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1. Drivers of soil microbial and detritivore activity across global grasslands

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bugalho, Miguel N, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F, Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M H, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi N, Seabloom, Eric W, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Zimmermann, Stephan, Eisenhauer, Nico, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bugalho, Miguel N, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F, Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M H, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi N, Seabloom, Eric W, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Zimmermann, Stephan, and Eisenhauer, Nico
Published: 2023

2. Drivers of soil microbial and detritivore activity across global grasslands

Author: Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F., Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Zimmermann, Stephan, Eisenhauer, Nico, Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F., Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Zimmermann, Stephan, and Eisenhauer, Nico
Abstract: Covering approximately 40% of land surfaces, grasslands provide critical ecosystem services that rely on soil organisms. However, the global determinants of soil biodiversity and functioning remain underexplored. In this study, we investigate the drivers of soil microbial and detritivore activity in grasslands across a wide range of climatic conditions on five continents. We apply standardized treatments of nutrient addition and herbivore reduction, allowing us to disentangle the regional and local drivers of soil organism activity. We use structural equation modeling to assess the direct and indirect effects of local and regional drivers on soil biological activities. Microbial and detritivore activities are positively correlated across global grasslands. These correlations are shaped more by global climatic factors than by local treatments, with annual precipitation and soil water content explaining the majority of the variation. Nutrient addition tends to reduce microbial activity by enhancing plant growth, while herbivore reduction typically increases microbial and detritivore activity through increased soil moisture. Our findings emphasize soil moisture as a key driver of soil biological activity, highlighting the potential impacts of climate change, altered grazing pressure, and eutrophication on nutrient cycling and decomposition within grassland ecosystems.
Published: 2023

3. Combining local, landscape, and regional geographies to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. United States, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Ibáñez, Inés, Petri, Laís, Barnett, David T., Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Corbin, Jeffrey D., Vilà, Montserrat, Bradley, Bethany A., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. United States, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Ibáñez, Inés, Petri, Laís, Barnett, David T., Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Corbin, Jeffrey D., Vilà, Montserrat, and Bradley, Bethany A.
Abstract: Invasive species science has focused heavily on the invasive agent. However, management to protect native species also requires a proactive approach focused on resident communities and the features affecting their vulnerability to invasion impacts. Vulnerability is likely the result of factors acting across spatial scales, from local to regional, and it is the combined effects of these factors that will determine the magnitude of vulnerability. Here, we introduce an analytical framework that quantifies the scale-dependent impact of biological invasions on native richness from the shape of the native species–area relationship (SAR). We leveraged newly available, biogeographically extensive vegetation data from the U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact as a function of factors acting across scales. We analyzed more than 1000 SARs widely distributed across the USA along environmental gradients and under different levels of non-native plant cover. Decreases in native richness were consistently associated with non-native species cover, but native richness was compromised only at relatively high levels of non-native cover. After accounting for variation in baseline ecosystem diversity, net primary productivity, and human modification, ecoregions that were colder and wetter were most vulnerable to losses of native plant species at the local level, while warmer and wetter areas were most susceptible at the landscape level. We also document how the combined effects of cross-scale factors result in a heterogeneous spatial pattern of vulnerability. This pattern could not be predicted by analyses at any single scale, underscoring the importance of accounting for factors acting across scales. Simultaneously assessing differences in vulnerability between distinct plant communities at local, landscape, and regional scales provided outputs that can be used to inform policy and management aimed at reducing vulnerabili
Published: 2023

4. Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Beaury, Evelyn M., Sofaer, Helen R., Early, Regan, Pearse, Ian S., Blumenthal, Dana M., Corbin, Jeffrey D., Diez, Jeffrey, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Barnett, David T., Ibáñez, Inés, Petri, Laís, Vilà, Montserrat, Bradley, Bethany A., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Beaury, Evelyn M., Sofaer, Helen R., Early, Regan, Pearse, Ian S., Blumenthal, Dana M., Corbin, Jeffrey D., Diez, Jeffrey, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Barnett, David T., Ibáñez, Inés, Petri, Laís, Vilà, Montserrat, and Bradley, Bethany A.
Abstract: Aim: Native biodiversity is threatened by the spread of non-native invasive species. Many studies demonstrate that invasions reduce local biodiversity but we lack an understanding of how impacts vary across environments at the macroscale. Using ~11,500 vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States, we quantified how the relationship between non-native plant cover and native plant diversity varied across different compositions of invading plants (measured by non-native plant richness and evenness) and environmental contexts (measured by productivity and human activity). Location: Continental United States. Time Period: Surveys from 1990s-present. Major Taxa Studied: Terrestrial plant communities. Methods: We fit mixed effects models to understand how native plant richness, diversity and evenness varied with non-native cover. We tested how this relationship varied when non-native cover interacted with non-native plant richness and evenness, and with productivity and human activity. Results: Across the United States, communities with greater cover of non-native plants had lower native plant richness and diversity but higher evenness, suggesting rare native plants can be lost while dominant plants decline in abundance. The relationship between non-native cover and native community diversity varied with non-native plant richness and evenness but was not associated with productivity and human activity. Negative associations were strongest in areas with low non-native richness and evenness, characterizing plant communities that were invaded by a dominant non-native plant. Main Conclusions: Non-native plant cover provides a first approximation of invasion impacts on native community diversity, but the magnitude of impact depended on non-native plant richness and evenness. Relationships between non-native cover and native diversity were consistent in strength across continental scale gradients of productivity and human activity. Therefore, at the macroscale, in
Published: 2023

5. Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future

Author: Young, Stephen L., Anderson, James V., Baerson, Scott R., Bajsa-Hirschel, Joanna, Blumenthal, Dana M., Boyd, Chad S., Boyette, Clyde D., Brennan, Eric B., Cantrell, Charles L., Chao, Wun S., Chee-Sanford, Joanne C., Clements, Charlie D., Dray, F. Allen, Duke, Stephen O., Eason, Kayla M., Fletcher, Reginald S., Fulcher, Michael R., Grewell, Brenda J., Hamerlynck, Erik P., Hoagland, Robert E., Horvath, David P., Law, Eugene P., Martin, Daniel E., Mattox, Clint, Mirsky, Steven B., Moran, Patrick J., Mueller, Rebecca C., Nandula, Vijay K., Newingham, Beth A., Pan, Zhiqiang, Porensky, Lauren M., Pratt, Paul D., Price, Andrew J., Rector, Brian G., Reddy, Krishna N., Sheley, Roger L., Smith, Lincoln, Smith, Melissa C., Snyder, Keirith A., Tancos, Matthew A., Young, Stephen L., Anderson, James V., Baerson, Scott R., Bajsa-Hirschel, Joanna, Blumenthal, Dana M., Boyd, Chad S., Boyette, Clyde D., Brennan, Eric B., Cantrell, Charles L., Chao, Wun S., Chee-Sanford, Joanne C., Clements, Charlie D., Dray, F. Allen, Duke, Stephen O., Eason, Kayla M., Fletcher, Reginald S., Fulcher, Michael R., Grewell, Brenda J., Hamerlynck, Erik P., Hoagland, Robert E., Horvath, David P., Law, Eugene P., Martin, Daniel E., Mattox, Clint, Mirsky, Steven B., Moran, Patrick J., Mueller, Rebecca C., Nandula, Vijay K., Newingham, Beth A., Pan, Zhiqiang, Porensky, Lauren M., Pratt, Paul D., Price, Andrew J., Rector, Brian G., Reddy, Krishna N., Sheley, Roger L., Smith, Lincoln, Smith, Melissa C., Snyder, Keirith A., and Tancos, Matthew A.
Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has been a leader in weed science research covering topics ranging from the development and use of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics to basic mechanistic studies, including biotic resistance of desirable plant communities and herbicide resistance. ARS weed scientists have worked in agricultural and natural ecosystems, including agronomic and horticultural crops, pastures, forests, wild lands, aquatic habitats, wetlands, and riparian areas. Through strong partnerships with academia, state agencies, private industry, and numerous federal programs, ARS weed scientists have made contributions to discoveries in the newest fields of robotics and genetics, as well as the traditional and fundamental subjects of weed-crop competition and physiology and integration of weed control tactics and practices. Weed science at ARS is often overshadowed by other research topics; thus, few are aware of the long history of ARS weed science and its important contributions. This review is the result of a symposium held at the Weed Science Society of America's 62nd Annual Meeting in 2022 that included 10 separate presentations in a virtual Weed Science Webinar Series. The overarching themes of management tactics (IWM, biological control, and automation), basic mechanisms (competition, invasive plant genetics, and herbicide resistance), and ecosystem impacts (invasive plant spread, climate change, conservation, and restoration) represent core ARS weed science research that is dynamic and efficacious and has been a significant component of the agency's national and international efforts. This review highlights current studies and future directions that exemplify the science and collaborative relationships both within and outside ARS. Given the constraints of weeds and invasive plants on all aspects of food, feed, and fiber systems, there is an acknowledged need to face new challenges, including agriculture and
Published: 2023

