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Ming-Jing Wang,1,2,* Ying Song,1,2,* Xiao-Qing Guo,1,* Diu Wei,1,2 Xin-Tian Cao,1,3 Yan Sun,1,3 Yong-Gang Xu,1 Xiao-Mei Hu1 1Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China; 3Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao-Mei Hu; Yong-Gang Xu, Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuancaochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010-6283-5361, Email huxiaomei_2@163.com; xyg312@163.comPurpose: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune disease with a diagnosis of exclusion, since no validated biomarkers have been identified. In this study, we explored biomarkers associated with the development of ITP from an immune perspective to inform the clinical diagnosis.Patients and Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and ITP samples were analyzed using limma package. Random forest algorithm and LASSO regression were further used to screen for DEGs associated with ITP. The expression of these hub genes was validated by PCR. The relationship between DEGs and immunity was explored by enrichment analysis. Immune cell infiltration in ITP was analyzed by CIBERSORT and ssGSEA, and the relationship between DEGs and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Finally, a diagnostic model related to DEGs was constructed by the neural network, and its efficiency was detected by the ROC curve.Results: After screening the GEO database and validation by PCR analysis, The expression of CTH and TAF8 were higher and while OSBP2 expression was lower in ITP patients compared to normal subjects