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354 results on '"Chilingarian, A"'

1. Extensive air showers and atmospheric electric fields. Synergy of Space and atmospheric particle accelerators

Author: Chilingarian, A. and Chilingarian, A.
Abstract: Various particle accelerators operate in the space plasmas, filling the Galaxy with high energy particles, primary cosmic rays. Reaching the atmosphere of the earth, these particles originate extensive air showers consisting of millions of elementary particles, secondary cosmic rays, covering several large areas on the ground. During thunderstorms, strong electric fields modulate the energy spectra of secondary particles and, consequently, originate short and long particle bursts. Impulse amplifications of particle fluxes, the thunderstorm ground enhancements, TGEs manifest themselves as peaks in the time series of count rates of particle detectors, which coincide with thunderstorms, during which free electrons are accelerating and multiplied, forming electron gamma ray avalanches. Thus, electron accelerators emerging in thunderous atmospheres can significantly alter the frequency of EAS triggers., Comment: 18 pages 6 figures
Published: 2023

2. Color Transformations of Photometric Measurements of Galaxies in Optical and Near-Infrared Wide-Field Imaging Surveys

Author: Toptun, Victoria A., Chilingarian, Igor V., Grishin, Kirill A., Katkov, Ivan Yu., Toptun, Victoria A., Chilingarian, Igor V., Grishin, Kirill A., and Katkov, Ivan Yu.
Abstract: Over the past 2 decades, wide-field photometric surveys in optical and infrared domains reached a nearly all-sky coverage thanks to numerous observational facilities operating in both hemispheres. However, subtle differences among exact realizations of Johnson and SDSS photometric systems require one to convert photometric measurements into the same system prior to analysis of composite datasets originating from multiple surveys. It turns out that the published photometric transformations lead to substantial biases when applied to integrated photometry of galaxies from the corresponding catalogs. Here we present photometric transformations based on piece-wise linear approximations of integrated photometry of galaxies in the optical surveys SDSS, DECaLS, BASS, MzLS, DES, DELVE, KiDS, VST ATLAS, and the near-infrared surveys UKIDSS, UHS, VHS, and VIKING. We validate our transformations by constructing k-corrected color-magnitude diagrams of non-active galaxies and measuring the position and tightness of the "red sequence". We also provide transformations for aperture magnitudes and show how they are affected by the image quality difference among the surveys. We present the implementation of the derived transformations in Python and IDL and also a web-based color transformation calculator for galaxies. By comparing DECaLS and DES, we identified systematic issues in DECaLS photometry for extended galaxies, which we attribute to the photometric software package used by DECaLS. As an application of our method, we compiled two multi-wavelength photometric catalogs for over 200,000 low- and intermediate-redshift galaxies originating from CfA FAST and Hectospec spectral archives., Comment: 24 pages, 21 figures, published in PASP. The "Color transformations" web service and the Python and IDL codes are available at https://colors.voxastro.org
Published: 2023
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3. Dwarf early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster: internal dynamics, stellar populations

Author: Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Afanasiev, Anton V., Mironov, Anton, Fabricant, Daniel, Moran, Sean, Caldwell, Nelson, Katkov, Ivan, Ershova, Irina, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Afanasiev, Anton V., Mironov, Anton, Fabricant, Daniel, Moran, Sean, Caldwell, Nelson, Katkov, Ivan, and Ershova, Irina
Abstract: We present preliminary results from our spectroscopic survey of low-luminosity early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster conducted with the Binospec spectrograph at the 6.5~m MMT. From spatially-resolved profiles of internal kinematics and stellar population properties complemented with high-resolution images, we placed several low-luminosity dEs on the fundamental plane in the low-luminosity extension of the available literature data. We also discovered unusual kpc-sized kinematically-decoupled cores in several dwarf galaxies, which had been probably formed before these galaxies entered the cluster., Comment: accepted to the proceedings of IAU Symposium 379 (Dynamical Masses of Local Group Galaxies), 4 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2023

4. Dark matter content and dynamical masses of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Coma cluster

Author: Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Afanasiev, Anton V., Mironov, Anton, Fabricant, Daniel, Moran, Sean, Caldwell, Nelson, Katkov, Ivan, Ershova, Irina, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Afanasiev, Anton V., Mironov, Anton, Fabricant, Daniel, Moran, Sean, Caldwell, Nelson, Katkov, Ivan, and Ershova, Irina
Abstract: Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are spatially extended, low surface brightness stellar systems with regular elliptical-like morphology found in large numbers in galaxy clusters and groups. Studies of the internal dynamics and dark matter content of UDGs have been hampered by their low surface brightnesses. We identified a sample of low-mass early-type post-starburst galaxies, `future UDGs' in the Coma cluster still populated with young stars, which will passively evolve into UDGs in the next 5$-$10 Gyr. We collected deep observations for a sample of low-mass early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster using MMT Binospec, which includes present-day and future UDGs. We derived their dark matter content within a half-light radius (70$-$95%) and total dynamical masses ($M_{200}=5.5\cdot10^9-1.4\cdot10^{11} M_{\odot}$) assuming the Burkert density profile and assess how different proposed evolutionary channels affect dark and visible matter in UDGs. We also discuss observational methodology of present and future UDG studies., Comment: accepted to the proceedings of IAU Symposium 379 (Dynamical Masses of Local Group Galaxies), 6 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023

5. Probing the History of the Galaxy Assembly of the Counter-rotating Disk Galaxy PGC 66551

Author: Katkov, Ivan, Gasymov, Damir, Kniazev, Alexei, Gelfand, Joseph, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Chilingarian, Igor, Sil'chenko, Olga, Katkov, Ivan, Gasymov, Damir, Kniazev, Alexei, Gelfand, Joseph, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Chilingarian, Igor, and Sil'chenko, Olga
Abstract: Stellar counter-rotation in disk galaxies directly relates to the complex phenomenon of the disk mass assembly believed to be driven by external processes, such as accretion and mergers. The detailed study of such systems makes it possible to reveal the source of external accretion and establish the details of this process. In this paper, we investigate the galaxy PGC 66551 (MaNGA ID 1-179561) which hosts two large-scale counter-rotating (CR) stellar disks identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey MaNGA data and then confirmed using deep follow-up spectroscopy with the 10m Southern African Large Telescope. We measured the properties of ionized gas and stellar populations of both CR disks in PGC 66551. We found that the CR disk is compact, contains young stars with subsolar metallicity, and has a stellar mass of $5\times10^{9}$ M$_\odot$ which amounts to $\approx$20% of the galaxy's total. Surprisingly, the main 8 Gyr old disk has a significantly lower metallicity of -0.8 dex than other CR galaxies. We developed a simple analytic model of the history of the metal enrichment, which we applied to PGC 66551 and constrained the parameters of the galactic outflow wind, and estimated the metallicity of the infalling gas that formed the CR disk to be -0.9 ... -0.5 dex. Our interpretation prefers a merger with a gas-rich satellite over cold accretion from a cosmic filament as a source of gas, which then formed the CR disk in PGC 66551., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2023

6. Non-negative matrix factorization approach to sky subtraction for optical spectroscopy

Author: Kolganov, Fedor, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Kolganov, Fedor, Chilingarian, Igor, and Grishin, Kirill
Abstract: Numerous sky background subtraction techniques have been developed since the first implementations of computer-based reduction of spectra. Kurtz & Mink (2000) described a singular value decomposition-based method which allowed them to subtract night sky background from multi-fiber spectroscopic observations without any additional sky observations. We hereby take this approach one step further with usage of non-negative matrix factorization instead of principal component analysis and generalize it to 2D spectra. This allows us to generate approximately 10 times as many valid eigenspectra because of non-negativity. We apply our method to short-slit spectra of low-mass galaxies originating from intermediate-resolution Echelle spectrographs (ESI at Keck, MagE at Magellan, X-Shooter at the VLT) when sources fill the entire slit. We demonstrate its efficiency even when no offset sky observations were collected., Comment: submitted to ASP Conference Series; proceedings of ADASS-XXXIII; 4 pages; 3 figures
Published: 2023

7. Detailed Chemical Abundances of Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., Chilingarian, I.V., Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., and Chilingarian, I.V.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 249719.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2022

8. Multi-messenger observations of thunderstorm-related bursts of cosmic rays

Author: Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Khanykyanc, Y., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., Chilingaryan, S., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Khanykyanc, Y., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., and Chilingaryan, S.
Abstract: We present the facilities of the Aragats Space Environmental Center in Armenia used during multi-year observations of the thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs) and corresponding environmental parameters. We analyze the characteristics of the scintillation detectors, operated on Aragats, and describe the coordinated detection of TGEs by the network of scintillation detectors, field meters, and environmental parameters. By using a fast synchronized data acquisition system we reveal correlations of the multivariate data on time scales from second to nanosecond which allow us to gain insight into the TGE and lightning origin and their interrelations.
Published: 2022

9. Detailed Chemical Abundances of Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A. M., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., Chilingarian, Igor V., Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A. M., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., and Chilingarian, Igor V.
Abstract: We derive the first detailed chemical abundances of three star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), NGC1831 (436+/-22 Myr), NGC1856 (350+/-18 Myr) and [SL63]268 (1230+/-62 Myr) using integrated-light spectroscopic observations obtained with the Magellan Echelle spectrograph on Magellan Baade telescope. We derive [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Ni/Fe], [Mn/Fe], [Cr/Fe] and [Na/Fe] for the three clusters. Overall, our results match the LMC abundances obtained in the literature as well as those predicted by detailed chemical evolution models. For clusters NGC1831 and NGC1856, the [Mg/Fe] ratios appear to be slightly depleted compared to [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe]. This could be hinting at the well-known Mg-Al abundance anti-correlation observed in several Milky Way globular clusters. We note, however, that higher signal-to-noise observations are needed to confirm such a scenario, particularly for NGC 1831. We also find a slightly enhanced integrated-light [Na/Fe] ratio for cluster [SL63]268 compared to those from the LMC field stars, possibly supporting a scenario of intracluster abundance variations. We stress that detailed abundance analysis of individual stars in these LMC clusters is required to confirm the presence or absence of MSPs., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022

10. Investigating the blazar TXS 0506+056 through sharp multi-wavelength eyes during 2017-2019

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Collaboration, OVRO, Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pearson, T. J., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Collaboration, Metsähovi, Lähteenmaäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., D'Ammando, F., Marchini, A., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Collaboration, OVRO, Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pearson, T. J., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Collaboration, Metsähovi, Lähteenmaäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., D'Ammando, F., and Marchini, A.
Abstract: The blazar TXS 0506+056 got into the spotlight of the astrophysical community in September 2017, when a high-energy neutrino detected by IceCube (IceCube-170922A) was associated at the 3 $\sigma$ level to a $\gamma$-ray flare from this source. This multi-messenger photon-neutrino association remains, as per today, the most significant one ever observed. TXS 0506+056 was a poorly studied object before the IceCube-170922A event. To better characterize its broad-band emission, we organized a multi-wavelength campaign lasting 16 months (November 2017 to February 2019), covering the radio-band (Mets\"ahovi, OVRO), the optical/UV (ASAS-SN, KVA, REM, Swift/UVOT), the X-rays (Swift/XRT, NuSTAR), the high-energy $\gamma$ rays (Fermi/LAT) and the very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$ rays (MAGIC). In $\gamma$ rays, the behaviour of the source was significantly different from the 2017 one: MAGIC observations show the presence of flaring activity during December 2018, while the source only shows an excess at the 4$\sigma$ level during the rest of the campaign (74 hours of accumulated exposure); Fermi/LAT observations show several short (days-to-week timescale) flares, different from the long-term brightening of 2017. No significant flares are detected at lower energies. The radio light curve shows an increasing flux trend, not seen in other wavelengths. We model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions in a lepto-hadronic scenario, in which the hadronic emission emerges as Bethe-Heitler and pion-decay cascade in the X-rays and VHE $\gamma$ rays. According to the model presented here, the December 2018 $\gamma$-ray flare was connected to a neutrino emission that was too brief and not bright enough to be detected by current neutrino instruments., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures; in press in ApJ
Published: 2022
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11. Gamma rays reveal proton acceleration in thermonuclear novae explosions

