Author: "Bowden, N." / Database: OAIster - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

1. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., Zamorano, B., Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies)
Published: 2022

2. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., Zamorano, B., Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies)
Published: 2022

3. High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Author: Akindele, O. A., Berryman, J. M., Bowden, N. S., Carr, R., Conant, A. J., Huber, P., Langford, T. J., Link, J. M., Littlejohn, B. R., Fernandez-Moroni, G., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Roca, C., Schoppmann, S., Strigari, L., Xu, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Akindele, O. A., Berryman, J. M., Bowden, N. S., Carr, R., Conant, A. J., Huber, P., Langford, T. J., Link, J. M., Littlejohn, B. R., Fernandez-Moroni, G., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Roca, C., Schoppmann, S., Strigari, L., Xu, J., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modeling. The community's aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities. This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

4. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., Zamorano, B., Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies). Submitted to J. Phys. G as a Major Report
Published: 2022

5. Physics Opportunities with PROSPECT-II

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: The PROSPECT experiment has substantially addressed the original 'Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly' by performing a high-resolution spectrum measurement from an enriched compact reactor core and a reactor model-independent sterile neutrino oscillation search based on the unique spectral distortions the existence of eV$^2$-scale sterile neutrinos would impart. But as the field has evolved, the current short-baseline (SBL) landscape supports many complex phenomenological interpretations, establishing a need for complementary experimental approaches to resolve the situation. While the global suite of SBL reactor experiments, including PROSPECT, have probed much of the sterile neutrino parameter space, there remains a large region above 1 eV$^2$ that remains unaddressed. Recent results from BEST confirm the Gallium Anomaly, increasing its significance to $\sim 5\sigma$, with sterile neutrinos providing a possible explanation of this anomaly. Separately, the MicroBooNE exclusion of electron-like signatures causing the MiniBooNE low-energy excess does not eliminate the possibility of sterile neutrinos as an explanation. Focusing specifically on the future use of reactors as a neutrino source for beyond-the-standard-model physics and applications, higher-precision spectral measurements still have a role to play. These recent results have created a confusing landscape which requires new data to disentangle the seemingly contradictory measurements. To directly probe $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ disappearance from high $\Delta m^2$ sterile neutrinos, the PROSPECT collaboration proposes to build an upgraded and improved detector, PROSPECT-II. It features an evolutionary detector design which can be constructed and deployed within one year and have impactful physics with as little as one calendar year of data., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

6. 'As Long as It's Used for Beneficial Things': An Investigation of non-Maori, Maori and Young People's Perceptions Regarding the Research use of the Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI)

Author: Thabrew, H, Aljawahiri, N, Kumar, H, Bowden, N, Milne, B, Prictor, M, Jordan, V, Breedvelt, J, Shepherd, T, Hetrick, S, Thabrew, H, Aljawahiri, N, Kumar, H, Bowden, N, Milne, B, Prictor, M, Jordan, V, Breedvelt, J, Shepherd, T, and Hetrick, S
Abstract: The Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) is a national database containing a wide range of data about people and households. There is limited information about public views regarding its use for research.A qualitative study was undertaken to examine the views of forty individuals attending a large hospital in Auckland, including those of Māori ethnicity and young people. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis.Seven key themes emerged: 1) Limited knowledge about medical data held in national databases; 2) Conditional support for the use of the IDI, including for research; 3) Concerns regarding the misuse of IDI data; 4) The importance of privacy; 5) Different views regarding consent for use of data for research; 6) Desire for access to personal data and the results of research; and 7) Concerns regarding third party and commercial use. Young people and those of Māori ethnicity were more wary of data misuse than others.Although there is reasonable support for the secondary use of public administrative data in the IDI for research, there is more work to be done to ensure ethical and culturally appropriate use of this data via improved consent privacy management processes and researcher training.
Published: 2022

7. Physics Opportunities with PROSPECT-II

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: The PROSPECT experiment has substantially addressed the original 'Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly' by performing a high-resolution spectrum measurement from an enriched compact reactor core and a reactor model-independent sterile neutrino oscillation search based on the unique spectral distortions the existence of eV$^2$-scale sterile neutrinos would impart. But as the field has evolved, the current short-baseline (SBL) landscape supports many complex phenomenological interpretations, establishing a need for complementary experimental approaches to resolve the situation. While the global suite of SBL reactor experiments, including PROSPECT, have probed much of the sterile neutrino parameter space, there remains a large region above 1 eV$^2$ that remains unaddressed. Recent results from BEST confirm the Gallium Anomaly, increasing its significance to $\sim 5\sigma$, with sterile neutrinos providing a possible explanation of this anomaly. Separately, the MicroBooNE exclusion of electron-like signatures causing the MiniBooNE low-energy excess does not eliminate the possibility of sterile neutrinos as an explanation. Focusing specifically on the future use of reactors as a neutrino source for beyond-the-standard-model physics and applications, higher-precision spectral measurements still have a role to play. These recent results have created a confusing landscape which requires new data to disentangle the seemingly contradictory measurements. To directly probe $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ disappearance from high $\Delta m^2$ sterile neutrinos, the PROSPECT collaboration proposes to build an upgraded and improved detector, PROSPECT-II. It features an evolutionary detector design which can be constructed and deployed within one year and have impactful physics with as little as one calendar year of data., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

