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We have demonstrated the realization of a coherent vesicle random lasing (VRL) from the dye doped azobenzene polymer vesicles self-assembled in the tetrahydrofuran-water system, which contains a double-walled structure: a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. The effect of the dye and azobenzene polymer concentration on the threshold of random laser has been researched. The threshold of random laser decreases with an increase in the concentration of the pyrromethene 597 (PM597) laser and azobenzene polymer. Moreover, the scattering of small size group vesicles is attributed to providing a loop to boost the coherent random laser through the Fourier transform analysis. Due to the vesicles having the similar structure with the cell, the generation of coherent random lasers from vesicles expand random lasers to the biomedicine filed.

We have demonstrated the realization of a coherent vesicle random lasing (VRL) from the dye doped azobenzene polymer vesicles self-assembled in the tetrahydrofuran-water system, which contains a double-walled structure: a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. The effect of the dye and azobenzene polymer concentration on the threshold of random laser has been researched. The threshold of random laser decreases with an increase in the concentration of the pyrromethene 597 (PM597) laser and azobenzene polymer. Moreover, the scattering of small size group vesicles is attributed to providing a loop to boost the coherent random laser through the Fourier transform analysis. Due to the vesicles having the similar structure with the cell, the generation of coherent random lasers from vesicles expand random lasers to the biomedicine filed.

We have demonstrated the realization of a coherent vesicle random lasing (VRL) from the dye doped azobenzene polymer vesicles self-assembled in the tetrahydrofuran-water system, which contains a double-walled structure: a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. The effect of the dye and azobenzene polymer concentration on the threshold of random laser has been researched. The threshold of random laser decreases with an increase in the concentration of the pyrromethene 597 (PM597) laser and azobenzene polymer. Moreover, the scattering of small size group vesicles is attributed to providing a loop to boost the coherent random laser through the Fourier transform analysis. Due to the vesicles having the similar structure with the cell, the generation of coherent random lasers from vesicles expand random lasers to the biomedicine filed.

We have demonstrated the realization of a coherent vesicle random lasing (VRL) from the dye doped azobenzene polymer vesicles self-assembled in the tetrahydrofuran-water system, which contains a double-walled structure: a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. The effect of the dye and azobenzene polymer concentration on the threshold of random laser has been researched. The threshold of random laser decreases with an increase in the concentration of the pyrromethene 597 (PM597) laser and azobenzene polymer. Moreover, the scattering of small size group vesicles is attributed to providing a loop to boost the coherent random laser through the Fourier transform analysis. Due to the vesicles having the similar structure with the cell, the generation of coherent random lasers from vesicles expand random lasers to the biomedicine filed.

Electrospinning is a very simple method of preparing polymer solutions into high performance fibers. In this work, PM597-doped polymer fibers with different diameters have been fabricated by electrospinning technology. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing emission was observed when a 532 nm pulse laser beam radially excited the single electrospun polymer fiber (EPF) created by this method. The distribution of WGMs is also quantitatively confirmed through theoretical calculation. Additionally, the number of WGM laser peaks decrease as the diameter of the EPF decreases. Single longitudinal mode laser emission can be obtained when the EPF diameter decreases to 8.8m. It has also been found that the WGM laser from the single EPF has relatively low thresholds and good lifetime compared to droplet lasers or other fiber lasers. Moreover, EPF networks have unique research prospects in photonic devices, optical pump lasers and biosensing due to their very large surface to volume ratio.

Electrospinning is a very simple method of preparing polymer solutions into high performance fibers. In this work, PM597-doped polymer fibers with different diameters have been fabricated by electrospinning technology. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing emission was observed when a 532 nm pulse laser beam radially excited the single electrospun polymer fiber (EPF) created by this method. The distribution of WGMs is also quantitatively confirmed through theoretical calculation. Additionally, the number of WGM laser peaks decrease as the diameter of the EPF decreases. Single longitudinal mode laser emission can be obtained when the EPF diameter decreases to 8.8m. It has also been found that the WGM laser from the single EPF has relatively low thresholds and good lifetime compared to droplet lasers or other fiber lasers. Moreover, EPF networks have unique research prospects in photonic devices, optical pump lasers and biosensing due to their very large surface to volume ratio.

Spin-glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high-volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi-energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin-glass phase are observed in the FRET-assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET-assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.

Spin-glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high-volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi-energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin-glass phase are observed in the FRET-assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET-assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.