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Alonso, L. Fariña, Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Ambrosino, F., Cecconi, M., Catanzaro, G., Ferrara, C., Frasca, A., Munari, M., Giustolisi, L., Alonso-Santiago, J., Giarrusso, M., Munari, U., Valisa, P., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Alonso, L. Fariña, Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Ambrosino, F., Cecconi, M., Catanzaro, G., Ferrara, C., Frasca, A., Munari, M., Giustolisi, L., Alonso-Santiago, J., Giarrusso, M., Munari, U., and Valisa, P.
Abstract: Classical novae are cataclysmic binary star systems in which the matter of a companion star is accreted on a white dwarf (WD). Accumulation of the matter in a layer eventually causes a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of the WD, brightening the WD to ~ 10 5 solar luminosities and triggering ejection of the accumulated matter. They provide extreme conditions required to accelerate particles, electrons or protons, to high energies. Here we present the detection of gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes from the 2021 outburst of RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph), a recurrent symbiotic nova, that allowed us, for the first time, to accurately characterize the emission from a nova in the 60 GeV to 250 GeV energy range. The theoretical interpretation of the combined Fermi -LAT and MAGIC data suggests that protons are accelerated to hundreds of GeV in the nova shock. Such protons should create bubbles of enhanced Cosmic Ray density up to about 13 pc from the recurrent novae., Comment: accepted for publication; THIS VERSION IS PRIOR TO THE JOURNAL REVIEW
Published: 2022

12. Optical Variability of 'Light-weight' Supermassive Black Holes at a Few Percent Level from ZTF Forced-Photometry Light Curves

Author: Demianenko, Mariia, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ivan, Demianenko, Mariia, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, and Kuzmin, Ivan
Abstract: Large time-domain surveys provide a unique opportunity to detect and explore variability of millions of sources on timescales from days to years. Broadband photometric variability can be used as the key selection criteria for weak type-I active galactic nuclei (AGN), when other "direct" confirmation criteria like X-ray or radio emission are unavailable. However, to detect variability of rather weak AGN powered by intermediate-mass black holes, typical sensitivity provided by existing light curve databases is insufficient. Here we present an algorithm for post-processing of light curves for sources with stochastic variability, retrieved from the The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Forced Photometry service. Using our approach, we can filter out spurious data points related to data reduction artefacts and also eliminate long-term trends related to imperfect photometric calibration. We can now confidently detect the broad-band variability at the 1-3 $\%$ level which can potentially be used as a substitute for expensive X-ray follow-up observations., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2022

13. Confirmation of intermediate-mass black holes candidates with X-ray observations

Author: Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Zolotukhin, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Demianenko, Mariia, Kuzmun, Ivan, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Zolotukhin, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Demianenko, Mariia, and Kuzmun, Ivan
Abstract: The origin of supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centers still remains uncertain. There are two possible ways of their formation - from massive ($10^5 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$) and low-mass ($100 M_{\odot}$) BH nuclei. The latter scenario should leave behind a large number of intermediate mass black holes (IMBH, $10^2 - 10^5 M_{\odot}$). The largest published sample of bona-fide IMBH-powered AGN contains 10 objects confirmed in X-ray. Here we present a new sample of 15 bona-fide IMBHs, obtained by confirming the optically selected IMBH candidates by the presence of radiation from the galactic nucleus in the X-ray range, which increases the number of confirmed IMBHs at the centers of galaxies by 2.5 times. In the same way, 99 black holes with masses of $2\cdot10^5 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$ were confirmed. The sources of X-ray data were publicly available catalogs, archives of data, and our own observations on XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift. The Eddington coefficients for 30% of the objects from both samples turned out to be close to critical, from 0.5 to 1, which is an unusually high fraction. Also for the first time for light-weight SMBH the correlations between the luminosity in the [OIII] emission line or the broad component of the $H\alpha$ line and the luminosity in the X-ray range were plotted., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Astronomy at the epoch of multimessenger studies. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23-28, 2021 - Moscow, 2021
Published: 2022

14. Detailed Chemical Abundances of Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., Chilingarian, I.V., Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., and Chilingarian, I.V.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 249719.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2022

15. Detailed Chemical Abundances of Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., Chilingarian, I.V., Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., and Chilingarian, I.V.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 249719.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2022

16. Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst

Author: Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I, Baxter, J., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Burelli, I, Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V, Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Farina, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Lopez, R. J. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Moya, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V, Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V, Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I, Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V, Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Striskovic, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I, Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I, Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zaric, D., Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Anguner, E. O., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V, Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O. U., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J-P, Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Hinton, J. A., Horbe, M., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V, Jung-Richardt, I, Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu, Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J-P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I, Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V, Marchegiani, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Nayerhoda, A., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Pniyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Poireau, V, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V, Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I, Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Hanlon, W. E., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hona, B., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kleiner, T. K., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Patel, S. R., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I, Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, D., Tucci, J. , V, Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Bosch-Ramon, V, Celma, C., Linares, M., Russell, D. M., Sala, G., Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I, Baxter, J., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Burelli, I, Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V, Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Farina, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Lopez, R. J. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Moya, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V, Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V, Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I, Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V, Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Striskovic, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I, Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I, Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zaric, D., Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Anguner, E. O., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V, Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O. U., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J-P, Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Hinton, J. A., Horbe, M., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V, Jung-Richardt, I, Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu, Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J-P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I, Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V, Marchegiani, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Nayerhoda, A., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Pniyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Poireau, V, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V, Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I, Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Hanlon, W. E., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hona, B., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kleiner, T. K., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Patel, S. R., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I, Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, D., Tucci, J. , V, Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Bosch-Ramon, V, Celma, C., Linares, M., Russell, D. M., and Sala, G.
Abstract: MAXIJ1820+070 is a low-mass X-ray binary with a black hole (BH) as a compact object. This binary underwent an exceptionally bright X-ray outburst from 2018 March to October, showing evidence of a non-thermal particle population through its radio emission during this whole period. The combined results of 59.5 h of observations of the MAXI J1820+070 outburst with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS experiments at energies above 200 GeV are presented, together with Fermi-LAT data between 0.1 and 500 GeV, and multiwavelength observations from radio to X-rays. Gamma-ray emission is not detected from MAXI J1820+070, but the obtained upper limits and the multiwavelength data allow us to put meaningful constraints on the source properties under reasonable assumptions regarding the non-thermal particle population and the jet synchrotron spectrum. In particular, it is possible to show that, if a high-energy (HE) gamma-ray emitting region is present during the hard state of the source, its predicted flux should be at most a factor of 20 below the obtained Fermi-LAT upper limits, and closer to them for magnetic fields significantly below equipartition. During the state transitions, under the plausible assumption that electrons are accelerated up to similar to 500 GeV, the multiwavelength data and the gamma-ray upper limits lead consistently to the conclusion that a potential HE and very-HE gamma-ray emitting region should be located at a distance from the BH ranging between 10(11) and 10(13) cm. Similar outbursts from low-mass X-ray binaries might be detectable in the near future with upcoming instruments such as CTA.
Published: 2022
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17. Search for Gamma-ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation up to 100 TeV towards the Galactic Center with MAGIC

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Hiroshima, N., Kohri, K., MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Hiroshima, N., and Kohri, K.
Abstract: Line-like features in TeV $\gamma$-rays constitute a ''smoking gun'' for TeV-scale particle dark matter and new physics. Probing the Galactic Center region with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes enables the search for TeV spectral features in immediate association with a dense dark matter reservoir at a sensitivity out of reach for satellite $\gamma$-ray detectors, and direct detection and collider experiments. We report on 223 hours of observations of the Galactic Center region with the MAGIC stereoscopic telescope system reaching $\gamma$-ray energies up to 100 TeV. We improved the sensitivity to spectral lines at high energies using large-zenith-angle observations and a novel background modeling method within a maximum-likelihood analysis in the energy domain. No line-like spectral feature is found in our analysis. Therefore, we constrain the cross section for dark matter annihilation into two photons to $\langle \sigma v \rangle \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-28}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$ at 1 TeV and $\langle \sigma v \rangle \lesssim 1 \times 10^{-25}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$ at 100 TeV, achieving the best limits to date for a dark matter mass above 20 TeV and a cuspy dark matter profile at the Galactic Center. Finally, we use the derived limits for both cuspy and cored dark matter profiles to constrain supersymmetric wino models., Comment: Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett., includes Supplemental materials. 9+4 pages, 3+3 figures, 3 tables. Corresponding authors: T. Inada, D. Kerszberg, M. H\"utten
Published: 2022
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18. The origin of double-peak emission-line galaxies: rotating discs, bars or galaxy mergers?

Author: Maschmann, Daniel, Halle, Anaelle, Melchior, Anne-Laure, Combes, Francoise, Chilingarian, Igor V., Maschmann, Daniel, Halle, Anaelle, Melchior, Anne-Laure, Combes, Francoise, and Chilingarian, Igor V.
Abstract: Emission lines with a double-peak (DP) shape, detected in the centre of galaxies, have been extensively used in the past to identify peculiar kinematics such as dual active galactic nuclei, outflows or mergers. From a large DP galaxy sample, a connection to minor merger galaxies with ongoing star formation was suggested. To gain a better understanding of different mechanisms creating a DP signature, we here explore synthetic SDSS spectroscopic observations computed from disc models and simulations. We show how a DP signature is connected to the central part of the rotation curve of galaxies, which is mostly shaped by the stellar bulge. We, furthermore, find that bars can create strong DP emission-line signatures when viewed along their major axis. Major mergers can form a central rotating disc in late post-coalescence merger stages (1\,Gyr after the final coalescence), which creates a DP signature. Minor mergers tend to show a DP feature with no correlation to the galaxy inclination within 350\,Myr after the final coalescence. Comparisons of these scenarii with observations disfavour major mergers, since these show predominantly elliptical and only a few S0 morphologies. Furthermore, at such a late merger stage the enhanced star formation is most likely faded. Bars and minor mergers, on the other hand, can be compared quite well with the observations. Both observations coincide with increased star formation found in observations, and minor mergers in particular do not show any dependency with the observation direction. However, observations resolving the galaxy kinematics spatially are needed to distinguish between the discussed possibilities. More insight into the origin of DP will be gained by a broader comparison with cosmological simulations. The understanding of the DP origin can provide important tools to study the mass growth of galaxies in future high redshift surveys., Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures, article accepted to A&A
Published: 2022
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19. New Generation Stellar Spectral Libraries in the Optical and Near-Infrared I: The Recalibrated UVES-POP Library for Stellar Population Synthesis

Author: Borisov, Sviatoslav, Chilingarian, Igor, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Ledoux, Cédric, Melo, Claudio, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Afanasiev, Anton, Kasparova, Anastasia, Saburova, Anna, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Chilingarian, Igor, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Ledoux, Cédric, Melo, Claudio, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Afanasiev, Anton, Kasparova, Anastasia, and Saburova, Anna
Abstract: We present re-processed flux calibrated spectra of 406 stars from the UVES-POP stellar library in the wavelength range 320-1025 nm, which can be used for stellar population synthesis. The spectra are provided in the two versions having spectral resolving power R=20,000 and R=80,000. Raw spectra from the ESO data archive were re-reduced using the latest version of the UVES data reduction pipeline with some additional algorithms that we developed. The most significant improvements in comparison with the original UVES-POP release are: (i) an updated Echelle order merging, which eliminates "ripples" present in the published spectra, (ii) a full telluric correction, (iii) merging of non-overlapping UVES spectral setups taking into account the global continuum shape, (iv) a spectrophotometric correction and absolute flux calibration, and (v) estimates of the interstellar extinction. For 364 stars from our sample, we computed atmospheric parameters $T_\mathrm{eff}$, surface gravity log $g$, metallicity [Fe/H], and $\alpha$-element enhancement [$\alpha$/Fe] by using a full spectrum fitting technique based on a grid of synthetic stellar atmospheres and a novel minimization algorithm. We also provide projected rotational velocity $v\sin i$ and radial velocity $v_{rad}$ estimates. The overall absolute flux uncertainty in the re-processed dataset is better than 2% with sub-% accuracy for about half of the stars. A comparison of the recalibrated UVES-POP spectra with other spectral libraries shows a very good agreement in flux; at the same time, $Gaia$ DR3 BP/RP spectra are often discrepant with our data, which we attribute to spectrophotometric calibration issues in $Gaia$ DR3., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
Published: 2022
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20. Long-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., D'Ammando, F., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Leto, C., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pacciani, L., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Verrecchia, F., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., D'Ammando, F., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Leto, C., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pacciani, L., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., and Verrecchia, F.
Abstract: The BL Lac object 1ES 0647+250 is one of the few distant $\gamma$-ray emitting blazars detected at very high energies (VHE, $\gtrsim$100 GeV) during a non-flaring state. It was detected with the MAGIC telescopes during its low activity in the years 2009-2011, as well as during three flaring activities in the years 2014, 2019 and 2020, with the highest VHE flux in the latter epoch. An extensive multi-instrument data set was collected within several coordinated observing campaigns throughout these years. We aim to characterise the long-term multi-band flux variability of 1ES 0647+250, as well as its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during four distinct activity states selected in four different epochs, in order to constrain the physical parameters of the blazar emission region under certain assumptions. We evaluate the variability and correlation of the emission in the different energy bands with the fractional variability and the Z-transformed Discrete Correlation Function, as well as its spectral evolution in X-rays and $\gamma$ rays. Owing to the controversy in the redshift measurements of 1ES 0647+250 reported in the literature, we also estimate its distance in an indirect manner through the comparison of the GeV and TeV spectra from simultaneous observations with Fermi-LAT and MAGIC during the strongest flaring activity detected to date. Moreover, we interpret the SEDs from the four distinct activity states within the framework of one-component and two-component leptonic models, proposing specific scenarios that are able to reproduce the available multi-instrument data., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. Accepted in A&A. Corresponding authors: Jorge Otero-Santos; Daniel Morcuende; Vandad Fallah Ramazani; Daniela Dorner; David Paneque (mailto: contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. MAGIC observations provide compelling evidence of the hadronic multi-TeV emission from the putative PeVatron SNR G106.3+2.7

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., and Zarić, D.
Abstract: The SNR G106.3+2.7, detected at 1--100 TeV energies by different $\gamma$-ray facilities, is one of the most promising PeVatron candidates. This SNR has a cometary shape which can be divided into a head and a tail region with different physical conditions. However, it is not identified in which region the 100 TeV emission is produced due to the limited position accuracy and/or angular resolution of existing observational data. Additionally, it remains unclear whether the origin of the $\gamma$-ray emission is leptonic or hadronic. With the better angular resolution provided by these new MAGIC data compared to earlier $\gamma$-ray datasets, we aim to reveal the acceleration site of PeV particles and the emission mechanism by resolving the SNR G106.3+2.7 with 0.1$^\circ$ resolution at TeV energies. We detected extended $\gamma$-ray emission spatially coincident with the radio continuum emission at the head and tail of SNR G106.3+2.7. The fact that we detected a significant $\gamma$-ray emission with energies above 6.0 TeV from the tail region only suggests that the emissions above 10 TeV, detected with air shower experiments (Milagro, HAWC, Tibet AS$\gamma$ and LHAASO), are emitted only from the SNR tail. Under this assumption, the multi-wavelength spectrum of the head region can be explained with either hadronic or leptonic models, while the leptonic model for the tail region is in contradiction with the emission above 10 TeV and X-rays. In contrast, the hadronic model could reproduce the observed spectrum at the tail by assuming a proton spectrum with a cutoff energy of $\sim 1$ PeV for the tail region. Such a high energy emission in this middle-aged SNR (4--10 kyr) can be explained by considering the scenario that protons escaping from the SNR in the past interact with surrounding dense gases at present., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2022
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22. A lower bound on intergalactic magnetic fields from time variability of 1ES 0229+200 from MAGIC and Fermi/LAT observations

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Liodakis, I., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Neronov, A., Semikoz, D., Korochkin, A., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Liodakis, I., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Neronov, A., Semikoz, D., and Korochkin, A.
Abstract: Extended and delayed emission around distant TeV sources induced by the effects of propagation of gamma rays through the intergalactic medium can be used for the measurement of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). We search for delayed GeV emission from the hard-spectrum TeV blazar 1ES 0229+200 with the goal to detect or constrain the IGMF-dependent secondary flux generated during the propagation of TeV gamma rays through the intergalactic medium. We analyze the most recent MAGIC observations over a 5 year time span and complement them with historic data of the H.E.S.S. and VERITAS telescopes along with a 12-year long exposure of the Fermi/LAT telescope. We use them to trace source evolution in the GeV-TeV band over one-and-a-half decade in time. We use Monte Carlo simulations to predict the delayed secondary gamma-ray flux, modulated by the source variability, as revealed by TeV-band observations. We then compare these predictions for various assumed IGMF strengths to all available measurements of the gamma-ray flux evolution. We find that the source flux in the energy range above 200 GeV experiences variations around its average on the 14 years time span of observations. No evidence for the flux variability is found in 1-100 GeV energy range accessible to Fermi/LAT. Non-detection of variability due to delayed emission from electromagnetic cascade developing in the intergalactic medium imposes a lower bound of B>1.8e-17 G for long correlation length IGMF and B>1e-14 G for an IGMF of the cosmological origin. Though weaker than the one previously derived from the analysis of Fermi/LAT data, this bound is more robust, being based on a conservative intrinsic source spectrum estimate and accounting for the details of source variability in the TeV energy band. We discuss implications of this bound for cosmological magnetic fields which might explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted to A&A. Corresponding authors: Ievgen Vovk, Paolo Da Vela (mailto:contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de) and Andrii Neronov (mailto:Andrii.Neronov@unige.ch)
Published: 2022
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23. Multi-messenger characterization of Mrk 501 during historically low X-ray and $\gamma$-ray activity

Author: MAGIC collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., groups, Other, collaborations, Cerruti, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Baloković, M., Benítez, E., Björklund, I., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Bugg, A., Carbonell, W., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Chamani, W., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Epps, K., Erkenov, A., Feige, M., Finke, J., Fuentes, A., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Heidemann, E., Hiriart, D., Hou, W. J., Hovatta, T., Ibryamov, S., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Korte, M., Kotas, B., Koyama, S., Kramer, J. A., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., López, J. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Leto, C., Lorey, C., Mújica, R., Madejski, G. M., Marchili, N., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mufakharov, T., Myserlis, I., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Perri, M., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reimer, A., Reinhart, D., Righini, S., Rosenlehner, K., Sadun, A. C., Savchenko, S. S., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Schoch, K., Seifert, D., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Singh, C., Sola, P., Sotnikova, Y., Spencer, M., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Tornikoski, M., Traianou, E., Tramacere, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Trump, J. B., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Zaharieva, E., Zottmann, N., MAGIC collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., groups, Other, collaborations, Cerruti, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Baloković, M., Benítez, E., Björklund, I., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Bugg, A., Carbonell, W., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Chamani, W., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Epps, K., Erkenov, A., Feige, M., Finke, J., Fuentes, A., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Heidemann, E., Hiriart, D., Hou, W. J., Hovatta, T., Ibryamov, S., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Korte, M., Kotas, B., Koyama, S., Kramer, J. A., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., López, J. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Leto, C., Lorey, C., Mújica, R., Madejski, G. M., Marchili, N., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mufakharov, T., Myserlis, I., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Perri, M., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reimer, A., Reinhart, D., Righini, S., Rosenlehner, K., Sadun, A. C., Savchenko, S. S., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Schoch, K., Seifert, D., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Singh, C., Sola, P., Sotnikova, Y., Spencer, M., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Tornikoski, M., Traianou, E., Tramacere, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Trump, J. B., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Zaharieva, E., and Zottmann, N.
Abstract: We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multi-wavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and OVRO. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wavebands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-rays. A significant correlation ($>$3$\sigma$) between X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between Swift-XRT and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy $\gamma$-rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the $\gamma$-ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux ($>$0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2-year-long low-state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED towards the low-state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock., Comment: 55 pages, 30 figures, 14 tables, accepted by APJS. Corresponding authors are L. Heckmann, D. Paneque, S. Gasparyan, M. Cerruti, and N. Sahakyan
Published: 2022
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24. The volume density of giant low surface brightness galaxies

Author: Saburova, Anna S., Chilingarian, Igor V., Kulier, Andrea, Galaz, Gaspar, Grishin, Kirill A., Kasparova, Anastasia V., Toptun, Victoria, Katkov, Ivan Yu., Saburova, Anna S., Chilingarian, Igor V., Kulier, Andrea, Galaz, Gaspar, Grishin, Kirill A., Kasparova, Anastasia V., Toptun, Victoria, and Katkov, Ivan Yu.
Abstract: Rare giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) act as a stress test for the current galaxy formation paradigm. To answer the question `How rare are they?' we estimate their volume density in the local Universe. A visual inspection of 120~sq.~deg. covered by deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam data was performed independently by four team members. We detected 42 giant disky systems (30 of them isolated) at $z\leq0.1$ with either $g$-band 27.7~mag~arcsec$^{-2}$ isophotal radius or four disc scalelengths $4h \geq 50$~kpc, 37 of which (including 25 isolated) had low central surface brightness ($\mu_{0,g}\ge 22.7$ mag~arcsec$^{-2}$). This corresponds to volume densities of 4.70$\times 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ for all galaxies with giant extended discs and 4.04$\times 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ for gLSBGs, which converts to $\sim $12,700 such galaxies in the entire sky out to $z<0.1$. These estimates agree well with the result of the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. Giant disky galaxies represent the large-size end of the volume density distribution of normal-sized spirals, suggesting the non-exceptional nature of giant discs. We observe a high active galactic nucleus fraction among the newly found gLSBGs., Comment: 5 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Published: 2022
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25. Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst

Author: Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O. U., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Hinton, J. A., Hörbe, M., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Nayerhoda, A., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Poireau, V., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Foote, G. M, Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Hanlon, W. F, Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hona, B., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kleiner, T. K., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Patel, S. R., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, D., Tucci, J. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Bosch-Ramon, V., Celma, C., Linares, M., Russell, D. M., Sala, G., Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O. U., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Hinton, J. A., Hörbe, M., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Nayerhoda, A., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Poireau, V., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Foote, G. M, Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Hanlon, W. F, Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hona, B., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kleiner, T. K., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Patel, S. R., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, D., Tucci, J. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Bosch-Ramon, V., Celma, C., Linares, M., Russell, D. M., and Sala, G.
Abstract: MAXI J1820+070 is a low-mass X-ray binary with a black hole as a compact object. This binary underwent an exceptionally bright X-ray outburst from March to October 2018, showing evidence of a non-thermal particle population through its radio emission during this whole period. The combined results of 59.5 hours of observations of the MAXI J1820+070 outburst with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS experiments at energies above 200 GeV are presented, together with Fermi-LAT data between 0.1 and 500 GeV, and multiwavelength observations from radio to X-rays. Gamma-ray emission is not detected from MAXI J1820+070, but the obtained upper limits and the multiwavelength data allow us to put meaningful constraints on the source properties under reasonable assumptions regarding the non-thermal particle population and the jet synchrotron spectrum. In particular, it is possible to show that, if a high-energy gamma-ray emitting region is present during the hard state of the source, its predicted flux should be at most a factor of 20 below the obtained Fermi-LAT upper limits, and closer to them for magnetic fields significantly below equipartition. During the state transitions, under the plausible assumption that electrons are accelerated up to ~ 500 GeV, the multiwavelength data and the gamma-ray upper limits lead consistently to the conclusion that a potential high-energy and very-high-energy gamma-ray emitting region should be located at a distance from the black hole ranging between 10^11 and 10^13 cm. Similar outbursts from low-mass X-ray binaries might be detectable in the near future with upcoming instruments such as CTA., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2022
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26. Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements: Multivariate analysis of 12 years of observations

Author: Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Aslanyan, D., Karapetyan, T., Khanikyanc, Y., Kozliner, L., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., Soghomonyan, S., Chilingaryan, S., Zazyan, M., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Aslanyan, D., Karapetyan, T., Khanikyanc, Y., Kozliner, L., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., Soghomonyan, S., Chilingaryan, S., and Zazyan, M.
Abstract: We present a survey of more than half a thousand thunderstorm ground enhancements, fluxes of electrons, and gamma rays associated with thunderstorms registered from 2008 to 2022 at Aragats space environmental center. We analyze correlations between various measured parameters characterizing TGEs measured on Aragats. Two special cases of TGE events are considered: one, terminated by nearby lightning flashes, and another one with a sufficiently large ratio of electrons to gamma rays. On the basis of the analysis, we summarize the most important results obtained during 12 years of TGE study, which include: We show the operation of the electron accelerators in the thunderous atmosphere by directly measuring the electron flux during thunderstorms; Quite frequently, TGEs occur prior to lightning flashes and are terminated by them. The energy spectra of avalanche electrons observed on Aragats indicate that the strong electric field region can extend very low above the ground covering a large area on the ground. TGEs originated from multiple relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) starting with seed electrons from the ambient population of cosmic rays, which enter an extended region of the electric field with strength exceeding the critical value.
Published: 2022

27. KDG 64: a large dwarf spheroidal or a small ultradiffuse satellite of Messier 81

Author: Afanasiev, Anton V., Chilingarian, Igor V., Grishin, Kirill A., Makarov, Dmitry, Makarova, Lidia, Fabricant, Daniel, Caldwell, Nelson, Moran, Sean, Afanasiev, Anton V., Chilingarian, Igor V., Grishin, Kirill A., Makarov, Dmitry, Makarova, Lidia, Fabricant, Daniel, Caldwell, Nelson, and Moran, Sean
Abstract: Low-mass early-type galaxies, including dwarf spheroidals (dSph) and brighter dwarf ellipticals (dE), dominate the galaxy population in groups and clusters. Recently, an additional early-type population of more extended ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) has been identified, sparking a discussion on the potential morphological and evolutionary connections between the three classifications. Here, we present the first measurements of spatially resolved stellar kinematics from deep integrated-light spectra of KDG 64 (UGC 5442), a large dSph galaxy in the M 81 group. From these data, we infer stellar population properties and dark matter halo parameters using Jeans dynamical modelling. We find an old, metal-poor stellar population with no young stars and a dark matter mass fraction of ~ 90 per cent within the half-light radius. These properties and the position of KDG 64 on the Fundamental Plane indicate that it is a local analogue of smaller UDGs in the Coma and Virgo clusters and is probably a transitional dSph-UDG object. Its evolutionary path cannot be uniquely established from the existing data, but we argue that supernovae feedback and tidal heating played key roles in shaping KDG 64., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, published in MNRAS
Published: 2022
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28. Detailed Chemical Abundances of Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author: Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A. M., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., Chilingarian, Igor V., Asa'd, Randa, Hernandez, S., As'ad, A. M., Molero, M., Matteucci, F., Larsen, S., and Chilingarian, Igor V.
Abstract: We derive the first detailed chemical abundances of three star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), NGC1831 (436+/-22 Myr), NGC1856 (350+/-18 Myr) and [SL63]268 (1230+/-62 Myr) using integrated-light spectroscopic observations obtained with the Magellan Echelle spectrograph on Magellan Baade telescope. We derive [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Ni/Fe], [Mn/Fe], [Cr/Fe] and [Na/Fe] for the three clusters. Overall, our results match the LMC abundances obtained in the literature as well as those predicted by detailed chemical evolution models. For clusters NGC1831 and NGC1856, the [Mg/Fe] ratios appear to be slightly depleted compared to [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe]. This could be hinting at the well-known Mg-Al abundance anti-correlation observed in several Milky Way globular clusters. We note, however, that higher signal-to-noise observations are needed to confirm such a scenario, particularly for NGC 1831. We also find a slightly enhanced integrated-light [Na/Fe] ratio for cluster [SL63]268 compared to those from the LMC field stars, possibly supporting a scenario of intracluster abundance variations. We stress that detailed abundance analysis of individual stars in these LMC clusters is required to confirm the presence or absence of MSPs., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022
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29. Multi-messenger observations of thunderstorm-related bursts of cosmic rays

Author: Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Khanykyanc, Y., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., Chilingaryan, S., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Khanykyanc, Y., Pokhsraryan, D., Sargsyan, B., and Chilingaryan, S.
Abstract: We present the facilities of the Aragats Space Environmental Center in Armenia used during multi-year observations of the thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs) and corresponding environmental parameters. We analyze the characteristics of the scintillation detectors, operated on Aragats, and describe the coordinated detection of TGEs by the network of scintillation detectors, field meters, and environmental parameters. By using a fast synchronized data acquisition system we reveal correlations of the multivariate data on time scales from second to nanosecond which allow us to gain insight into the TGE and lightning origin and their interrelations.
Published: 2022
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30. Investigating the blazar TXS 0506+056 through sharp multi-wavelength eyes during 2017-2019

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Collaboration, OVRO, Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pearson, T. J., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Collaboration, Metsähovi, Lähteenmaäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., D'Ammando, F., Marchini, A., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Collaboration, OVRO, Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pearson, T. J., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Collaboration, Metsähovi, Lähteenmaäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., D'Ammando, F., and Marchini, A.
Abstract: The blazar TXS 0506+056 got into the spotlight of the astrophysical community in September 2017, when a high-energy neutrino detected by IceCube (IceCube-170922A) was associated at the 3 $\sigma$ level to a $\gamma$-ray flare from this source. This multi-messenger photon-neutrino association remains, as per today, the most significant one ever observed. TXS 0506+056 was a poorly studied object before the IceCube-170922A event. To better characterize its broad-band emission, we organized a multi-wavelength campaign lasting 16 months (November 2017 to February 2019), covering the radio-band (Mets\"ahovi, OVRO), the optical/UV (ASAS-SN, KVA, REM, Swift/UVOT), the X-rays (Swift/XRT, NuSTAR), the high-energy $\gamma$ rays (Fermi/LAT) and the very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$ rays (MAGIC). In $\gamma$ rays, the behaviour of the source was significantly different from the 2017 one: MAGIC observations show the presence of flaring activity during December 2018, while the source only shows an excess at the 4$\sigma$ level during the rest of the campaign (74 hours of accumulated exposure); Fermi/LAT observations show several short (days-to-week timescale) flares, different from the long-term brightening of 2017. No significant flares are detected at lower energies. The radio light curve shows an increasing flux trend, not seen in other wavelengths. We model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions in a lepto-hadronic scenario, in which the hadronic emission emerges as Bethe-Heitler and pion-decay cascade in the X-rays and VHE $\gamma$ rays. According to the model presented here, the December 2018 $\gamma$-ray flare was connected to a neutrino emission that was too brief and not bright enough to be detected by current neutrino instruments., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures; V2 to match published version, typo fixed
Published: 2022
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31. Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Alonso, L. Fariña, Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Ambrosino, F., Cecconi, M., Catanzaro, G., Ferrara, C., Frasca, A., Munari, M., Giustolisi, L., Alonso-Santiago, J., Giarrusso, M., Munari, U., Valisa, P., MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Alonso, L. Fariña, Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Aguilar, A. Mas, Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Ambrosino, F., Cecconi, M., Catanzaro, G., Ferrara, C., Frasca, A., Munari, M., Giustolisi, L., Alonso-Santiago, J., Giarrusso, M., Munari, U., and Valisa, P.
Abstract: Classical novae are cataclysmic binary star systems in which the matter of a companion star is accreted on a white dwarf (WD). Accumulation of hydrogen in a layer eventually causes a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of the WD, brightening the WD to ~10^5 solar luminosities and triggering ejection of the accumulated matter.They provide extreme conditions required to accelerate particles, electrons or protons, to high energies. Here we present the detection of gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes from the 2021 outburst of RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph), a recurrent nova with a red giant (RG) companion, that allowed us, for the first time, to accurately characterize the emission from a nova in the 60 GeV to 250 GeV energy range. The theoretical interpretation of the combined Fermi-LAT and MAGIC data suggests that protons are accelerated to hundreds of GeV in the nova shock. Such protons should create bubbles of enhanced Cosmic Ray density, on the order of 10 pc, from the recurrent novae., Comment: THIS VERSION IS AFTER THE JOURNAL REVIEW
Published: 2022
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32. Optical Variability of 'Light-weight' Supermassive Black Holes at a Few Percent Level from ZTF Forced-Photometry Light Curves