8. High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Author: Akindele, O. A., Berryman, J. M., Bowden, N. S., Carr, R., Conant, A. J., Huber, P., Langford, T. J., Link, J. M., Littlejohn, B. R., Fernandez-Moroni, G., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Roca, C., Schoppmann, S., Strigari, L., Xu, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Akindele, O. A., Berryman, J. M., Bowden, N. S., Carr, R., Conant, A. J., Huber, P., Langford, T. J., Link, J. M., Littlejohn, B. R., Fernandez-Moroni, G., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Roca, C., Schoppmann, S., Strigari, L., Xu, J., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modeling. The community's aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities. This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

9. Final Measurement of the U235 Antineutrino Energy Spectrum with the PROSPECT-I Detector at HFIR

Author: Adriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E. P., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., LaBelle, D., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Gallo, J. L. Palomino, Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Adriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E. P., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., LaBelle, D., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Gallo, J. L. Palomino, Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: This Letter reports one of the most precise measurements to date of the antineutrino spectrum from a purely U235-fueled reactor, made with the final dataset from the PROSPECT-I detector at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. By extracting information from previously unused detector segments, this analysis effectively doubles the statistics of the previous PROSPECT measurement. The reconstructed energy spectrum is unfolded into antineutrino energy and compared with both the Huber-Mueller model and a spectrum from a commercial reactor burning multiple fuel isotopes. A local excess over the model is observed in the 5MeV to 7MeV energy region. Comparison of the PROSPECT results with those from commercial reactors provides new constraints on the origin of this excess, disfavoring at 2.2 and 3.2 standard deviations the hypotheses that antineutrinos from U235 are solely responsible and non-contributors to the excess observed at commercial reactors respectively., Comment: The paper has been updated to match publication at PRL
Published: 2022
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10. Calibration strategy of the PROSPECT-II detector with external and intrinsic sources

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E. P., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, E. P., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Gokhale, S., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Roca, C., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Sutanto, F., Tyra, M. A., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: This paper presents an energy calibration scheme for an upgraded reactor antineutrino detector for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). The PROSPECT collaboration is preparing an upgraded detector, PROSPECT-II (P-II), to advance capabilities for the investigation of fundamental neutrino physics, fission processes and associated reactor neutrino flux, and nuclear security applications. P-II will expand the statistical power of the original PROSPECT (P-I) dataset by at least an order of magnitude. The new design builds upon previous P-I design and focuses on improving the detector robustness and long-term stability to enable multi-year operation at one or more sites. The new design optimizes the fiducial volume by elimination of dead space previously occupied by internal calibration channels, which in turn necessitates the external deployment. In this paper, we describe a calibration strategy for P-II. The expected performance of externally deployed calibration sources is evaluated using P-I data and a well-benchmarked simulation package by varying detector segmentation configurations in the analysis. The proposed external calibration scheme delivers a compatible energy scale model and achieves comparable performance with the inclusion of an additional AmBe neutron source, in comparison to the previous internal arrangement. Most importantly, the estimated uncertainty contribution from the external energy scale calibration model meets the precision requirements of the P-II experiment., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2022
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11. Report of the Topical Group on Neutrino Applications for Snowmass 2021

Author: Bowden, N. S., Link, J. M., Wang, W., Bowden, N. S., Link, J. M., and Wang, W.
Abstract: This report has been prepared as part of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021) by the Snowmass Neutrino Frontier Topical Group NF07 Conveners, based on input from contributed White papers and Letters of Interest., Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021); Topical Group Report for NF07 (Neutrino Frontier Topical Group on Applications)
Published: 2022

12. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., Zamorano, B., Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies). Submitted to J. Phys. G as a Major Report
Published: 2022

13. Joint Determination of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra from U-235 and Pu-239 Fission by Daya Bay and PROSPECT

Author: An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, Jonathan M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., Zou, J. H., An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, Jonathan M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.
Abstract: A joint determination of the reactor antineutrino spectra resulting from the fission of U235 and Pu239 has been carried out by the Daya Bay and PROSPECT Collaborations. This Letter reports the level of consistency of U235 spectrum measurements from the two experiments and presents new results from a joint analysis of both data sets. The measurements are found to be consistent. The combined analysis reduces the degeneracy between the dominant U235 and Pu239 isotopes and improves the uncertainty of the U235 spectral shape to about 3%. The U235 and Pu239 antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from the jointly deconvolved reactor spectra using the Wiener-SVD unfolding method, providing a data-based reference for other reactor antineutrino experiments and other applications. This is the first measurement of the U235 and Pu239 spectra based on the combination of experiments at low- and highly enriched uranium reactors.
Published: 2022

14. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., and Papanicolas, I.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally. DATA SOURCES: Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries. CONCLUSION: Although there are cross-country differences in the availability and structure of data sources
Published: 2021

15. Differences in health outcomes for high-need high-cost patients across high-income countries

Author: Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., and Figueroa, J.F.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: This study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas-an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from 11 health systems. STUDY DESIGN: We compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016-2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in-hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.
Published: 2021

16. Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high-income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona

Author: Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: This study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from five care settings. STUDY DESIGN: We compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized.. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post-acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: Across 11 high-income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices and above average utilization of post
Published: 2021

17. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

18. Differences in health outcomes for high-need high-cost patients across high-income countries

Author: Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., and Figueroa, J.F.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245435.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: This study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas-an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from 11 health systems. STUDY DESIGN: We compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016-2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in-hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.
Published: 2021

19. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., and Papanicolas, I.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245418.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally. DATA SOURCES: Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries. CONCLUSION: Although there are cross-country differences in the availability and structure of data sources
Published: 2021

20. Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high-income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona

Author: Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245434.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: This study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from five care settings. STUDY DESIGN: We compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized.. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post-acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: Across 11 high-income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices and above average utilization of post
Published: 2021

21. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245458.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

22. Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high-income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona

Author: Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Schoenfeld, A.J., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245434.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: This study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from five care settings. STUDY DESIGN: We compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized.. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post-acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: Across 11 high-income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices and above average utilization of post
Published: 2021

23. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Shatrov, K., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., and Jha, A.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245458.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

24. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons

Author: Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., Papanicolas, I., Figueroa, J.F., Horneffer, K.E., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Blankart, C.R., Bowden, N., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Hansen, T.M., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Pellet, L., Orlander, D., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Skudal, K.E., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W.P., Tanke, M.A.C., Jha, A.K., and Papanicolas, I.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245418.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally. DATA SOURCES: Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries. CONCLUSION: Although there are cross-country differences in the availability and structure of data sources
Published: 2021

25. Differences in health outcomes for high-need high-cost patients across high-income countries

Author: Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., Figueroa, J.F., Papanicolas, I., Riley, K., Abiona, O., Arvin, M., Atsma, F., Bernal-Delgado, E., Bowden, N., Blankart, C.R., Deeny, S., Estupiñán-Romero, F., Gauld, R., Haywood, P., Janlov, N., Knight, H., Lorenzoni, L., Marino, A., Or, Z., Penneau, A., Schoenfeld, A.J., Shatrov, K., Stafford, M., Galien, O. van der, Gool, K. van, Wodchis, W., Jha, A.K., and Figueroa, J.F.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 245435.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: This study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas-an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level patient data from 11 health systems. STUDY DESIGN: We compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016-2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in-hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.
Published: 2021

26. Joint Determination of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra from $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu Fission by Daya Bay and PROSPECT

Author: Daya Bay Collaboration, PROSPECT Collaboration, An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., Zou, J. H., Daya Bay Collaboration, PROSPECT Collaboration, An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.
Abstract: A joint determination of the reactor antineutrino spectra resulting from the fission of $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu has been carried out by the Daya Bay and PROSPECT collaborations. This Letter reports the level of consistency of $^{235}$U spectrum measurements from the two experiments and presents new results from a joint analysis of both data sets. The measurements are found to be consistent. The combined analysis reduces the degeneracy between the dominant $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu isotopes and improves the uncertainty of the $^{235}$U spectral shape to about 3\%. The ${}^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from the jointly deconvolved reactor spectra using the Wiener-SVD unfolding method, providing a data-based reference for other reactor antineutrino experiments and other applications. This is the first measurement of the $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu spectra based on the combination of experiments at low- and highly enriched uranium reactors., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Material Included
Published: 2021
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27. Joint Measurement of the $^{235}$U Antineutrino Spectrum by Prospect and Stereo

