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1. Efficient synthesis of fully renewable, furfural-derived building blocks via formal Diels–Alder cycloaddition of atypical addends

Author

Cioc, Răzvan c., Harsevoort, Eva, Lutz, Martin, Bruijnincx, Pieter c. a., Cioc, Răzvan c., Harsevoort, Eva, Lutz, Martin, and Bruijnincx, Pieter c. a.

Abstract

Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of furanics is emerging as a key transformation in circular chemistry, providing access to highly versatile, biobased platform molecules. Further development of this technology into viable industrial applications faces major challenges, a notorious one being the lack of reactivity of the most readily available furans, i.e. the furfural derivatives. Herein we describe the remarkably-facile intramolecular DA reaction of allyl acetals of different furfurals to efficiently afford formal DA adducts with the atypical, unreactive dienophile allyl alcohol. Our methodology gives access to unprecedented oxanorbornene derivatives in high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity, which can be readily diversified into valuable products. This offers the potential of scalable production of renewable chemical building blocks from cheap, bioderived platform molecules.

Published
2023

2. Efficient synthesis of fully renewable, furfural-derived building blocks via formal Diels–Alder cycloaddition of atypical addends

Author

Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Structural Biochemistry, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Structural Biochemistry, Cioc, Răzvan c., Harsevoort, Eva, Lutz, Martin, Bruijnincx, Pieter c. a., Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Structural Biochemistry, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Structural Biochemistry, Cioc, Răzvan c., Harsevoort, Eva, Lutz, Martin, and Bruijnincx, Pieter c. a.

Published
2023

3. Cover Picture: Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase (Chemistry ‐ Methods 11/2021)

Author

Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

The Front Cover shows an attenuated Total Reflection Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) probe monitoring a chemical reaction in the liquid phase, particularly water, at demanding conditions. The light penetrates few microns deep in proximity of the ATR-IR probe and thus any IR-active entity in that range is probed. This research systematically addresses the challenges associated with acquiring operando ATR-IR spectra for liquid/aqueous phase reactions, which is essential for better understanding of chemical reactions in the liquid phase. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Khaled N. M. Khalili et al.

Published
2021

4. Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase

Author

Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Bert M. Weckhuysen at the Utrecht University (The Netherlands). The cover picture shows an attenuated Total Reflection Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) probe monitoring a chemical reaction in the liquid phase, particularly water, at demanding conditions. The light penetrates few microns deep in proximity of the ATR-IR probe and thus any IR-active entity in that range is probed. This research systematically addresses the challenges associated with acquiring operando ATR-IR spectra for liquid/aqueous phase reactions, which is essential for better understanding of chemical reactions in the liquid phase. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/cmtd.202100041.

Published
2021

5. Direct Diels–Alder reactions of furfural derivatives with maleimides

Author

Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Abstract

The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction of furans is a versatile tool in synthetic organic chemistry and in the production of sustainable building blocks and smart materials. Numerous experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that the diene scope is effectively limited to electron-rich furans, which excludes the most abundant and readily accessible renewable derivatives: furfural and its 5-hydroxymethyl homologue. Herein we show for the first time that electron-poor 2-formylfurans can also directly engage in Diels–Alder couplings. The key to success is the use of aqueous medium, which supplies an additional thermodynamic driving force by coupling the unfavorable DA equilibrium to the exergonic hydration of the carbonyl functionality in the adducts to form geminal diols. This finding enables the direct access to various novel DA adducts derived from renewable furfurals and maleimides, via a mild, simple and environmentally-friendly synthetic protocol.

