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Objective To investigate prevalence and epidemiological and clinical factors associated with olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) in COVID-19 patients according to the disease severity. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 2579 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified between March 22 and June 3, 2020 from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Otolaryngological symptoms, including OD and GD, were collected through patient-reported outcome questionnaire and Sniffin’Sticks tests were carried out in a subset of patients. Results A total of 2579 patients were included, including 2166 mild (84.0%), 144 moderate (5.6%) and 269 severe-to-critical (10.4%) patients. Mild patients presented an otolaryngological picture of the disease with OD, GD, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat as the most prevalent symptoms. The prevalence of subjective OD and GD was 73.7 and 46.8%, and decreases with the severity of the disease. Females had higher prevalence of subjective OD and GD compared with males. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk to develop GD. Among the subset of patients who benefited from psychophysical olfactory evaluations, there were 75 anosmic, 43 hyposmic and 113 normosmic patients. The prevalence of anosmia significantly decreased with the severity of the disease. Anosmia or hyposmia were not associated with any nasal disorder, according to SNOT-22. Conclusion OD and GD are more prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19 compared with individuals with moderate, severe or critical diseases. Females might have a higher risk of developing OD and GD compared with males.

In the original publication of the article, one of the co-author’s name was published incorrectly as “Liugi A. Varia”. The correct name should read as “Luigi A. Vaira”. The original article has been updated., SCOPUS: er.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We investigated safety and efficacy of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for base of tongue (BOT) reduction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched. A meta-analysis was performed. Random effects models were used. Thirty-one cohorts met our criteria (1693 patients). The analysis was based mostly on retrospective studies. The summary estimate of the reduction of Apnea–Hypoxia Index (AHI) was 24.25 abnormal events per hour (95% CI: 21.69–26.81) and reduction of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was 7.92 (95% CI: 6.50–9.34). The summary estimate of increase in lowest O2 saturation was 6.04% (95% CI: 3.05–9.03). The success rate of TORS BOT reduction, either alone or combined with other procedures, was 69% (95% CI: 64–79). The majority of studies reported low level of evidence but suggested that TORS BOT reduction may be a safe procedure associated with improvement of AHI, ESS, and lowest O2 saturation., SCOPUS: re.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Objective: To investigate prevalence and epidemiological and clinical factors associated with olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) in COVID-19 patients according to the disease severity. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 2579 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified between March 22 and June 3, 2020 from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Otolaryngological symptoms, including OD and GD, were collected through patient-reported outcome questionnaire and Sniffin’Sticks tests were carried out in a subset of patients. Results: A total of 2579 patients were included, including 2166 mild (84.0%), 144 moderate (5.6%) and 269 severe-to-critical (10.4%) patients. Mild patients presented an otolaryngological picture of the disease with OD, GD, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat as the most prevalent symptoms. The prevalence of subjective OD and GD was 73.7 and 46.8%, and decreases with the severity of the disease. Females had higher prevalence of subjective OD and GD compared with males. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk to develop GD. Among the subset of patients who benefited from psychophysical olfactory evaluations, there were 75 anosmic, 43 hyposmic and 113 normosmic patients. The prevalence of anosmia significantly decreased with the severity of the disease. Anosmia or hyposmia were not associated with any nasal disorder, according to SNOT-22. Conclusion: OD and GD are more prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19 compared with individuals with moderate, severe or critical diseases. Females might have a higher risk of developing OD and GD compared with males., SCOPUS: ar.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). RESULTS: A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p < 0.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p = 0.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection.

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Methods: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). Results: A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p < 0.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p = 0.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ed.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: le.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to shed light the current indications and outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL) in patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched by three independent otolaryngologists from the Young Otolaryngologists of IFOS for studies investigating the indications, effectiveness and safety of TORS SGL. Surgical, functional, and survival outcomes have been investigated. Inclusion/exclusion criteria; demographic data; and clinical outcome evaluation of papers were analyzed using PRISMA criteria. Results: A total of 14 papers met our inclusion criteria, accounting for 422 patients (335 males & 87 females). The tumor location mainly consisted of epiglottis (55.4%), aryepglottic fold (31.2%), and ventricular band (5.1%). The following tumor stages were considered: cT1 (35.8%); cT2 (48.6%) and cT3 (13.9%). Feeding tube and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy were used in 62.5% and 8.82% of patients, respectively. The 24-month local & regional control rates ranged from 94.3% to 100% and 87.5% to 94.0%, respectively. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates ranged from 66.7% to 88.0% and 78.7% to 80.2%, respectively. There was an important heterogeneity between studies with regard to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, follow-up times, complications analysis; surgical and functional outcomes. Conclusion: TORS SGL is an effective approach for treating patients with early stages supraglottic cancers. Future controlled studies are needed to compare functional and survival outcomes between TORS SGL and other surgical approaches. Recommendations have been provided for future studies for better inclusion of patients, analysis of complications and functional outcomes., SCOPUS: re.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Traditional mesoscopic scale imaging methods (Histology, Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy and Optical Projection Tomography) require destructive or chemical clearing procedures of the sample. Optoacoustic imaging provides non-invasive high-resolution mapping of optical absorption up to a few centimeters depth into tissue. In this work, three different volumetric detection geometries using linear array transducers are introduced in order to provide new anatomical, molecular, and functional insights for mesoscopic scale biological samples. The systems open up a broad range of new applications in the context of pre-clinical imaging of developmental biology as well as cancer imaging, drug delivery and treatment monitoring., Bestehende mesoskopische Bildgebungsmethoden (Histologie, Lichtblattmikroskopie und optische Projektionstomographie) kommen nicht ohne physische Zerstörung oder chemische Vorbehandlung der Probe aus. Die optoakustische Bildgebung kann optische Absorption Zentimeter tief im Gewebe darstellen. In dieser Arbeit werden drei volumetrische Detektionsgeometrien basierend auf handelsüblichen Ultraschalldetektoren vorgestellt, um neue anatomische, molekulare und funktionale Erkenntnisse über mesoskopische Proben zu gewinnen. Die Systeme eröffnen eine Reihe neuer Anwendungsfelder in der Entwicklungsbiologie als auch der Krebserforschung, Medikamentenentwicklung und Therapieüberwachung.

Traditional mesoscopic scale imaging methods (Histology, Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy and Optical Projection Tomography) require destructive or chemical clearing procedures of the sample. Optoacoustic imaging provides non-invasive high-resolution mapping of optical absorption up to a few centimeters depth into tissue. In this work, three different volumetric detection geometries using linear array transducers are introduced in order to provide new anatomical, molecular, and functional insights for mesoscopic scale biological samples. The systems open up a broad range of new applications in the context of pre-clinical imaging of developmental biology as well as cancer imaging, drug delivery and treatment monitoring., Bestehende mesoskopische Bildgebungsmethoden (Histologie, Lichtblattmikroskopie und optische Projektionstomographie) kommen nicht ohne physische Zerstörung oder chemische Vorbehandlung der Probe aus. Die optoakustische Bildgebung kann optische Absorption Zentimeter tief im Gewebe darstellen. In dieser Arbeit werden drei volumetrische Detektionsgeometrien basierend auf handelsüblichen Ultraschalldetektoren vorgestellt, um neue anatomische, molekulare und funktionale Erkenntnisse über mesoskopische Proben zu gewinnen. Die Systeme eröffnen eine Reihe neuer Anwendungsfelder in der Entwicklungsbiologie als auch der Krebserforschung, Medikamentenentwicklung und Therapieüberwachung.