Author: Demianenko, Mariia, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ivan, Demianenko, Mariia, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, and Kuzmin, Ivan
Abstract: Large time-domain surveys provide a unique opportunity to detect and explore variability of millions of sources on timescales from days to years. Broadband photometric variability can be used as the key selection criteria for weak type-I active galactic nuclei (AGN), when other "direct" confirmation criteria like X-ray or radio emission are unavailable. However, to detect variability of rather weak AGN powered by intermediate-mass black holes, typical sensitivity provided by existing light curve databases is insufficient. Here we present an algorithm for post-processing of light curves for sources with stochastic variability, retrieved from the The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Forced Photometry service. Using our approach, we can filter out spurious data points related to data reduction artefacts and also eliminate long-term trends related to imperfect photometric calibration. We can now confidently detect the broad-band variability at the 1-3 $\%$ level which can potentially be used as a substitute for expensive X-ray follow-up observations., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2022

33. Confirmation of intermediate-mass black holes candidates with X-ray observations

Author: Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Zolotukhin, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Demianenko, Mariia, Kuzmun, Ivan, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Zolotukhin, Ivan, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Demianenko, Mariia, and Kuzmun, Ivan
Abstract: The origin of supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centers still remains uncertain. There are two possible ways of their formation - from massive ($10^5 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$) and low-mass ($100 M_{\odot}$) BH nuclei. The latter scenario should leave behind a large number of intermediate mass black holes (IMBH, $10^2 - 10^5 M_{\odot}$). The largest published sample of bona-fide IMBH-powered AGN contains 10 objects confirmed in X-ray. Here we present a new sample of 15 bona-fide IMBHs, obtained by confirming the optically selected IMBH candidates by the presence of radiation from the galactic nucleus in the X-ray range, which increases the number of confirmed IMBHs at the centers of galaxies by 2.5 times. In the same way, 99 black holes with masses of $2\cdot10^5 - 10^6 M_{\odot}$ were confirmed. The sources of X-ray data were publicly available catalogs, archives of data, and our own observations on XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift. The Eddington coefficients for 30% of the objects from both samples turned out to be close to critical, from 0.5 to 1, which is an unusually high fraction. Also for the first time for light-weight SMBH the correlations between the luminosity in the [OIII] emission line or the broad component of the $H\alpha$ line and the luminosity in the X-ray range were plotted., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Astronomy at the epoch of multimessenger studies. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23-28, 2021 - Moscow, 2021
Published: 2022
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34. Measurements of energy spectra of relativistic electrons and gamma-rays avalanches developed in the thunderous atmosphere with Aragats Solar Neutron Telescope

Author: Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Sargsyan, B., Chilingaryan, S., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepyan, G., Karapetyan, T., Sargsyan, B., and Chilingaryan, S.
Abstract: Aragats solar neutron telescope (ASNT) is a unique instrument allowing to measure the energy spectra of electrons accelerated and multiplied in the strong electric fields of the atmosphere. We describe the instrument setup, its operation condition, software, and hardware triggers. We present energy spectra of a very large thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) event observed on 6 October 2021.
Published: 2022
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35. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., BalokoviÄ, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z, Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y, Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S, Lu, R. -S, Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K, Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y, Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K, Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T, Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., GarcÃa, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., GÃ³mez, J. L., GÃ³mez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -WL., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., JimÃ©nez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J, Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y, Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R, Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P, Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., MartÃ-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., MÃŒller, C., Musoke, G., MejÃas, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-LeÃ³n, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L, Pesce, D. W., PiÃ©tu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., PÃ¶tzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-LÃ³pez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y, Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., SÃ¡nchez, S., SÃ¡nchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F, Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F, Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y, Zhao, S. -S, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., AngÃŒner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., BernlÃ¶hr, K., Bi, B., BÃ¶ttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., BÃŒchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., CuryÅo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-AtaÃ¯, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., De Clairfontaine, G. F., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., FÃŒÃling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H, Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., HÃ¶rbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., KatarzyÅski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., KhÃ©lifi, B., Klepser, S., KluÅºniak, W., Komin, N., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., MartÃ-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., De Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. P., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., PÃŒhlhofer, G., Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Å., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., Van Der Walt, D. J., Van Eldik, C., Van Rensburg, C., Van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., VÃ¶lk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. 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Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass âŒ6.5 Ã 109 M oË. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous Î³-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the Î³-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. Â© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
Published: 2021
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36. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., BalokoviÄ, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z, Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y, Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S, Lu, R. -S, Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K, Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y, Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K, Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T, Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., GarcÃa, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., GÃ³mez, J. L., GÃ³mez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -WL., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., JimÃ©nez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J, Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y, Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R, Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P, Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., MartÃ-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., MÃŒller, C., Musoke, G., MejÃas, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-LeÃ³n, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L, Pesce, D. W., PiÃ©tu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., PÃ¶tzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-LÃ³pez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y, Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., SÃ¡nchez, S., SÃ¡nchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F, Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F, Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y, Zhao, S. -S, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., AngÃŒner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., BernlÃ¶hr, K., Bi, B., BÃ¶ttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., BÃŒchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., CuryÅo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-AtaÃ¯, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., De Clairfontaine, G. F., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., FÃŒÃling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H, Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., HÃ¶rbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., KatarzyÅski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., KhÃ©lifi, B., Klepser, S., KluÅºniak, W., Komin, N., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., MartÃ-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., De Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. P., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., PÃŒhlhofer, G., Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Å., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., Van Der Walt, D. J., Van Eldik, C., Van Rensburg, C., Van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., VÃ¶lk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. W., Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Å»ywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., BabiÄ, A., Baquero, A., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Becerra GonzÃ¡lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., BoÅ¡njak, Åœ., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., GarcÃa LÃ³pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., GodinoviÄ, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., HÃŒtten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., JimÃ©nez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., LÃ³pez-Coto, R., LÃ³pez-Moya, M., LÃ³pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., MartÃnez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., MiÄanoviÄ, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., PavletiÄ, L., Penil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., RibÃ³, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Å nidariÄ, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., SuriÄ, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., TerziÄ, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., ZariÄ, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Hirota, T., Cui, L., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, N., Liu, X., Yonekura, Y., Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., BalokoviÄ, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z, Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y, Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S, Lu, R. -S, Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K, Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y, Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K, Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T, Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., GarcÃa, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., GÃ³mez, J. L., GÃ³mez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -WL., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., JimÃ©nez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J, Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y, Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R, Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P, Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., MartÃ-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., MÃŒller, C., Musoke, G., MejÃas, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-LeÃ³n, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L, Pesce, D. W., PiÃ©tu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., PÃ¶tzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-LÃ³pez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y, Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., SÃ¡nchez, S., SÃ¡nchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F, Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F, Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y, Zhao, S. -S, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., AngÃŒner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., BernlÃ¶hr, K., Bi, B., BÃ¶ttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., BÃŒchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., CuryÅo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-AtaÃ¯, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., De Clairfontaine, G. F., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., FÃŒÃling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H, Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., HÃ¶rbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., KatarzyÅski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., KhÃ©lifi, B., Klepser, S., KluÅºniak, W., Komin, N., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., MartÃ-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., De Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. P., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., PÃŒhlhofer, G., Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Å., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., Van Der Walt, D. J., Van Eldik, C., Van Rensburg, C., Van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., VÃ¶lk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. W., Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Å»ywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., BabiÄ, A., Baquero, A., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Becerra GonzÃ¡lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., BoÅ¡njak, Åœ., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. 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Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass âŒ6.5 Ã 109 M oË. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous Î³-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the Î³-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. Â© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
Published: 2021
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37. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., BalokoviÄ, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z, Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y, Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S, Lu, R. -S, Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K, Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y, Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K, Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T, Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., GarcÃa, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., GÃ³mez, J. L., GÃ³mez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -WL., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., JimÃ©nez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J, Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y, Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R, Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P, Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., MartÃ-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., MÃŒller, C., Musoke, G., MejÃas, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-LeÃ³n, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L, Pesce, D. W., PiÃ©tu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., PÃ¶tzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-LÃ³pez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y, Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., SÃ¡nchez, S., SÃ¡nchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F, Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. 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Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass âŒ6.5 Ã 109 M oË. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous Î³-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the Î³-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. Â© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
Published: 2021
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38. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., BalokoviÄ, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z, Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y, Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S, Lu, R. -S, Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K, Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y, Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K, Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T, Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., GarcÃa, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., GÃ³mez, J. L., GÃ³mez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -WL., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., JimÃ©nez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J, Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y, Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R, Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P, Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., MartÃ-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., MÃŒller, C., Musoke, G., MejÃas, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-LeÃ³n, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L, Pesce, D. W., PiÃ©tu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., PÃ¶tzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-LÃ³pez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y, Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., SÃ¡nchez, S., SÃ¡nchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F, Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F, Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y, Zhao, S. -S, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., AngÃŒner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., BernlÃ¶hr, K., Bi, B., BÃ¶ttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., BÃŒchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., CuryÅo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. 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Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass âŒ6.5 Ã 109 M oË. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous Î³-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the Î³-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. Â© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
Published: 2021
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39. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Ł., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zarić, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, Yonekura, Yoshinori, Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Ł., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zarić, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, and Yonekura, Yoshinori
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
Published: 2021

40. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Ł., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zarić, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, Yonekura, Yoshinori, Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. 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D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. 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B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, and Yonekura, Yoshinori
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
Published: 2021

