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PURPOSE To assess in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase I/II study the early safety and efficacy profile of single fraction urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for men with localized prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with low- and intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer without significant tumor in the transitional zone were recruited. A single-fraction of 19 Gy was delivered to the prostate, with 17 Gy dose-reduction to the urethra. Intrafraction motion was monitored using intraprostatic electromagnetic transponders with intra-fraction correction of displacements exceeding 3 mm. Genitourinary (GU), gastrointestinal (GI), and sexual toxicity during the first 18 months were evaluated using the CTCAE v4.0 grading scale. Quality of life was assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index composite 26 score, and the International Index of Erectile Function score. RESULTS Among the 45 patients recruited in 5 centers between 2017 and 2022, 43 received the single fraction without protocol deviations, and 34 had a minimal follow-up of 18 months. The worst GU toxicity was observed at day-5 after SBRT (42.5 % and 20 % with grade 1 and 2, respectively), returning to baseline at week-12 and month-6 (<3% with grade 2), with a 12 % grade 2 flare at month 18. Gl toxicity was mild in the acute phase, with no grade ≥ 2 events (12 % grade 1 at month 6). Grade-3 proctitis was observed in one patient at month 12, with < 3 % grade 2 toxicity at month 18. Mean GU and GI bother scores showed a decline at day 5, a complete recovery at month 6, and a flare between month 12 and 18. Mean PSA dropped from 6.2 ng/ml to 1.2 ng/ml at month 18 and 0.7 ng/ml at month 24. After a median follow-up time of 26 months, 3 biochemical failures (7 %) were observed at month 17, 21 and 30. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter phase I/II trial, we demonstrated that a 19 Gy single-fraction urethra-sparing SBRT is feasible and a

This paper focuses on the analysis of open-ended questions answered in different languages. Closed-ended questions, called contextual variables, are asked to all respondents in order to understand the relationships between the free and the closed responses among the different samples since the latter assumably affect the word choices. We have developed "Multiple Factor Analysis on Generalized Aggregated Lexical Tables" (MFA-GALT) to jointly study the open-ended responses in different languages through the relationships between the choice of words and the variables that drive this choice. MFA-GALT studies if variability among words is structured in the same way by variability among variables, and inversely, from one sample to another. An application on an international satisfaction survey shows the easy-to-interpret results that are proposed., Comment: 18 pages

The recovery of Y(III) and Eu(III) from fluorescent lamp leachates via supported liquid membranes using Cyanex 923 as a carrier has been studied. The results reveal that the transport process is mainly controlled by the diffusion or the viscosity of the organic phase depending on the carrier concentrations. Furthermore, this paper compares the transport model for flat sheet supported liquid membranes and hollow fibre renewal liquid membranes regarding both REEs in nitrate media. The model allows foreseeing the permeability coefficients for these REEs as a function of the organic phase variables. This study reveals furthermore, that the difference on the permeability coefficients between both membranes correlates to their structural characteristics, e.g. tortuosity, thickness and porosity., Postprint (author's final draft)

BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment alternative for patients with localized prostate cancer. Promising results in terms of disease control and toxicity have been reported with 4 to 5 SBRT fractions. However, question of how far can the number of fractions with SBRT be reduced is a challenging research matter. As already explored by some authors in the context of brachytherapy, monotherapy appears to be feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile and a promising outcome. The aim of this multicenter phase I/II prospective trialis to demonstrate early evidence of safety and efficacy of a single-fraction SBRT approach for the treatment of localized disease. METHODS Patients with low- and intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer without significant tumor in the transitional zone will be treated with a single SBRT fraction of 19 Gy to the whole prostate gland with urethra-sparing (17 Gy). Intrafractional motion will be monitored with intraprostatic electromagnetic transponders. The primary endpoint of the phase I part of the study will be safety as assessed by CTCAE 4.03 grading scale, while biochemical relapse-free survival will be the endpoint for the phase II. The secondary endpoints include acute and late toxicity, quality of life, progression-free survival, and prostate-cancer specific survival. DISCUSSION This is the first multicenter phase I/II trial assessing the efficacy and safety of a single-dose SBRT treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. If positive, results of ONE SHOT may help to design subsequent phase III trials exploring the role of SBRT monotherapy in the exclusive radiotherapy treatment of localized disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03294889 ; Registered 27 September 2017.