Electrospinning is a very simple method of preparing polymer solutions into high performance fibers. In this work, PM597-doped polymer fibers with different diameters have been fabricated by electrospinning technology. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing emission was observed when a 532 nm pulse laser beam radially excited the single electrospun polymer fiber (EPF) created by this method. The distribution of WGMs is also quantitatively confirmed through theoretical calculation. Additionally, the number of WGM laser peaks decrease as the diameter of the EPF decreases. Single longitudinal mode laser emission can be obtained when the EPF diameter decreases to 8.8m. It has also been found that the WGM laser from the single EPF has relatively low thresholds and good lifetime compared to droplet lasers or other fiber lasers. Moreover, EPF networks have unique research prospects in photonic devices, optical pump lasers and biosensing due to their very large surface to volume ratio.

Spin-glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high-volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi-energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin-glass phase are observed in the FRET-assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET-assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.

Electrospinning is a very simple method of preparing polymer solutions into high performance fibers. In this work, PM597-doped polymer fibers with different diameters have been fabricated by electrospinning technology. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing emission was observed when a 532 nm pulse laser beam radially excited the single electrospun polymer fiber (EPF) created by this method. The distribution of WGMs is also quantitatively confirmed through theoretical calculation. Additionally, the number of WGM laser peaks decrease as the diameter of the EPF decreases. Single longitudinal mode laser emission can be obtained when the EPF diameter decreases to 8.8m. It has also been found that the WGM laser from the single EPF has relatively low thresholds and good lifetime compared to droplet lasers or other fiber lasers. Moreover, EPF networks have unique research prospects in photonic devices, optical pump lasers and biosensing due to their very large surface to volume ratio.

Spin-glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high-volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi-energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin-glass phase are observed in the FRET-assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET-assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.

This paper systematically demonstrated a variety of experimental phenomena of random lasers (RLs) of N,N′-di-(3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)propyl) perylene diimide (DPP) organic/inorganic hybrid laser dye, which is composed of perylene diimide (PDI) as gain media and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as scattering media at a mole ratio of 1:2. In this work, we observe the transition from incoherent RL in the DPP-doped solutions and polymer membrane systems using dip-coating method to coherent RL in the polymer membrane system with defect waveguide using semi-polymerization (SP) coating method. Meanwhile, we found that the hybrid dye-DPP has a long lasing lifetime compared with the traditional laser dyes, which indicates that the POSS group can suppress the photo-bleaching effect to extend the working life of laser dyes.

This paper systematically demonstrated a variety of experimental phenomena of random lasers (RLs) of N,N′-di-(3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)propyl) perylene diimide (DPP) organic/inorganic hybrid laser dye, which is composed of perylene diimide (PDI) as gain media and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as scattering media at a mole ratio of 1:2. In this work, we observe the transition from incoherent RL in the DPP-doped solutions and polymer membrane systems using dip-coating method to coherent RL in the polymer membrane system with defect waveguide using semi-polymerization (SP) coating method. Meanwhile, we found that the hybrid dye-DPP has a long lasing lifetime compared with the traditional laser dyes, which indicates that the POSS group can suppress the photo-bleaching effect to extend the working life of laser dyes.

This paper systematically demonstrated a variety of experimental phenomena of random lasers (RLs) of N,N′-di-(3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)propyl) perylene diimide (DPP) organic/inorganic hybrid laser dye, which is composed of perylene diimide (PDI) as gain media and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as scattering media at a mole ratio of 1:2. In this work, we observe the transition from incoherent RL in the DPP-doped solutions and polymer membrane systems using dip-coating method to coherent RL in the polymer membrane system with defect waveguide using semi-polymerization (SP) coating method. Meanwhile, we found that the hybrid dye-DPP has a long lasing lifetime compared with the traditional laser dyes, which indicates that the POSS group can suppress the photo-bleaching effect to extend the working life of laser dyes.

This paper systematically demonstrated a variety of experimental phenomena of random lasers (RLs) of N,N′-di-(3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)propyl) perylene diimide (DPP) organic/inorganic hybrid laser dye, which is composed of perylene diimide (PDI) as gain media and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as scattering media at a mole ratio of 1:2. In this work, we observe the transition from incoherent RL in the DPP-doped solutions and polymer membrane systems using dip-coating method to coherent RL in the polymer membrane system with defect waveguide using semi-polymerization (SP) coating method. Meanwhile, we found that the hybrid dye-DPP has a long lasing lifetime compared with the traditional laser dyes, which indicates that the POSS group can suppress the photo-bleaching effect to extend the working life of laser dyes.