41. H.E.S.S. and MAGIC observations of a sudden cessation of a very-high-energy γ-ray flare in PKS 1510−089 in May 2016

Author: Abdalla, H. (H.), Adam, R. (R.), Aharonian, F. (F.), Benkhali, F. A. (F. Ait), Anguner, E. O. (E. O.), Arcaro, C. (C.), Armand, C. (C.), Armstrong, T. (T.), Ashkar, H. (H.), Backes, M. (M.), Baghmanyan, V. (V), Martins, V. B. (V. Barbosa), Barnacka, A. (A.), Barnard, M. (M.), Becherini, Y. (Y.), Berge, D. (D.), Bernlohr, K. (K.), Bi, B. (B.), Bottcher, M. (M.), Boisson, C. (C.), Bolmont, J. (J.), Bonnefoy, S. (S.), de Lavergne, M. d. (M. de Bony), Bregeon, J. (J.), Breuhaus, M. (M.), Brun, F. (F.), Brun, P. (P.), Bryan, M. (M.), Buchele, M. (M.), Bulik, T. (T.), Bylund, T. (T.), Caroff, S. (S.), Carosi, A. (A.), Casanova, S. (S.), Chand, T. (T.), Chandra, S. (S.), Chen, A. (A.), Cotter, G. (G.), Mbarubucyeye, J. D. (J. Damascene), Davids, I. D. (I. D.), Davies, J. (J.), Deil, C. (C.), Devin, J. (J.), DeWilt, P. (P.), Dirson, L. (L.), Djannati-Atai, A. (A.), Dmytriiev, A. (A.), Donath, A. (A.), Doroshenko, V. (V), Dyks, J. (J.), Egberts, K. (K.), Eichhorn, F. (F.), Einecke, S. (S.), Emery, G. (G.), Ernenwein, J.-P. (J-P), Feijen, K. (K.), Fegan, S. (S.), Fiasson, A. (A.), de Clairfontaine, G. F. (G. Fichet), Filipovic, M. (M.), Fontaine, G. (G.), Funk, S. (S.), Fuling, M. (M.), Gabici, S. (S.), Gallant, Y. A. (Y. A.), Giavitto, G. (G.), Giunti, L. (L.), Glawion, D. (D.), Glicenstein, J. F. (J. F.), Gottschall, D. (D.), Grondin, M.-H. (M-H), Hahn, J. (J.), Haupt, M. (M.), Hermann, G. (G.), Hinton, J. A. (J. A.), Hofmann, W. (W.), Hoischen, C. (C.), Holch, T. L. (T. L.), Holler, M. (M.), Horbe, M. (M.), Horns, D. (D.), Huber, D. (D.), Jamrozy, M. (M.), Jankowsky, D. (D.), Jankowsky, F. (F.), Jardin-Blicq, A. (A.), Joshi, V. (V), Jung-Richardt, I. (I), Kastendieck, M. A. (M. A.), Katarzynski, K. (K.), Katz, U. (U.), Khangulyan, D. (D.), Khelifi, B. (B.), Klepser, S. (S.), Kluzniak, W. (W.), Komin, N. (Nu), Konno, R. (R.), Kosack, K. (K.), Kostunin, D. (D.), Kreter, M. (M.), Lamanna, G. (G.), Lemiere, A. (A.), Lemoine-Goumard, M. (M.), Lenain, J.-P. (J-P), Levy, C. (C.), Lohse, T. (T.), Lypova, I. (I), Mackey, J. (J.), Majumdar, J. (J.), Malyshev, D. (D.), Marandon, V. (V), Marchegiani, P. (P.), Marcowith, A. (A.), Mares, A. (A.), Marti-Devesa, G. (G.), Marx, R. (R.), Maurin, G. (G.), Meintjes, P. J. (P. J.), Meyer, M. (M.), Mitchell, A. M. (A. M. W.), Moderski, R. (R.), Mohamed, M. (M.), Mohrmann, L. (L.), Montanari, A. (A.), Moore, C. (C.), Morris, P. (P.), Moulin, E. (E.), Muller, J. (J.), Murach, T. (T.), Nakashima, K. (K.), Nayerhoda, A. (A.), de Naurois, M. (M.), Ndiyavala, H. (H.), Niederwanger, F. (F.), Niemiec, D. (D.), Oakes, L. (L.), O'Brien, P. (P.), Odaka, H. (H.), Ohm, S. (S.), Olivera-Nieto, L. (L.), Wilhelmi, E. d. (E. de Ona), Ostrowski, M. (M.), Panter, M. (M.), Panny, S. (S.), Parsons, R. D. (R. D.), Peron, G. (G.), Peyaud, B. (B.), Piel, Q. (Q.), Pita, S. (S.), Poireau, V. (V), Noel, A. P. (A. Priyana), Prokhorov, D. A. (D. A.), Prokoph, H. (H.), Puhlhofer, G. (G.), Punch, M. (M.), Quirrenbach, A. (A.), Raab, S. (S.), Rauth, R. (R.), Reichherzer, P. (P.), Reimer, A. (A.), Reimer, O. (O.), Remy, Q. (Q.), Renaud, M. (M.), Rieger, F. (F.), Rinchiuso, L. (L.), Romoli, C. (C.), Rowell, G. (G.), Rudak, B. (B.), Ruiz-Velasco, E. (E.), Sahakian, V. (V), Sailer, S. (S.), Sanchez, D. A. (D. A.), Santangelo, A. (A.), Sasaki, M. (M.), Scalici, M. (M.), Schussler, F. (F.), Schutte, H. M. (H. M.), Schwanke, U. (U.), Schwemmer, S. (S.), Seglar-Arroyo, M. (M.), Senniappan, M. (M.), Seyffert, A. S. (A. S.), Shafi, N. (N.), Shiningayamwe, K. (K.), Simoni, R. (R.), Sinha, A. (A.), Sol, H. (H.), Specovius, A. (A.), Spencer, S. (S.), Sun, L. (L.), Steenkamp, R. (R.), Stegmann, C. (C.), Steinmassl, S. (S.), Steppa, C. (C.), Takahashi, T. (T.), Tavernier, T. (T.), Taylor, A. M. (A. M.), Terrier, R. (R.), Tiziani, D. (D.), Tluczykont, M. (M.), Tomankova, L. (L.), Trichard, C. (C.), Tsirou, M. (M.), Tuffs, R. (R.), Uchiyama, Y. (Y.), van der Walt, D. J. (D. J.), van Eldik, C. (C.), van Rensburg, C. (C.), van Soelen, B. (B.), Vasileiadis, G. (G.), Veh, J. (J.), Venter, C. (C.), Vincent, P. (P.), Vink, J. (J.), Volk, H. J. (H. J.), Vuillaume, T. (T.), Wadiasingh, Z. (Z.), Wagner, S. J. (S. J.), Watson, J. (J.), Werner, F. (F.), White, R. (R.), Wierzcholska, A. (A.), Wong, Y. W. (Yu W.), Yusafzai, A. (A.), Zacharias, M. (M.), Zanin, R. (R.), Zargaryan, D. (D.), Zdziarski, A. A. (A. A.), Zech, A. (A.), Zhu, S. J. (S. J.), Zorn, J. (J.), Zouari, S. (S.), Acciari, V. A. (V. A.), Ansoldi, S. (S.), Antonelli, L. A. (L. A.), Engels, A. A. (A. Arbet), Asano, K. (K.), Baack, D. (D.), Babic, A. (A.), Baquero, A. (A.), de Almeida, U. B. (U. Barres), Barrio, J. A. (J. A.), Gonzalez, J. B. (J. Becerra), Bednarek, W. (W.), Bellizzi, L. (L.), Bernardini, E. (E.), Berti, A. (A.), Besenrieder, J. (J.), Bhattacharyya, W. (W.), Bigongiari, C. (C.), Biland, A. (A.), Blanch, O. (O.), Bonnoli, G. (G.), Busetto, G. (G.), Carosi, R. (R.), Ceribella, G. (G.), Cerruti, M. (M.), Chai, Y. (Y.), Chilingarian, A. (A.), Cikota, S. (S.), Colak, S. M. (S. M.), Colin, U. (U.), Colombo, E. (E.), Contreras, J. L. (J. L.), Cortina, J. (J.), Covino, S. (S.), D'Amico, G. (G.), D'Elia, V. (V), Da Vela, P. (P.), Dazzi, F. (F.), De Angelis, A. (A.), De Lotto, B. (B.), Delfino, M. (M.), Delgado, J. (J.), Depaoli, D. (D.), Di Pierro, F. (F.), Di Venere, L. (L.), Espineira, E. D. (E. Do Souto), Prester, D. D. (D. Dominis), Donini, A. (A.), Dorner, D. (D.), Doro, M. (M.), Elsaesser, D. (D.), Ramazani, V. F. (V. Fallah), Fattorini, A. (A.), Ferrara, G. (G.), Foffano, L. (L.), Fonseca, M. V. (M., V), Font, L. (L.), Fruck, C. (C.), Fukami, S. (S.), Lopez, R. J. (R. J. Garcia), Garczarczyk, M. (M.), Gasparyan, S. (S.), Gaug, M. (M.), Giglietto, N. (N.), Giordano, F. (F.), Gliwny, P. (P.), Godinovic, N. (N.), Green, D. (D.), Hadasch, D. (D.), Hahn, A. (A.), Heckmann, L. (L.), Herrera, J. (J.), Hoang, J. (J.), Hrupec, D. (D.), Hutten, M. (M.), Inada, T. (T.), Inoue, S. (S.), Ishio, K. (K.), Iwamura, Y. (Y.), Jouvin, L. (L.), Kajiwara, Y. (Y.), Karjalainen, M. (M.), Kerszberg, D. (D.), Kobayashi, Y. (Y.), Kubo, H. (H.), Kushida, J. (J.), Lamastra, A. (A.), Lelas, D. (D.), Leone, F. (F.), Lindfors, E. (E.), Lombardi, S. (S.), Longo, F. (F.), Lopez, M. (M.), Lopez-Coto, R. (R.), Lopez-Oramas, A. (A.), Loporchio, S. (S.), Fraga, B. M. (B. Machado de Oliveira), Maggio, C. (C.), Majumdar, P. (P.), Makariev, M. (M.), Mallamaci, M. (M.), Maneva, G. (G.), Manganaro, M. (M.), Mannheim, K. (K.), Maraschi, L. (L.), Mariotti, M. (M.), Martinez, M. (M.), Mazin, D. (D.), Mender, S. (S.), Micanovi, S. (S.), Miceli, D. (D.), Miener, T. (T.), Minev, M. (M.), Miranda, J. M. (J. M.), Mirzoyan, R. (R.), Molina, E. (E.), Moralejo, A. (A.), Morcuende, D. (D.), Moreno, V. (V), Moretti, E. (E.), Munar-Adrover, P. (P.), Neustroev, V. (V), Nigro, C. (C.), Nilsson, K. (K.), Ninci, D. (D.), Nishijima, K. (K.), Noda, K. (K.), Nozaki, S. (S.), Ohtani, Y. (Y.), Oka, T. (T.), Otero-Santos, J. (J.), Palatiello, M. (M.), Paneque, D. (D.), Paoletti, R. (R.), Paredes, J. M. (J. M.), Pavletic, L. (L.), Penil, P. (P.), Perennes, C. (C.), Persic, M. (M.), Moroni, P. G. (P. G. Prada), Prandini, E. (E.), Priyadarshi, C. (C.), Puljak, I. (I), Rhode, W. (W.), Ribo, M. (M.), Rico, J. (J.), Righi, C. (C.), Rugliancich, A. (A.), Saha, L. (L.), Sahakyan, N. (N.), Saito, T. (T.), Sakurai, S. (S.), Satalecka, K. (K.), Schleicher, B. (B.), Schmidt, K. (K.), Schweizer, T. (T.), Sitarek, J. (J.), Snidaric, I. (I), Sobczynska, D. (D.), Spolon, A. (A.), Stamerra, A. (A.), Strom, D. (D.), Strzys, M. (M.), Suda, Y. (Y.), Suric, T. (T.), Takahashi, M. (M.), Tavecchio, F. (F.), Temnikov, P. (P.), Terzic, T. (T.), Teshima, M. (M.), Torres-Alba, N. (N.), Tosti, L. (L.), Truzzi, S. (S.), van Scherpenberg, J. (J.), Vanzo, G. (G.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Ventura, S. (S.), Verguilov, V. (V.), Vigorito, C. F. (C. F.), Vitale, V. (V.), Vovk, I. (I), Will, M. (M.), Zaric, D. (D.), Jorstad, S. G. (S. G.), Marscher, A. P. (A. P.), Boccardi, B. (B.), Casadio, C. (C.), Hodgson, J. (J.), Kim, J.-Y. (J-Y), Krichbaum, T. P. (T. P.), Lahteenmaki, A. (A.), Tornikoski, M. (M.), Traianou, E. (E.), Weaver, Z. R. (Z. R.), Abdalla, H. (H.), Adam, R. (R.), Aharonian, F. (F.), Benkhali, F. A. (F. Ait), Anguner, E. O. (E. O.), Arcaro, C. (C.), Armand, C. (C.), Armstrong, T. (T.), Ashkar, H. (H.), Backes, M. (M.), Baghmanyan, V. (V), Martins, V. B. (V. Barbosa), Barnacka, A. (A.), Barnard, M. (M.), Becherini, Y. (Y.), Berge, D. (D.), Bernlohr, K. (K.), Bi, B. (B.), Bottcher, M. (M.), Boisson, C. (C.), Bolmont, J. (J.), Bonnefoy, S. (S.), de Lavergne, M. d. (M. de Bony), Bregeon, J. (J.), Breuhaus, M. (M.), Brun, F. (F.), Brun, P. (P.), Bryan, M. (M.), Buchele, M. (M.), Bulik, T. (T.), Bylund, T. (T.), Caroff, S. (S.), Carosi, A. (A.), Casanova, S. (S.), Chand, T. (T.), Chandra, S. (S.), Chen, A. (A.), Cotter, G. (G.), Mbarubucyeye, J. D. (J. Damascene), Davids, I. D. (I. D.), Davies, J. (J.), Deil, C. (C.), Devin, J. (J.), DeWilt, P. (P.), Dirson, L. (L.), Djannati-Atai, A. (A.), Dmytriiev, A. (A.), Donath, A. (A.), Doroshenko, V. (V), Dyks, J. (J.), Egberts, K. (K.), Eichhorn, F. (F.), Einecke, S. (S.), Emery, G. (G.), Ernenwein, J.-P. (J-P), Feijen, K. (K.), Fegan, S. (S.), Fiasson, A. (A.), de Clairfontaine, G. F. (G. Fichet), Filipovic, M. (M.), Fontaine, G. (G.), Funk, S. (S.), Fuling, M. (M.), Gabici, S. (S.), Gallant, Y. A. (Y. A.), Giavitto, G. (G.), Giunti, L. (L.), Glawion, D. (D.), Glicenstein, J. F. (J. F.), Gottschall, D. (D.), Grondin, M.-H. (M-H), Hahn, J. (J.), Haupt, M. (M.), Hermann, G. (G.), Hinton, J. A. (J. A.), Hofmann, W. (W.), Hoischen, C. (C.), Holch, T. L. (T. L.), Holler, M. (M.), Horbe, M. (M.), Horns, D. (D.), Huber, D. (D.), Jamrozy, M. (M.), Jankowsky, D. (D.), Jankowsky, F. (F.), Jardin-Blicq, A. (A.), Joshi, V. (V), Jung-Richardt, I. (I), Kastendieck, M. A. (M. A.), Katarzynski, K. (K.), Katz, U. (U.), Khangulyan, D. (D.), Khelifi, B. (B.), Klepser, S. (S.), Kluzniak, W. (W.), Komin, N. (Nu), Konno, R. (R.), Kosack, K. (K.), Kostunin, D. (D.), Kreter, M. (M.), Lamanna, G. (G.), Lemiere, A. (A.), Lemoine-Goumard, M. (M.), Lenain, J.-P. (J-P), Levy, C. (C.), Lohse, T. (T.), Lypova, I. (I), Mackey, J. (J.), Majumdar, J. (J.), Malyshev, D. (D.), Marandon, V. (V), Marchegiani, P. (P.), Marcowith, A. (A.), Mares, A. (A.), Marti-Devesa, G. (G.), Marx, R. (R.), Maurin, G. (G.), Meintjes, P. J. (P. J.), Meyer, M. (M.), Mitchell, A. M. (A. M. W.), Moderski, R. (R.), Mohamed, M. (M.), Mohrmann, L. (L.), Montanari, A. (A.), Moore, C. (C.), Morris, P. (P.), Moulin, E. (E.), Muller, J. (J.), Murach, T. (T.), Nakashima, K. (K.), Nayerhoda, A. (A.), de Naurois, M. (M.), Ndiyavala, H. (H.), Niederwanger, F. (F.), Niemiec, D. (D.), Oakes, L. (L.), O'Brien, P. (P.), Odaka, H. (H.), Ohm, S. (S.), Olivera-Nieto, L. (L.), Wilhelmi, E. d. (E. de Ona), Ostrowski, M. (M.), Panter, M. (M.), Panny, S. (S.), Parsons, R. D. (R. D.), Peron, G. (G.), Peyaud, B. (B.), Piel, Q. (Q.), Pita, S. (S.), Poireau, V. (V), Noel, A. P. (A. Priyana), Prokhorov, D. A. (D. A.), Prokoph, H. (H.), Puhlhofer, G. (G.), Punch, M. (M.), Quirrenbach, A. (A.), Raab, S. (S.), Rauth, R. (R.), Reichherzer, P. (P.), Reimer, A. (A.), Reimer, O. (O.), Remy, Q. (Q.), Renaud, M. (M.), Rieger, F. (F.), Rinchiuso, L. (L.), Romoli, C. (C.), Rowell, G. (G.), Rudak, B. (B.), Ruiz-Velasco, E. (E.), Sahakian, V. (V), Sailer, S. (S.), Sanchez, D. A. (D. A.), Santangelo, A. (A.), Sasaki, M. (M.), Scalici, M. (M.), Schussler, F. (F.), Schutte, H. M. (H. M.), Schwanke, U. (U.), Schwemmer, S. (S.), Seglar-Arroyo, M. (M.), Senniappan, M. (M.), Seyffert, A. S. (A. S.), Shafi, N. (N.), Shiningayamwe, K. (K.), Simoni, R. (R.), Sinha, A. (A.), Sol, H. (H.), Specovius, A. (A.), Spencer, S. (S.), Sun, L. (L.), Steenkamp, R. (R.), Stegmann, C. (C.), Steinmassl, S. (S.), Steppa, C. (C.), Takahashi, T. (T.), Tavernier, T. (T.), Taylor, A. M. (A. M.), Terrier, R. (R.), Tiziani, D. (D.), Tluczykont, M. (M.), Tomankova, L. (L.), Trichard, C. (C.), Tsirou, M. (M.), Tuffs, R. (R.), Uchiyama, Y. (Y.), van der Walt, D. J. (D. J.), van Eldik, C. (C.), van Rensburg, C. (C.), van Soelen, B. (B.), Vasileiadis, G. (G.), Veh, J. (J.), Venter, C. (C.), Vincent, P. (P.), Vink, J. (J.), Volk, H. J. (H. J.), Vuillaume, T. (T.), Wadiasingh, Z. (Z.), Wagner, S. J. (S. J.), Watson, J. (J.), Werner, F. (F.), White, R. (R.), Wierzcholska, A. (A.), Wong, Y. W. (Yu W.), Yusafzai, A. (A.), Zacharias, M. (M.), Zanin, R. (R.), Zargaryan, D. (D.), Zdziarski, A. A. (A. A.), Zech, A. (A.), Zhu, S. J. (S. J.), Zorn, J. (J.), Zouari, S. (S.), Acciari, V. A. (V. A.), Ansoldi, S. (S.), Antonelli, L. A. (L. A.), Engels, A. A. (A. Arbet), Asano, K. (K.), Baack, D. (D.), Babic, A. (A.), Baquero, A. (A.), de Almeida, U. B. (U. Barres), Barrio, J. A. (J. A.), Gonzalez, J. B. (J. Becerra), Bednarek, W. (W.), Bellizzi, L. (L.), Bernardini, E. (E.), Berti, A. (A.), Besenrieder, J. (J.), Bhattacharyya, W. (W.), Bigongiari, C. (C.), Biland, A. (A.), Blanch, O. (O.), Bonnoli, G. (G.), Busetto, G. (G.), Carosi, R. (R.), Ceribella, G. (G.), Cerruti, M. (M.), Chai, Y. (Y.), Chilingarian, A. (A.), Cikota, S. (S.), Colak, S. M. (S. M.), Colin, U. (U.), Colombo, E. (E.), Contreras, J. L. (J. L.), Cortina, J. (J.), Covino, S. (S.), D'Amico, G. (G.), D'Elia, V. (V), Da Vela, P. (P.), Dazzi, F. (F.), De Angelis, A. (A.), De Lotto, B. (B.), Delfino, M. (M.), Delgado, J. (J.), Depaoli, D. (D.), Di Pierro, F. (F.), Di Venere, L. (L.), Espineira, E. D. (E. Do Souto), Prester, D. D. (D. Dominis), Donini, A. (A.), Dorner, D. (D.), Doro, M. (M.), Elsaesser, D. (D.), Ramazani, V. F. (V. Fallah), Fattorini, A. (A.), Ferrara, G. (G.), Foffano, L. (L.), Fonseca, M. V. (M., V), Font, L. (L.), Fruck, C. (C.), Fukami, S. (S.), Lopez, R. J. (R. J. Garcia), Garczarczyk, M. (M.), Gasparyan, S. (S.), Gaug, M. (M.), Giglietto, N. (N.), Giordano, F. (F.), Gliwny, P. (P.), Godinovic, N. (N.), Green, D. (D.), Hadasch, D. (D.), Hahn, A. (A.), Heckmann, L. (L.), Herrera, J. (J.), Hoang, J. (J.), Hrupec, D. (D.), Hutten, M. (M.), Inada, T. (T.), Inoue, S. (S.), Ishio, K. (K.), Iwamura, Y. (Y.), Jouvin, L. (L.), Kajiwara, Y. (Y.), Karjalainen, M. (M.), Kerszberg, D. (D.), Kobayashi, Y. (Y.), Kubo, H. (H.), Kushida, J. (J.), Lamastra, A. (A.), Lelas, D. (D.), Leone, F. (F.), Lindfors, E. (E.), Lombardi, S. (S.), Longo, F. (F.), Lopez, M. (M.), Lopez-Coto, R. (R.), Lopez-Oramas, A. (A.), Loporchio, S. (S.), Fraga, B. M. (B. Machado de Oliveira), Maggio, C. (C.), Majumdar, P. (P.), Makariev, M. (M.), Mallamaci, M. (M.), Maneva, G. (G.), Manganaro, M. (M.), Mannheim, K. (K.), Maraschi, L. (L.), Mariotti, M. (M.), Martinez, M. (M.), Mazin, D. (D.), Mender, S. (S.), Micanovi, S. (S.), Miceli, D. (D.), Miener, T. (T.), Minev, M. (M.), Miranda, J. M. (J. M.), Mirzoyan, R. (R.), Molina, E. (E.), Moralejo, A. (A.), Morcuende, D. (D.), Moreno, V. (V), Moretti, E. (E.), Munar-Adrover, P. (P.), Neustroev, V. (V), Nigro, C. (C.), Nilsson, K. (K.), Ninci, D. (D.), Nishijima, K. (K.), Noda, K. (K.), Nozaki, S. (S.), Ohtani, Y. (Y.), Oka, T. (T.), Otero-Santos, J. (J.), Palatiello, M. (M.), Paneque, D. (D.), Paoletti, R. (R.), Paredes, J. M. (J. M.), Pavletic, L. (L.), Penil, P. (P.), Perennes, C. (C.), Persic, M. (M.), Moroni, P. G. (P. G. Prada), Prandini, E. (E.), Priyadarshi, C. (C.), Puljak, I. (I), Rhode, W. (W.), Ribo, M. (M.), Rico, J. (J.), Righi, C. (C.), Rugliancich, A. (A.), Saha, L. (L.), Sahakyan, N. (N.), Saito, T. (T.), Sakurai, S. (S.), Satalecka, K. (K.), Schleicher, B. (B.), Schmidt, K. (K.), Schweizer, T. (T.), Sitarek, J. (J.), Snidaric, I. (I), Sobczynska, D. (D.), Spolon, A. (A.), Stamerra, A. (A.), Strom, D. (D.), Strzys, M. (M.), Suda, Y. (Y.), Suric, T. (T.), Takahashi, M. (M.), Tavecchio, F. (F.), Temnikov, P. (P.), Terzic, T. (T.), Teshima, M. (M.), Torres-Alba, N. (N.), Tosti, L. (L.), Truzzi, S. (S.), van Scherpenberg, J. (J.), Vanzo, G. (G.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Ventura, S. (S.), Verguilov, V. (V.), Vigorito, C. F. (C. F.), Vitale, V. (V.), Vovk, I. (I), Will, M. (M.), Zaric, D. (D.), Jorstad, S. G. (S. G.), Marscher, A. P. (A. P.), Boccardi, B. (B.), Casadio, C. (C.), Hodgson, J. (J.), Kim, J.-Y. (J-Y), Krichbaum, T. P. (T. P.), Lahteenmaki, A. (A.), Tornikoski, M. (M.), Traianou, E. (E.), and Weaver, Z. R. (Z. R.)
Abstract: The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1510−089 is known for its complex multiwavelength behaviour and it is one of only a few FSRQs detected in very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays. The VHE γ-ray observations with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC in late May and early June 2016 resulted in the detection of an unprecedented flare, which revealed, for the first time, VHE γ-ray intranight variability for this source. While a common variability timescale of 1.5 h has been found, there is a significant deviation near the end of the flare, with a timescale of ∼20 min marking the cessation of the event. The peak flux is nearly two orders of magnitude above the low-level emission. For the first time, a curvature was detected in the VHE γ-ray spectrum of PKS 1510–089, which can be fully explained by the absorption on the part of the extragalactic background light. Optical R-band observations with ATOM revealed a counterpart of the γ-ray flare, even though the detailed flux evolution differs from the VHE γ-ray light curve. Interestingly, a steep flux decrease was observed at the same time as the cessation of the VHE γ-ray flare. In the high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) γ-ray band, only a moderate flux increase was observed with Fermi-LAT, while the HE γ-ray spectrum significantly hardens up to a photon index of 1.6. A search for broad-line region (BLR) absorption features in the γ-ray spectrum indicates that the emission region is located outside of the BLR. Radio very-long-baseline interferometry observations reveal a fast-moving knot interacting with a standing jet feature around the time of the flare. As the standing feature is located ∼50 pc from the black hole, the emission region of the flare may have been located at a significant distance from the black hole. If this is indeed a true correlation, the VHE γ rays must have been produced far down in the jet, where turbulent plasma crosses a standing shock.
Published: 2021

42. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. 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B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, and Yonekura, Yoshinori
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
Published: 2021

43. Observational insights on the formation scenarios of giant low surface brightness galaxies

Author: Saburova, Anna, Chilingarian, Igor, Kasparova, Anastasia, Sil'chenko, Olga, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, Uklein, Roman, Saburova, Anna, Chilingarian, Igor, Kasparova, Anastasia, Sil'chenko, Olga, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, and Uklein, Roman
Abstract: Giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) with the disk radii of up to 130 kpc represent a challenge for currently accepted theories of galaxy formation and evolution, because it is difficult to build-up such large dynamically cold systems via mergers preserving extended disks. We summarize the in-depth study of the sample of 7 gLSBGs based on the results of the performed spectral long-slit observations at the Russian 6-m BTA telescope of SAO RAS, surface photometry and HI data available in literature. Our study revealed that most gLSBGs do not deviate from the Tully-Fisher relation. We discovered compact elliptical (cE) satellites in 2 out of these 7 galaxies. Provided the low statistical frequencies of gLSBGs and cEs, the chance alignment is improbable, so it can indicate that gLSBGs and cE are evolutionary connected and gives evidence in favor of the major merger formation scenario. Other formation paths of gLSBGs are also discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Astronomy at the epoch of multimessenger studies. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23-28, 2021 - Moscow, 2021
Published: 2021

44. RCSEDv2: Processing and analysis of 4+ million galaxy spectra

Author: Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Chilingarian, Igor, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Kasparova, Anastasia, Klochkov, Vladislav, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Chilingarian, Igor, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, Toptun, Victoria, Kasparova, Anastasia, Klochkov, Vladislav, and Borisov, Sviatoslav
Abstract: RCSEDv2 (https://rcsed2.voxastro.org/), the second Reference Catalog of Spectral Energy Distributions of galaxies, provides the largest homogeneously analyzed collection of optical galaxy spectra originating from several ground-based surveys collected between 1994 and 2019. The database contains astrophysical parameters obtained using the same data analysis approach from a sample of over 4 million optical spectra of galaxies and quasars: kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas, chemical composition and age of stellar populations, gas phase metallicity. The dataset is available via Virtual Observatory access interfaces (IVOA TAP and SSAP) and through the web-site. Here we describe the RCSEDv2 spectroscopic dataset and the data processing and analysis., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2021

45. RCSEDv2: analytic approximations of k-corrections for galaxies out to redshift $z=1$

Author: Kasparova, Anastasia, Chilingarian, Igor, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Klochkov, Vladislav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Toptun, Victoria, Kasparova, Anastasia, Chilingarian, Igor, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Grishin, Kirill, Katkov, Ivan, Klochkov, Vladislav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, and Toptun, Victoria
Abstract: To compare photometric properties of galaxies at different redshifts, we need to correct fluxes for the change of effective rest-frame wavelengths of filter bandpasses, called $k$-corrections. At redshifts $z>0.3$, the wavelength shift becomes so large that typical broadband photometric bands shift into the neighboring rest frame band. At $z=0.6-0.8$ the shift reaches two or even three bands. Therefore, we need perform $k$-corrections from one observed bandpass to another. Here we expand the methodology proposed by Chilingarian et al. (2010) and fit cross-band $k$-corrections by smooth low-order polynomial functions of one observed color and a redshift - this approach but without cross-band is implemented as standard functions in {\sc topcat}, which can be used for galaxies at $z<0.5$. We also computed analytic approximations for WISE bands, which were not available in the past. We now have a complete set of $k$-corrections coefficients, which allow us to process photometric measurements for galaxies out to redshift $z=1$. We calculated standard and cross-band $k$-corrections for about 4 million galaxies in second Reference Catalog of Spectral Energy Distributions (RCSEDv2) of galaxies and we showed that, in cases of widely used UV, optical and near-infrared filters, our analytic approximations work very well and can be used for extragalactic data from future wide-field surveys., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2021

46. RCSEDv2: Open-source web tools for visualization of imaging and spectral data

Author: Klochkov, Vladislav, Katkov, Ivan, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Toptun, Victoria, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Klochkov, Vladislav, Katkov, Ivan, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Toptun, Victoria, Rubtsov, Evgenii, and Borisov, Sviatoslav
Abstract: We present a set of open-source web tools for visualization of spectral and imaging data, which we use in the second Reference Catalogue of Spectral Energy Distributions of galaxies RCSEDv2 (https://rcsed2.voxastro.org/). Using modern web frameworks Quasar and Vue.js we developed interactive viewers to visualize spectra and SEDs of galaxies and the diagrams presenting emission line ratios determined from the analysis of their spectra (BPT diagrams). The viewers are built in Javascript which puts a minimum load on the server side while providing full interactivity for the user. The use of modern web frameworks provides full customization making the viewers easily embeddable into web-sites of astronomical archives and databases. It also provides compatibility with popular third-party web-tools such as Aladin Lite., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2021

47. RCSEDv2: the largest database of galaxy properties from a homogeneously processed multi-wavelength dataset

Author: Chilingarian, Igor, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Katkov, Ivan, Klochkov, Vladislav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Katkov, Ivan, Klochkov, Vladislav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, and Toptun, Victoria
Abstract: The Reference Catalog of Spectral Energy Distributions of 800,000 galaxies (RCSED) includes the results of uniform re-processing of 800,000 SDSS DR7 galaxies at redshifts $0.007
Published: 2021

48. RCSEDv2: homogenization of multi-wavelength photometric data

Author: Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Klochkov, Vladislav, Toptun, Victoria, Chilingarian, Igor, Katkov, Ivan, Grishin, Kirill, Kasparova, Anastasia, Borisov, Sviatoslav, Rubtsov, Evgenii, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, and Klochkov, Vladislav
Abstract: RCSEDv2 (https://rcsed2.voxastro.org/), the second Reference Catalog of Spectral Energy Distributions of galaxies includes the largest homogeneously processed photometric dataset for 4 million galaxies assembled from several wide-field surveys. Here we describe the methodology of the photometric data homogenization. We first correct all photometric measurements for the foreground Galactic extinction, then convert them into the photometric system we adopted as a standard (GALEX + SDSS + UKIDSS + WISE). We computed aperture corrections into several pre-defined apertures by using published galaxy sizes / light profiles and image quality for each of the surveys. We accounted for k-corrections using our own analytic approximations. Such a homogeneous photometric catalog allows us to build fully calibrated SEDs for the galaxies in our sample (defined by the availability of their spectra) and enables direct scientific analysis of this unique extragalactic dataset., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXI Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) conference (published by ASP)
Published: 2021

49. Optical light curves of light-weight supermassive black holes produced by the Zwicky Transient Facility Forced Photometry Service

Author: Demianenko, Mariia, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Toptun, Victoria, Katkov, Ivan, Kuzmin, Ivan, Demianenko, Mariia, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, Goradzhanov, Vladimir, Toptun, Victoria, Katkov, Ivan, and Kuzmin, Ivan
Abstract: In this paper, we present an algorithm to correct optical light curves obtained using The Zwicky Transient Facility Forced Photometry Service and its application to the analysis of optical variability of 136 actvie galactic nuclei (AGN) powered by "light-weight" supermassive black holes (SMBH; $M_{BH}$<2*10^6 $\odot$) including 24 intermediate-mass black holes (IMBH; $M_{BH}$<2*10^5 $\odot$). We detected variability in nearly all sources and also analyzed its dependence on the X-ray luminosity for 101 objects. We also identified a previously unknown candidate tidal disruption event (TDE) in SDSS~J112637.74+513423.0., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Astronomy at the epoch of multimessenger studies. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23-28, 2021 - Moscow, 2021
Published: 2021

50. Observing, calibrating and reducing near-infrared imaging mosaics

Author: Grishin, Kirill, Chilingarian, Igor, Grishin, Kirill, and Chilingarian, Igor
Abstract: In near-infrared bands, co-adding and tiling of astronomical imaging datasets require a sufficiently high calibration quality (flat fielding, background subtraction). Here we present a complete workflow for obtaining imaging mosaics with the MMT and Magellan Infrared Spectrograph (MMIRS) operated at the 6.5-m MMT in Arizona and open-source add-on tools developed for the MMIRS pipeline for preparation and data reduction of mosaic observations. We describe pre-observing actions, such as design of dithering patterns and mosaic layouts and post-processing steps to perform absolute astrometric and photometric calibration, and also generate HiPS maps to display the final data product in Aladin / Aladin Lite., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the conference "Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XXXI" held (24 - 28 October 2021) in Cape Town, South Africa
Published: 2021

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