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L’objectif du livre est de faire une synthèse réaliste et éclairée du phénomène de dépendance et tente de répondre à de nombreuses questions:Qu’est-ce que la dépendance chimique?Quelle est la différence entre utilisation, abus et mésusage?Quels sont les différents traitements possibles?Comment prévenir la toxicomanie?Quel est le lien entre addiction et troubles psychiques?Le problème de la toxicomanie est complexe. C’est en comprenant mieux les relations entre les troubles de l’humeur et les dépendances chimiques et comportementales que l’on progressera dans la prévention et le traitement des dépendances.Il s'adresse àtoutes les personnes s’intéressant au sujet des drogues et au phénomène de dépendance.

L’objectif du livre est de faire une synthèse réaliste et éclairée du phénomène de dépendance et tente de répondre à de nombreuses questions :Qu’est-ce que la dépendance chimique ?Quelle est la différence entre utilisation, abus et mésusage ?Quels sont les différents traitements possibles ?Comment prévenir la toxicomanie ?Quel est le lien entre addiction et troubles psychiques ?Le problème de la toxicomanie est complexe. C’est en comprenant mieux les relations entre les troubles de l’humeur et les dépendances chimiques et comportementales que l’on progressera dans la prévention et le traitement des dépendances.Il s'adresse à toutes les personnes s’intéressant au sujet des drogues et au phénomène de dépendance.

Cet ouvrage explique comment le vieillissement cérébral s’opère et quels en sont les conséquences. Ces changements dans le cerveau sont susceptibles d’affecter la fonction mentale, même chez les personnes âgées en bonne santé Il traite de différentes maladies neurodégénératives qui apparaissent avec l’âge, telles que la maladie de Parkinson, les démences dont la plus connue est la maladie d’Alzheimer, ou encore les troubles de l’humeur. Tous ces problèmes sont abordés, en essayant aussi d’expliquer comment réduire les dégâts liés à l’âge. Cet ouvrage s'adresse à toute personne intéressée par le sujet du vieillissement cérébral.

This paper looks at experiential feedback and the technical and scientific challenges tied to the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise that took place in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019. This cruise proposes an innovative approach to investigate the accumulation and transfer of inorganic and organic contaminants within the planktonic food webs. We present detailed information on how the cruise worked, including 1) the cruise track and sampling stations, 2) the overall strategy, based mainly on the collection of plankton, suspended particles and water at the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the separation of these particles and planktonic organisms into various size fractions, as well as the collection of atmospheric deposition, 3) the operations performed and material used at each station, and 4) the sequence of operations and main parameters analysed. The paper also provides the main environmental conditions that were prevailing during the campaign. Lastly, we present the types of articles produced based on work completed by the cruise that are part of this special issue.

The INTAQT project aims to characterize the links between husbandry systems and the quality of poultry meat, beef and dairy products after consulting at national and Europea levels the actors of each sector on their expectations. The first step was to identify their perceptions and points of view in terms of product quality and this communication focuses on results obtained with producers, processors, retailers and some representatives of citizens’ associations. In addition to the intrinsic quality criteria already foreseen in the project (health, nutrition, organoleptic), stakeholders spontaneously expressed the importance of considering extrinsic criteria related to sustainability (animal welfare, environment, socio-economic aspects) as well as technological quality. The other criteria were mentioned in a variable way depending on the type of stakeholder, the country and the sector concerned. These results are consistent with consumers’ views and they have been taken into account to include other quality criteria in the project.

Agri-food chain actors (AFAs) lack reliable information to meet consumer expectations in relation to multiple facets of intrinsic quality of chicken meat, beef, and dairy products from the various European livestock systems. One of the challenges of the INTAQT project is to build, with AFAs, multi-criteria scoring tools related to products global quality. This tool should combine safety, sensory, and nutritional results obtained during the project-based on collection of poultry/beef/dairy samples and possibly other quality criteria. Multi-actor participatory approach was applied to present and discuss the concept of a multicriteria scoring tool, collecting opinions, fears, and expectations on this tool. On a consumer side, it was felt that such a multi-criteria score placed on products could be a clear and simple representation of a complex reality. However, some disadvantages were expressed about its reliability or implementation. For their part, AFAs had varying opinions on the tool’s target, mainly about its possible use as an internal tool or for consumer information, with different pros and cons expressed on both aims. Fears dealt with the building of the tool, and its relevance, representativeness, practical use, and the potential dangers, especially if safety aspects were included. However, both consumers and AFAs agree on the need to include in this tool extrinsic criteria such as farming system sustainability and animal welfare.

