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1. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023
Full Text
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2. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-Access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023

6. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5773, Mankoff, Kenneth D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-2019, Zdanowicz, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-5063, Clow, Gary D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853, Lüthi, Martin P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-8496, Doyle, Samuel H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-431X, Thomsen, Henrik H, Fisher, David, Harper, Joel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-8509, Aschwanden, Andy; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-2315, Vinther, Bo M, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-4034, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-724X, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-620X, Karlsson, Nanna B; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-8705, Khan, Shfaqat A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-8563, Hills, Benjamin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-7416, Law, Robert; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-5537, Hubbard, Bryn; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-3875, Christoffersen, Poul; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-8724, Jacquemart, Mylène; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-7645, Seguinot, Julien; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-0761, Fausto, Robert S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-8185, Colgan, William T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-1660, Løkkegaard, Anja; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5773, Mankoff, Kenneth D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-2019, Zdanowicz, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-5063, Clow, Gary D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853, Lüthi, Martin P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-8496, Doyle, Samuel H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-431X, Thomsen, Henrik H, Fisher, David, Harper, Joel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-8509, Aschwanden, Andy; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-2315, Vinther, Bo M, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-4034, Meierbachtol, Toby, McDowell, Ian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-724X, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-620X, Karlsson, Nanna B; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-8705, Khan, Shfaqat A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-8563, Hills, Benjamin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-7416, Law, Robert; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-5537, Hubbard, Bryn; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-3875, Christoffersen, Poul; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-8724, Jacquemart, Mylène; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-7645, Seguinot, Julien; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-0761, Fausto, Robert S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-8185, and Colgan, William T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-1660

Abstract

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.

Published
2023

8. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, Mcdowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, Mcdowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Published
2023

9. Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Author

Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, Mcdowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., Colgan, William T., Løkkegaard, Anja, Mankoff, Kenneth D., Zdanowicz, Christian, Clow, Gary D., Lüthi, Martin P., Doyle, Samuel H., Thomsen, Henrik H., Fisher, David, Harper, Joel, Aschwanden, Andy, Vinther, Bo M., Dahl-jensen, Dorthe, Zekollari, Harry, Meierbachtol, Toby, Mcdowell, Ian, Humphrey, Neil, Solgaard, Anne, Karlsson, Nanna B., Khan, Shfaqat A., Hills, Benjamin, Law, Robert, Hubbard, Bryn, Christoffersen, Poul, Jacquemart, Mylène, Seguinot, Julien, Fausto, Robert S., and Colgan, William T.

Published
2023

10. The recent warming trend in North Greenland

Author

Orsi, Anais J, Orsi, Anais J, Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D, Landais, Amaelle, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Orsi, Anais J, Orsi, Anais J, Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D, Landais, Amaelle, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Published
2017

11. The recent warming trend in North Greenland

Author

Orsi, Anais J, Orsi, Anais J, Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D, Landais, Amaelle, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Orsi, Anais J, Orsi, Anais J, Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D, Landais, Amaelle, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Published
2017

12. The recent warming trend in North Greenland

Author

Orsi, Anais J., Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D., Landais, Amaëlle, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Orsi, Anais J., Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason E., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary D., Landais, Amaëlle, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Published
2017

13. A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

Author

MacGregor, Joseph A, MacGregor, Joseph A, Fahnestock, Mark A, Catania, Ginny A, Aschwanden, Andy, Clow, Gary D, Colgan, William T, Gogineni, S Prasad, Morlighem, Mathieu, Nowicki, Sophie MJ, Paden, John D, Price, Stephen F, Seroussi, Hélène, MacGregor, Joseph A, MacGregor, Joseph A, Fahnestock, Mark A, Catania, Ginny A, Aschwanden, Andy, Clow, Gary D, Colgan, William T, Gogineni, S Prasad, Morlighem, Mathieu, Nowicki, Sophie MJ, Paden, John D, Price, Stephen F, and Seroussi, Hélène

Abstract

The basal thermal state of an ice sheet (frozen or thawed) is an important control upon its evolution, dynamics and response to external forcings. However, this state can only be observed directly within sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice-flow models included in the SeaRISE effort. New remote-sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity and MODIS imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice-drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west-facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poor agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole-observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE-3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area) where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state.