Due to the huge amount of textual data that is persintently generated, researchers are obliged to classify and analize them, even though there are different ways as well as computing tools to facilitate their study. In this thesis a procedure method as well as its computing tools are given in order to analyze chronological corpus. Our goal is focused mainly in analysing the corpus structure and clarifying the vocabulary flow. The proposed statistical methodology follows the one described by Bécue-Bertaut (2014) which allows the combination of classic multidimensional methods for data analysis with those that study the structure and evolution of corpus. In order to achieve this goal, the corpus is divided in three parts, according to the function of the words: specialized or local vocabulary, according to the addressed issue, which marks the evolutive corpus strategy; steady vocabulary, including those words used on a regular basis throughout the corpus and, random vocabulary, including those tool words like prepositions, conjunctions and so on. According to the words functions we suggest a methodology that combines the vocabulary index, the chronological characteristic words and a goodness of fit test for a Poisson distribution. After specialized vocabulary is analyzed and proposed methodology follows the idea developed by Benzécri (1973, 1981), implemented in the method of Analysis of a Data Matrix (AMADO), and incorporates a new procedure consisting of: first, order all specialized words: a) by theirs coordinates on the first dimension of a Correspondence Analysis (CA) and b) according to the document or segment documents characterized by the chronological characteristics words; second, display the vocabulary that determines the evolution through Bertin¿s Grafics and third, show the model structure or chronological evolution scheme by AC. The results obtained show the advantages of the analysis of data through a chronological approach to answer questions such as, Debido a la gran cantidad de datos textuales que se generan constantemente, los investigadores se enfrentan con la necesidad de clasificarlos y analizarlos, aunque existen diferentes técnicas y herramientas computacionales para facilitar su estudio. En esta tesis se proporciona un procedimiento metodológico, así como su herramienta computacional para el análisis de corpus cronológicos. Nuestro interés se centra en modelizar la estructura del corpus y clarificar el flujo de su vocabulario. La metodología propuesta continúa con la linea metodológica desarrollada por Bécue- Bertaut (2014) la cual combina los métodos multidimensionales clásicos para el análisis de datos con los métodos para el estudio de la estructura y la evolución de los corpus. Para modelizar la estructura del corpus y clarificar el flujo de su vocabulario, el corpus se segmenta en tres partes, de acuerdo a las funciones que desempeñan las palabras: vocabulario especializado o local, que es inducido por el tema tratado, pero que también marca la estrategia evolutiva del corpus; vocabulario estable, conformado por las palabras utilizadas de forma regular a lo largo del corpus y, vocabulario aleatorio, formado por las palabras herramientas en general, como preposiciones y determinantes. En la descomposición del vocabulario según las funciones de las palabras, proponemos una metodología que combina el índice de reparto del vocabulario, las palabras características cronológicas y una prueba de bondad de ajuste para la distribución de Poisson. Después se analiza el vocabulario especializado y la metodología propuesta sigue la idea desarrollada por Benzécri (1973, 1981), implementada en el método de Análisis de una Matriz de Datos (AMADO), e incorpora un nuevo procedimiento que consiste en: primero, ordenar todas las palabras especializadas: a) por sus coordenadas sobre la primera dimensión de un Análisis de Correspondencias (AC) y b) de acuerdo con el documento o segmento de documentos caracterizados por, Postprint (published version)

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es mostrar cómo los métodos de estadística textual permiten analizar de forma sistemática las sentencias, relacionadas con los delitos de prostitución. El insumo utilizado para la realización del presente trabajo, es una base de datos compuesta por sentencias de delitos de prostitución del Tribunal Supremo de Aranzadi emitidas entre 1979 y 1996, esta base tiene la particularidad de tener textos extensos, los mismos que ocupan algunos renglones, lo que implica el aumento considerable de filas. Específicamente, se centra en analizar partes de las sentencias, la una, denominada fundamentos de derecho y otra, llamada fallos. Se analizan total de 430 sentencias. Este tipo de delito común a todas las sentencias se escogió por la principal razón de presentarse cambios doctrinales en el Código Penal. Se combina métodos factoriales con análisis de conglomerados, en la exploración multivariada de los datos textuales.

This paper provides a global vision of the scientific publications related with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), taking as starting point abstracts of articles. Through the time, abstracts have been evolving towards higher complexity on used terminology, which makes necessary the use of sophisticated statistical methods and answering questions including: how vocabulary is evolving through the time? Which ones are most influential articles? And which one are the articles that introduced new terms and vocabulary? To answer these, we analyze a dataset composed by 506 abstracts and downloaded from 115 different journals and cover a 18 year-period.