Author: Almazán, H., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, L., Blanchet, A., Bonhomme, A., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Buck, C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Atmani, I. El, Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Labit, L., Lamblin, J., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Licciardi, M., Lindner, M., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Materna, T., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pessard, H., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Réal, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Roca, C., Rogly, R., Rosero, R., Salagnac, T., Savu, V., Schoppmann, S., Searles, M., Sergeyeva, V., Soldner, T., Stutz, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Vialat, M., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Almazán, H., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, L., Blanchet, A., Bonhomme, A., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Buck, C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Atmani, I. El, Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Labit, L., Lamblin, J., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Licciardi, M., Lindner, M., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Materna, T., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pessard, H., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Réal, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Roca, C., Rogly, R., Rosero, R., Salagnac, T., Savu, V., Schoppmann, S., Searles, M., Sergeyeva, V., Soldner, T., Stutz, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Vialat, M., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: The PROSPECT and STEREO collaborations present a combined measurement of the pure $^{235}$U antineutrino spectrum, without site specific corrections or detector-dependent effects. The spectral measurements of the two highest precision experiments at research reactors are found to be compatible with $\chi^2/\mathrm{ndf} = 24.1/21$, allowing a joint unfolding of the prompt energy measurements into antineutrino energy. This $\bar{\nu}_e$ energy spectrum is provided to the community, and an excess of events relative to the Huber model is found in the 5-6 MeV region. When a Gaussian bump is fitted to the excess, the data-model $\chi^2$ value is improved, corresponding to a $2.4\sigma$ significance.
Published: 2021
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28. Limits on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Cappiello, C. V., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., and Cappiello, C. V.
Abstract: If dark matter has mass lower than around 1 GeV, it will not impart enough energy to cause detectable nuclear recoils in many direct-detection experiments. However, if dark matter is upscattered to high energy by collisions with cosmic rays, it may be detectable in both direct-detection experiments and neutrino experiments. We report the results of a dedicated search for boosted dark matter upscattered by cosmic rays using the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment. We show that such a flux of upscattered dark matter would display characteristic diurnal sidereal modulation, and use this to set new experimental constraints on sub-GeV dark matter exhibiting large interaction cross-sections., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
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29. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity.

Author: Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, and Jha, AK
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

30. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons.

Author

Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, and Papanicolas, I

Abstract

Objective

To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally.

Data sources

Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Study design

We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries.

Data collection/extraction methods

Data collected by ICCONIC partners.

Principal findings

Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries.

Conclusion

Although there are cross-country differences in the avail

Published

2021

31. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity.

Author: Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, and Jha, AK
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

32. Within and across country variations in treatment of patients with heart failure and diabetes.

Author

Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, Figueroa, JF, Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, and Figueroa, JF

Abstract

Objective

To compare within-country variation of health care utilization and spending of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes across countries.

Data sources

Patient-level linked data sources compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care across nine countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States.

Data collection methods

Patients were identified in routine hospital data with a primary diagnosis of CHF and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes in 2015/2016.

Study design

We calculated the care consumption of patients after a hospital admission over a year across the care pathway-ranging from primary care to home health nursing care. To compare the distribution of care consumption in each country, we use Gini coefficients, Lorenz curves, and female-male ratios for eight utilization and spending measures.

Principal findings

In all countries, rehabilitation and home nursing care were highly concentrated in the top decile of patients, while the number of drug prescriptions were more uniformly distributed. On average, the Gini coefficient for drug consumption is about 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.36), while it is, 0.50 (0.45-0.56) for primary care visits, and more than 0.75 (0.81-0.92) for rehabilitation use and nurse visits at home (0.78; 0.62-0.9). Variations in spending were more pronounced than in utilization. Compared to men, women spend more days at initial hospital admission (+5%, 1.01-1.06), have a higher number of prescriptions (+7%, 1.05-1.09), and substantially more rehabilitation and home care (+20% to 35%, 0.79-1.6, 0.99-1.64), but have fewer visits to specialists (-10%; 0.84-0.97).

Conclusions

Distribution of health care consumption in different settings varies within countries, but there are also some common treatment patterns across all countries. Clinicians and policy makers need to look in

Published

2021

33. Differences in health outcomes for high-need high-cost patients across high-income countries.

Author

Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, and Figueroa, JF

Abstract

Objective

This study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas-an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes.

Data sources

We used individual-level patient data from 11 health systems.

Study design

We compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex.

Data collection/extraction methods

Data was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016-2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Principal findings

The hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in-hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona.

Conclusion

Across 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.

Published

2021

34. Joint Measurement of the $^{235}$U Antineutrino Spectrum by Prospect and Stereo

Author: Almazán, H., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, L., Blanchet, A., Bonhomme, A., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Buck, C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Atmani, I. El, Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Labit, L., Lamblin, J., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Licciardi, M., Lindner, M., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Materna, T., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pessard, H., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Réal, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Roca, C., Rogly, R., Rosero, R., Salagnac, T., Savu, V., Schoppmann, S., Searles, M., Sergeyeva, V., Soldner, T., Stutz, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Vialat, M., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Almazán, H., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bernard, L., Blanchet, A., Bonhomme, A., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Buck, C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Atmani, I. El, Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Labit, L., Lamblin, J., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Licciardi, M., Lindner, M., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Materna, T., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pessard, H., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Réal, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Roca, C., Rogly, R., Rosero, R., Salagnac, T., Savu, V., Schoppmann, S., Searles, M., Sergeyeva, V., Soldner, T., Stutz, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Vialat, M., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: The PROSPECT and STEREO collaborations present a combined measurement of the pure $^{235}$U antineutrino spectrum, without site specific corrections or detector-dependent effects. The spectral measurements of the two highest precision experiments at research reactors are found to be compatible with $\chi^2/\mathrm{ndf} = 24.1/21$, allowing a joint unfolding of the prompt energy measurements into antineutrino energy. This $\bar{\nu}_e$ energy spectrum is provided to the community, and an excess of events relative to the Huber model is found in the 5-6 MeV region. When a Gaussian bump is fitted to the excess, the data-model $\chi^2$ value is improved, corresponding to a $2.4\sigma$ significance.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Joint Determination of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra from $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu Fission by Daya Bay and PROSPECT