6. Invasive annual grasses—Reenvisioning approaches in a changing climate

Author: Archer, David, Toledo, David, Blumenthal, Dana M., Derner, Justin, USDA ARS Burns, Oregon, Davies, Kirk, Hamerlynck, Erik, Sheley, Roger, Clark, Pat, Pierson, Fred, Clements, Charlie, Newingham, Beth, Rector, Brian, Gaskin, John, Wonkka, Carissa L., Jensen, Kevin, Monaco, Tom, Vermeire, Lance T., Young, Stephen L., Archer, David, Toledo, David, Blumenthal, Dana M., Derner, Justin, USDA ARS Burns, Oregon, Davies, Kirk, Hamerlynck, Erik, Sheley, Roger, Clark, Pat, Pierson, Fred, Clements, Charlie, Newingham, Beth, Rector, Brian, Gaskin, John, Wonkka, Carissa L., Jensen, Kevin, Monaco, Tom, Vermeire, Lance T., and Young, Stephen L.
Abstract: For nearly a century, invasive annual grasses have increasingly impacted terrestrial ecosystems across the western United States. Weather variability associated with climate change and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are making even more difficult the challenges of managing invasive annual grasses. As part of a special issue on climate change impacts on soil and water conservation, the topic of invasive annual grasses is being addressed by scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service to emphasize the need for additional research and future studies that build on current knowledge and account for (extreme) changes in abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research has focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying annual grass invasion, as well as assessing patterns and responses from a wide range of disturbances and management approaches. Weather extremes and the increasing occurrences of wildfire are contributing to the complexity of the problem. In broad terms, invasive annual grass management, including restoration, must be proactive to consider human values and ecosystem resiliency. Models capable of synthesizing vast amounts of diverse information are necessary for creating trajectories that could result in the establishment of perennial systems. Organization and collaboration are needed across the research community and with land managers to strategically develop and implement practices that limit invasive annual grasses. In the future, research will need to address invasive annual grasses in an adaptive integrated weed management (AIWM) framework that utilizes models and accounts for climate change that is resulting in altered/new approaches to management and restoration.
Published: 2023

7. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.
Published: 2022

8. Nutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands

Author: Ebeling, Anne, Strauss, Alex T., Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos A., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Cadotte, Marc W., Daleo, Pedro, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Graff, Pamela, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Pascual, Jesus, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Schielzeth, Holger, Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Tedder, Michelle, Virtanen, Risto, Blumenthal, Dana M., Ebeling, Anne, Strauss, Alex T., Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos A., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Cadotte, Marc W., Daleo, Pedro, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Graff, Pamela, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Pascual, Jesus, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Schielzeth, Holger, Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Tedder, Michelle, Virtanen, Risto, and Blumenthal, Dana M.
Abstract: Plant damage by invertebrate herbivores and pathogens influences the dynamics of grassland ecosystems, but anthropogenic changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability can modify these relationships. Using a globally distributed experiment, we describe leaf damage on 153 plant taxa from 27 grasslands worldwide, under ambient conditions and with experimentally elevated nitrogen and phosphorus. Invertebrate damage significantly increased with nitrogen addition, especially in grasses and non-leguminous forbs. Pathogen damage increased with nitrogen in grasses and legumes but not forbs. Effects of phosphorus were generally weaker. Damage was higher in grasslands with more precipitation, but climatic conditions did not change effects of nutrients on leaf damage. On average, invertebrate damage was relatively higher on legumes and pathogen damage was relatively higher on grasses. Community-weighted mean damage reflected these functional group patterns, with no effects of N on community-weighted pathogen damage (due to opposing responses of grasses and forbs) but stronger effects of N on community-weighted invertebrate damage (due to consistent responses of grasses and forbs). Synthesis. As human-induced inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus continue to increase, understanding their impacts on invertebrate and pathogen damage becomes increasingly important. Our results demonstrate that eutrophication frequently increases plant damage and that damage increases with precipitation across a wide array of grasslands. Invertebrate and pathogen damage in grasslands is likely to increase in the future, with potential consequences for plant, invertebrate and pathogen communities, as well as the transfer of energy and nutrients across trophic levels.
Published: 2022

9. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M
Published: 2022

10. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Moore, Joslin L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Moore, Joslin L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.
Abstract: Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.
Published: 2022

11. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M
Published: 2022

12. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Moore, Joslin L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Moore, Joslin L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.
Abstract: Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.
Published: 2022

13. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M
Published: 2022

14. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author: Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.
Abstract: Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.
Published: 2022

15. Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Ibáñez, Inés, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, and Ibáñez, Inés
Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO2, drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO2 and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance.
Published: 2021

16. Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Ibáñez, Inés, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, and Ibáñez, Inés
Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO2, drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO2 and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance.
Published: 2021

17. Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Ibáñez, Inés, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, and Ibáñez, Inés
Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO2, drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO2 and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance.
Published: 2021

18. Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Ibáñez, Inés, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, and Ibáñez, Inés
Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO2, drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO2 and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance.
Published: 2021

19. Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Author: Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Sorte, Cascade J.B., Ibáñez, Inés, Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Sorte, Cascade J.B., and Ibáñez, Inés
Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO2, drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO2 and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance
Published: 2021

20. Author Correction: Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2020

21. Author Correction: Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2020

22. Author Correction: Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2020

23. Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2019

24. Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2019

25. Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author: Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, Franklin, Oskar, Leerstoel Heijden, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Terrer, César, Jackson, Robert B., Prentice, I. Colin, Keenan, Trevor F., Kaiser, Christina, Vicca, Sara, Fisher, Joshua B., Reich, Peter B., Stocker, Benjamin D., Hungate, Bruce A., Peñuelas, Josep, McCallum, Ian, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Talhelm, Alan F., Van Sundert, Kevin, Piao, Shilong, Newton, Paul C.D., Hovenden, Mark J., Blumenthal, Dana M., Liu, Yi Y., Müller, Christoph, Winter, Klaus, Field, Christopher B., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Van Lissa, Caspar J., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., Watanabe, Makoto, Koike, Takayoshi, Leshyk, Victor O., Polley, H. Wayne, and Franklin, Oskar
Published: 2019