Published
2016

14. Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica.

Author

Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Abstract

The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth's climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2 This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes' sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was [Formula: see text]C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted.

Published
2016

15. A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

Author

MacGregor, Joseph A, MacGregor, Joseph A, Fahnestock, Mark A, Catania, Ginny A, Aschwanden, Andy, Clow, Gary D, Colgan, William T, Gogineni, S Prasad, Morlighem, Mathieu, Nowicki, Sophie MJ, Paden, John D, Price, Stephen F, Seroussi, Hélène, MacGregor, Joseph A, MacGregor, Joseph A, Fahnestock, Mark A, Catania, Ginny A, Aschwanden, Andy, Clow, Gary D, Colgan, William T, Gogineni, S Prasad, Morlighem, Mathieu, Nowicki, Sophie MJ, Paden, John D, Price, Stephen F, and Seroussi, Hélène

Abstract

The basal thermal state of an ice sheet (frozen or thawed) is an important control upon its evolution, dynamics and response to external forcings. However, this state can only be observed directly within sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice-flow models included in the SeaRISE effort. New remote-sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity and MODIS imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice-drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west-facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poor agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole-observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE-3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area) where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state.

Published
2016

16. Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica.

Author

Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Abstract

The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth's climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2 This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes' sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was [Formula: see text]C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted.

Published
2016

17. Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica

Author

Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Cuffey, Kurt M, Cuffey, Kurt M, Clow, Gary D, Steig, Eric J, Buizert, Christo, Fudge, TJ, Koutnik, Michelle, Waddington, Edwin D, Alley, Richard B, and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P

Abstract

The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth's climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2 This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes' sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was [Formula: see text]C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted.

Published
2016

18. Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age

Author

Buizert, Christo, Adrian, Betty, Ahn, Jinho, Albert, Mary, Alley, Richard B., Baggenstos, Daniel, Bauska, Thomas K., Bay, Ryan C., Bencivengo, Brian B., Bentley, Charles R., Brook, Edward J., Chellman, Nathan J., Clow, Gary D., Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cravens, Eric, Cuffey, Kurt M., Dunbar, Nelia W., Edwards, Jon S., Fegyveresi, John M., Ferris, Dave G., Fitzpatrick, Joan J., Fudge, T. J., Gibson, Chris J., Gkinis, Vasileios, Goetz, Joshua J., Gregory, Stephanie, Hargreaves, Geoffrey M., Iverson, Nels, Johnson, Jay A., Jones, Tyler R., Kalk, Michael L., Kippenhan, Matthew J., Koffman, Bess G., Kreutz, Karl, Kuhl, Tanner W., Lebar, Donald A., Lee, James E., Marcott, Shaun A., Markle, Bradley R., Maselli, Olivia J., McConnell, Joseph R., McGwire, Kenneth C., Mitchell, Logan E., Mortensen, Nicolai B., Neff, Peter D., Nishiizumi, Kunihiko, Nunn, Richard M., Orsi, Anais J., Pasteris, Daniel R., Pedro, Joel Benjamin, Pettit, Erin C., Price, P. Buford, Priscu, John C., Rhodes, Rachael H., Rosen, Julia L., Schauer, Andrew J., Schoenemann, Spruce W., Sendelbach, Paul J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Shturmakov, Alexander J., Sigl, Michael, Slawny, Kristina R., Souney, Joseph M., Sowers, Todd A., Twickler, Mark S., Vaughn, Bruce H., Voigt, Donald E., Waddington, Edwin D., Welten, Kees C., Wendricks, Anthony W., White, James W. C., Winstrup, Mai, Wong, Gifford J., Woodruff, Thomas E., Buizert, Christo, Adrian, Betty, Ahn, Jinho, Albert, Mary, Alley, Richard B., Baggenstos, Daniel, Bauska, Thomas K., Bay, Ryan C., Bencivengo, Brian B., Bentley, Charles R., Brook, Edward J., Chellman, Nathan J., Clow, Gary D., Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cravens, Eric, Cuffey, Kurt M., Dunbar, Nelia W., Edwards, Jon S., Fegyveresi, John M., Ferris, Dave G., Fitzpatrick, Joan J., Fudge, T. J., Gibson, Chris J., Gkinis, Vasileios, Goetz, Joshua J., Gregory, Stephanie, Hargreaves, Geoffrey M., Iverson, Nels, Johnson, Jay A., Jones, Tyler R., Kalk, Michael L., Kippenhan, Matthew J., Koffman, Bess G., Kreutz, Karl, Kuhl, Tanner W., Lebar, Donald A., Lee, James E., Marcott, Shaun A., Markle, Bradley R., Maselli, Olivia J., McConnell, Joseph R., McGwire, Kenneth C., Mitchell, Logan E., Mortensen, Nicolai B., Neff, Peter D., Nishiizumi, Kunihiko, Nunn, Richard M., Orsi, Anais J., Pasteris, Daniel R., Pedro, Joel Benjamin, Pettit, Erin C., Price, P. Buford, Priscu, John C., Rhodes, Rachael H., Rosen, Julia L., Schauer, Andrew J., Schoenemann, Spruce W., Sendelbach, Paul J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Shturmakov, Alexander J., Sigl, Michael, Slawny, Kristina R., Souney, Joseph M., Sowers, Todd A., Twickler, Mark S., Vaughn, Bruce H., Voigt, Donald E., Waddington, Edwin D., Welten, Kees C., Wendricks, Anthony W., White, James W. C., Winstrup, Mai, Wong, Gifford J., and Woodruff, Thomas E.