Author: Daya Bay Collaboration, PROSPECT Collaboration, An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., Zou, J. H., Daya Bay Collaboration, PROSPECT Collaboration, An, F. P., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Berish, D., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolinski, M. J., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gallo, J. P., Gilbert, C. E., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Grassi, M., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Koblanski, J., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D. C., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, X., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Maricic, J., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Mendenhall, M. P., Meng, Y., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. M. T., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Palomino, J. L., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Pushin, D. A., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Searles, M., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Surukuchi, P. T., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weatherly, P. B., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Wong, H. L. H., Woolverton, A., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.
Abstract: A joint determination of the reactor antineutrino spectra resulting from the fission of $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu has been carried out by the Daya Bay and PROSPECT collaborations. This Letter reports the level of consistency of $^{235}$U spectrum measurements from the two experiments and presents new results from a joint analysis of both data sets. The measurements are found to be consistent. The combined analysis reduces the degeneracy between the dominant $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu isotopes and improves the uncertainty of the $^{235}$U spectral shape to about 3\%. The ${}^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from the jointly deconvolved reactor spectra using the Wiener-SVD unfolding method, providing a data-based reference for other reactor antineutrino experiments and other applications. This is the first measurement of the $^{235}$U and $^{239}$Pu spectra based on the combination of experiments at low- and highly enriched uranium reactors., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Material Included
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons.

Author

Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, and Papanicolas, I

Abstract

Objective

To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally.

Data sources

Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Study design

We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries.

Data collection/extraction methods

Data collected by ICCONIC partners.

Principal findings

Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries.

Conclusion

Although there are cross-country differences in the avail

Published

2021

37. Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high-income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona.

Author

Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Schoenfeld, AJ, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Schoenfeld, AJ, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, and Jha, AK

Abstract

Objective

This study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture.

Data sources

We used individual-level patient data from five care settings.

Study design

We compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized..

Data collection/extraction methods

The data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Principal findings

The sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post-acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting.

Conclusion

Across 11 high-income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices a

Published

2021

38. Differences in health outcomes for high-need high-cost patients across high-income countries.

Author

Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, and Figueroa, JF

Abstract

Objective

This study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas-an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes.

Data sources

We used individual-level patient data from 11 health systems.

Study design

We compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex.

Data collection/extraction methods

Data was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016-2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Principal findings

The hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in-hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona.

Conclusion

Across 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.

Published

2021

39. Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high-income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona.

Author

Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Schoenfeld, AJ, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Schoenfeld, AJ, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, and Jha, AK

Abstract

Objective

This study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture.

Data sources

We used individual-level patient data from five care settings.

Study design

We compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized..

Data collection/extraction methods

The data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Principal findings

The sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post-acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting.

Conclusion

Across 11 high-income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices a

Published

2021

40. Within and across country variations in treatment of patients with heart failure and diabetes.

Author

Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, Figueroa, JF, Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, and Figueroa, JF

Abstract

Objective

To compare within-country variation of health care utilization and spending of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes across countries.

Data sources

Patient-level linked data sources compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care across nine countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States.

Data collection methods

Patients were identified in routine hospital data with a primary diagnosis of CHF and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes in 2015/2016.

Study design

We calculated the care consumption of patients after a hospital admission over a year across the care pathway-ranging from primary care to home health nursing care. To compare the distribution of care consumption in each country, we use Gini coefficients, Lorenz curves, and female-male ratios for eight utilization and spending measures.

Principal findings

In all countries, rehabilitation and home nursing care were highly concentrated in the top decile of patients, while the number of drug prescriptions were more uniformly distributed. On average, the Gini coefficient for drug consumption is about 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.36), while it is, 0.50 (0.45-0.56) for primary care visits, and more than 0.75 (0.81-0.92) for rehabilitation use and nurse visits at home (0.78; 0.62-0.9). Variations in spending were more pronounced than in utilization. Compared to men, women spend more days at initial hospital admission (+5%, 1.01-1.06), have a higher number of prescriptions (+7%, 1.05-1.09), and substantially more rehabilitation and home care (+20% to 35%, 0.79-1.6, 0.99-1.64), but have fewer visits to specialists (-10%; 0.84-0.97).

