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Autor u ovom članku obrađuje problem kriza vjere nekada i danas te uzroka i mogućih rješenja tih kriza koje je kršćanstvo ponudilo u svom povijesnom hodu. Nakon što je protumačio da se pod krizama vjere podrazumijevaju poremećaji u životu pojedinca ili zajednice, istaknuo je da postoje unutarnji i vanjski uzroci kriza vjere. Potom se je osvrnuo na nekoliko najtipičnijih situacija koje su uzrokovale krize vjere tijekom povijesti Crkve. Krivovjerja su bila najveće ugroze vjere iznutra, a progoni vjernika i Crkve u prvim stoljećima predstavljali su izvanjske napade na vjeru globalnih razmjera, a napose progoni od polovice 3. stoljeća. Kao ilustraciju iznio je osvrt sv. Ciprijana, koji je istaknuo da krize vjere u Crkvi mogu nastati uslijed napada izvana, ali je još gore ako nastanu uslijed nejedinstva i raskola koji zahvaćaju Crkvu iznutra. No, osim krivovjerja i raskola, vjeru je iznutra rastakao i grijeh i grešan život mnogih vjernika, što je dovodilo u krizu druge vjernike na koje je grijeh djelovao sablažnjivo. Autor je mišljenja da se krize vjere događaju uvijek iznutra, odnosno kada duša napušta Boga kao svoj temelj, pa i onda kada im impuls dolazi izvana. S druge pak strane, istaknuo je da Sveto pismo često stavlja pred oči vjeru koja dovodi do krize, ali krize shvaćene kao izbor, razlučivanje, izabiranje i odluka. Takvim se krizama služio Isus u svome djelovanju i navještaju, a vidljive su i u mnogim događajima Starog zavjeta. No Isusu tim krizama nije želio dovesti do nevjere ili bezboštva, već naprotiv, izgraditi vjernike za autentičnu, osobnu i čvrstu vjeru. Autor je mišljenja da bi to trebao biti put nadilaska i krize vjere našeg vremena, koja se ne može nadići samo obnovom ili promjenom struktura nego obnovom izravnog i živog zajedništva sa živim Bogom., This article delves into the issue of religious crises, both in the past and present. The author explores the causes of these crises and how Christianity historically provided solutions. The author points out that crises of faith can disrupt the lives of individuals and communities, and there are both internal and external factors that can contribute to them. Throughout history, heresies and persecutions have been the most significant threats to faith. The article highlights the persecution of believers and the Church in the first centuries, particularly in mid-3rd century, as an example of external attacks on Christianity. The author also discusses the example of St Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage, and the impact of the persecutions on the believers’ faith. Cyprian emphasizes that, while external attacks can cause crises of faith, disunity and schism within the Church can be even more damaging. It seems that when the faith was challenged by heresy and schism, it also faced an internal threat from sin and the sinful behaviour of believers. This caused a crisis for those who were vulnerable to the temptation of sin or scandalized by sinners. The author asserts this crisis was rooted either in a devia tion from God or a complete rejection of Him, which allowed for an ungodly lifestyle. The author also suggests that these crises always originate from within, where the soul abandons its foundation in God, even if the initial impulse comes from external sources. When individuals or groups of believers lose their connection to God, they inevitably experience a crisis that can lead to spiritual death. This serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of staying connected to God and living a life that is pleasing to Him. Interestingly, while the Holy Scriptures may present faith as a path that leads to a crisis, in this case, the crisis is interpreted as a choice, a discernment, a selection, a decision, and not a rupture. Jesus used these crisis moments in his deeds and

Autor u ovom radu najprije ističe da je u povijesti istraživanja monaškoga života i duhovnosti u ranome kršćanstvu krjepost poslušnosti ostala izvan fokusa. Zato svoje istraživanje uvodi tumačeći teološko značenje ove krjeposti u kontekstu ranokršćanskog asketizma i monaštva. Potom prelazi na propitivanje ove krjeposti u konkretnom povijesnom kontekstu monaških inicijativa u zapadnome kršćanstvu od 4. do 6. stoljeća. U tom smislu najprije istražuje značenje ove krjeposti za sv. Jeronima, potom za sv. Augustina i naposljetku za sv. Benedikta. S obzirom na sv. Jeronima i njegov pristup monaštvu, istaknuo je da je Jeronim preferirao zajednički život preporučujući ga kao pouzdaniji jer pretpostavlja posluh starijima. Sveti Augustin pak kao