Published
2015

19. Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing

Author

Fudge, T.J., Steig, Eric J., Markle, Bradley R., Schoenemann, Spruce W., Ding, Qinghua, Taylor, Kendrick C., McConnell, Joseph R., Brook, Edward J., Sowers, Todd, White, James W.C., Alley, Richard B., Cheng, Hai, Clow, Gary D., Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cuffey, Kurt M., Edwards, Jon S., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Edwards, Ross, Fegyveresi, John M., Ferris, David, Fitzpatrick, Joan J., Johnson, Jay, Hargreaves, Geoffrey, Lee, James E., Maselli, Olivia J., Mason, William, McGwire, Kenneth C., Mitchell, Logan E., Mortensen, Nicolai, Neff, Peter, Orsi, Anais J., Popp, Trevor J., Schauer, Andrew J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Sigl, Michael, Spencer, Matthew K., Vaughn, Bruce H., Voigt, Donald E., Waddington, Edwin D., Wang, Xianfeng, Wong, Gifford J., Fudge, T.J., Steig, Eric J., Markle, Bradley R., Schoenemann, Spruce W., Ding, Qinghua, Taylor, Kendrick C., McConnell, Joseph R., Brook, Edward J., Sowers, Todd, White, James W.C., Alley, Richard B., Cheng, Hai, Clow, Gary D., Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cuffey, Kurt M., Edwards, Jon S., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Edwards, Ross, Fegyveresi, John M., Ferris, David, Fitzpatrick, Joan J., Johnson, Jay, Hargreaves, Geoffrey, Lee, James E., Maselli, Olivia J., Mason, William, McGwire, Kenneth C., Mitchell, Logan E., Mortensen, Nicolai, Neff, Peter, Orsi, Anais J., Popp, Trevor J., Schauer, Andrew J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Sigl, Michael, Spencer, Matthew K., Vaughn, Bruce H., Voigt, Donald E., Waddington, Edwin D., Wang, Xianfeng, and Wong, Gifford J.

Abstract

The cause of warming in the Southern Hemisphere during the most recent deglaciation remains a matter of debate. Hypotheses for a Northern Hemisphere trigger, through oceanic redistributions of heat, are based in part on the abrupt onset of warming seen in East Antarctic ice cores and dated to 18,000 years ago, which is several thousand years after high-latitude Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity began increasing from its minimum, approximately 24,000 years ago. An alternative explanation is that local solar insolation changes cause the Southern Hemisphere to warm independently. Here we present results from a new, annually resolved ice-core record from West Antarctica that reconciles these two views. The records show that 18,000 years ago snow accumulation in West Antarctica began increasing, coincident with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, warming in East Antarctica and cooling in the Northern Hemisphere associated with an abrupt decrease in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, significant warming in West Antarctica began at least 2,000 years earlier. Circum-Antarctic sea-ice decline, driven by increasing local insolation, is the likely cause of this warming. The marine-influenced West Antarctic records suggest a more active role for the Southern Ocean in the onset of deglaciation than is inferred from ice cores in the East Antarctic interior, which are largely isolated from sea-ice changes.