Published
2021

6. Direct Diels–Alder reactions of furfural derivatives with maleimides

Author

Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2021

8. Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2021

9. Direct Diels–Alder reactions of furfural derivatives with maleimides

Author

Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2021

10. Cover Picture: Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase (Chemistry ‐ Methods 11/2021)

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2021

11. Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2021

12. Cover Picture: Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase (Chemistry ‐ Methods 11/2021)

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2021

13. Monitoring Aqueous Phase Reactions by Operando ATR‐IR Spectroscopy at High Temperature and Pressure: A Biomass Conversion Showcase

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Khalili, Khaled N. M., Peinder, Peter, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2021

14. Direct Diels–Alder reactions of furfural derivatives with maleimides

Author

Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Cioc, Răzvan C., Lutz, Martin, Pidko, Evgeny A., Crockatt, Marc, Van Der Waal, Jan C., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2021

16. Dynamic Trapping as a Selective Route to Renewable Phthalide from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Alcohol

Author

Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Abstract

A novel route for the production of the versatile chemical building block phthalide from biorenewable furfuryl alcohol and acrylate esters is presented. Two challenges that limit sustainable aromatics production via Diels–Alder (DA) aromatisation—an unfavourable equilibrium position and undesired regioselectivity when using asymmetric addends—were addressed using a dynamic kinetic trapping strategy. Activated acrylates were used to speed up the forward and reverse DA reactions, allowing for one of the four DA adducts to undergo a selective intramolecular lactonisation reaction in the presence of a weak base. The adduct is removed from the equilibrium pool, pulling the system completely to the product with a fixed, desired regiochemistry. A single 1,2‐regioisomeric lactone product was formed in up to 86 % yield and the acrylate activating agent liberated for reuse. The lactone was aromatised to give phthalide in almost quantitative yield in the presence of Ac2O and a catalytic amount of strong acid, or in 79 % using only catalytic acid.

Published
2020

17. Dynamic Trapping as a Selective Route to Renewable Phthalide from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Alcohol

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2020

18. Dynamic Trapping as a Selective Route to Renewable Phthalide from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Alcohol

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2020

19. Dynamic Trapping as a Selective Route to Renewable Phthalide from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Alcohol

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Lancefield, Christopher S., Fölker, Bart, Cioc, Razvan C., Stanciakova, Katarina, Bulo, Rosa E., Lutz, Martin, Crockatt, Marc, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2020

20. Scaling-Up of Bio-Oil Upgrading during Biomass Pyrolysis over ZrO2 /ZSM-5-Attapulgite

Author

Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, Serrano, David P, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, and Serrano, David P

Abstract

Ex situ catalytic biomass pyrolysis was investigated at both laboratory and bench scale by using a zeolite ZSM-5-based catalyst for selectively upgrading the bio-oil vapors. The catalyst consisted of nanocrystalline ZSM-5, modified by incorporation of ZrO2 and agglomerated with attapulgite (ZrO2 /n-ZSM-5-ATP). Characterization of this material by means of different techniques, including CO2 and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis microspectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, showed that it possessed the right combination of accessibility and acid-base properties for promoting the conversion of the bulky molecules formed by lignocellulose pyrolysis and their subsequent deoxygenation to upgraded liquid organic fractions (bio-oil). The results obtained at the laboratory scale by varying the catalyst-to-biomass ratio (C/B) indicated that the ZrO2 /n-ZSM-5-ATP catalyst was more efficient for bio-oil deoxygenation than the parent zeolite n-ZSM-5, producing upgraded bio-oils with better combinations of mass and energy yields with respect to the oxygen content. The excellent performance of the ZrO2 /n-ZSM-5-ATP system was confirmed by working with a continuous bench-scale plant. The scale-up of the process, even with different raw biomasses as the feedstock, reaction conditions, and operation modes, was in line with the laboratory-scale results, leading to deoxygenation degrees of approximately 60 % with energy yields of approximately 70 % with respect to those of the thermal bio-oil.

Published
2019

21. Tandem Catalysis with Antagonistic Catalysts Compartmentalized in the Dispersed and Continuous Phases of a Pickering Emulsion

Author

Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C A

Abstract

Tandem catalysis combines multiple conversion steps, catalysts, and reagents in one reaction medium, offering the potential to reduce waste and time. In this study, Pickering emulsions-emulsions stabilized by solid particles-are used as easy-to-prepare and bioinspired, compartmentalized reaction media for tandem catalysis. Making use of simple and inexpensive acid and base catalysts, the strategy of compartmentalization of two noncompatible catalysts in both phases of the emulsion is demonstrated by using the deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal as a probe reaction. In contrast to simple biphasic systems, which do not allow for tandem catalysis and show instantaneous quenching of the acid and base catalysts, the Pickering emulsions show efficient antagonistic tandem catalysis and give the desired product in high yield, as a result of an increased interfacial area and suppressed mutual destruction of the acid and base catalysts.

