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In this article, we examine the practice of learning to produce video using a new visual technology. Drawing upon a design intervention at a science centre, where a group of teenagers tried a new prototype technology for live mobile video editing, we show how the participants struggle with both the content and the form of producing videos, i.e. what to display and how to do it in a comprehensible manner. We investigate the ways in which video literacy practices are negotiated as ongoing accomplishments, and explore the communicative and material resources relied upon by participants as they create videos. Our results show that the technology is instrumental in this achievement and that as participants begin to master the prototype, they start to focus more on the narrative aspects of communicating the storyline of a science centre exhibit. The participants are explicitly concerned with such issues as how to create a comprehensible storyline for an assumed audience, what camera angles to use, how to cut and other aspects of the production of a video. We consider these observed activities to be candidate steps in an emerging mobile video literacy trajectory that involves developing a capacity to document and argue by means of this specific medium.

How should militaries think about social media as a factor in military operations? In this thesis, the author examines recent Arab Spring scholarship, with a particular focus on the significant impact of social media on events in Egypt in early 2011. Existing literature in this area centers on the ability of various social media platforms to unite and inspire population masses, yet it does not address the important effect of social media on military forces' response to the revolution. This gap is exemplified by the general reluctance of military practitioners to engage scholars with actual evidence from real-world events during times of conflict. In response to these challenges, the author offers the unique oral history of an Egyptian company commander who led soldiers in Cairo's Tahrir Square throughout several months of intensive security operations during the Arab Spring. Through this descriptive study, the author finds that the prevalence of social media considerably affected the Egyptian Army's response to the massive popular uprising. To evaluate these findings, he proposes a social media update to Gene Sharp's mechanisms of nonviolent change, analyzing the Egyptian Army's counterintuitive approach to the events of 2011 in light of an updated Sharp framework. He concludes that the Egyptian Army's experiences provide a tremendously useful example of how militaries may think about social media as a factor in military operations. Finally, he argues that a written account of the Egyptian Army's response to social media is exactly the type of policy-relevant scholarship military practitioners must be willing to produce to inform U.S. policy in a truly meaningful way.

Background/objectivesThe accuracy of dietary recalls might be enhanced by providing participants with photo images of foods they consumed during the test period.Subjects/methodsWe examined the feasibility of a system (Image-Diet Day) that is a user-initiated camera-equipped mobile phone that is programmed to automatically capture and transmit images to a secure website in conjunction with computer-assisted, multipass, 24-h dietary recalls in 14 participants during 2007. Participants used the device during eating periods on each of the three independent days. Image processing filters successfully eliminated underexposed, overexposed and blurry images. The captured images were accessed by the participants using the ImageViewer software while completing the 24-h dietary recall on the following day.ResultsNone of the participants reported difficulty using the ImageViewer. Images were deemed 'helpful' or 'sort of helpful' by 93% of participants. A majority (79%) of users reported having no technical problems, but 71% rated the burden of wearing the device as somewhat to very difficult, owing to issues such as limited battery life, self-consciousness about wearing the device in public and concerns about the field of view of the camera.ConclusionOverall, these findings suggest that automated imaging is a promising technology to facilitate dietary recall. The challenge of managing the thousands of images generated can be met. Smaller devices with a broader field of view may aid in overcoming self-consciousness of the user with using or wearing the device.

Background/objectivesThe accuracy of dietary recalls might be enhanced by providing participants with photo images of foods they consumed during the test period.Subjects/methodsWe examined the feasibility of a system (Image-Diet Day) that is a user-initiated camera-equipped mobile phone that is programmed to automatically capture and transmit images to a secure website in conjunction with computer-assisted, multipass, 24-h dietary recalls in 14 participants during 2007. Participants used the device during eating periods on each of the three independent days. Image processing filters successfully eliminated underexposed, overexposed and blurry images. The captured images were accessed by the participants using the ImageViewer software while completing the 24-h dietary recall on the following day.ResultsNone of the participants reported difficulty using the ImageViewer. Images were deemed 'helpful' or 'sort of helpful' by 93% of participants. A majority (79%) of users reported having no technical problems, but 71% rated the burden of wearing the device as somewhat to very difficult, owing to issues such as limited battery life, self-consciousness about wearing the device in public and concerns about the field of view of the camera.ConclusionOverall, these findings suggest that automated imaging is a promising technology to facilitate dietary recall. The challenge of managing the thousands of images generated can be met. Smaller devices with a broader field of view may aid in overcoming self-consciousness of the user with using or wearing the device.

Two dimensional (2D) barcodes are becoming a pervasive interface for mobile devices, such as camera phones. Often, only monochrome 2D-barcodes are used due to their robustness in an uncontrolled operating environment of camera phones. Most camera phones capture and store such 2D-barcode images in the baseline JPEG format. As a lossy compression technique, JPEG does introduce a fair amount of error in the decoding of captured 2D-barcode images. In this paper, we introduce an improved JPEG compression scheme for such barcode images. By altering the JPEG compression parameters based on the DCT coefficient distribution of such barcode images, the improved compression scheme produces JPEG images with higher PSNR value as compared to the baseline implementation. We have also applied our improved scheme to a real 2D-barcode system - the QR Code and analyzed its performance against the baseline JPEG scheme.