Conclusions

Distribution of health care consumption in different settings varies within countries, but there are also some common treatment patterns across all countries. Clinicians and policy makers need to look in

Published

2021

41. A methodology for identifying high-need, high-cost patient personas for international comparisons.

Author

Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, Papanicolas, I, Figueroa, JF, Horneffer, KE, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Hansen, TM, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Pellet, L, Orlander, D, Penneau, A, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Skudal, KE, Stafford, M, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, WP, Tanke, M, Jha, AK, and Papanicolas, I

Abstract

Objective

To establish a methodological approach to compare two high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally.

Data sources

Linked individual-level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Study design

We outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient-level datasets linked across different domains of care-hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, long-term care, home-health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries.

Data collection/extraction methods

Data collected by ICCONIC partners.

Principal findings

Across 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual-level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries.

Conclusion

Although there are cross-country differences in the avail

Published

2021

42. International comparison of spending and utilization at the end of life for hip fracture patients.

Author

Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, ICCONIC Collaboration, Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, and ICCONIC Collaboration

Abstract

Objective

To identify and explore differences in spending and utilization of key health services at the end of life among hip fracture patients across seven developed countries.

Data sources

Individual-level claims data from the inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC).

Study design

We retrospectively analyzed utilization and spending from acute hospital care, emergency department, outpatient primary care and specialty physician visits, and outpatient drugs. Patterns of spending and utilization were compared in the last 30, 90, and 180 days across Australia, Canada, England, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, and the United States. We employed linear regression models to measure age- and sex-specific effects within and across countries. In addition, we analyzed hospital-centricity, that is, the days spent in hospital and site of death.

Data collection/extraction methods

We identified patients who sustained a hip fracture in 2016 and died within 12 months from date of admission.

Principal findings

Resource use, costs, and the proportion of deaths in hospital showed large variability being high in England and Spain, while low in New Zealand. Days in hospital significantly decreased with increasing age in Canada, Germany, Spain, and the United States. Hospital spending near date of death was significantly lower for women in Canada, Germany, and the United States. The age gradient and the sex effect were less pronounced in utilization and spending of emergency care, outpatient care, and drugs.

Conclusions

Across seven countries, we find important variations in end-of-life care for patients who sustained a hip fracture, with some differences explained by sex and age. Our work sheds important insights that may help ongoing health policy discussions on equity, efficiency, and reimbursement in health care systems.

Published

2021

43. International comparison of spending and utilization at the end of life for hip fracture patients.

Author

Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, ICCONIC Collaboration, Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, and ICCONIC Collaboration

Abstract

Objective

To identify and explore differences in spending and utilization of key health services at the end of life among hip fracture patients across seven developed countries.

Data sources

Individual-level claims data from the inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC).

Study design

We retrospectively analyzed utilization and spending from acute hospital care, emergency department, outpatient primary care and specialty physician visits, and outpatient drugs. Patterns of spending and utilization were compared in the last 30, 90, and 180 days across Australia, Canada, England, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, and the United States. We employed linear regression models to measure age- and sex-specific effects within and across countries. In addition, we analyzed hospital-centricity, that is, the days spent in hospital and site of death.

Data collection/extraction methods

We identified patients who sustained a hip fracture in 2016 and died within 12 months from date of admission.

Principal findings

Resource use, costs, and the proportion of deaths in hospital showed large variability being high in England and Spain, while low in New Zealand. Days in hospital significantly decreased with increasing age in Canada, Germany, Spain, and the United States. Hospital spending near date of death was significantly lower for women in Canada, Germany, and the United States. The age gradient and the sex effect were less pronounced in utilization and spending of emergency care, outpatient care, and drugs.

Conclusions

Across seven countries, we find important variations in end-of-life care for patients who sustained a hip fracture, with some differences explained by sex and age. Our work sheds important insights that may help ongoing health policy discussions on equity, efficiency, and reimbursement in health care systems.

Published

2021

44. Within and across country variations in treatment of patients with heart failure and diabetes.

Author

Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, Figueroa, JF, Or, Z, Shatrov, K, Penneau, A, Wodchis, W, Abiona, O, Blankart, CR, Bowden, N, Bernal-Delgado, E, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Pellet, L, Estupiñán-Romero, F, van Gool, K, and Figueroa, JF

Abstract

Objective

To compare within-country variation of health care utilization and spending of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes across countries.

Data sources

Patient-level linked data sources compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care across nine countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States.

Data collection methods

Patients were identified in routine hospital data with a primary diagnosis of CHF and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes in 2015/2016.

Study design

We calculated the care consumption of patients after a hospital admission over a year across the care pathway-ranging from primary care to home health nursing care. To compare the distribution of care consumption in each country, we use Gini coefficients, Lorenz curves, and female-male ratios for eight utilization and spending measures.