Published
2019

22. Scaling-Up of Bio-Oil Upgrading during Biomass Pyrolysis over ZrO2 /ZSM-5-Attapulgite

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, Serrano, David P, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, and Serrano, David P

Published
2019

23. Tandem Catalysis with Antagonistic Catalysts Compartmentalized in the Dispersed and Continuous Phases of a Pickering Emulsion

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C A

Published
2019

24. Scaling-Up of Bio-Oil Upgrading during Biomass Pyrolysis over ZrO2 /ZSM-5-Attapulgite

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, Serrano, David P, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, and Serrano, David P

Published
2019

25. Tandem Catalysis with Antagonistic Catalysts Compartmentalized in the Dispersed and Continuous Phases of a Pickering Emulsion

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C A

Published
2019

26. Scaling-Up of Bio-Oil Upgrading during Biomass Pyrolysis over ZrO2 /ZSM-5-Attapulgite

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, Serrano, David P, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernando, Héctor, Hernández-Giménez, Ana M, Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Fakin, Tomaz, Horvat, Andrej, Danisi, Rosa M, Pizarro, Patricia, Fermoso, Javier, Heracleous, Eleni, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Lappas, Angelos A, Weckhuysen, Bert M, and Serrano, David P

Published
2019

27. Tandem Catalysis with Antagonistic Catalysts Compartmentalized in the Dispersed and Continuous Phases of a Pickering Emulsion

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C A, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vis, Carolien M, Smulders, Luc C J, and Bruijnincx, Pieter C A

Published
2019

28. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Abstract

White‐rot fungi, such as Dichomitus squalens, degrade all wood components and inhabit mixed‐wood forests containing both soft‐ and hardwood species. In this study, we evaluated how D. squalens responded to the compositional differences in softwood [guaiacyl (G) lignin and higher mannan content] and hardwood [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin and higher xylan content] using semi‐natural solid cultures. Spruce (softwood) and birch (hardwood) sticks were degraded by D. squalens as measured by oxidation of the lignins using 2D‐NMR. The fungal response as measured by transcriptomics, proteomics and enzyme activities showed a partial tailoring to wood composition. Mannanolytic transcripts and proteins were more abundant in spruce cultures, while a proportionally higher xylanolytic activity was detected in birch cultures. Both wood types induced manganese peroxidases to a much higher level than laccases, but higher transcript and protein levels of the manganese peroxidases were observed on the G‐lignin rich spruce. Overall, the molecular responses demonstrated a stronger adaptation to the spruce rather than birch composition, possibly because D. squalens is mainly found degrading softwoods in nature, which supports the ability of the solid wood cultures to reflect the natural environment.

Published
2018

29. Integrated Transmission Electron and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Correlates Reactivity with Ultrastructure in a Single Catalyst Particle

Author

Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

Establishing structure–activity relationships in complex, hierarchically structured nanomaterials, such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, requires characterization with complementary, correlated analysis techniques. An integrated setup has been developed to perform transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF) microscopy on such nanostructured samples. Correlated structure–reactivity information was obtained for 100 nm thin, microtomed sections of a single FCC catalyst particle using this novel SMF-TEM high-resolution combination. High reactivity in a thiophene oligomerization probe reaction correlated well with TEM-derived zeolite locations, while matrix components, such as clay and amorphous binder material, were found not to display activity. Differences in fluorescence intensity were also observed within and between distinct zeolite aggregate domains, indicating that not all zeolite domains are equally active.