Two dimensional (2D) barcodes are becoming a pervasive interface for mobile devices, such as camera phones. Often, only monochrome 2D-barcodes are used due to their robustness in an uncontrolled operating environment of camera phones. Most camera phones capture and store such 2D-barcode images in the baseline JPEG format. As a lossy compression technique, JPEG does introduce a fair amount of error in the decoding of captured 2D-barcode images. In this paper, we introduce an improved JPEG compression scheme for such barcode images. By altering the JPEG compression parameters based on the DCT coefficient distribution of such barcode images, the improved compression scheme produces JPEG images with higher PSNR value as compared to the baseline implementation. We have also applied our improved scheme to a real 2D-barcode system - the QR Code and analyzed its performance against the baseline JPEG scheme.

本稿では、近年、広島県の電機機械産業の出荷額が大幅に増加した要因と今後の課題について、工業統計調査や有価証券報告書などを用いて分析した。 広島県の電機機械産業の出荷額は、2004年に1兆1344億円となり、1兆円の大台を突破した。バブル期の1990年と比べ、約2.5倍の水準である。その背景には、2002年以降、シャープ通信システム事業本部で生産しているカメラ付き携帯電話の販売額が増加していることがある。シャープの3工場だけで、2004年の出荷額は7000億円弱あると思われる。実に、広島県の電気機械産業の出荷額の6割強を占める。 しかし、2005年以降もシャープの3工場の出荷額が7000億円前後で推移するかは不透明である。したがって、広島県の電気機械産業が成長し続けていくためには、現在立地している企業の工場が地域に留まるよう全面的に支援していくいわゆる"留地"活動と、自動車電装品の工場を建設しようとしている企業に広島県をアピールする誘致活動という2つの活動を進めていく必要がある。, This paper reviews factors affecting the growth of electronic industry in Hiroshima prefecture and problems in future by using mainly the Census of Manufactures and financial reports. According to the Census of Manufactures in 2004, the value of manufactured goods shipments (hereinafter referred to as the "shipment value") of Electronic Industry mounted up to 1134.4 billion yen in Hiroshima Prefecture. The shipment value of Electronic Industry in 2004 was 2.5 times as much as in 1990. That's because sales of camera phones made by the Sharp's plant in Higashihiroshima city had been increasing since 2002. It's likely that the shipment value of three production bases of Sharp in Hiroshima prefecture became about 700 billion yen in 2004. It accounts for more than 60 percent of the shipment value of Electronic Industry. However, it is uncertain whether three production bases of Sharp have maintained this level after 2005. Therefore, we should keep located plants so that the shipment value of Electronic Industry can keep increasing in Hiroshima Prefecture. In addition, we should positively attract new plants supplying car electronic equipment.

This article deals with embodied user interfaces for handheld augmented reality games, which consist of both physical and virtual components. We have developed a number of spatial interaction techniques that optically capture the device's movement and orientation relative to a visual marker. Such physical interactions in 3-D space enable manipulative control of mobile games. In addition to acting as a physical controller that recognizes multiple game-dependent gestures, the mobile device augments the camera view with graphical overlays. We describe three game prototypes that use ubiquitous product packaging and other passive media as backgrounds for handheld augmentation. The prototypes can be realized on widely available off-the-shelf hardware and require only minimal setup and infrastructure support.

This article deals with embodied user interfaces for handheld augmented reality games, which consist of both physical and virtual components. We have developed a number of spatial interaction techniques that optically capture the device's movement and orientation relative to a visual marker. Such physical interactions in 3-D space enable manipulative control of mobile games. In addition to acting as a physical controller that recognizes multiple game-dependent gestures, the mobile device augments the camera view with graphical overlays. We describe three game prototypes that use ubiquitous product packaging and other passive media as backgrounds for handheld augmentation. The prototypes can be realized on widely available off-the-shelf hardware and require only minimal setup and infrastructure support.

This article deals with embodied user interfaces for handheld augmented reality games, which consist of both physical and virtual components. We have developed a number of spatial interaction techniques that optically capture the device's movement and orientation relative to a visual marker. Such physical interactions in 3-D space enable manipulative control of mobile games. In addition to acting as a physical controller that recognizes multiple game-dependent gestures, the mobile device augments the camera view with graphical overlays. We describe three game prototypes that use ubiquitous product packaging and other passive media as backgrounds for handheld augmentation. The prototypes can be realized on widely available off-the-shelf hardware and require only minimal setup and infrastructure support.

Today it is difficult to conveniently provide strong authentication between devices that share no prior context, without the assistance of a trusted authority. We present, analyze, and propose applications for Seeing-Is-Believing, a system that utilizes machine vision on camera-phones to achieve security properties formerly unattainable in a non-intrusive way., The original document contains color images.