The INTAQT project aims to establish the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic quality criteria of animal products and European husbandry systems. Another aim is to evaluate the impact of innovative husbandry practices on the quality of the products. In order to determine, which husbandry systems and practices the project should study, a European-wide stakeholder consultation of the chicken, beef and dairy value chains was conducted. Stakeholders were presented with a preselection of husbandry systems and were requested to modify or add systems according to their interest, and to name innovative practices to be tested. In total, 161 face-to-face interviews took place between October 2021 and March 2022, followed by 12 national and 3 European group meetings. Overall, stakeholders of all value chains were satisfied with the initially selected systems. Suggestions covered both mainstream systems as well as new, innovative ones, which are emerging due to the growing societal rejection of intensive farming practices. These included systems that improve the farms’ self-autonomy, use local resources or a circular economy, or improve animal welfare and environmental impact. Similarly, actors in all three value chains suggested innovative practices that centre on increased animal welfare and environmental sustainability, thus reflecting a willingness to respond to societal demands.

The INTAQT project aims to characterize the links between husbandry systems and the quality of poultry meat, beef and dairy products after consulting at national and Europea levels the actors of each sector on their expectations. The first step was to identify their perceptions and points of view in terms of product quality and this communication focuses on results obtained with producers, processors, retailers and some representatives of citizens’ associations. In addition to the intrinsic quality criteria already foreseen in the project (health, nutrition, organoleptic), stakeholders spontaneously expressed the importance of considering extrinsic criteria related to sustainability (animal welfare, environment, socio-economic aspects) as well as technological quality. The other criteria were mentioned in a variable way depending on the type of stakeholder, the country and the sector concerned. These results are consistent with consumers’ views and they have been taken into account to include other quality criteria in the project.

•Under the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD) 2008/50/EC member states are required to undertake routine monitoring of PM2.5 composition at background stations. The AQD states for PM2.5 speciation this should include at least: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Until 2017, it was the responsibility of each country to determine the methodology used to report the composition for the inorganic components of PM2.5. In August 2017 a European standard method of measurement of PM2.5 inorganic chemical components (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) as deposited on filters (EN16913:2017) was published. From August 2019 this then became the European standard method. This filter method is labour-intensive and provides limited time resolution and is prone to losses of volatile compounds. There is therefore increasing interest in the use of alternative automated methods. For example, the UK reports hourly PM2.5 chemical composition using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA, Metrohm, NL). This study is a pre-assessment review of available data to demonstrate if or to what extent equivalence is possible using either the MARGA or other available automatic methods, including the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc. US) and the Ambient Ion Monitor (AIM, URG, US). •To demonstrate equivalence three objectives were to be met. The first two objectives focused on data capture and were met by all three instruments. The third objective was to have less than a 50% expanded uncertainty compared to the reference method for each species. Analysis of this objective was carried out using existing paired datasets available from different regions around the world. It was found that the MARGA (2006–2019 model) had the potential to demonstrate equivalence for all species in the standard, though it was only

The INTAQT project aims to characterize the links between husbandry systems and the quality of poultry meat, beef and dairy products after consulting at national and Europea levels the actors of each sector on their expectations. The first step was to identify their perceptions and points of view in terms of product quality and this communication focuses on results obtained with producers, processors, retailers and some representatives of citizens’ associations. In addition to the intrinsic quality criteria already foreseen in the project (health, nutrition, organoleptic), stakeholders spontaneously expressed the importance of considering extrinsic criteria related to sustainability (animal welfare, environment, socio-economic aspects) as well as technological quality. The other criteria were mentioned in a variable way depending on the type of stakeholder, the country and the sector concerned. These results are consistent with consumers’ views and they have been taken into account to include other quality criteria in the project.

Under the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD) 2008/50/EC member states are required to undertake routine monitoring of PM2.5 composition at background stations. The AQD states for PM2.5 speciation this should include at least: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Until 2017, it was the responsibility of each country to determine the methodology used to report the composition for the inorganic components of PM2.5. In August 2017 a European standard method of measurement of PM2.5 inorganic chemical components (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) as deposited on filters (EN16913:2017) was published. From August 2019 this then became the European standard method. This filter method is labour-intensive and provides limited time resolution and is prone to losses of volatile compounds. There is therefore increasing interest in the use of alternative automated methods. For example, the UK reports hourly PM2.5 chemical composition using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA, Metrohm, NL). This study is a pre-assessment review of available data to demonstrate if or to what extent equivalence is possible using either the MARGA or other available automatic methods, including the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc. US) and the Ambient Ion Monitor (AIM, URG, US). To demonstrate equivalence three objectives were to be met. The first two objectives focused on data capture and were met by all three instruments. The third objective was to have less than a 50% expanded uncertainty compared to the reference method for each species. Analysis of this objective was carried out using existing paired datasets available from different regions around the world. It was found that the MARGA (2006–2019 model) had the potential to demonstrate equivalence for all species in the standard, though it was only t

The INTAQT project aims to establish the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic quality criteria of animal products and European husbandry systems. Another aim is to evaluate the impact of innovative husbandry practices on the quality of the products. In order to determine, which husbandry systems and practices the project should study, a European-wide stakeholder consultation of the chicken, beef and dairy value chains was conducted. Stakeholders were presented with a preselection of husbandry systems and were requested to modify or add systems according to their interest, and to name innovative practices to be tested. In total, 161 face-to-face interviews took place between October 2021 and March 2022, followed by 12 national and 3 European group meetings. Overall, stakeholders of all value chains were satisfied with the initially selected systems. Suggestions covered both mainstream systems as well as new, innovative ones, which are emerging due to the growing societal rejection of intensive farming practices. These included systems that improve the farms’ self-autonomy, use local resources or a circular economy, or improve animal welfare and environmental impact. Similarly, actors in all three value chains suggested innovative practices that centre on increased animal welfare and environmental sustainability, thus reflecting a willingness to respond to societal demands.

The INTAQT project aims to characterize the links between husbandry systems and the quality of poultry meat, beef and dairy products after consulting at national and Europea levels the actors of each sector on their expectations. The first step was to identify their perceptions and points of view in terms of product quality and this communication focuses on results obtained with producers, processors, retailers and some representatives of citizens’ associations. In addition to the intrinsic quality criteria already foreseen in the project (health, nutrition, organoleptic), stakeholders spontaneously expressed the importance of considering extrinsic criteria related to sustainability (animal welfare, environment, socio-economic aspects) as well as technological quality. The other criteria were mentioned in a variable way depending on the type of stakeholder, the country and the sector concerned. These results are consistent with consumers’ views and they have been taken into account to include other quality criteria in the project.

Agri-food chain actors (AFAs) lack reliable information to meet consumer expectations in relation to multiple facets of intrinsic quality of chicken meat, beef, and dairy products from the various European livestock systems. One of the challenges of the INTAQT project is to build, with AFAs, multi-criteria scoring tools related to products global quality. This tool should combine safety, sensory, and nutritional results obtained during the project-based on collection of poultry/beef/dairy samples and possibly other quality criteria. Multi-actor participatory approach was applied to present and discuss the concept of a multicriteria scoring tool, collecting opinions, fears, and expectations on this tool. On a consumer side, it was felt that such a multi-criteria score placed on products could be a clear and simple representation of a complex reality. However, some disadvantages were expressed about its reliability or implementation. For their part, AFAs had varying opinions on the tool’s target, mainly about its possible use as an internal tool or for consumer information, with different pros and cons expressed on both aims. Fears dealt with the building of the tool, and its relevance, representativeness, practical use, and the potential dangers, especially if safety aspects were included. However, both consumers and AFAs agree on the need to include in this tool extrinsic criteria such as farming system sustainability and animal welfare.

The INTAQT project aims to establish the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic quality criteria of animal products and European husbandry systems. Another aim is to evaluate the impact of innovative husbandry practices on the quality of the products. In order to determine, which husbandry systems and practices the project should study, a European-wide stakeholder consultation of the chicken, beef and dairy value chains was conducted. Stakeholders were presented with a preselection of husbandry systems and were requested to modify or add systems according to their interest, and to name innovative practices to be tested. In total, 161 face-to-face interviews took place between October 2021 and March 2022, followed by 12 national and 3 European group meetings. Overall, stakeholders of all value chains were satisfied with the initially selected systems. Suggestions covered both mainstream systems as well as new, innovative ones, which are emerging due to the growing societal rejection of intensive farming practices. These included systems that improve the farms’ self-autonomy, use local resources or a circular economy, or improve animal welfare and environmental impact. Similarly, actors in all three value chains suggested innovative practices that centre on increased animal welfare and environmental sustainability, thus reflecting a willingness to respond to societal demands.

The INTAQT project aims to characterize the links between husbandry systems and the quality of poultry meat, beef and dairy products after consulting at national and Europea levels the actors of each sector on their expectations. The first step was to identify their perceptions and points of view in terms of product quality and this communication focuses on results obtained with producers, processors, retailers and some representatives of citizens’ associations. In addition to the intrinsic quality criteria already foreseen in the project (health, nutrition, organoleptic), stakeholders spontaneously expressed the importance of considering extrinsic criteria related to sustainability (animal welfare, environment, socio-economic aspects) as well as technological quality. The other criteria were mentioned in a variable way depending on the type of stakeholder, the country and the sector concerned. These results are consistent with consumers’ views and they have been taken into account to include other quality criteria in the project.