Published
2018

30. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Published
2018

31. Integrated Transmission Electron and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Correlates Reactivity with Ultrastructure in a Single Catalyst Particle

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2018

32. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Published
2018

33. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Published
2018

34. Integrated Transmission Electron and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Correlates Reactivity with Ultrastructure in a Single Catalyst Particle

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2018

35. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Published
2018

36. Integrated Transmission Electron and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Correlates Reactivity with Ultrastructure in a Single Catalyst Particle

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Molecular Biophysics, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Mohammadian, Sajjad, Ristanovic, Zoran, Kalirai, Samanbir, Meirer, Florian, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Gerritsen, Hans, and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2018

37. Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Author

Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., de Vries, Ronald P., Daly, Paul, Lopez, Sara Casado, Peng, Mao, Lancefield, Christopher S., Purvine, Samuel O., Kim, Young-Mo, Zink, Erika M., Dohnalkova, Alice, Singan, Vasanth R., Lipzen, Anna, Dilworth, David, Wang, Mei, Ng, Vivian, Robinson, Errol, Orr, Galya, Baker, Scott E., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Hilden, Kristiina S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Maekelae, Miia R., and de Vries, Ronald P.

Published
2018

38. Quantification and Classification of Carbonyls in Industrial Humins and Lignins by 19 F NMR

Author

Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Abstract

Lignin and humins are both (by-)products of biorefining processes aimed at the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. In order to improve the efficiency of such biorefineries and to develop new valorization pathways for these polymeric materials, detailed insight into their complex chemical structure and functional group distribution is required. Here, we report on the quantification and classification of the ketone and aldehyde carbonyl functional groups contained in these two polymers by 19F NMR. The known method of carbonyl derivatization with 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylhydrazine to the corresponding hydrazone has been improved and simplified, allowing derivatization directly in an NMR tube, requiring no additional workup before quantification by 19F NMR. Furthermore, the scope of the method was assessed and expanded, with model compound studies, which included monomeric and dimeric compounds as well as synthetic polymers, showing that the carbonyl functions can indeed be reproducibly quantified. Using this model compound library, the carbonyl functional groups in two technical lignins (Indulin Kraft and Alcell) and, for the first time, an industrial humin could be quantified and classified. The industrial humin was found to contain 6.6 wt % of carbonyl functions, with aliphatic and conjugated carbonyls being detected. The relatively high abundance of such functional groups, which are amenable to further chemical modification, provides opportunities for the use of these humin byproducts in various applications, e.g., as materials after derivatization.

Published
2017

39. Operando Spectroscopy of the Gas-Phase Aldol Condensation of Propanal over Solid Base Catalysts

Author

Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

The gas-phase aldol condensation of propanal, taken as model for the aldehyde components in bio-oils, has been studied with a combined operando set-up allowing to perform FT-IR & UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) with on-line mass spectrometry (MS). The selected solid base catalysts, a cesium-exchanged X zeolite (Cs-X), a calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HA) and two alkaline metal-grafted ultrastable Y (Na- and Rb-USY) zeolites, were characterized ex-situ by FT-IR after CO (CO-IR) and pyridine (Py-IR) adsorption and subsequent desorption. The combined operando spectroscopy study shows that alkaline metal-grafted USY zeolites are the most selective catalysts towards aldol dimer product formation, while the hydroxyapatite was more selective for successive aldol condensation reactions. For Na-USY and Rb-USY, the C–C coupling seems to be the rate-determining step during the surface reaction, which is the limiting stage of the overall catalytic process. In contrast, for the two more basic catalysts, i.e., Cs-X and Ca-HA desorption is limiting the overall catalytic process. Furthermore, the combined operando FT-IR & UV–Vis DRS methodology allowed monitoring the formation of carbonaceous deposits as a function of reaction time. In particular, for Cs-X and Ca-HA the rapid formation of carbonaceous deposits was observed consisting of (poly-)aromatics and highly conjugated structures, respectively. The physicochemical properties of Ca-HA with strong basic sites and moderate acidity limit its deactivation despite the observed coke formation. On the other hand, both USY catalysts were more efficient in suppressing coke formation likely due to the moderate strength of their active sites.