autor najstarijeg monaškog pravila na Zapadu definira posluh i jednim poglavljem svoga Pravila. I premda ne ulazi u detalje, ipak je očit napredak da je Hiponac Pravilom istaknuo posluh kao nezaobilaznu krjepost monaškoga života. Kao krunu ovoga procesa autor ističe značenje sv. Benedikta i njegova Pravila u kojem posluh ima svoje mjesto kao jedna od najznačajnijih krjeposti. A za kraj donosi završni uvid u pristup posluhu od vremena sv. Jeronima do vremena sv. Benedikta, jasno dokazujući da su upravo ova trojica promicatelja monaštva na Zapadu uložili veliki napor u afirmaciji poslušnosti za monaški život., In this paper the author first points out that in the history of research into monastic life and spirituality in early Christianity, the virtue of obedience remained out of focus. That is why he introduces this research by interpreting the theological meaning of this virtue in the context of early Christian asceticism and monasticism. Then he moves on to the analysis of this virtue in the concrete historical context of monastic initiatives in Western Christianity from the 4th to the 6th century. In this sense, he first explores the meaning of this virtue for St. Jerome, then for St. Augustine and finally for St. Benedict. Regarding St. Jerome and his approach to monasticism, he points out that Jerome preferred communal life, recommending it as more reliable because it assumes obedience to elders. Saint Augustine, on the other hand, as the author of the oldest monastic rule in the West, defines obedience in one chapter of his Rule. And although he does not go into details, it is still an obvious progress that, by his Rule, Bishop of Hippo emphasized obedience as an indispensable virtue of monastic life. As the crown of this process, the author emphasizes the importance of St. Benedict and his Rule in which obedience has its place as one of the most important virtues. And lastly, he brings a final view on the approach to obedience from the time of St. Jerome until the time of St. Benedict, clearly proving that it was these three promoters of monasticism in the West who made a great effort in affirming obedience for the monastic life.

Autori u ovom radu, analizirajući slučaj Sherri Finkbine, majke koja je 1962. napravila pobačaj svoga djeteta, nastoje u svjetlu nauka svetoga Tome Akvinskog dati odgovore na pobačaj kao jedno od gorućih kontroverznih pitanja današnjice. Sam rad je podijeljen u tri poglavlja. U prvom uvodnom poglavlju autori najprije opisuju sam slučaj iznoseći činjenice i okolnosti u kojima se dogodio pobačaj pred očima javnosti. Nakon toga u drugom poglavlju prave moralnu raščlambu njezina čina u svjetlu tomističkog nauka, pogotovo zato što se u nekim krugovima od šezdesetih godina naovamo smatralo da je nauk svetoga Tome o stanju embrija mogao ići njoj u prilog. U tom smislu propitali su slučaj iz biološke, pravne i sociološke perspektive, ukazujući na ćudoredni nauk sv. Tome pri svakoj od navedenih stavki. Naposljetku u trećem poglavlju daju završnu teološku sintezu cijelog slučaja naglašjući, u svjetlu tomističke moralne teologije, da je Sherri pogriješila u prosudbi svoje savjesti, te time pogriješila u svom ćudorednom izboru, bez obzira na liječnike i javno mnijenje koje ju je podupiralo., By analyzing the case of Sherri Finkbine, a mother who had an abortion in 1962, the authors of this paper seek to answer some abortion-related questions in the light of the ethical teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas, as the abortion debate presents one of today’s most pressing controversial issues. The paper is divided into three parts. In the introductory part, the authors first describe the case itself by presenting the facts as well as the circumstances in which the abortion took place before the eyes of the public. Furthermore, in the second part, the authors make a moral analysis of Finkbine’s act in the light of Thomistic teaching, especially due to the fact that, in certain circles from the 1960s onwards, it was believed that St. Thomas’ teaching on the state of the embryo could work to Finkbine’s advantage. In that sense, the authors analyze the case through a biological, legal and sociological perspective, pointing to the Thomistic moral doctrine at each of the mentioned views. Lastly, the third part provides a final theological synthesis of the whole case, putting a strong emphasis, in the light of Thomistic teaching, on the fact that Sherri made a grave error in judgment of her own conscience and thus erred in her moral choices, regardless of the doctors and public opinion that supported her choice.