Agri-food chain actors (AFAs) lack reliable information to meet consumer expectations in relation to multiple facets of intrinsic quality of chicken meat, beef, and dairy products from the various European livestock systems. One of the challenges of the INTAQT project is to build, with AFAs, multi-criteria scoring tools related to products global quality. This tool should combine safety, sensory, and nutritional results obtained during the project-based on collection of poultry/beef/dairy samples and possibly other quality criteria. Multi-actor participatory approach was applied to present and discuss the concept of a multicriteria scoring tool, collecting opinions, fears, and expectations on this tool. On a consumer side, it was felt that such a multi-criteria score placed on products could be a clear and simple representation of a complex reality. However, some disadvantages were expressed about its reliability or implementation. For their part, AFAs had varying opinions on the tool’s target, mainly about its possible use as an internal tool or for consumer information, with different pros and cons expressed on both aims. Fears dealt with the building of the tool, and its relevance, representativeness, practical use, and the potential dangers, especially if safety aspects were included. However, both consumers and AFAs agree on the need to include in this tool extrinsic criteria such as farming system sustainability and animal welfare.

This is the Habilitation Thesis manuscript presented at Besan\c{c}on on January 5, focusing on Matrix Analysis, Matrix Inequalities and Matrix Decompositions. There are also some topics in (Hilbert space) Operator Theory. The text should be of interest for a large audience of researchers and students in pure and applied mathematics. We may divide it into five parts: 1) Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter, some results from the period 1999-2010 are given, and a few conjectures are proposed. 2) Chapters 2-4 deal with matrix inequalities, Chapter 2 is concerned with norm inequalities and logmajorization and Chapters 3-4 with functional calculus and a unitary orbit technique that I started to develop in 2003. 3) Chapter 5 is a time-break in infinite dimensional Hilbert space operators, the essential numerical range plays a key role. 4) Chapters 6-8 establish several decompositions for partitioned matrices, especially for positive block matrices. Some norm inequalities involving the numerical range are derived. 5) Chapter 9 may be of special interest for students : a proof of the Spectral Theorem for bounded operators is derived from the matrix case., Comment: 144 pages. This is the Habilitation Thesis manuscript presented at Besan\c{c}on on January 5. Special thanks are due to my colleagues and friends kindly acting as rewievers, Frank Hansen, Hideki Kosaki, and Fedor Sukochev

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes des troubles bipolaires avec des explications complètes, afin d'être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d'informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes bipolaires et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes de l’anxiété pathologique avec des explications complètes, afin d’être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d’informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes atteintes d’anxiété et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes de l’anxiété pathologique avec des explications complètes, afin d’être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d’informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes atteintes d’anxiété et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes des troubles bipolaires avec des explications complètes, afin d'être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d'informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes bipolaires et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes des troubles bipolaires avec des explications complètes, afin d'être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d'informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes bipolaires et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes de l’anxiété pathologique avec des explications complètes, afin d’être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d’informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes atteintes d’anxiété et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes de l’anxiété pathologique avec des explications complètes, afin d’être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d’informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes atteintes d’anxiété et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes des troubles bipolaires avec des explications complètes, afin d'être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d'informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes bipolaires et de leurs aidants.

Ce guide a pour objectif de présenter toutes les facettes de l’anxiété pathologique avec des explications complètes, afin d’être utile à toute personne souhaitant disposer de plus d’informations sur ce sujet. Il propose de mieuxconnaître, mieux comprendre et faciliter le quotidien des personnes atteintes d’anxiété et de leurs aidants.