Published
2017

40. Probing Zeolite Crystal Architecture and Structural Imperfections using Differently Sized Fluorescent Organic Probe Molecules

Author

Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

A micro-spectroscopic method has been developed to probe the accessibility of zeolite crystals using a series of fluorescent 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide (DAMPI) probes of increasing molecular size. Staining large zeolite crystals with MFI (ZSM-5) topology and subsequent mapping of the resulting fluorescence using confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal differences in structural integrity: the 90° intergrowth sections of MFI crystals are prone to develop structural imperfections, which act as entrance routes for the probes into the zeolite crystal. Polarization-dependent measurements provide evidence for the probe molecule's alignment within the MFI zeolite pore system. The developed method was extended to BEA (Beta) crystals, showing that the previously observed hourglass pattern is a general feature of BEA crystals with this morphology. Furthermore, the probes can accurately identify at which crystal faces of BEA straight or sinusoidal pores open to the surface. The results show this method can spatially resolve the architecture-dependent internal pore structure of microporous materials, which is difficult to assess using other characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction.

Published
2017

41. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Local Diffusion Coefficients in the Pore Network of an Individual Catalyst Particle

Author

Hendriks, Frank, Meirer, Florian, Kubarev, Alexey V., Ristanovic, Zoran, Roeffaers, Maarten B J, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Hendriks, Frank, Meirer, Florian, Kubarev, Alexey V., Ristanovic, Zoran, Roeffaers, Maarten B J, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Abstract

We used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study self-diffusion of a feedstock-like probe molecule with nanometer accuracy in the macropores of a micrometer-sized, real-life fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle. Movies of single fluorescent molecules allowed their movement through the pore network to be reconstructed. The observed tracks were classified into three different states by machine learning and all found to be distributed homogeneously over the particle. Most probe molecules (88%) were immobile, with the molecule most likely being physisorbed or trapped; the remainder was either mobile (8%), with the molecule moving inside the macropores, or showed hybrid behavior (4%). Mobile tracks had an average diffusion coefficient of D = 8 × 10–14 ± 1 × 10–13 m2 s–1, with the standard deviation thought to be related to the large range of pore sizes found in FCC particles. The developed methodology can be used to evaluate, quantify and map heterogeneities in diffusional properties within complex hierarchically porous materials.

Published
2017

43. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Local Diffusion Coefficients in the Pore Network of an Individual Catalyst Particle

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank, Meirer, Florian, Kubarev, Alexey V., Ristanovic, Zoran, Roeffaers, Maarten B J, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank, Meirer, Florian, Kubarev, Alexey V., Ristanovic, Zoran, Roeffaers, Maarten B J, Vogt, Eelco T. C., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2017

44. Electronic and bite angle effects in catalytic C–O bond cleavage of a lignin model compound using ruthenium Xantphos complexes

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Shaw, Luke, Somisara, D. M. Upulani K., How, Rebecca C., Westwood, Nicholas J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Kamer, Paul C J, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Shaw, Luke, Somisara, D. M. Upulani K., How, Rebecca C., Westwood, Nicholas J, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., and Kamer, Paul C J

Published
2017

45. Quantification and Classification of Carbonyls in Industrial Humins and Lignins by 19 F NMR

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2017

46. Probing Zeolite Crystal Architecture and Structural Imperfections using Differently Sized Fluorescent Organic Probe Molecules

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2017

47. Operando Spectroscopy of the Gas-Phase Aldol Condensation of Propanal over Solid Base Catalysts

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2017

48. Quantification and Classification of Carbonyls in Industrial Humins and Lignins by 19 F NMR

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Constant, Sandra, Lancefield, Christopher S., Weckhuysen, Bert M., and Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.

Published
2017

49. Probing Zeolite Crystal Architecture and Structural Imperfections using Differently Sized Fluorescent Organic Probe Molecules

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hendriks, Frank C., Schmidt, Joel E., Rombouts, Jeroen A, Lammertsma, Koop, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2017

50. Operando Spectroscopy of the Gas-Phase Aldol Condensation of Propanal over Solid Base Catalysts

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Hernández-giménez, Ana M., Ruiz-martínez, Javier, Puértolas, Begoña, Pérez-ramírez, Javier, Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2017

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