Autor se u ovom istraživanju u trima cjelinama bavi promjenom paradigme u kasnoantičkom svijetu u poimanju bolesti. Najprije će istražiti pristup bolesti u antici i kasnoj antici kada su dominirala dva osnovna pristupa: medicinski i religijski (poganski, mitološki). U drugoj cjelini bavi se teorijama o uzrocima bolesti, pri čemu je imao potrebu istaknuti tri temeljna načina njihova tumačenja: filozofski, medicinski i religijski. Posljednje poglavlje posvetio je istraživanju kršćanskoga stava prema bolesti, prateći tekstove i svjedočanstva svetih otaca u prvih nekoliko stoljeća. Svoje tvrdnje rasporedio je u tri dijela: najprije je pokušao odgovoriti na pitanje što je bolest i koji su joj uzroci iz kršćanske perspektive, potom je nastojao definirati ulogu Boga u liječenju bolesti, a naposljetku je istaknuo ulogu Krista kao liječnika prema poimanju u ranokršćanskoj teologiji. Glavni je autorov zaključak da su kršćani napravili najveću promjenu paradigme i životnih stavova prema medicini zahvaljujući drukčijem poimanju Boga, a sve što je bilo u skladu s njihovom svijesti o Bogu ostalo je nepromijenjeno. Upravo zato nisu osporili ni filozofiju ni medicinu kao znanost, premda su napravili određene zaokrete i unijeli novosti., The author of this research, in three units, deals with the change of paradigm in the world of late antiquity in understanding illness. First, he examined illness in antiquity and late antiquity, which were dominated by two basic approaches: medical and religious (pagan, mythological). The second chapter deals with theories regarding the causes of illness, where the author highlights three fundamental ways of their interpretation: philosophical, medical, and religious. The last chapter is dedicated to studying the Christian attitude toward illness, following the texts and testimonies of the holy fathers in the first few centuries. The author arranged his claims in three parts: first, he tried to answer the question of what illness is and what are its causes from a Christian perspective; then, he tried to define the role of God in treating illness; and finally, he emphasized the role of Christ as a physician as understood in early Christian theology. The author’s main conclusion is that Christians made the biggest change in paradigm and life attitudes toward medicine thanks to a different notion of God, and everything that was in accordance with their awareness of God remained unchanged. That is why they did not challenge philosophy or medicine as a science, although they made certain shifts and introduced innovations.

Autori u ovom radu, analizirajući slučaj Sherri Finkbine, majke koja je 1962. napravila pobačaj svoga djeteta, nastoje u svjetlu nauka svetoga Tome Akvinskog dati odgovore na pobačaj kao jedno od gorućih kontroverznih pitanja današnjice. Sam rad je podijeljen u tri poglavlja. U prvom uvodnom poglavlju autori najprije opisuju sam slučaj iznoseći činjenice i okolnosti u kojima se dogodio pobačaj pred očima javnosti. Nakon toga u drugom poglavlju prave moralnu raščlambu njezina čina u svjetlu tomističkog nauka, pogotovo zato što se u nekim krugovima od šezdesetih godina naovamo smatralo da je nauk svetoga Tome o stanju embrija mogao ići njoj u prilog. U tom smislu propitali su slučaj iz biološke, pravne i sociološke perspektive, ukazujući na ćudoredni nauk sv. Tome pri svakoj od navedenih stavki. Naposljetku u trećem poglavlju daju završnu teološku sintezu cijelog slučaja naglašjući, u svjetlu tomističke moralne teologije, da je Sherri pogriješila u prosudbi svoje savjesti, te time pogriješila u svom ćudorednom izboru, bez obzira na liječnike i javno mnijenje koje ju je podupiralo., By analyzing the case of Sherri Finkbine, a mother who had an abortion in 1962, the authors of this paper seek to answer some abortion-related questions in the light of the ethical teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas, as the abortion debate presents one of today’s most pressing controversial issues. The paper is divided into three parts. In the introductory part, the authors first describe the case itself by presenting the facts as well as the circumstances in which the abortion took place before the eyes of the public. Furthermore, in the second part, the authors make a moral analysis of Finkbine’s act in the light of Thomistic teaching, especially due to the fact that, in certain circles from the 1960s onwards, it was believed that St. Thomas’ teaching on the state of the embryo could work to Finkbine’s advantage. In that sense, the authors analyze the case through a biological, legal and sociological perspective, pointing to the Thomistic moral doctrine at each of the mentioned views. Lastly, the third part provides a final theological synthesis of the whole case, putting a strong emphasis, in the light of Thomistic teaching, on the fact that Sherri made a grave error in judgment of her own conscience and thus erred in her moral choices, regardless of the doctors and public opinion that supported her choice.