Principal findings

In all countries, rehabilitation and home nursing care were highly concentrated in the top decile of patients, while the number of drug prescriptions were more uniformly distributed. On average, the Gini coefficient for drug consumption is about 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.36), while it is, 0.50 (0.45-0.56) for primary care visits, and more than 0.75 (0.81-0.92) for rehabilitation use and nurse visits at home (0.78; 0.62-0.9). Variations in spending were more pronounced than in utilization. Compared to men, women spend more days at initial hospital admission (+5%, 1.01-1.06), have a higher number of prescriptions (+7%, 1.05-1.09), and substantially more rehabilitation and home care (+20% to 35%, 0.79-1.6, 0.99-1.64), but have fewer visits to specialists (-10%; 0.84-0.97).

Conclusions

Distribution of health care consumption in different settings varies within countries, but there are also some common treatment patterns across all countries. Clinicians and policy makers need to look in

Published

2021

45. International comparison of health spending and utilization among people with complex multimorbidity.

Author: Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, Jha, AK, Figueroa, JF, Papanicolas, I, Riley, K, Abiona, O, Arvin, M, Atsma, F, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Blankart, CR, Deeny, S, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Haywood, P, Janlov, N, Knight, H, Lorenzoni, L, Marino, A, Or, Z, Penneau, A, Shatrov, K, van de Galien, O, van Gool, K, Wodchis, W, and Jha, AK
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore cross-country differences in spending and utilization across different domains of care for a multimorbid persona with heart failure and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We used individual-level administrative claims or registry data from inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (US). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Data collected by ICCONIC partners. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed age-sex standardized utilization and spending of an older person (65-90 years) hospitalized with a heart failure exacerbation and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes across five domains of care: hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post-acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sample sizes ranged from n = 1270 in Spain to n = 21,803 in the United States. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) ranged from 76.2 (5.6) in the Netherlands to 80.3 (6.8) in Sweden. We observed substantial variation in spending and utilization across care settings. On average, England spent $10,956 per person in hospital care while the United States spent $30,877. The United States had a shorter length of stay over the year (18.9 days) compared to France (32.9) and Germany (33.4). The United States spent more days in facility-based rehabilitative care than other countries. Australia spent $421 per person in primary care, while Spain (Aragon) spent $1557. The United States and Canada had proportionately more visits to specialist providers than primary care providers. Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more than other countries, suggesting higher prices per unit. CONCLUSION: Across 11 countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilizatio
Published: 2021

46. International comparison of spending and utilization at the end of life for hip fracture patients.

Author

Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, ICCONIC Collaboration, Blankart, CR, van Gool, K, Papanicolas, I, Bernal-Delgado, E, Bowden, N, Estupiñán-Romero, F, Gauld, R, Knight, H, Abiona, O, Riley, K, Schoenfeld, AJ, Shatrov, K, Wodchis, WP, Figueroa, JF, and ICCONIC Collaboration

Abstract

Objective

To identify and explore differences in spending and utilization of key health services at the end of life among hip fracture patients across seven developed countries.

Data sources

Individual-level claims data from the inpatient and outpatient health care sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC).

Study design

We retrospectively analyzed utilization and spending from acute hospital care, emergency department, outpatient primary care and specialty physician visits, and outpatient drugs. Patterns of spending and utilization were compared in the last 30, 90, and 180 days across Australia, Canada, England, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, and the United States. We employed linear regression models to measure age- and sex-specific effects within and across countries. In addition, we analyzed hospital-centricity, that is, the days spent in hospital and site of death.

Data collection/extraction methods

We identified patients who sustained a hip fracture in 2016 and died within 12 months from date of admission.

Principal findings

Resource use, costs, and the proportion of deaths in hospital showed large variability being high in England and Spain, while low in New Zealand. Days in hospital significantly decreased with increasing age in Canada, Germany, Spain, and the United States. Hospital spending near date of death was significantly lower for women in Canada, Germany, and the United States. The age gradient and the sex effect were less pronounced in utilization and spending of emergency care, outpatient care, and drugs.

Conclusions

Across seven countries, we find important variations in end-of-life care for patients who sustained a hip fracture, with some differences explained by sex and age. Our work sheds important insights that may help ongoing health policy discussions on equity, efficiency, and reimbursement in health care systems.

Published

2021

47. PROSPECT-II Physics Opportunities

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Carr, R., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Delgado, A., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribari, A., Gilbert, C. E., Grant, C., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kunkle, P., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Searles, M., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X.
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, has made world-leading measurements of reactor antineutrinos at short baselines. In its first phase, conducted at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PROSPECT produced some of the strongest limits on eV-scale sterile neutrinos, made a precision measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum from $^{235}$U, and demonstrated the observation of reactor antineutrinos in an aboveground detector with good energy resolution and well-controlled backgrounds. The PROSPECT collaboration is now preparing an upgraded detector, PROSPECT-II, to probe yet unexplored parameter space for sterile neutrinos and contribute to a full resolution of the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly, a longstanding puzzle in neutrino physics. By pressing forward on the world's most precise measurement of the $^{235}$U antineutrino spectrum and measuring the absolute flux of antineutrinos from $^{235}$U, PROSPECT-II will sharpen a tool with potential value for basic neutrino science, nuclear data validation, and nuclear security applications. Following a two-year deployment at HFIR, an additional PROSPECT-II deployment at a low enriched uranium reactor could make complementary measurements of the neutrino yield from other fission isotopes. PROSPECT-II provides a unique opportunity to continue the study of reactor antineutrinos at short baselines, taking advantage of demonstrated elements of the original PROSPECT design and close access to a highly enriched uranium reactor core.
Published: 2021
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48. Limits on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