26. Globally consistent influences of seasonal precipitation limit grassland biomass response to elevated CO2

Author: Hovenden, Mark J., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Newton, Paul C. D., Fletcher, Andrew, Fatichi, Simone, Luscher, Andreas, Reich, Peter B., Andresen, Louise C., Beier, Claus, Blumenthal, Dana M., Chiariello, Nona R., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Kellner, Juliane, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Niklaus, Pascal A., Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Classen, Aimee T., Langley, J. Adam, Hovenden, Mark J., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Newton, Paul C. D., Fletcher, Andrew, Fatichi, Simone, Luscher, Andreas, Reich, Peter B., Andresen, Louise C., Beier, Claus, Blumenthal, Dana M., Chiariello, Nona R., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Kellner, Juliane, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Niklaus, Pascal A., Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Classen, Aimee T., and Langley, J. Adam
Published: 2019

27. Globally consistent influences of seasonal precipitation limit grassland biomass response to elevated CO2

Author: Hovenden, Mark J., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Newton, Paul C. D., Fletcher, Andrew, Fatichi, Simone, Luscher, Andreas, Reich, Peter B., Andresen, Louise C., Beier, Claus, Blumenthal, Dana M., Chiariello, Nona R., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Kellner, Juliane, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Niklaus, Pascal A., Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Classen, Aimee T., Langley, J. Adam, Hovenden, Mark J., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Newton, Paul C. D., Fletcher, Andrew, Fatichi, Simone, Luscher, Andreas, Reich, Peter B., Andresen, Louise C., Beier, Claus, Blumenthal, Dana M., Chiariello, Nona R., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Kellner, Juliane, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Niklaus, Pascal A., Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Classen, Aimee T., and Langley, J. Adam
Published: 2019

28. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient

Author: Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., and Borer, Elizabeth T.
Abstract: Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and compare the relative contribution of climatic vs. anthropogenic effects. We addressed this goal by measuring plant elemental (C, N, P and K) responses to eutrophication and vertebrate herbivore exclusion at eighteen sites on six continents. Across sites, climate and atmospheric N deposition emerged as strong predictors of plot-level tissue nutrients, mediated by biomass and plant chemistry. Within sites, fertilization increased total plant nutrient pools, but results were contingent on soil fertility and the proportion of grass biomass relative to other functional types. Total plant nutrient pools diverged strongly in response to herbivore exclusion when fertilized; responses were largest in ungrazed plots at low rainfall, whereas herbivore grazing dampened the plant community nutrient responses to fertilization. Our study highlights (1) the importance of climate in determining plant nutrient concentrations mediated through effects on plant biomass, (2) that eutrophication affects grassland nutrient pools via both soil and atmospheric pathways and (3) that interactions among soils, herbivores and eutrophication drive plant nutrient responses at small scales, especially at water-limited sites.
Published: 2018

29. Vulnerability of grazing and confined livestock in the Northern Great Plains to projected mid- and late-twenty-first century climate

Author: Derner, Justin D, Briske, David, Reeves, Matt, Brown-Brandl, T. M., Meehan, Miranda, Blumenthal, Dana M., Riebsame, William E., Derner, Justin D, Briske, David, Reeves, Matt, Brown-Brandl, T. M., Meehan, Miranda, Blumenthal, Dana M., and Riebsame, William E.
Abstract: The Northern Great Plains (NGP) region of the USA—which comprises Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska—is a largely rural area that provides numerous ecosystem services, including livestock products, cultural services, and conservation of biological diversity. The region contains 25% of the Nation’s beef cattle and approximately one-third of the confined beef cattle, as well as the largest remaining native prairie in the US—the Northern Mixedgrass Prairie. With rising atmospheric CO2, the NGP is projected to experience warmer and longer growing seasons, greater climatic variability, and more extreme events (e.g., increased occurrence of large precipitation events). These climatic changes may affect livestock production both directly via physiological impacts on animals and indirectly via modifications to forage, invasion of undesirable plants, and increased exposure to parasites. This raises concerns about the vulnerability of grazing livestock operations and confined livestock operations to projected changes in mid- (2050) and late- (2085) twenty-first century climate. Our objectives are to (1) describe the NGP’s exposure to temperature and precipitation trends, inter-annual variability, and extreme events; (2) evaluate the sensitivity of beef cattle production to direct and indirect effects imposed by these projected climatic changes; and (3) provide a typology of adaptation strategies to minimize adverse consequences of projected changes and maximize beneficial consequences. Agricultural managers have developed considerable adaptive capacity to contend with environmental and economic variability. However, projected climatic changes, especially the increased frequency and magnitude of weather extremes, will require even greater adaptive capacity to maintain viable production systems. Consequently, regional vulnerability to projected climatic changes will be determined not only by ecological responses but also by the adaptive capacit
Published: 2018

30. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient

Author: Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., and Borer, Elizabeth T.
Abstract: Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and compare the relative contribution of climatic vs. anthropogenic effects. We addressed this goal by measuring plant elemental (C, N, P and K) responses to eutrophication and vertebrate herbivore exclusion at eighteen sites on six continents. Across sites, climate and atmospheric N deposition emerged as strong predictors of plot-level tissue nutrients, mediated by biomass and plant chemistry. Within sites, fertilization increased total plant nutrient pools, but results were contingent on soil fertility and the proportion of grass biomass relative to other functional types. Total plant nutrient pools diverged strongly in response to herbivore exclusion when fertilized; responses were largest in ungrazed plots at low rainfall, whereas herbivore grazing dampened the plant community nutrient responses to fertilization. Our study highlights (1) the importance of climate in determining plant nutrient concentrations mediated through effects on plant biomass, (2) that eutrophication affects grassland nutrient pools via both soil and atmospheric pathways and (3) that interactions among soils, herbivores and eutrophication drive plant nutrient responses at small scales, especially at water-limited sites.
Published: 2018

31. Vulnerability of grazing and confined livestock in the Northern Great Plains to projected mid and late-twenty-first century climate

Author: Derner, Justin D, Briske, David, Reeves, Matt, Brown-Brandl, T. M., Meehan, Miranda, Blumenthal, Dana M., Riebsame, William E., Augustine, David, Wilmer, Hailey, Scasta, Derek, Hendrickson, John, Volesky, Jerry, Edwards, Laura, Peck, Dannele, Derner, Justin D, Briske, David, Reeves, Matt, Brown-Brandl, T. M., Meehan, Miranda, Blumenthal, Dana M., Riebsame, William E., Augustine, David, Wilmer, Hailey, Scasta, Derek, Hendrickson, John, Volesky, Jerry, Edwards, Laura, and Peck, Dannele
Abstract: The Northern Great Plains (NGP) region of the USA—which comprises Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska—is a largely rural area that provides numerous ecosystem services, including livestock products, cultural services, and conservation of biological diversity. The region contains 25% of the Nation’s beef cattle and approximately one-third of the confined beef cattle, as well as the largest remaining native prairie in the US—the Northern Mixed grass Prairie. With rising atmospheric CO2, the NGP is projected to experience warmer and longer growing seasons, greater climatic variability, and more extreme events (e.g., increased occurrence of large precipitation events). These climatic changes may affect livestock production both directly via physiological impacts on animals and indirectly via modifications to forage, invasion of undesirable plants, and increased exposure to parasites. This raises concerns about the vulnerability of grazing livestock operations and confined livestock operations to projected changes in mid- (2050) and late- (2085) twenty-first century climate. Our objectives are to (1) describe the NGP’s exposure to temperature and precipitation trends, inter-annual variability, and extreme events; (2) evaluate the sensitivity of beef cattle production to direct and indirect effects imposed by these projected climatic changes; and (3) provide a typology of adaptation strategies to minimize adverse consequences of projected changes and maximize beneficial consequences. Agricultural managers have developed considerable adaptive capacity to contend with environmental and economic variability. However, projected climatic changes, especially the increased frequency and magnitude of weather extremes, will require even greater adaptive capacity to maintain viable production systems. Consequently, regional vulnerability to projected climatic changes will be determined not only by ecological responses but also by the adaptive capaci
Published: 2017

32. Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities.

Author: Early, Regan, Early, Regan, Bradley, Bethany A, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Lawler, Joshua J, Olden, Julian D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grosholz, Edwin D, Ibañez, Ines, Miller, Luke P, Sorte, Cascade JB, Tatem, Andrew J, Early, Regan, Early, Regan, Bradley, Bethany A, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Lawler, Joshua J, Olden, Julian D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grosholz, Edwin D, Ibañez, Ines, Miller, Luke P, Sorte, Cascade JB, and Tatem, Andrew J
Abstract: Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten human livelihoods and biodiversity globally. Increasing globalization facilitates IAS arrival, and environmental changes, including climate change, facilitate IAS establishment. Here we provide the first global, spatial analysis of the terrestrial threat from IAS in light of twenty-first century globalization and environmental change, and evaluate national capacities to prevent and manage species invasions. We find that one-sixth of the global land surface is highly vulnerable to invasion, including substantial areas in developing economies and biodiversity hotspots. The dominant invasion vectors differ between high-income countries (imports, particularly of plants and pets) and low-income countries (air travel). Uniting data on the causes of introduction and establishment can improve early-warning and eradication schemes. Most countries have limited capacity to act against invasions. In particular, we reveal a clear need for proactive invasion strategies in areas with high poverty levels, high biodiversity and low historical levels of invasion.
Published: 2016

33. Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities.

