации учебной деятельности студентов колледжа, The problem of the level of development self-organization of College students. The author describes the theoretical and methodological aspects of effective forms and methods of studying the self-organization of educational activity of students of the College

This study is a conceptual paper that aims to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on the performance of college lecturers private sector in Bandar Lampung. The performance of lecturers is very decisive and becomes one of the benchmarks in the success of a tertiary institution, which is the task of lecturers contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education namely carrying out educational and teaching activities, research activities and community service. Many factors can affect lecturer performance; internal factors such as competence, knowledge possessed by lecturers, work motivation, attitude of accountability, and others. There are also external factors, namely the work environment, leadership style, training, or compensation received. Motivation is very important because with the motivation of the employees to work hard and enthusiastically, the employee's performance will be maximal and the company's goals will be achieved. Providing compensation is expected to motivate employees, and not only giving compensation can increase company performance but motivation can also have a positive impact on employee performance.

This study is a conceptual paper that aims to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on the performance of college lecturers private sector in Bandar Lampung. The performance of lecturers is very decisive and becomes one of the benchmarks in the success of a tertiary institution, which is the task of lecturers contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education namely carrying out educational and teaching activities, research activities and community service. Many factors can affect lecturer performance; internal factors such as competence, knowledge possessed by lecturers, work motivation, attitude of accountability, and others. There are also external factors, namely the work environment, leadership style, training, or compensation received. Motivation is very important because with the motivation of the employees to work hard and enthusiastically, the employee's performance will be maximal and the company's goals will be achieved. Providing compensation is expected to motivate employees, and not only giving compensation can increase company performance but motivation can also have a positive impact on employee performance.

Universities and colleges in the U.S. are constantly mentioned in lists such as The Princeton Review's Top Party School list or similar rankings that can potentially impact the institution, as well as local news coverage regarding the institution's ranking and the drinking and partying habits of its student body. This study explores media coverage of party schools through a lens of framing and relationship management theories. Through a quantitative content analysis of news frames used in local news coverage of universities or colleges with noted "party school" reputations in the 2016 to 2017 academic school year, as well as frames represented in the official university responses, this study uncovers how universities with these noted reputations are framed by the local news media. In addition, the study explores the ways in which university responses to media coverage impact the potentially mutually-beneficial relationship between higher education institutions and its stakeholders, as it is a primary function of public relations (Kim et al., 2007). In order to examine the predominant frames used by local news media in college towns and "party school" university responses, frames of negative emotional appeal, morality, human interest and harm reduction were explored to determine their salience in written messages found in news headlines and university responses. The results of this study provide explanations to a phenomenon that largely impacts the reputation of a higher education institution in the U.S., as well as implications for the management of relationships between the media and universities.

This study is a conceptual paper that aims to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on the performance of college lecturers private sector in Bandar Lampung. The performance of lecturers is very decisive and becomes one of the benchmarks in the success of a tertiary institution, which is the task of lecturers contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education namely carrying out educational and teaching activities, research activities and community service. Many factors can affect lecturer performance; internal factors such as competence, knowledge possessed by lecturers, work motivation, attitude of accountability, and others. There are also external factors, namely the work environment, leadership style, training, or compensation received. Motivation is very important because with the motivation of the employees to work hard and enthusiastically, the employee's performance will be maximal and the company's goals will be achieved. Providing compensation is expected to motivate employees, and not only giving compensation can increase company performance but motivation can also have a positive impact on employee performance.

This study is a conceptual paper that aims to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on the performance of college lecturers private sector in Bandar Lampung. The performance of lecturers is very decisive and becomes one of the benchmarks in the success of a tertiary institution, which is the task of lecturers contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education namely carrying out educational and teaching activities, research activities and community service. Many factors can affect lecturer performance; internal factors such as competence, knowledge possessed by lecturers, work motivation, attitude of accountability, and others. There are also external factors, namely the work environment, leadership style, training, or compensation received. Motivation is very important because with the motivation of the employees to work hard and enthusiastically, the employee's performance will be maximal and the company's goals will be achieved. Providing compensation is expected to motivate employees, and not only giving compensation can increase company performance but motivation can also have a positive impact on employee performance.

Higher education institutions are aware of the necessity of promoting student’s integral formation and seek actions to achieve it. However, there is little awareness of how the students perceive this kind of development. To improve the possibilities of success in the attempts of achieving it, it could be important to listen to the students. This article presents research advances of a phenomenological study that seeks to explain the elements that the students link to the meaning of integral formation. The participants are five students from a private university in Mérida of different majors. The results suggest that the integral formation is linked to the dimensions of the subject that it impacts, the aspects of the college life that involves and the personal and academic experiences linked to it., Las instituciones de educación superior están conscientes de la necesidad de promover la Formación Integral (FI) en sus estudiantes y desarrollan acciones para lograrlo; sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de la manera como los alumnos perciben este tipo de formación. Escuchar la voz de los jóvenes puede ser una condición que mejore las posibilidades y el éxito de la educación integral. Este artículo refleja avances de una investigación con diseño fenomenológico que pretende explicitar las experiencias y elementos que los universitarios vinculan a los significados que han construido de formación integral. Los participantes son cinco alumnos de una universidad privada de Mérida pertenecientes a carreras que representan las diversas áreas del conocimiento. Los resultados de este trabajo apuntan a que la FI se construye desde: las dimensiones de la persona que impacta, los aspectos de la vida universitaria que involucra y las experiencias personales y académicas con que se relaciona.