Author: Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Cappiello, C. V., Andriamirado, M., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Bass, C. D., Bergeron, D. E., Bowden, N. S., Bryan, C. D., Classen, T., Conant, A. J., Deichert, G., Diwan, M. V., Dolinski, M. J., Erickson, A., Foust, B. T., Gaison, J. K., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gilbert, C. E., Hans, S., Hansell, A. B., Heeger, K. M., Heffron, B., Jaffe, D. E., Jayakumar, S., Ji, X., Jones, D. C., Koblanski, J., Kyzylova, O., Lane, C. E., Langford, T. J., LaRosa, J., Littlejohn, B. R., Lu, X., Maricic, J., Mendenhall, M. P., Meyer, A. M., Milincic, R., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Napolitano, J., Neilson, R., Nikkel, J. A., Nour, S., Palomino, J. L., Pushin, D. A., Qian, X., Rosero, R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tyra, M. A., Varner, R. L., Venegas-Vargas, D., Weatherly, P. B., White, C., Wilhelmi, J., Woolverton, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., and Cappiello, C. V.
Abstract: If dark matter has mass lower than around 1 GeV, it will not impart enough energy to cause detectable nuclear recoils in many direct-detection experiments. However, if dark matter is upscattered to high energy by collisions with cosmic rays, it may be detectable in both direct-detection experiments and neutrino experiments. We report the results of a dedicated search for boosted dark matter upscattered by cosmic rays using the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment. We show that such a flux of upscattered dark matter would display characteristic diurnal sidereal modulation, and use this to set new experimental constraints on sub-GeV dark matter exhibiting large interaction cross-sections., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Case identification of mental health and related problems in children and young people using the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure.

Author: Bowden, N, Gibb, S, Thabrew, H, Kokaua, J, Audas, R, Merry, S, Taylor, B, Hetrick, SE, Bowden, N, Gibb, S, Thabrew, H, Kokaua, J, Audas, R, Merry, S, Taylor, B, and Hetrick, SE
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a novel endeavour we aimed to develop a clinically relevant case identification method for use in research about the mental health of children and young people in New Zealand using the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). The IDI is a linked individual-level database containing New Zealand government and survey microdata. METHODS: We drew on diagnostic and pharmaceutical information contained within five secondary care service use and medication dispensing datasets to identify probable cases of mental health and related problems. A systematic classification and refinement of codes, including restrictions by age, was undertaken to assign cases into 13 different mental health problem categories. This process was carried out by a panel of eight specialists covering a diverse range of mental health disciplines (a clinical psychologist, four child and adolescent psychiatrists and three academic researchers in child and adolescent mental health). The case identification method was applied to the New Zealand youth estimated resident population for the 2014/15 fiscal year. RESULTS: Over 82,000 unique individuals aged 0-24 with at least one specified mental health or related problem were identified using the case identification method for the 2014/15 fiscal year. The most prevalent mental health problem subgroups were emotional problems (31,266 individuals), substance problems (16,314), and disruptive behaviours (13,758). Overall, the pharmaceutical collection was the largest source of case identification data (59,862). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the value of utilising IDI data for mental health research. Although the method is yet to be fully validated, it moves beyond incidence rates based on single data sources, and provides directions for future use, including further linkage of data to the IDI.
Published: 2020

50. Colloquium: Neutrino detectors as tools for nuclear security

Author: Bernstein, A, Bernstein, A, Bowden, N, Goldblum, BL, Huber, P, Jovanovic, I, Mattingly, J, Bernstein, A, Bernstein, A, Bowden, N, Goldblum, BL, Huber, P, Jovanovic, I, and Mattingly, J
Abstract: For over 40 years, physicists have considered possible uses for neutrino detectors in nuclear nonproliferation, arms control, and fissile materials security. Neutrinos are an attractive fission signature because they readily pass through matter. The same property makes neutrinos challenging to detect in systems that would be practical for nuclear security applications. This Colloquium presents a broad overview of several potential neutrino applications, including the near-field monitoring of known reactors, far-field monitoring of known or discovery of undeclared reactors, detection of reactor waste streams, and detection of nuclear explosions. Recent detector advances have made near-field monitoring feasible, whereas farther-field reactor detection and waste stream detection monitoring may be possible in some cases with further research and development. Very long-range reactor monitoring and nuclear explosion detection do not appear feasible for the foreseeable future due to considerable physical and/or practical constraints.
Published: 2020

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