Author: Early, Regan, Early, Regan, Bradley, Bethany A, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Lawler, Joshua J, Olden, Julian D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grosholz, Edwin D, Ibañez, Ines, Miller, Luke P, Sorte, Cascade JB, Tatem, Andrew J, Early, Regan, Early, Regan, Bradley, Bethany A, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Lawler, Joshua J, Olden, Julian D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grosholz, Edwin D, Ibañez, Ines, Miller, Luke P, Sorte, Cascade JB, and Tatem, Andrew J
Abstract: Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten human livelihoods and biodiversity globally. Increasing globalization facilitates IAS arrival, and environmental changes, including climate change, facilitate IAS establishment. Here we provide the first global, spatial analysis of the terrestrial threat from IAS in light of twenty-first century globalization and environmental change, and evaluate national capacities to prevent and manage species invasions. We find that one-sixth of the global land surface is highly vulnerable to invasion, including substantial areas in developing economies and biodiversity hotspots. The dominant invasion vectors differ between high-income countries (imports, particularly of plants and pets) and low-income countries (air travel). Uniting data on the causes of introduction and establishment can improve early-warning and eradication schemes. Most countries have limited capacity to act against invasions. In particular, we reveal a clear need for proactive invasion strategies in areas with high poverty levels, high biodiversity and low historical levels of invasion.
Published: 2016

34. Elevated CO2 and warming shift the functional composition of soil nematode communities in a semiarid grassland

Author: Mueller, Kevin E., Blumenthal, Dana M., Carrillo, Yolima, Cesarz, Simone, Ciobanu, Marcel, Hines, Jes, Pabst, Susann, Pendall, Elise, Milano de Tomasel, Cecilia, Wall, Diana H., Eisenhauer, Nico, Mueller, Kevin E., Blumenthal, Dana M., Carrillo, Yolima, Cesarz, Simone, Ciobanu, Marcel, Hines, Jes, Pabst, Susann, Pendall, Elise, Milano de Tomasel, Cecilia, Wall, Diana H., and Eisenhauer, Nico
Abstract: Climate change can alter soil communities and functions, but the consequences are uncertain for most ecosystems. We assessed the impacts of climate change on soil nematodes in a semiarid grassland using a 7-year, factorial manipulation of temperature and [CO2]. Elevated CO2 and warming decreased the abundance of plant-feeding nematodes and nematodes with intermediate to high values on the colonizer-persister scale (cp3-5), including predators and omnivores. Thus, under futuristic climate conditions, nematode communities were even more dominated by r-strategists (cp1-2) that feed on bacteria and fungi. These results indicate that climate change could alter soil functioning in semiarid grasslands. For example, the lower abundance of plant-feeding nematodes could facilitate positive effects of elevated CO2 and warming on plant productivity. The effects of elevated CO2 and warming on nematode functional composition were typically less than additive, highlighting the need for multi-factor studies.
Published: 2016

35. Cheatgrass is favored by warming but not CO2 enrichment in a semi-arid grassland

Author: Blumenthal, Dana M., Kray, Julie A., Ortmans, William, Ziska, Lewis H., Pendall, Elise, Blumenthal, Dana M., Kray, Julie A., Ortmans, William, Ziska, Lewis H., and Pendall, Elise
Abstract: levated CO2 and warming may alter terrestrial ecosystems by promoting invasive plants with strong community and ecosystem impacts. Invasive plant responses to elevated CO2 and warming are difficult to predict, however, because of the many mechanisms involved, including modification of phenology, physiology, and cycling of nitrogen and water. Understanding the relative and interactive importance of these processes requires multifactor experiments under realistic field conditions. Here, we test how free-air CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppmv) and infrared warming (+1.5 °C day/3 °C night) influence a functionally and phenologically distinct invasive plant in semi-arid mixed-grass prairie. Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a fast-growing Eurasian winter annual grass, increases fire frequency and reduces biological diversity across millions of hectares in western North America. Across 2 years, we found that warming more than tripled B. tectorum biomass and seed production, due to a combination of increased recruitment and increased growth. These results were observed with and without competition from native species, under wet and dry conditions (corresponding with tenfold differences in B. tectorum biomass), and despite the fact that warming reduced soil water. In contrast, elevated CO2 had little effect on B. tectorum invasion or soil water, while reducing soil and plant nitrogen (N). We conclude that (1) warming may expand B. tectorum’s phenological niche, allowing it to more successfully colonize the extensive, invasion-resistant northern mixed-grass prairie, and (2) in ecosystems where elevated CO2 decreases N availability, CO2 may have limited effects on B. tectorum and other nitrophilic invasive species.
Published: 2016

36. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author: Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Abstract: Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
Published: 2015

37. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author: Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Abstract: Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
Published: 2015

38. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., Yang, Louie H., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., and Yang, Louie H.
Published: 2015

39. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Published: 2015

40. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author: Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Abstract: Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species’ biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
Published: 2015

41. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author: Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Abstract: Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species’ biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
Published: 2015

42. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., Yang, Louie H., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., and Yang, Louie H.
Published: 2015

43. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie
Published: 2015

44. Increased seed consumption by biological control weevil tempers positive CO2 effect on invasive plant (Centaurea diffusa) fitness

Author: Reeves, Justin L., Blumenthal, Dana M., Kray, Julie A., Derner, Justin D., Reeves, Justin L., Blumenthal, Dana M., Kray, Julie A., and Derner, Justin D.
Abstract: Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature may benefit some invasive plants, increasing the need for effective invasive plant management. Biological control can be an effective means of managing invasive plants, but the anticipated range in responses of plant–insect interactions to climate change make it difficult to predict how effective biological control will be in the future. Field experiments that manipulate climate within biological control systems could improve predictive power, but are challenging to implement and therefore rare to date. Here, we show that free air CO2 enrichment in the field increased the fitness of Centaurea diffusa Lam., a problematic invader in much of the western United States. However, CO2 enrichment also increased the impact of the biological control agent Larinus minutus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on C. diffusa fitness. C. diffusa plants flowered earlier and seed heads developed faster with both elevated CO2 and increased temperature. Natural dispersal of L. minutus into the experimental plots provided a unique opportunity to examine weevil preference for and effects on C. diffusa grown under the different climate change treatments. Elevated CO2 increased both the proportion of seed heads infested by L. minutus and, correspondingly, the amount of seed removed by weevils. Warming had no detectable effect on weevil utilization of plants. Higher weevil densities on elevated CO2 plants reduced, but did not eliminate, the positive effects of CO2 on C. diffusa fitness. Correlations between plant development time and weevil infestation suggest that climate change increased weevil infestation by hastening plant phenology. Phenological mismatches are anticipated with climate change in many plant–insect systems, but in the case of L. minutus and C. diffusa in mixed-grass prairie, a better phenological match may make the biological control agent more effective as CO2 levels rise.
Published: 2015

45. Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi‑arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming

Author: Mowll, Whitney, Blumenthal, Dana M., Cherwin, Karie, Smith, Anine, Symstad, Amy J., Vermeire, Lance T., Collins, Scott L., Smith, Melinda D., Knapp, Alan K., Mowll, Whitney, Blumenthal, Dana M., Cherwin, Karie, Smith, Anine, Symstad, Amy J., Vermeire, Lance T., Collins, Scott L., Smith, Melinda D., and Knapp, Alan K.
Abstract: Although climate models forecast warmer temperatures with a high degree of certainty, precipitation is the primary driver of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands. Conversely, variations in temperature seldom are related to patterns of ANPP. Thus forecasting responses to warming is a challenge, and raises the question: how sensitive will grassland ANPP be to warming? We evaluated climate and multi-year ANPP data (67 years) from eight western US grasslands arrayed along mean annual temperature (MAT; ~7–14 °C) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; ~250–500 mm) gradients. We used regression and analysis of covariance to assess relationships between ANPP and temperature, as well as precipitation (annual and growing season) to evaluate temperature sensitivity of ANPP. We also related ANPP to the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), which combines precipitation and evapotranspiration to better represent moisture available for plant growth. Regression models indicated that variation in growing season temperature was negatively related to total and graminoid ANPP, but precipitation was a stronger predictor than temperature. Growing season temperature was also a significant parameter in more complex models, but again precipitation was consistently a stronger predictor of ANPP. Surprisingly, neither annual nor growing season SPEI were as strongly related to ANPP as precipitation. We conclude that forecasted warming likely will affect ANPP in these grasslands, but that predicting temperature effects from natural climatic gradients is difficult. This is because, unlike precipitation, warming effects can be positive or negative and moderated by shifts in the C3/C4 ratios of plant communities.
Published: 2015

46. Long-term exposure to elevated CO2 enhances plant community stability by suppressing dominant plant species in a mixed-grass prairie

Author: Zelikova, Tamara Jane, Blumenthal, Dana M., Williams, David G., Souza, Lara, LeCain, Daniel R., Morgan, Jack, Pendall, Elise, Zelikova, Tamara Jane, Blumenthal, Dana M., Williams, David G., Souza, Lara, LeCain, Daniel R., Morgan, Jack, and Pendall, Elise
Abstract: Climate controls vegetation distribution across the globe, and some vegetation types are more vulnerable to climate change, whereas others are more resistant. Because resistance and resilience can influence ecosystem stability and determine how communities and ecosystems respond to climate change, we need to evaluate the potential for resistance as we predict future ecosystem function. In a mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains, we used a large field experiment to test the effects of elevated CO2, warming, and summer irrigation on plant community structure and productivity, linking changes in both to stability in plant community composition and biomass production. We show that the independent effects of CO2 and warming on community composition and productivity depend on interannual variation in precipitation and that the effects of elevated CO2 are not limited to water saving because they differ from those of irrigation. We also show that production in this mixed-grass prairie ecosystem is not only relatively resistant to interannual variation in precipitation, but also rendered more stable under elevated CO2 conditions. This increase in production stability is the result of altered community dominance patterns: Community evenness increases as dominant species decrease in biomass under elevated CO2. In many grasslands that serve as rangelands, the economic value of the ecosystem is largely dependent on plant community composition and the relative abundance of key forage species. Thus, our results have implications for how we manage native grasslands in the face of changing climate.
Published: 2014