Correspondence analysis on generalised aggregated lexical tables (CA-GALT) is a method that generalizes classical CA-ALT to the case of several quantitative, categorical and mixed variables. It aims to establish a typology of the external variables and a typology of the events from their mutual relationships. In order to do so, the influence of external variables on the lexical choices is untangled cancelling the associations among them, and to avoid the instability issued from multicollinearity, they are substituted by their principal components. The CaGalt function, implemented in the FactoMineR package, provides numerous numerical and graphical outputs. Confidence ellipses are also provided to validate and improve the representation of words and variables. Although this methodology was developed mainly to give an answer to the problem of analyzing open-ended questions, it can be applied to any kind of frequency/contingency table with external variables., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Tables (CA-GALT) is an original textual statistical method to uncover the relationships between opinions, expressed as free-text answers, and respondent s characteristics. This method also identifies the specific links between each characteristic and certain words used in the answers. Promising results are obtained as shown by an application to real data (Enquesta de participació cultural a Catalunya 2014), substituting words by cultural activities for the first time. In that sense, we try to identify what social characteristics are most influential in the segmentation of cultural habits. We use the framework that gives us the most important set of theories on social stratification in cultural consumption, namely the homology argument, the individualisation argument and the omnivore-univore argument.

This thesis arises from the need to deal with open-ended questions answered in different languages in international surveys. For every language, the free answers are encoded in the form of a individuals x words lexical table. An important feature is that the lexical tables, from one language to the other, have neither the row-individuals nor the column-words in common. However, the global analysis and the comparison of the different samples require to place all the words, in any language, in the same space. As a solution, we propose to integrate the answers to the closed questions into the analysis, where the contextual variables the same for all the samples. This integration plays an essential role by permitting a global analysis. Thus, for every language, we have one lexical table and one categorical/quantitative table, a structure that we call "coupled tables". The global complex data structure is a sequence of "coupled tables". To analyse these data, we adopt a Correspondence Analysis-like approach. We propose a method which combines: Multiple Factor Analysis for Contingency Tables, in order to balance the influence of the sets of words in the global analysis and Correspondence Analysis on a Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table, which places all the words in the same space. The new method is called Multiple Factor Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table. The results in an application show that the method provides outputs that are easy to interpret. They allow for studying the similarities/dissimilarities between the words including when they belong to different languages as far as they are associated in a similar/different way to the contextual variables. The methodology can be applied in other fields provided that the data are coded in a sequence of coupled tables., Esta tesis surge de la necesidad de tratar las preguntas abiertas respondidas en diferentes idiomas en las encuestas internacionales. En cada uno de los idiomas, las respuestas libres se codifican en la forma de una tabla léxica de individuos x palabras. Una característica importante de estas tablas léxicas es que, de un idioma a otro, no tienen ni las filas-individuos ni las columnas-palabras en común. Sin embargo, el análisis global y la comparación de las diferentes muestras requiere proyectar todas las palabras del cualquier idioma en un mismo espacio. Como solución, se propone integrar las respuestas a las preguntas cerradas en el análisis, donde las variables contextuales son las mismas para todas las muestras. Esta integración juega un papel esencial al permitir un análisis global de los datos. Por lo tanto, para cada idioma, tenemos una tabla léxica y una tabla contextual con variables categóricas o cuantitativas, la estructura que llamamos "tablas acopladas". Y la estructura global compleja se llama secuencia de "tablas acopladas". Para analizar estos datos, adoptamos un enfoque similar a lo de análisis de correspondencias. Proponemos un método que combina: análisis factorial múltiple para las tablas de contingencia con el objetivo de equilibrar la influencia de los grupos de palabras en el análisis global y análisis de correspondencias en las tablas léxicas agregadas generalizadas, lo que permite proyectar todas las palabras en un mismo espacio. El nuevo método se llama Análisis Factorial Múltiple en las tablas léxicas agregadas generalizadas. Aplicación sobre una encuesta de satisfacción muestra que el método proporciona resultados que son fáciles de interpretar. Estos resultados permiten estudiar las similitudes/diferencias entre las palabras, incluyendo cuando pertenecen a diferentes idiomas, en función de su asociación con las variables contextuales. La metodología se puede aplicar en otros campos siempre y cuando los datos se codifiquen en una secuenc, Postprint (published version)