Published
2013

20. The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration

Author

Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Philip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, Robert M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Philip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., Zwally, H. Jay, Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Philip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, Robert M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Philip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., and Zwally, H. Jay

Abstract

As the planet's principal cold traps, the martian polar regions have accumulated extensive mantles of ice and dust that cover individual areas of ∼106 km2 and total as much as 3–4 km thick. From the scarcity of superposed craters on their surface, these layered deposits are thought to be comparatively young—preserving a record of the seasonal and climatic cycling of atmospheric CO2, H2O, and dust over the past ∼105–108 years. For this reason, the martian polar deposits may serve as a Rosetta Stone for understanding the geologic and climatic history of the planet—documenting variations in insolation (due to quasiperiodic oscillations in the planet's obliquity and orbital elements), volatile mass balance, atmospheric composition, dust storm activity, volcanic eruptions, large impacts, catastrophic floods, solar luminosity, supernovae, and perhaps even a record of microbial life. Beyond their scientific value, the polar regions may soon prove important for another reason—providing a valuable and accessible reservoir of water to support the long-term human exploration of Mars. In this paper we assess the current state of Marspolar research, identify the key questions that motivate the exploration of the polar regions, discuss the extent to which current missions will address these questions, and speculate about what additional capabilities and investigations may be required to address the issues that remain outstanding.

Published
2000

21. The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration

Author

Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Philip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, Robert M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Philip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., Zwally, H. Jay, Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Philip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, Robert M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Philip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., and Zwally, H. Jay

Abstract

As the planet's principal cold traps, the martian polar regions have accumulated extensive mantles of ice and dust that cover individual areas of ∼106 km2 and total as much as 3–4 km thick. From the scarcity of superposed craters on their surface, these layered deposits are thought to be comparatively young—preserving a record of the seasonal and climatic cycling of atmospheric CO2, H2O, and dust over the past ∼105–108 years. For this reason, the martian polar deposits may serve as a Rosetta Stone for understanding the geologic and climatic history of the planet—documenting variations in insolation (due to quasiperiodic oscillations in the planet's obliquity and orbital elements), volatile mass balance, atmospheric composition, dust storm activity, volcanic eruptions, large impacts, catastrophic floods, solar luminosity, supernovae, and perhaps even a record of microbial life. Beyond their scientific value, the polar regions may soon prove important for another reason—providing a valuable and accessible reservoir of water to support the long-term human exploration of Mars. In this paper we assess the current state of Marspolar research, identify the key questions that motivate the exploration of the polar regions, discuss the extent to which current missions will address these questions, and speculate about what additional capabilities and investigations may be required to address the issues that remain outstanding.

Published
2000

22. The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration

Author

Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Phillip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, R.M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Phillip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus Jørgen, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, Jr., James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., Zwally, H. Jay, Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Phillip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, R.M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Phillip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus Jørgen, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, Jr., James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., and Zwally, H. Jay

Published
2000

23. The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration

Author

Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Phillip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, R.M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Phillip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus Jørgen, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, Jr., James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., Zwally, H. Jay, Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Phillip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, R.M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Phillip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus Jørgen, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, Jr., James W., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., and Zwally, H. Jay

Published
2000

24. Past temperatures directly from the Greenland ice sheet

Author

Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, Balling, Niels, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, and Balling, Niels

Published
1998

25. Past temperatures directly from the Greenland ice sheet

Author

Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, Balling, Niels, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, and Balling, Niels

Published
1998

26. Past temperatures directly from the Greenland ice sheet

Author

Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, Balling, Niels, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Mosegaard, Klaus Edvard, Gundestrup, Niels Steen, Clow, Gary D., Johnsen, Sigfus Johann, Hansen, Aksel Walløe, and Balling, Niels

Published
1998

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