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We evaluated the presence of influenza A(H5) virus environmental contamination in live bird markets (LBMs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. By using Bernoulli generalized linear models and multinomial logistic regression models, we quantified LBM-level factors associated with market work zone-specific influenza A(H5) virus contamination patterns. Results showed higher environmental contamination in LBMs that have wholesale and retail operations compared with retail-only markets (relative risk 0.69, 95% 0.51-0.93; p = 0.012) and in March compared with January (relative risk 2.07, 95% CI 1.44-2.96; p<0.001). Influenza A(H5) environmental contamination remains a public health problem in most LBMs in Dhaka, which underscores the need to implement enhanced biosecurity interventions in LBMs in Bangladesh.

This chapter applies multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) within a GIS to the problem of land suitability assessment in Dhaka. A total of eight factors extracted from a spatial database were used as predictors with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) followed by weighted linear combination (WLC) being used to identify areas appropriate for future urban development. The results revealed that approximately 21 % of land of the study area is highly suitable for urban development, whereas 29 % of land is moderately suitable. About 26 % of land, comprised of existing urban areas and waterbodies, is shown to be either unsuitable or of very low suitability for urban development although some redevelopment or vertical expansion may be possible. The analysis shows that GIS-based urban development suitability has major implications for a rapidly growing city such as Dhaka which can help urban planners and decision-makers to make better land-use planning decisions.

Bangladesh is a developing country in South Asia with 144,000 square kilometre area and having population about 130 million. It has more than 20,000 km major road networks and road transport is the prime mode of transport, which carries about 70% of the country's total passenger and freight traffic. It plays an important role to country's economy, so it is essential to develop the network and ensure safety to all road users. A Transport Research Laboratory (TRL, UK) study in Bangladesh, 2001-02 concluded that ""The overall national cost estimated for road accidents in Bangladesh is Taka 39 billion (US{dollar} 0.6 billion), which is about 1.5 % of GDP and approximately 3 times of the annual expenditure of Road and Highways Department (RHD), main road administering organization)."" Bangladesh is loosing about Taka 39 billion per year. So, how much Bangladesh is spending per year for road safety works on roads?Mega city Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh having population of more than 10 million and area about 1500 square kilometre (2001). The Road network of Dhaka city with three main corridors, about 500 km primary, secondary and feeder roads and others are narrow roads. The importance of Dhaka increased exponentially after 1971, when it became the capital of independent Bangladesh. As a result the city expanded phenomenally, resulting increasing number of road accidents.The current Road Safety situation in Bangladesh is crucial. For analysing this, one of the most vulnerable corridor, the Airport Road and the main geometric characteristics, land use pattern, road safety features and accident data were evaluated. Since there is no detailed accident data available at present, accident data was collected and evaluated, then vulnerable study areas were selected according to accident densities for further analysis. However, road safety institutions were visited to know about their role, and responsibilities, strengths, weaknesses, etc. At National level; National Road Safety C

Bangladesh is a developing country in South Asia with 144,000 square kilometre area and having population about 130 million. It has more than 20,000 km major road networks and road transport is the prime mode of transport, which carries about 70% of the country's total passenger and freight traffic. It plays an important role to country's economy, so it is essential to develop the network and ensure safety to all road users. A Transport Research Laboratory (TRL, UK) study in Bangladesh, 2001-02 concluded that ""The overall national cost estimated for road accidents in Bangladesh is Taka 39 billion (US{dollar} 0.6 billion), which is about 1.5 % of GDP and approximately 3 times of the annual expenditure of Road and Highways Department (RHD), main road administering organization)."" Bangladesh is loosing about Taka 39 billion per year. So, how much Bangladesh is spending per year for road safety works on roads?Mega city Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh having population of more than 10 million and area about 1500 square kilometre (2001). The Road network of Dhaka city with three main corridors, about 500 km primary, secondary and feeder roads and others are narrow roads. The importance of Dhaka increased exponentially after 1971, when it became the capital of independent Bangladesh. As a result the city expanded phenomenally, resulting increasing number of road accidents.The current Road Safety situation in Bangladesh is crucial. For analysing this, one of the most vulnerable corridor, the Airport Road and the main geometric characteristics, land use pattern, road safety features and accident data were evaluated. Since there is no detailed accident data available at present, accident data was collected and evaluated, then vulnerable study areas were selected according to accident densities for further analysis. However, road safety institutions were visited to know about their role, and responsibilities, strengths, weaknesses, etc. At National level; National Road Safety C