Correspondence analysis on generalised aggregated lexical tables (CA-GALT) is a method that generalizes classical CA-ALT to the case of several quantitative, categorical and mixed variables. It aims to establish a typology of the external variables and a typology of the events from their mutual relationships. In order to do so, the influence of external variables on the lexical choices is untangled cancelling the associations among them, and to avoid the instability issued from multicollinearity, they are substituted by their principal components. The CaGalt function, implemented in the FactoMineR package, provides numerous numerical and graphical outputs. Confidence ellipses are also provided to validate and improve the representation of words and variables. Although this methodology was developed mainly to give an answer to the problem of analyzing open-ended questions, it can be applied to any kind of frequency/contingency table with external variables., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Correspondence analysis on an aggregated lexical table is a typical practice in textual analysis in which a contextual categorical variable is used to aggregate documents, depending on the categories to which they belong. This work generalises this approach and considers several quantitative, categorical or mixed contextual variables. The result is a new method that we have called 'correspondence analysis on a generalised aggregated lexical table'. A favoured application derives from surveys by questionnaire, including both open-ended and closed questions. The free-text answers are encoded into a respondents words frequency table called a lexical table. The closed questions, either quantitative or categorical, form the contextual variables. The primary objective is to establish a typology of the variables and a typology of the words from their mutual relationships as grasped from jointly analysing the textual and contextual tables. Validation tests are offered, particularly in the form of confidence ellipses. The comprehensive and numerous properties of the method, similar to correspondence analysis properties, are detailed. Promising results are obtained as indicated by an application to a marketing survey conducted among 1,000 respondents., Postprint (published version)

En aquest treball es farà un estudi sobre les respostes d'un qüestionari proposat a professors de llengua sobre l'ensenyament de la gramàtica, promogut pel grup GREAL de la UAB. L'objectiu és fer un model estadístic explicatiu per tal de caracteritzar els diferents estils de docència de la gramàtica en cadascun dels grups de professors. Aquest es farà a partir d'uns indicadors corresponents a cada bloc de preguntes del qüestionari.. En aquest treball es farà un estudi sobre les respostes d¿un qüestionari proposat a professors de llengua sobre l¿ensenyament de la gramàtica, promogut pel grup GREAL de la UAB. L¿objectiu és fer un model estadístic explicatiu per tal de caracteritzar els diferents estils de docència de la gramàtica en cadascun dels grups de professors. Aquest es farà a partir d¿uns indicadors corresponents a cada bloc de preguntes del qüestionari.

This work proposes an original textual statistical method to uncover the relationships between opinions, expressed as free-text answers, and respondents’ characteristics. This method also identifies the specific links between each characteristic and certain words used in these answers. Promising results are obtained as shown by an application to real data collected to know what health means for non-experts, essential knowledge for effective public health interventions., Peer Reviewed

We have presented the results obtained through two sensory methods that are descriptive analysis and categorization. Several statistical methods have been applied to analyze the results: ANOVA; PCA, MCA and MFA.. Sensometrics methods for descriptive analysis and sorting task have to be applied in two cases related to food and beverage industries

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del Análisis Estadístico realizados a un grupo de calçots. Se estudia la relación entre diferentes grupos de datos de los mismos, datos sensoriales, químicos, morfológicos, del terreno y ambientales. Estos datos fueron obtenidos en sesiones de catas sobre los mismos. Se ha identificado y ponderado el grado de interrelación entre los diferentes grupos de variables.. Relación entre datos sensoriales, químicos, morfológicos y ambientales. Aplicación al estudio de los calçots en Cataluña

We present multiple factor analysis for contingency tables (MFACT) and its implementation in the FactoMineR package. This method, through an option of the MFA function, allows us to deal with multiple contingency or frequency tables, in addition to the categorical and quantitative multiple tables already considered in previous versions of the package. Thanks to this revised function, either a multiple contingency table or a mixed multiple table integrating quantitative, categorical and frequency data can be tackled. The FactoMineR package (Lê et al., 2008; Husson et al., 2011) offers the most commonly used principal component methods: principal component analysis (PCA), correspondence analysis (CA; Benzécri, 1973), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA; Lebart et al., 2006) and multiple factor analysis (MFA; Escofier and Pagès, 2008). Detailed presentations of these methods enriched by numerous examples can be consulted at the website http://factominer.free.fr/. An extension of the MFA function that considers contingency or frequency tables as proposed by Bécue-Bertaut and Pagès (2004, 2008) is detailed in this article. First, an example is presented in order to motivate the approach. Next, the mortality data used to illustrate the method are introduced. Then we briefly describe multiple factor analysis (MFA) and present the principles of its extension to contingency tables. A real example on mortality data illustrates the handling of the MFA function to analyse these multiple tables and, finally, conclusions are presented., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del Análisis Estadístico realizados a un grupo de calçots. Se estudia la relación entre diferentes grupos de datos de los mismos, datos sensoriales, químicos, morfológicos, del terreno y ambientales. Estos datos fueron obtenidos en sesiones de catas sobre los mismos. Se ha identificado y ponderado el grado de interrelación entre los diferentes grupos de variables.. Relación entre datos sensoriales, químicos, morfológicos y ambientales. Aplicación al estudio de los calçots en Cataluña.