Entre le XIIIe et le XVIe siècle, dans les régions de la Méditerranée occidentale, princes, grands seigneurs, prélats et hommes d’affaires ont aimé décorer richement l’intérieur de leurs demeures. Ils y ont fait entrer l’image, précurseurs d’une longue histoire des espaces domestiques. On redécouvre aujourd’hui, à la faveur de restaurations, le foisonnant décor des plafonds, plus rarement celui des murs. Ce sont des centaines, des milliers d’images inédites qui nous parviennent et révèlent un Moyen Âge profane presque inconnu. Parmi la luxuriance des corniches et moulures où s’enroulent des rubans ou s’épanouissent fleurs et feuillages, les planchettes glissées entre les solives ont reçu des peintures dont la variété thématique nous ouvre une nouvelle part de l’imaginaire de ces siècles. La rigueur du programme héraldique voisine avec un monde animal souvent fantastique, mais aussi domestique, familier, ou exotique. Ici et là, des saynètes montrent des personnages humains, au jeu, en fête, au travail (fort peu), ou au combat. Ici, la veine est raffinée, là, d’une truculence comique. Cet ouvrage parcourt, pour la première fois, toutes les régions méditerranéennes qui ont participé de ce goût pour les charpentes peintes, trace la chronologie de leur histoire, observe les traits communs de leur inspiration et fait ressortir les nuances : la Renaissance et l’Antique s’expriment en même temps que la drôlerie des fabliaux.

100% organic feeding will be compulsory at the end of 2020. This trial compares the performance of layers fed with 95% organic and 100% organic feeding. 100% organic feeding meets the layers needs while maintaining animal performance and egg quality. Also, no negative impact on hens’ welfare was observed. However, the cost of 100% organic feeding led to an increase in total feeding costs, so now the question; where will this supplement be found? This document can help farmers and feed producers to change feeding formulation from 95% to 100% organic. This tool is specific for organic hen producers and is relevant for all locations, particularly in the European Union where 100% organic feed is mandated by the end of 2020.

100% organic feeding will be compulsory at the end of 2020. This trial compares the performance of layers fed with 95% organic and 100% organic feeding. 100% organic feeding meets the layers needs while maintaining animal performance and egg quality. Also, no negative impact on hens’ welfare was observed. However, the cost of 100% organic feeding led to an increase in total feeding costs, so now the question; where will this supplement be found? This document can help farmers and feed producers to change feeding formulation from 95% to 100% organic. This tool is specific for organic hen producers and is relevant for all locations, particularly in the European Union where 100% organic feed is mandated by the end of 2020.

100% organic feeding will be compulsory at the end of 2020. This trial compares the performance of layers fed with 95% organic and 100% organic feeding. 100% organic feeding meets the layers needs while maintaining animal performance and egg quality. Also, no negative impact on hens’ welfare was observed. However, the cost of 100% organic feeding led to an increase in total feeding costs, so now the question; where will this supplement be found? This document can help farmers and feed producers to change feeding formulation from 95% to 100% organic. This tool is specific for organic hen producers and is relevant for all locations, particularly in the European Union where 100% organic feed is mandated by the end of 2020.

100% organic feeding will be compulsory at the end of 2020. This trial compares the performance of layers fed with 95% organic and 100% organic feeding. 100% organic feeding meets the layers needs while maintaining animal performance and egg quality. Also, no negative impact on hens’ welfare was observed. However, the cost of 100% organic feeding led to an increase in total feeding costs, so now the question; where will this supplement be found? This document can help farmers and feed producers to change feeding formulation from 95% to 100% organic. This tool is specific for organic hen producers and is relevant for all locations, particularly in the European Union where 100% organic feed is mandated by the end of 2020.

100% organic feeding will be compulsory at the end of 2020. This trial compares the performance of layers fed with 95% organic and 100% organic feeding. 100% organic feeding meets the layers needs while maintaining animal performance and egg quality. Also, no negative impact on hens’ welfare was observed. However, the cost of 100% organic feeding led to an increase in total feeding costs, so now the question; where will this supplement be found? This document can help farmers and feed producers to change feeding formulation from 95% to 100% organic. This tool is specific for organic hen producers and is relevant for all locations, particularly in the European Union where 100% organic feed is mandated by the end of 2020.

Philippe Nuss,1,2 Florian Ferreri,1 Michel Bourin31Department of Adult Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Sorbonne University, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; 2Inserm UMR_S938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; 3Department of Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University, Nantes, FranceAbstract: Treating the signs and symptoms of anxiety is an everyday challenge in clinical practice. When choosing between treatment options, anxiety needs to be understood in the situational, psychiatric, and biological context in which it arises. Etifoxine, a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug belonging to the benzoxazine class, is an effective treatment for anxiety in response to a stressful situation. In the present review, we focused on several aspects of the cerebral and somatic biological mechanisms involved in anxiety and investigated the extent to which etifoxine’s mode of action can explain its anxiolytic activity. Its two mechanisms of action are the modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission and neurosteroid synthesis. Recent data suggest that the molecule possesses neuroprotective, neuroplastic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Etifoxine was first shown to be an effective anxiolytic in patients in clinical studies comparing it with clobazam, sulpiride, and placebo. Randomized controlled studies have demonstrated its anxiolytic efficacy in patients with adjustment disorders (ADs) with anxiety, showing it to be superior to buspirone and comparable to lorazepam and phenazepam, with a greater number of markedly improved responders and a better therapeutic index. Etifoxine’s noninferiority to alprazolam has also been demonstrated in a comparative trial. Significantly less rebound anxiety was observed after abrupt cessation of etifoxine compared with lorazepam or alprazolam. Consistent with this finding, etifoxine appears to have a very low dependence potential. Unlike lorazepam

En esta contribución se estudia el asedio de Beaucaire (verano 1216), en el que Simon de Montfort, caudillo de la Cruzada Albigense, sufrió un importante fracaso que permitió el inicio de una progresiva reconquista occitana que se prolongaría hasta 1224. Este episodio militar se analiza en comparación con los otros asedios de la Cruzada.

Procédé dont l’utilité n’est plus à démontrer et qui est loin d’être récent, le recours croissant au project finance (ou « project financing ») dans l’économie contemporaine invite à le démystifier et à en présenter de manière simple et intelligible les contours. De fait, quoiqu’ayant connu un repli en raison de la crise financière et économique récente, le project finance continue d’être utilisé ou inspire les méthodes de réalisation de projets publics et privés dans des domaines divers et variés à travers la planète. Il s’agit donc d’une technique à vocation universelle dont l’usage et le développement gagneraient à quitter son cercle d’initiés. Cet ouvrage fournit la quintessence actuelle en français du project finance dans la mesure où la crise financière et économique précitée en a influencé certains aspects. Les dernières évolutions et adaptations en la matière sont en conséquence prises en compte dont notamment celles liées aux nouvelles exigences réglementaires applicables au secteur bancaire et dérivant particulièrement des accords dits « Bâle III » : - le rôle croissant des banques de développement et celui des marchés de capitaux (emprunts obligataires en tête) ; - les nouvelles approches en matière de syndication bancaire (« club deal ») ; - mais aussi les approches qui concernent la durée des financements (résurgence de la « mini perm » « soft » ou « hard »). Sont également prises en compte les exigences croissantes en matière environnementale et sociale et de respect des droits de l’homme.

Procédé dont l’utilité n’est plus à démontrer et qui est loin d’être récent, le recours croissant au project finance (ou « project financing ») dans l’économie contemporaine invite à le démystifier et à en présenter de manière simple et intelligible les contours. De fait, quoiqu’ayant connu un repli en raison de la crise financière et économique récente, le project finance continue d’être utilisé ou inspire les méthodes de réalisation de projets publics et privés dans des domaines divers et variés à travers la planète. Il s’agit donc d’une technique à vocation universelle dont l’usage et le développement gagneraient à quitter son cercle d’initiés. Cet ouvrage fournit la quintessence actuelle en français du project finance dans la mesure où la crise financière et économique précitée en a influencé certains aspects. Les dernières évolutions et adaptations en la matière sont en conséquence prises en compte dont notamment celles liées aux nouvelles exigences réglementaires applicables au secteur bancaire et dérivant particulièrement des accords dits « Bâle III » : - le rôle croissant des banques de développement et celui des marchés de capitaux (emprunts obligataires en tête) ; - les nouvelles approches en matière de syndication bancaire (« club deal ») ; - mais aussi les approches qui concernent la durée des financements (résurgence de la « mini perm » « soft » ou « hard »). Sont également prises en compte les exigences croissantes en matière environnementale et sociale et de respect des droits de l’homme.

The chemical contamination levels of both conventional and organic meats were assessed. The objective was to provide occurrence data in a context of chronic exposure. Environmental contaminants (17 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans, 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, 6 mycotoxins, 6 inorganic compounds) together with chemical residues arising from production inputs (75 antimicrobials, 10 coccidiostats and 121 pesticides) have been selected as relevant compounds. A dedicated sampling strategy, representative of the French production allowed quantification of a large sample set (n=266) including both conventional (n=139) and organic (n=127) raw meat from three animal species (bovine, porcine, poultry). While contamination levels below regulatory limits were measured in all the samples, significant differences were observed between both species and types of farming. Several environmental contaminants (Dioxins, PCBs, HBCD, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As) were measured at significantly higher levels in organic samples.

The chemical contamination levels of both conventional and organic meats were assessed. The objective was to provide occurrence data in a context of chronic exposure. Environmental contaminants (17 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans, 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, 6 mycotoxins, 6 inorganic compounds) together with chemical residues arising from production inputs (75 antimicrobials, 10 coccidiostats and 121 pesticides) have been selected as relevant compounds. A dedicated sampling strategy, representative of the French production allowed quantification of a large sample set (n=266) including both conventional (n=139) and organic (n=127) raw meat from three animal species (bovine, porcine, poultry). While contamination levels below regulatory limits were measured in all the samples, significant differences were observed between both species and types of farming. Several environmental contaminants (Dioxins, PCBs, HBCD, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As) were measured at significantly higher levels in organic samples.

La fin des dérogations au règlement européen de l’agriculture biologique (CEE 889/2008 – article 43) imposera le passage à une alimentation 100 % Bio en élevage de monogastriques au 1er janvier 2018. Afin d’éviter l’augmentation de l’utilisation de tourteau de soja importé dans les aliments, la recherche de sources de protéines alternatives est nécessaire. Dans cet objectif, le projet Avialim Bio visait à : i) identifier et caractériser des matières premières potentiellement riches en protéines ; ii) tester leur incorporation dans des aliments complets en station expérimentale et en élevage ; iii) étudier les conditions du développement des filières de production de six matières premières prometteuses (concentré protéique de luzerne, tourteau de chanvre, tourteau de sésame, ortie séchée, larves d’insectes, et crépidule). Les résultats du projet ont permis de dégager plusieurs pistes complémentaires : la nécessité d’améliorer la caractérisation nutritionnelle des matières premières et de leur variabilité, de diversifier les sources de protéines disponibles, de créer plusieurs filières de production de matières premières « nouvelles », et de développer en France des filières de production de matières premières classiques tracées et qualitatives.

La fin des dérogations au règlement européen de l’agriculture biologique (CEE 889/2008 – article 43) imposera le passage à une alimentation 100 % Bio en élevage de monogastriques au 1er janvier 2018. Afin d’éviter l’augmentation de l’utilisation de tourteau de soja importé dans les aliments, la recherche de sources de protéines alternatives est nécessaire. Dans cet objectif, le projet Avialim Bio visait à : i) identifier et caractériser des matières premières potentiellement riches en protéines ; ii) tester leur incorporation dans des aliments complets en station expérimentale et en élevage ; iii) étudier les conditions du développement des filières de production de six matières premières prometteuses (concentré protéique de luzerne, tourteau de chanvre, tourteau de sésame, ortie séchée, larves d’insectes, et crépidule). Les résultats du projet ont permis de dégager plusieurs pistes complémentaires : la nécessité d’améliorer la caractérisation nutritionnelle des matières premières et de leur variabilité, de diversifier les sources de protéines disponibles, de créer plusieurs filières de production de matières premières « nouvelles », et de développer en France des filières de production de matières premières classiques tracées et qualitatives.

The chemical contamination levels of both conventional and organic meats were assessed. The objective was to provide occurrence data in a context of chronic exposure. Environmental contaminants (17 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans, 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, 6 mycotoxins, 6 inorganic compounds) together with chemical residues arising from production inputs (75 antimicrobials, 10 coccidiostats and 121 pesticides) have been selected as relevant compounds. A dedicated sampling strategy, representative of the French production allowed quantification of a large sample set (n=266) including both conventional (n=139) and organic (n=127) raw meat from three animal species (bovine, porcine, poultry). While contamination levels below regulatory limits were measured in all the samples, significant differences were observed between both species and types of farming. Several environmental contaminants (Dioxins, PCBs, HBCD, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As) were measured at significantly higher levels in organic samples.

La fin des dérogations au règlement européen de l’agriculture biologique (CEE 889/2008 – article 43) imposera le passage à une alimentation 100 % Bio en élevage de monogastriques au 1er janvier 2018. Afin d’éviter l’augmentation de l’utilisation de tourteau de soja importé dans les aliments, la recherche de sources de protéines alternatives est nécessaire. Dans cet objectif, le projet Avialim Bio visait à : i) identifier et caractériser des matières premières potentiellement riches en protéines ; ii) tester leur incorporation dans des aliments complets en station expérimentale et en élevage ; iii) étudier les conditions du développement des filières de production de six matières premières prometteuses (concentré protéique de luzerne, tourteau de chanvre, tourteau de sésame, ortie séchée, larves d’insectes, et crépidule). Les résultats du projet ont permis de dégager plusieurs pistes complémentaires : la nécessité d’améliorer la caractérisation nutritionnelle des matières premières et de leur variabilité, de diversifier les sources de protéines disponibles, de créer plusieurs filières de production de matières premières « nouvelles », et de développer en France des filières de production de matières premières classiques tracées et qualitatives.

The chemical contamination levels of both conventional and organic meats were assessed. The objective was to provide occurrence data in a context of chronic exposure. Environmental contaminants (17 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans, 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, 6 mycotoxins, 6 inorganic compounds) together with chemical residues arising from production inputs (75 antimicrobials, 10 coccidiostats and 121 pesticides) have been selected as relevant compounds. A dedicated sampling strategy, representative of the French production allowed quantification of a large sample set (n=266) including both conventional (n=139) and organic (n=127) raw meat from three animal species (bovine, porcine, poultry). While contamination levels below regulatory limits were measured in all the samples, significant differences were observed between both species and types of farming. Several environmental contaminants (Dioxins, PCBs, HBCD, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As) were measured at significantly higher levels in organic samples.

La fin des dérogations au règlement européen de l’agriculture biologique (CEE 889/2008 – article 43) imposera le passage à une alimentation 100 % Bio en élevage de monogastriques au 1er janvier 2018. Afin d’éviter l’augmentation de l’utilisation de tourteau de soja importé dans les aliments, la recherche de sources de protéines alternatives est nécessaire. Dans cet objectif, le projet Avialim Bio visait à : i) identifier et caractériser des matières premières potentiellement riches en protéines ; ii) tester leur incorporation dans des aliments complets en station expérimentale et en élevage ; iii) étudier les conditions du développement des filières de production de six matières premières prometteuses (concentré protéique de luzerne, tourteau de chanvre, tourteau de sésame, ortie séchée, larves d’insectes, et crépidule). Les résultats du projet ont permis de dégager plusieurs pistes complémentaires : la nécessité d’améliorer la caractérisation nutritionnelle des matières premières et de leur variabilité, de diversifier les sources de protéines disponibles, de créer plusieurs filières de production de matières premières « nouvelles », et de développer en France des filières de production de matières premières classiques tracées et qualitatives.

The Medieval Review, (dlps) baj9928.0610.030, (tmr) 06.10.30, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

The Medieval Review, (dlps) baj9928.0610.030, (tmr) 06.10.30, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Procédé dont l’utilité n’est plus à démontrer et qui est loin d’être récent, le recours croissant au project finance (ou « project financing ») dans l’économie contemporaine invite à le démystifier et à en présenter de manière simple et intelligible les contours. De fait, quoiqu’ayant connu un repli en raison de la crise financière et économique récente, le project finance continue d’être utilisé ou inspire les méthodes de réalisation de projets publics et privés dans des domaines divers et variés à travers la planète. Il s’agit donc d’une technique à vocation universelle dont l’usage et le développement gagneraient à quitter son cercle d’initiés. Cet ouvrage fournit la quintessence actuelle en français du project finance dans la mesure où la crise financière et économique précitée en a influencé certains aspects. Les dernières évolutions et adaptations en la matière sont en conséquence prises en compte dont notamment celles liées aux nouvelles exigences réglementaires applicables au secteur bancaire et dérivant particulièrement des accords dits « Bâle III » : - le rôle croissant des banques de développement et celui des marchés de capitaux (emprunts obligataires en tête) ; - les nouvelles approches en matière de syndication bancaire (« club deal ») ; - mais aussi les approches qui concernent la durée des financements (résurgence de la « mini perm » « soft » ou « hard »). Sont également prises en compte les exigences croissantes en matière environnementale et sociale et de respect des droits de l’homme.

Procédé dont l’utilité n’est plus à démontrer et qui est loin d’être récent, le recours croissant au project finance (ou « project financing ») dans l’économie contemporaine invite à le démystifier et à en présenter de manière simple et intelligible les contours. De fait, quoiqu’ayant connu un repli en raison de la crise financière et économique récente, le project finance continue d’être utilisé ou inspire les méthodes de réalisation de projets publics et privés dans des domaines divers et variés à travers la planète. Il s’agit donc d’une technique à vocation universelle dont l’usage et le développement gagneraient à quitter son cercle d’initiés. Cet ouvrage fournit la quintessence actuelle en français du project finance dans la mesure où la crise financière et économique précitée en a influencé certains aspects. Les dernières évolutions et adaptations en la matière sont en conséquence prises en compte dont notamment celles liées aux nouvelles exigences réglementaires applicables au secteur bancaire et dérivant particulièrement des accords dits « Bâle III » : - le rôle croissant des banques de développement et celui des marchés de capitaux (emprunts obligataires en tête) ; - les nouvelles approches en matière de syndication bancaire (« club deal ») ; - mais aussi les approches qui concernent la durée des financements (résurgence de la « mini perm » « soft » ou « hard »). Sont également prises en compte les exigences croissantes en matière environnementale et sociale et de respect des droits de l’homme.