47. Integrated Assessment of Biological Invasions.

Author: Ibáñez, Inés, Diez, Jeffrey M, Miller, Luke P, Olden, Julian D, Sorte, Cascade J.B., Blumenthal, Dana M, Bradley, Bethany A, D'Antonio, Carla M, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Early, Regan I, Grosholz, Edwin D, Lawler, Joshua J, Ibáñez, Inés, Diez, Jeffrey M, Miller, Luke P, Olden, Julian D, Sorte, Cascade J.B., Blumenthal, Dana M, Bradley, Bethany A, D'Antonio, Carla M, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Early, Regan I, Grosholz, Edwin D, and Lawler, Joshua J
Abstract: As the main witnesses of the ecological and economic impacts of invasions on ecosystems around the world, ecologists seek to provide the relevant science that informs managers about the potential for invasion of specific organisms in their region(s) of interest. Yet, the assorted literature that could inform such forecasts is rarely integrated to do so, and further, the diverse nature of the data available complicates synthesis and quantitative prediction. Here we present a set of analytical tools for synthesizing different levels of distributional and/or demographic data to produce meaningful assessments of invasion potential that can guide management at multiple phases of ongoing invasions, from dispersal to colonization to proliferation. We illustrate the utility of data-synthesis and data-model assimilation approaches with case studies of three well-known invasive species—a vine, a marine mussel, and a freshwater crayfish—under current and projected future climatic conditions. Results from the integrated assessments reflect the complexity of the invasion process and show that the most relevant climatic variables can have contrasting effects or operate at different intensities across habitat types. As a consequence, for two of the study species climate trends will increase the likelihood of invasion in some habitats and decrease it in others. Our results identified and quantified both bottlenecks and windows of opportunity for invasion, mainly related to the role of human uses of the landscape or to disruption of the flow of resources. The approach we describe has a high potential to enhance model realism, explanatory insight, and predictive capability, generating information that can inform management decisions and optimize phase-specific prevention and control efforts for a wide range of biological invasions.
Published: 2014

48. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species:a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author: Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, and Wragg, Peter D.
Abstract: Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade-off possibilities. The competition-defence hypothesis posits a trade-off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth-defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth-defence trade-off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life-history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth-defence trade-off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.
Published: 2013

49. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species:a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author: Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, and Wragg, Peter D.
Abstract: Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade-off possibilities. The competition-defence hypothesis posits a trade-off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth-defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth-defence trade-off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life-history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth-defence trade-off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.
Published: 2013

50. Indirect effects of parasites in invasions

Author: Dunn, Alison M., Torchin, Mark E., Hatcher, Melanie J., Kotanen, Peter M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Byers, James E., Coon, Courtney A.C., Frankel, Victor M., Holt, Robert D., Hufbauer, Ruth A., Kanarek, Andrew R., Schierenbeck, Kristina A., Wolfe, Lorne M., Perkins, Sarah E., Dunn, Alison M., Torchin, Mark E., Hatcher, Melanie J., Kotanen, Peter M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Byers, James E., Coon, Courtney A.C., Frankel, Victor M., Holt, Robert D., Hufbauer, Ruth A., Kanarek, Andrew R., Schierenbeck, Kristina A., Wolfe, Lorne M., and Perkins, Sarah E.
Abstract: 1. Introduced species disrupt native communities and biodiversity worldwide. Parasitic infections (and at times, their absence) are thought to be a key component in the success and impact of biological invasions by plants and animals. They can facilitate or limit invasions, and positively or negatively impact native species. 2. Parasites have not only direct effects on their hosts, but also indirect effects on the species with which their hosts interact. Indirect effects include density-mediated effects (resulting from parasite-induced reduction in host reproduction and survival) as well as trait-mediated indirect effects (resulting from parasite-induced changes in host phenotype, behavior or life history). These effects are not mutually exclusive but often interact. 3. The importance of these indirect interactions for invasion success, and the extent to which these effects ramify throughout communities and influence ecosystems undergoing biological invasion provide the focus of our review. Examples from the animal and plant literature illustrate the importance of parasites in mediating both competitive and consumer–resource interactions between native and invasive species. 4. Parasites are involved in indirect interactions at all trophic levels. Furthermore, the indirect effects of parasitic infection are important at a range of biological scales from within a host to the whole ecosystem in determining invasion success and impact. 5. To understand the importance of parasitic infection in invasion success and in the outcomes for invaded communities requires an interdisciplinary approach by ecologists and parasitologists, across animal and plant systems. Future research should develop a framework integrating community ecology, evolution and immunology to better understand and manage the spread of invasive species and their diseases.
Published: 2012

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