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The paper is the report of the International Research Conference about Library history held in The Sapienza University of Rome on September 27th and 28th 2018 “What happened in the library? Cosa è successo in biblioteca? Readers and libraries from historical investigations to current issues. Lettori e biblioteche tra indagine storica e problemi attuali”, coordinated by Ph. D in documentary, linguistic and literary sciences.On the first day, two sessions took place: a morning session titled Biblioteche, lettori, storia, attualità: orizzonti aperti and an afternoon session titled Le biblioteche pubbliche oggi tra irrilevanza, conflittualità e consumerismo. The first session of the second day was about Domande, risposte e nuove domande della ricerca storica sull’uso delle biblioteche, the last concerning Luoghi della lettura collettiva e cultura del Novecento: ricerche per una mappa.The aim of the international conference, bringing as witnesses original researches and international comparisons about use and attendance of libraries, was to analyze, with a historical perspective, the importance of libraries, especially public libraries, in cultural and personal growth of users and their social role., Si presenta il report del seminario internazionale di ricerca in storia delle biblioteche tenutosi presso La Sapienza Università di Roma il 27 e 28 settembre 2018, dal titolo “What happened in the library? Cosa è successo in biblioteca? Readers and libraries from historical investigations to current issues. Lettori e biblioteche tra indagine storica e problemi attuali”, coordinato dal Dottorato di ricerca in scienze documentarie, linguistiche e letterarie dell’ateneo.Due le sessioni della prima giornata: una sessione mattutina dedicata a Biblioteche, lettori, storia, attualità: orizzonti aperti, una sessione pomeridiana intitolata Le biblioteche pubbliche oggi tra irrilevanza, conflittualità e consumismo. La seconda giornata si è aperta con la sessione Domande, risposte e nuove domande della ricerca storica sull’uso delle biblioteche; l’ultima sessione ha riguardato Luoghi della lettura collettiva e cultura del Novecento: ricerche per una mappa.Lo scopo del seminario, mediante le ricerche originali presentate e i confronti internazionali sull’uso e la frequentazione delle biblioteche, è stato quello di analizzare, con una prospettiva storica, il ruolo sociale delle biblioteche, in particolare delle biblioteche pubbliche, e la loro importanza nella crescita culturale e personale degli utenti.

The paper presents the contents of the international conference “The privilege of the written word: management, conservation and enhancement of personal papers and books”, held at the University of Salerno on April 10- 12th, 2019, coordinated by Giovanni Di Domenico (University of Salerno) and Fiammetta Sabba (University of Bologna). Representatives of library and archive professional and scientific communities confronted (thanks also to other European countries authoritative experts) and discussed about conservation, management and enhancement (more and more in the digital environment) of personal archives and libraries from the late nineteenth and twentieth century, hybrid funds and collections which preserve many types of documents and which testify the intellectual activity of leading figures of culture, professions and arts. At the end of the conference, the Guidelines on the treatment of personal funds, edited by the National Commission of special libraries, personal archives and libraries of the Italian Library Association, were presented and discussed; this was an opportunity to deepen the topics addressed by reports, with the final wish to use the confrontation as a starting point to realize ideas and suggestions.

The paper is the report of the International Research Conference about Library history held in The Sapienza University of Rome on September 27th and 28th 2018 “What happened in the library? Cosa è successo in biblioteca? Readers and libraries from historical investigations to current issues. Lettori e biblioteche tra indagine storica e problemi attuali”, coordinated by Ph. D in documentary, linguistic and literary sciences.On the first day, two sessions took place: a morning session titled Biblioteche, lettori, storia, attualità: orizzonti aperti and an afternoon session titled Le biblioteche pubbliche oggi tra irrilevanza, conflittualità e consumerismo. The first session of the second day was about Domande, risposte e nuove domande della ricerca storica sull’uso delle biblioteche, the last concerning Luoghi della lettura collettiva e cultura del Novecento: ricerche per una mappa.The aim of the international conference, bringing as witnesses original researches and international comparisons about use and attendance of libraries, was to analyze, with a historical perspective, the importance of libraries, especially public libraries, in cultural and personal growth of users and their social role., Si presenta il report del seminario internazionale di ricerca in storia delle biblioteche tenutosi presso La Sapienza Università di Roma il 27 e 28 settembre 2018, dal titolo “What happened in the library? Cosa è successo in biblioteca? Readers and libraries from historical investigations to current issues. Lettori e biblioteche tra indagine storica e problemi attuali”, coordinato dal Dottorato di ricerca in scienze documentarie, linguistiche e letterarie dell’ateneo.Due le sessioni della prima giornata: una sessione mattutina dedicata a Biblioteche, lettori, storia, attualità: orizzonti aperti, una sessione pomeridiana intitolata Le biblioteche pubbliche oggi tra irrilevanza, conflittualità e consumismo. La seconda giornata si è aperta con la sessione Domande, risposte e nuove domande della ricerca storica sull’uso delle biblioteche; l’ultima sessione ha riguardato Luoghi della lettura collettiva e cultura del Novecento: ricerche per una mappa.Lo scopo del seminario, mediante le ricerche originali presentate e i confronti internazionali sull’uso e la frequentazione delle biblioteche, è stato quello di analizzare, con una prospettiva storica, il ruolo sociale delle biblioteche, in particolare delle biblioteche pubbliche, e la loro importanza nella crescita culturale e personale degli utenti.

OBJECTIVES: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is defined as an abnormally high bacterial population level in the small intestine. Intestinal motor dysfunction associated with hypothyroidism could predispose to bacterial overgrowth. Luminal bacteria could modulate gastrointestinal symptoms and interfere with levothyroxine absorption. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and clinical pattern of bacterial overgrowth in patients with a history of overt hypothyroidism and the effects of bacterial overgrowth decontamination on thyroid hormone levels. METHODS: A total of 50 consecutive patients with a history of overt hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis was enrolled. Diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth was based on positivity to a hydrogen glucose breath test. Bacterial overgrowth positive patients were treated with 1,200 mg rifaximin each day for a week. A glucose breath test, gastrointestinal symptoms, and thyroid hormone plasma levels were reassessed 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients with a history of hypothyroidism demonstrated a positive result to the breath test (27 of 50, 54%), compared with two in the control group (two of 40, 5%). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Abdominal discomfort, flatulence, and bloating were significantly more prevalent in the bacterial overgrowth positive group. These symptoms significantly improved after antibiotic decontamination. Thyroid hormone plasma levels were not significantly affected by successful bacterial overgrowth decontamination. CONCLUSIONS: The history of overt hypothyroidism is associated with bacterial overgrowth development. Excess bacteria could influence clinical gastrointestinal manifestations. Bacterial overgrowth decontamination is associated with improved gastrointestinal symptoms. However, fermenting carbohydrate luminal bacteria do not interfere with thyroid hormone levels.