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Qualitative comparative analysis allows for the breadth of analysis associated with quantitative data and the depth of case knowledge provided by qualitative analysis. In particular, fuzzy-set qualitative analysis (fsQCA) provides a nuanced analysis of data and offers actionable insights. Despite this, fsQCA has been underutilized in the social sciences. This chapter explores the application of fsQCA in the social sciences. The authors advance an argument for its wider adoption due to fsQCA's ability to disentangle the causal complexity involved in person- and policy-based contexts by applying a set-theoretic understanding of causation. The chapter provides an introduction to fsQCA for readers unfamiliar with the approach and advocates for its suitability within a broad range of social science studies.

Type-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs) can deal with higher modeling and uncertainties which exist in the real-world application, specifically in the control systems. Particularly the climate changes are always uncertain and thus, the type-2 fuzzy controller is an effective system to handle those situations. Polyhouse is a methodology used to cultivate the plants. It breaks the seasonal hurdle of the formulation and it is also suitable for the conflictive climate conditions. Controlling and directing internal parameters of the polyhouse play an essential role in the growth of the plant. Among those, humidity is an important element when one deals with the growth of the plant in polyhouse. It affects the weather, as well as the global change of the climate and hence, the inner climate of the polyhouse will be disturbed. In this paper, operational laws for triangular interval type-2 fuzzy numbers and derived triangular interval type-2 weighted geometric (TIT2WG) operator with their desired mathematical properties using Dombi triangular norms. Also, humidity control is analyzed using interval type-2 fuzzy controller (IT2FC) with the use of derived aggregation operator which is the aim of the paper. Further stability of the system has been analyzed by applying four different defuzzification methods and the method is recommended which gives a better response.

Decision-making is an essential task in Science and Engineering. Since most of the real-world problems have uncertainty in nature, making the decision is challengeable one for the decision makers. Soft set has the advantage of free from the deficiency of the parameterization tools of existing theories, namely probability, fuzzy theory and the theory of rough sets. Linguistic terms mean different things to different people, so variability in expert’s acceptance degree is possible. Here usage of type-1 fuzzy leads to noisy and uncertain, and the parameters also may be noisy and hence type-2 fuzzy sets may be used to address the mentioned issues. Therefore, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft set has been considered in the present work by combining triangular interval type-2 fuzzy set and soft set. In this paper, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft weighted arithmetic operator (TIT2FSWA) has been proposed with its desired mathematical properties; also applied the proposed methodology in a decision-making problem for profit analysis. Further comparative analysis has been made with the existing methods to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Controlling traffic flow on roads is an important traffic management task necessary to ensure a peaceful and safe environment for people. The number of cars on roads at any given time is always unknown. Type-2 fuzzy sets and neutrosophic sets play a vital role in dealing efficiently with such uncertainty. In this paper, a triangular interval type-2 Schweizer and Sklar weighted arithmetic (TIT2SSWA) operator and a triangular interval type-2 Schweizer and Sklar weighted geometric (TIT2SSWG) operator based on Schweizer and Sklar triangular norms have been studied, and the validity of these operators has been checked using a numerical example and extended to an interval neutrosophic environment by proposing interval neutrosophic Schweizer and Sklar weighted arithmetic (INSSWA) and interval neutrosophic Schweizer and Sklar weighted geometric (INSSWG) operators. Furthermore, their properties have been examined; some of the more important properties are examined in detail. Moreover, we proposed an improved score function for interval neutrosophic numbers (INNs) to control traffic flow that has been analyzed by identifying the junction that has more vehicles. This improved score function uses score values of triangular interval type-2 fuzzy numbers (TIT2FNs) and interval neutrosophic numbers.

In this paper we present a new concept called generalized neutrosophic soft set. This concept incorporates the beneficial properties of both generalized neutrosophic set introduced by A.A. Salama [7]and soft set techniques proposed by Molodtsov [4]. We also study some properties of this concept. Some definitions and operations have been introduced on generalized neutrosophic soft set. Finally we present an application of generalized neuutrosophic soft set in decision making problem., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures