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We present a catalog of 150 variable stars, including 13 stars with exoplanet candidates. 37 stars were identified as variables for the first time. As a result of a 2.5-year photometric survey of exoplanets, we have obtained and analyzed light curves for almost 50 thousand stars in fields around white dwarfs WD 0009+501 and GRW +708247. Here we describe observations and data processing, the search for variable stars, their cross-identification with other catalogs and classification. The catalog is published in open access and contains the primary classification of variability, light curves and their parameters., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Here we present eight new candidates for exoplanets detected by the transit method at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Photometric observations were performed with a 50-cm robotic telescope during the second half of 2020. We detected transits with depths of $\Delta m = 0.056-0.173^m$ and periods $P = 18.8^h-8.3^d$ in the light curves of stars with magnitudes of $m = 14.3-18.8^m$. All considered stars are classified as dwarfs with radii of $R_* = 0.4-0.6 R_{sun}$ (with the uncertainty for one star up to $1.1 R_{sun}$). We estimated the candidate radii (all are greater than 1.4 times the Jovian radius), semi-major axes of their orbits ($0.012-0.035 AU$), and other orbital parameters by modelling. We report the light curves with transits for two stars obtained in 2022 based on individual observations., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables

We used the 0.5-m robotic telescopes located at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences for monitoring two square degrees of the sky with the aim of detecting new exoplanets. A dimming of the visible brightness is expected due to the exoplanets transiting their host stars. We analyzed about 25000 raw images of stars taken in the period between August 2020 and January 2021 and plotted the light curves for about 30000 stars on a half-year timescale. Five newly discovered exoplanet candidates are being investigated to determine their transit event parameters. We also present the light curves for dozens of binary stars., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

Незважаючи на істотне поширення простатитів у псів, наразі питання обґрунтування патогенетичних методів лікування є маловивченими, що є актуальним з теоретичної та практичної точки зору. При простатиті у собак спостерігається виражений цитокіновий дисбаланс, який проявляється зростанням рівня прозапальних компонентів цитокінової системи за одночасного зниження вмісту функціонального антагоніста IL-4. Встановлено, що гіперпродукція IL-1 і TNF, їх деструктивні ефекти в передміхуровій залозі, пов’язані з їх медіаторними властивостями як прозапальних цитокінів поглиблюються істотним зниженням концентрації оппозитного до нього IL-4, що засвідчує низькі можливості інгібування продукції прозапальних цитокінів у запальному вогнищі. Застосування введення аутологічної сироватки кордової крові призводить до різноспрямованих зрушень в цитокіновому профілі крові і свідчать про зниження експресії прозапальних і активації синтезу протизапальних цитокінів на десяту добу лікування, що в цілому обмежує прояв запальної реакції. Встановлено, що застосування введення гетерогенної сироватки кордової крові за простатитуу собак сприяє прискоренню корекції запальної реакції шляхом гальмування експресіі прозапальних і стимуляції синтезу протизапальних цитокінів., Despite the significant spread of prostatitis in males, today the questions of substantiation of pathogenetic methods of treatment are poorly understood, which is relevant from the theoretical and practical point of view. With prostatitis in dogs, a marked cytokine imbalance is observed, which is manifested by an increase in the level of proinflammatory components of the cytokine system, while a decrease in the content of the functional antagonist IL-4. It has been established that the hyperproduction of IL-1 and TNF, their destructive effects in the prostate gland associated with their mediator properties, as pro-inflammatory cytokines are exacerbated by a significant reduction in the concentration of the opposing IL-4, indicating low inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the inflammatory focus. Application of the introduction of autologous cord blood serum leads to multidirectional shifts in the cytokine blood profile and indicate a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory and activation of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines on the tenth day of treatment, which generally limits the manifestation of the inflammatory response. It has been established that the use of the introduction of heterogeneous cord blood serum in dogs with prostatitis promotes the acceleration of correction of the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory and stimulating the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines., Несмотря на существенное распространение простатитов у кобелей, на сегодняшний день вопросы обоснования патогенетических методов лечения являются малоизученными, что является актуальным с теоретической и практической точек зрения. При простатите у собак, наблюдается выраженный цитокиновый дисбаланс, который проявляется ростом уровня провоспалительных компонентов цитокиновой системы при одновременном снижении содержания функционального антагониста IL-4. Установлено, что гиперпродукция IL-1 и TNF, их деструктивные эффекты в предстательной железе, связанные с их медиаторными свойствами как провоспалительных цитокинов усугубляются существенным снижением концентрации оппозитного к нему IL-4, удостоверяющий низкие возможности ингибирования продукции провоспалительных цитокинов в воспалительном очаге. Применение введения аутологичной сыворотки кордовой крови приводит к разнонаправленным сдвигам в цитокиновом профиле крови и свидетельствуют о снижении экспрессии провоспалительных и активации синтеза противовоспалительных цитокинов на десятые сутки лечения, что в целом ограничивает проявление воспалительной реакции. Установлено, что применение введения гетерогенной сыворотки кордовой крови при простатите у собак способствует ускорению коррекции воспалительной реакции путем торможения экспрессии провоспалительных и стимуляции синтеза противовоспалительных цитокинов.

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray burst (GRB) physics . Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis , suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the Band function , consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux dominated at the central engine and probably in the emission region as well . There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component , suggesting a probable hybrid jet composition . Here, we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-ray and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each sub-burst being approximately 0.8 s, 35 s and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L ≈ 4 × 10 erg s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.

Розглядаються деякі напрями державної фінансової підтримки місцевих бюджетів у розвитку соціальної інфраструктури сіл України. Особлива увага звертається на більш чіткий розподіл податкових надходжень відповідно до соціальних стандартів для населення і пріоритетності фінансування окремих галузей соціальної інфраструктури., The paper deals with some directions of financial aid to the social infrastructure of the countryside. The main emphasis on the tax distribution is laid., Рассматриваются некоторые направления поддержки местных бюджетов для развития социальной инфраструктуры села. Особое внимание уделяется более четкому распределению налоговых поступлений в соответствии с социальными стандартами для населения и приоритетности финансирования отдельных отраслей социальной инфраструктуры.

Розглядаються деякі напрями державної фінансової підтримки місцевих бюджетів у розвитку соціальної інфраструктури сіл України. Особлива увага звертається на більш чіткий розподіл податкових надходжень відповідно до соціальних стандартів для населення і пріоритетності фінансування окремих галузей соціальної інфраструктури., The paper deals with some directions of financial aid to the social infrastructure of the countryside. The main emphasis on the tax distribution is laid., Рассматриваются некоторые направления поддержки местных бюджетов для развития социальной инфраструктуры села. Особое внимание уделяется более четкому распределению налоговых поступлений в соответствии с социальными стандартами для населения и приоритетности финансирования отдельных отраслей социальной инфраструктуры.

Розглядаються деякі напрями державної фінансової підтримки місцевих бюджетів у розвитку соціальної інфраструктури сіл України. Особлива увага звертається на більш чіткий розподіл податкових надходжень відповідно до соціальних стандартів для населення і пріоритетності фінансування окремих галузей соціальної інфраструктури., The paper deals with some directions of financial aid to the social infrastructure of the countryside. The main emphasis on the tax distribution is laid., Рассматриваются некоторые направления поддержки местных бюджетов для развития социальной инфраструктуры села. Особое внимание уделяется более четкому распределению налоговых поступлений в соответствии с социальными стандартами для населения и приоритетности финансирования отдельных отраслей социальной инфраструктуры.

Purpose. To substantiate the energy efficiency of various crop rotations as affected by a system of fertilization, energy removal with harvest and energy costs.Methods. The measure of energy efficiency of crop cultivation technology is the energy efficiency ratio, which expresses the ratio of the total energy content of the cultivated crop to the amount of non-renewable energy spent on its cultivation.Results. The research was carried out in the stationary experiment on typical leached chernozem in the zone of unstable wetting in six-course multivariate crop rotation: crop rotation (33% fodder crops, 17% row crops, 50% grain crops), row crop rotation (17% fodder crops, 50% row crops, 33% grain crops) and grain-row crop rotation (17% fodder crops, 33% row crops, 50% grain crops). The experiment has shown that against the background of 16.6 t/ha of manure + N53.3P53.3K53.3, the energy removal with the harvest in the link of crop rotation amounted to 319169 MJ, in the link of row crop rotation 292569, and in the link of grain-row crop rotation 301963 MJ, which was by 48, 44 and 48%, respectively, higher than the energy removal against the background without fertilization. The energy efficiency ratio (kee) had the highest value in grain-row crop rotation (4.39), while in the crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation 4.03 and 3.97, respectively. In fertilized crop rotation, the yield of energy from the crop was at the level of the organic-mineral fertilizer system in treatments of ploughing-in crop residues against the background of mineral fertilization. High fertilizer rates applied in grain-crop rotation increase the yield of energy removal with the crop. The reduction of fertilizer rates significantly reduces both the energy removal and the efficiency of energy.Conclusions. The highest yield of energy with the crop (319169 MJ) was recorded in crop rotation in the link of oat – winter wheat – sugar beet at the background of application of 16.6 t/ha of manure + N53.3P5, Цель. Обосновать энергетическую эффективность звена разноротационных севооборотов в зависимости от системы удобрения, выхода энергии с урожаем и энергетических затрат.Методы. Мерилом энергетической эффективности технологии выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур является коэффициент энергетической эффективности, который выражает отношение содержания общей энергии в выращиваемой продукции к количеству невозобновляемой энергии, затраченной на ее выращивание.Результаты. Приведены результаты исследований, проведенных в стационарном опыте на черноземах типичных выщелоченных в зоне неустойчивого увлажнения в шестипольных разноротационных севооборотах: плодосменом (33 % кормовых, 17 % пропашных, 50 % зерновых), пропашном (17 % кормовых, 50 % пропашных, 33 % зерновых) и зерно-пропашном (17 % кормовых, 33 % пропашных, 50 % зерновых). Исследования в разноротационных севооборотах показали, что на фоне 16,6 т/га навоза + N53,3P53,3K53,3 выход энергии с урожаем в звене плодосменного севооборота достигал 319169 МДж, в пропашном – 292569, зерно-пропашном – 301963 МДж, что на 48, 44 и 48 % соответственно превышает показатели неудобренного фона. Коэффициент энергетической эффективности (Кее) был наивысшим в зерно-пропашном севообороте– 4,39, тогда как в плодосменном и пропашном – 4,03 и 3,97 соответственно. В плодосменном севообороте на вариантах запахивания пожнивных остатков всех культур на фоне внесения минеральных удобрений выход энергии с урожаем был на уровне органо-минеральной системы удобрения. Высокие нормы удобрений примененные в зерно-пропашном севообороте повышают выход энергии с урожаем. Снижение нормы удобрений существенно уменьшает как выход энергии с урожаем, так и коэффициент энергетической эффективности.Выводы. Самый высокий выход энергии с урожаем (319169 МДж) зафиксировано в плодосменном севообороте в звене вико-овес – озимая пшеница – сахарная свекла на фоне применения 16,6 т/га навоза + N53,3P53,3K53,3. Запахивание в плодосменном севообороте пожнивных остатков, Мета. Обґрунтувати енергетичну ефективність ланки різноротаційних сівозмін залежно від системи удобрення, виходу енергії з урожаєм та енергетичних затрат.Методи. Мірилом енергетичної ефективності технології вирощування сільськогосподарських культур є коефіцієнт енергетичної ефективності, який виражає відношення вмісту загальної енергії у вирощуваній продукції до кількості непоновлювальної енергії витраченої на її вирощування.Результати. Наведено результати досліджень, які проводили в стаціонарному досліді на чорноземах типових вилугуваних у зоні нестійкого зволоження в шестипільних різноротаційних сівозмінах: плодозміній (33 % кормових, 17 % просапних, 50 % зернових), просапній (17 % кормових, 50 % просапних, 33 % зернових) та зерно-просапній (17 % кормових, 33% просапних, 50 % зернових). Дослідження у різноротаційних сівозмінах виявили, що на фоні 16,6 т/га гною + N53,3P53,3K53,3 вихід енергії з урожаєм у ланці плодозмінної сівозміни досягав 319169 МДж, у просапній – 292569, зерно-просапній – 301963 МДж, що на 48, 44 та 48 % відповідно перевищує показники неудобреного фону. Коефіцієнт енергетичної ефективності (Кее) був найвищим у зерно-просапній сівозміні – 4,39, тоді як у плодозмінній і просапній – 4,03 і 3,97 відповідно. У плодозмінній сівозміні на варіантах заорювання післяжнивних решток усіх культур на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив вихід енергії з урожаєм був на рівні органо-мінеральної системи удобрення. Високі норми добрив застосовані у зерно-просапній сівозміні підвищують вихід енергії з урожаєм. Зниження норми добрив істотно зменшує як вихід енергії з урожаєм, так і коефіцієнт енергетичної ефективності. Висновки. Найвищий вихід енергії з урожаєм (319169 МДж) зафіксовано у плодозмінній сівозміні в ланці вико-овес – озима пшениця – цукровий буряк на фоні застосування 16,6 т/га гною + N53,3P53,3K53,3. Заорювання у плодозмінній сівозміні післяжнивних решток усіх культур на фоні мінеральної системи забезпечує вихід енергії з урожаєм 303534 МДж за Кее 4,06, щ

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet., Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronomy

Here we report on the results of meteor observations with 9-channel Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) wide-field optical monitoring system with high temporal resolution. During first 1.5 years of operation more than 90 thousands of meteors have been detected, at a rate of 300-350 per night, with durations from 0.1 to 2.5 seconds and angular velocities up to 38 degrees per second. The faintest detected meteors has the peak brightness about 10 mag, while the majority - from 4 to 8 mag. Some of the meteors have been observed in BVR filters simultaneously. Color variations along the trail for them are determined. All parameters of detected meteors are published online. The database also includes the information on 10 thousands meteors detected by our previous FAVOR camera in 2006-2009 years., Comment: To appear in "Fourth Workshop on Robotic Autonomous Observatories" Proceedings

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet., Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronomy

Here we report on the results of meteor observations with 9-channel Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) wide-field optical monitoring system with high temporal resolution. During first 1.5 years of operation more than 90 thousands of meteors have been detected, at a rate of 300-350 per night, with durations from 0.1 to 2.5 seconds and angular velocities up to 38 degrees per second. The faintest detected meteors has the peak brightness about 10 mag, while the majority - from 4 to 8 mag. Some of the meteors have been observed in BVR filters simultaneously. Color variations along the trail for them are determined. All parameters of detected meteors are published online. The database also includes the information on 10 thousands meteors detected by our previous FAVOR camera in 2006-2009 years., Comment: To appear in "Fourth Workshop on Robotic Autonomous Observatories" Proceedings

We propose an improved method for the atmospheric extinction reduction within optical photometry. Our method is based on the simultaneous multicolor observations of photometric standards. Such data are now available within the modern wide-field sky surveys and contain a large amount of information about instant atmospheric conditions. So, it became possible to estimate the extinction parameters on the basis of a quite short observational dataset and, hence, to trace the rapid stars twinkling accurately. Having been developed for a new MiniMegaTORTORA observational system, the proposed method can be adopted for a wide range of modern observational programs., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

This article analyses the academic curriculum and program of specialty “Nursing”, concerning the development of nurse’s competence in palliative care., У статті здійснено аналіз навчального плану і програм спеціальності «Сестринська справа» з позицій формування у майбутніх медичних сестер компетенцій з паліативної медицини.

We propose an improved method for the atmospheric extinction reduction within optical photometry. Our method is based on the simultaneous multicolor observations of photometric standards. Such data are now available within the modern wide-field sky surveys and contain a large amount of information about instant atmospheric conditions. So, it became possible to estimate the extinction parameters on the basis of a quite short observational dataset and, hence, to trace the rapid stars twinkling accurately. Having been developed for a new MiniMegaTORTORA observational system, the proposed method can be adopted for a wide range of modern observational programs., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Here we describe the first light of the novel 9-channel wide-field optical monitoring system with sub-second temporal resolution, Mini-MegaTORTORA, which is being tested now at Special Astrophysical Observatory on Russian Caucasus. The system is able to observe the sky simultaneously in either wide (~900 square degrees) or narrow (~100 square degrees) fields of view, either in clear light or with any combination of color (Johnson B, V or R) polarimetric filters installed, with exposure times ranging from 100 ms to 100 s. The primary goal of the system is the detection of rapid -- with sub-second characteristic time-scales -- optical transients, but it may be also used for studying the variability of the sky objects on longer time scales., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, based on the talk presented on "Modern stellar astronomy-2014" (Rostov-on-Don)

Here we describe the first light of the novel 9-channel wide-field optical monitoring system with sub-second temporal resolution, Mini-MegaTORTORA, which is being tested now at Special Astrophysical Observatory on Russian Caucasus. The system is able to observe the sky simultaneously in either wide (~900 square degrees) or narrow (~100 square degrees) fields of view, either in clear light or with any combination of color (Johnson B, V or R) polarimetric filters installed, with exposure times ranging from 100 ms to 100 s. The primary goal of the system is the detection of rapid -- with sub-second characteristic time-scales -- optical transients, but it may be also used for studying the variability of the sky objects on longer time scales., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, based on the talk presented on "Modern stellar astronomy-2014" (Rostov-on-Don)

We present the observed/intrinsic optical parameters and the variability analysis of the Naked-Eye Burst, GRB 080319B, observed by the TORTORA wide-field optical monitoring system. The event is extreme not only in observed properties but also intrinsically: it is the most luminous event ever recorded at optical wavelengths. The temporal properties suggest short-lived periodic activities of the internal engine. This is the fastest optically variable source detected at cosmological distances., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceeding of the "Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Burst, Recent Developments and Future Directions" conference, Egypt, March 30 - April 4, 2009

We imaged the position of the Naked-Eye Burst, GRB080319B, before, during and after its gamma-ray activity with sub-second temporal resolution and discovered the fast variability of its prompt optical emission. Its characteristics and similarity with properties of gamma emission temporal structure suggest that it reflects the behaviour of internal engine -- supposedly, a hyperaccreting solar-mass black hole formed in the collapse of a massive stellar core., Comment: Submitted to Science; please note that this manuscript is subject to press embargo

We present the observed/intrinsic optical parameters and the variability analysis of the Naked-Eye Burst, GRB 080319B, observed by the TORTORA wide-field optical monitoring system. The event is extreme not only in observed properties but also intrinsically: it is the most luminous event ever recorded at optical wavelengths. The temporal properties suggest short-lived periodic activities of the internal engine. This is the fastest optically variable source detected at cosmological distances., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceeding of the "Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Burst, Recent Developments and Future Directions" conference, Egypt, March 30 - April 4, 2009

We imaged the position of the Naked-Eye Burst, GRB080319B, before, during and after its gamma-ray activity with sub-second temporal resolution and discovered the fast variability of its prompt optical emission. Its characteristics and similarity with properties of gamma emission temporal structure suggest that it reflects the behaviour of internal engine -- supposedly, a hyperaccreting solar-mass black hole formed in the collapse of a massive stellar core., Comment: Submitted to Science; please note that this manuscript is subject to press embargo

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and so provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of a massive star. Over the last forty years, our understanding of the GRB phenomenon has progressed dramatically; nevertheless, fortuitous circumstances occasionally arise that provide access to a regime not yet probed. GRB 080319B presented such an opportunity, with extraordinarily bright prompt optical emission that peaked at a visual magnitude of 5.3, making it briefly visible with the naked eye. It was captured in exquisite detail by wide-field telescopes, imaging the burst location from before the time of the explosion. The combination of these unique optical data with simultaneous gamma-ray observations provides powerful diagnostics of the detailed physics of this explosion within seconds of its formation. Here we show that the prompt optical and gamma-ray emissions from this event likely arise from different spectral components within the same physical region located at a large distance from the source, implying an extremely relativistic outflow. The chromatic behaviour of the broadband afterglow is consistent with viewing the GRB down the very narrow inner core of a two-component jet that is expanding into a wind-like environment consistent with the massive star origin of long GRBs. These circumstances can explain the extreme properties of this GRB., Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Nature May 11, 2008

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and so provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of a massive star. Over the last forty years, our understanding of the GRB phenomenon has progressed dramatically; nevertheless, fortuitous circumstances occasionally arise that provide access to a regime not yet probed. GRB 080319B presented such an opportunity, with extraordinarily bright prompt optical emission that peaked at a visual magnitude of 5.3, making it briefly visible with the naked eye. It was captured in exquisite detail by wide-field telescopes, imaging the burst location from before the time of the explosion. The combination of these unique optical data with simultaneous gamma-ray observations provides powerful diagnostics of the detailed physics of this explosion within seconds of its formation. Here we show that the prompt optical and gamma-ray emissions from this event likely arise from different spectral components within the same physical region located at a large distance from the source, implying an extremely relativistic outflow. The chromatic behaviour of the broadband afterglow is consistent with viewing the GRB down the very narrow inner core of a two-component jet that is expanding into a wind-like environment consistent with the massive star origin of long GRBs. These circumstances can explain the extreme properties of this GRB., Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Nature May 11, 2008

Long-duration c-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and soprovide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of massive stars. Previous early opticalobservations of even the most exceptional GRBs (990123 and 030329) lacked both the temporal resolution to probe theoptical flash in detail and the accuracy needed to trace the transition from the prompt emission within the outflowto externalshocks caused by interaction with the progenitor environment. Here we report observations of the extraordinarily brightprompt optical and c-ray emission of GRB 080319B that provide diagnostics within seconds of its formation, followed bybroadband observations of the afterglow decay that continued for weeks. We show that the prompt emission stems from asingle physical region, implying an extremely relativistic outflow that propagates within the narrow inner core of atwo-component jet.

An astronomical complex intended to detect optical transients (OTs) in a wide field and follow them up with high time resolution investigation is described., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendre

The wide field optical camera with high temporal resolution for the continuous monitoring of the sky in order to catch the initial stages of GRBs is described., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendre

An astronomical complex intended to detect optical transients (OTs) in a wide field and follow them up with high time resolution investigation is described., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendre

The wide field optical camera with high temporal resolution for the continuous monitoring of the sky in order to catch the initial stages of GRBs is described., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendre

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.We describe the properties of Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) nine-channel wide-field optical sky monitoring system with subsecond temporal resolution. This instrument can observe sky areas as large as 900 deg2, perform photometry in three filters close to Johnson BV R system and polarimetry of selected objects or areas with 100–300 deg2 sizes. The limiting magnitude of the system is up to V = 11m for 0.1 s temporal resolution, and reaches V = 15m in minute-long exposures. The system is equipped with a powerful computing facility and dedicated software pipeline allowing it to perform automatic detection, real-time classification, and investigation of transient events of different nature located both in the near- Earth space and at extragalactic distances. The objects routinely detected by MMT-9 include faint meteors and artificial Earth satellites.We discuss astronomical tasks that can be solved using MMT-9, and present the results of the first two years of its operation. In particular, we report the parameters of the optical flare detected on June 25, 2016, which accompanied the gamma-ray burst GRB160625B.

We performed new observations of an ultra-fast rotator of the spectral class K - the LO Peg star - in SAO RAS in 2014 and in Zvenigorod Observatory of INASAN in 2015. The light curves were used to build the maps of temperature inhomogeneities on the LO Peg surface in order to determine the longitudes corresponding to the location of active regions. The obtained measurements suggest the ongoing evolution of movements of active regions and probably the cyclic character of such movements. According to our estimations, the area of the star surface covered with spots decreases and by now it reached 14% of the total visible area of its surface. New observations of the star in V filter allowed us to specify LO Peg long-term variability cycles. Based on spectropolarimetric observations of LO Peg the null result for measurements of mean longitudinal component of magnetic field is obtained.

Here we briefly summarize our long period experience of constructing and operating wide-field monitoring cameras with sub-second temporal resolution to look for optical components of GRBs, fast-moving satellites and meteors. General requirements for hardware for such systems are discussed along with algorithms of real-time detection and classification of various kinds of short optical transients. We also give a status report on the next generation, multi-objective and transforming monitoring system, the MegaTORTORA, whose 6-channel (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Spain) and 9-channel prototypes (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Kazan) we are building now at SAO RAS. This system combines a wide field of view with subsecond temporal resolution in monitoring regime, and is able to reconfigure itself, in a fractions of second, to follow-up mode which has better sensitivity and provides us with multi-color and polarimetric information on detected transients simultaneously. © EAS, EDP Sciences 2013.

Here we briefly summarize our long-term experience of constructing and operating wide-field monitoring cameras with sub-second temporal resolution to look for optical components of GRBs, fast-moving satellites and meteors. The general hardware requirements for these systems are discussed, along with algorithms for real-time detection and classification of various kinds of short optical transients. We also give a status report on the next generation, the MegaTORTORA multi-objective and transforming monitoring system, whose 6-channel (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Spain) and 9-channel prototypes (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Kazan) we have been building at SAO RAS. This system combines a wide field of view with subsecond temporal resolution in monitoring regime, and is able, within fractions of a second, to reconfigure itself to follow-up mode, which has better sensitivity and simultaneously provides multi-color and polarimetric information on detected transients. © Czech Technical University in Prague, 2013.

We report on a multi-objective and transforming 9-channel monitoring system, the Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9). This system combines a wide field of view with a subsecond temporal resolution in the monitoring regime, and is able to recofingure itself, in fractions of a second, to a follow up mode which has better sensitivity and provides us with multi-color and polarimetric information on detected transients simultaneously.

Here we give a status report on the next generation, multi-objective and transforming monitoring system, MiniMegaTORTORA, with two variants (MMT-6 based on image intensifiers with fast CCDs and MMT-9 equipped with Andor Neo sCMOSes) now under construction and commissioning at SAO RAS. This system combines a wide field of view with subsecond temporal resolution in monitoring regime, and is able to reconfigure itself, in a fractions of second, to follow-up mode which has better sensitifity and provides us with multi-color and polarimetric information on detected transients simultaneously. Hardware and software solutions used for the systems, as well as perspectives of its operation, are also discussed.

The possibility of using multi-objective optical telescopes equipped with detectors with high time resolution is studied. Two types of instruments with six and nine channels are considered here, which include the standard high-aperture objectives with small diameters, panoramic detectors with high time resolution, and equatorial mounts. The instruments function in two regimes, the monitoring mode and the follow-up mode in which all objectives observe one field with a rapidly moving celestial object detected by monitoring. Using the FAVOR and TORTORA cameras moving satellites and meteors of 9-10 stellar magnitudes in brightness were registered. The positive experience acquired from the exploitation of the FAVOR and TORTORA systems led to awareness of the need to further develop the wide-field technique to search for fast optical transients. The main result of the realization of the project will be the construction of a new type of instrument to discover and study rapidly variable optical sources with a priori unknown location.

We propose an improved method for the atmospheric extinction reduction within optical photometry. Our method is based on the simultaneous multicolor observations of photometric standards. Such data are now available within the modern wide-field sky surveys and contain a large amount of information about instant atmospheric conditions. So, it became possible to estimate the extinction parameters on the basis of a quite short observational dataset and, hence, to trace the rapid stars twinkling accurately. Having been developed for a new MiniMegaTORTORa observational system, the proposed method can be adopted for a wide range of modern observational programs.

Here we present the summary of first years of operation and the first results of a novel 9-channel wide-field optical monitoring system with sub-second temporal resolution, Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9), which is in operation now at Special Astrophysical Observatory on Russian Caucasus. The system is able to observe the sky simultaneously in either wide (900 square degrees) or narrow (100 square degrees) fields of view, either in clear light or with any combination of color (Johnson-Cousins B, V or R) and p olarimetric filters installed, with exposure times ranging from 0.1 s to hundreds of seconds. The real-time system data analysis pipeline performs automatic detection of rapid transient events, both near-Earth and extragalactic. The objects routinely detected by MMT also include faint meteors and artificial satellites.

Here we present the summary of first years of operation and the first results of a novel 9-channel wide-field optical monitoring system with sub-second temporal resolution, Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9), which is in operation now at Special Astrophysical Observatory on Russian Caucasus. The system is able to observe the sky simultaneously in either wide (900 square degrees) or narrow (100 square degrees) fields of view, either in clear light or with any combination of color (Johnson-Cousins B, V or R) and p olarimetric filters installed, with exposure times ranging from 0.1 s to hundreds of seconds. The real-time system data analysis pipeline performs automatic detection of rapid transient events, both near-Earth and extragalactic. The objects routinely detected by MMT also include faint meteors and artificial satellites.

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.We describe the properties of Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) nine-channel wide-field optical sky monitoring system with subsecond temporal resolution. This instrument can observe sky areas as large as 900 deg2, perform photometry in three filters close to Johnson BV R system and polarimetry of selected objects or areas with 100–300 deg2 sizes. The limiting magnitude of the system is up to V = 11m for 0.1 s temporal resolution, and reaches V = 15m in minute-long exposures. The system is equipped with a powerful computing facility and dedicated software pipeline allowing it to perform automatic detection, real-time classification, and investigation of transient events of different nature located both in the near- Earth space and at extragalactic distances. The objects routinely detected by MMT-9 include faint meteors and artificial Earth satellites.We discuss astronomical tasks that can be solved using MMT-9, and present the results of the first two years of its operation. In particular, we report the parameters of the optical flare detected on June 25, 2016, which accompanied the gamma-ray burst GRB160625B.

We performed new observations of an ultra-fast rotator of the spectral class K - the LO Peg star - in SAO RAS in 2014 and in Zvenigorod Observatory of INASAN in 2015. The light curves were used to build the maps of temperature inhomogeneities on the LO Peg surface in order to determine the longitudes corresponding to the location of active regions. The obtained measurements suggest the ongoing evolution of movements of active regions and probably the cyclic character of such movements. According to our estimations, the area of the star surface covered with spots decreases and by now it reached 14% of the total visible area of its surface. New observations of the star in V filter allowed us to specify LO Peg long-term variability cycles. Based on spectropolarimetric observations of LO Peg the null result for measurements of mean longitudinal component of magnetic field is obtained.

We propose an improved method for the atmospheric extinction reduction within optical photometry. Our method is based on the simultaneous multicolor observations of photometric standards. Such data are now available within the modern wide-field sky surveys and contain a large amount of information about instant atmospheric conditions. So, it became possible to estimate the extinction parameters on the basis of a quite short observational dataset and, hence, to trace the rapid stars twinkling accurately. Having been developed for a new MiniMegaTORTORa observational system, the proposed method can be adopted for a wide range of modern observational programs.