Three different imputation methods are performed: two based in the closest neighbor inside a stratum (donors methods) and the third based on Bayesian models. Comparations are carried out under 3 different scenarios of missigness and relative error is used to quantify the quality of the imputations. According to our results, donors methods are simple and useful but, once we have high missing rates (20%), they give problems. Bayesian models, richer but more difficult to interpret, are more insensitive to bad missing conditions. New strata are proposed for Sd2012 via Bayesian models interpretation and perspectives of updating Bayesian models with Sd2012 data are explained. . Indirect sampling is used in hard-to-reach-populations. Target and sampled populations differ and knowledge about the links between both is required. Imputation problems arise when values of links are missing. In the framework of the "Sans domicile" survey SD2001, different methods have to be proposed and compared

The present study illustrates the methodology and application to evaluate the sensory data issued from an in-hall test session applied to a group of wines. It aims to provide a global vision of the sensory profiles and free descriptions of wines using the classical statistical methods and treating the two types of evaluations separately, as well as taking into account more complex structure of such data and approaching them jointly, by applying specific tools of extended multiple factor analysis methodology. Furthermore, the study focuses on precising the perceptual typicality concept from the experts point of view by highlighting the sensory attributes of wines subjected to the study percieved as typical by the panel. Results demonstrated that specific characteristics showed to be predictive of high typicality ratings for a wine, whilst others showed to be predictive of low typicality ratings.. A large panel of 43 experts has evaluated 60 wines of the DOQ Priorat through classical 24 descriptors and free comments. This project intents to capture what is behind the typicality of these wines, as expressed by the experts

Queremos mostrar las ventajas que proporciona un enfoque multidimensional en el análisis bibliográfico, mediante su aplicación a la colección de resúmenes de artículos científicos, relativos al Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, extraídos de la base MEDLINE. Para analizar los resultados se usan métodos estadísticos multidimensionales como Análisis de Correspondencias (AC) y Análisis Factorial Múltiple de Tablas de Contingencia (AFMTC). Como conclusión podemos decir que: La tmétodología proporciona resultados de gran interés para los expertos; se consigue extraer temas y conocer las palabras con las cuales se expresan; conocer la evolución del vocabulario propio del estudio a través del tiempo; Ésta refleja la evolución de la investigación. . Los métodos estadísticos multidimensionales, en particular el análisis de corespondencias, pueden contribuir de manera relevante en la extracción de información de una base bibliográfica. Una aplicación al estudio de la bibliografía médica relativa al lupus permitirá poner de relieve el tipo de resultados obtenidos así como su interpretación. El software necesario será desarrollado en R

Parcials curs 2010/2011

S’estudia el discurs final d’un fiscal en un cas d’assassinat. El judici té lloc a Barcelona, l’any 1993, al llarg del treball ens hi referim com a cas AudBcn2-3Feb93. Aquest projecte final de carrera és el resultat del tractament d’aquest discurs oral, és a dir, una esmerada anàlisi estadística textual, prenent com a exemple un text argumental. En aquesta anàlisi s’hi han integrat diferents tècniques i mètodes. En dret, l’argumentació s’usa en els judicis per tal de provar i comprovar la validesa de certs tipus d’evidència. Estem parlant d’una tècnica d’expressió (oral o escrita) que es preocupa principalment d’arribar a conclusions a través del raonament lògic. Així doncs, podem afirmar que la qualitat en l’argumentació té molta importància en un judici. Tant és així que existeixen cursos que ofereixen formació a advocats i fiscals en base a proporcionar tècniques argumentals i mecanismes de raonament judicial en el marc d’un discurs final. La motivació inicial rau en la petició d’un grup del Departament de Ciència Política i Dret Públic de la Facultat de dret de la UAB, dirigit per Pompeu Casanovas. L’equip va haver d’estudiar aquest discurs i la proposta de treball és, precisament, segmentar-lo i analitzar-lo mitjançant mètodes estadístics. Afegim-hi, a més, com a element important de motivació, el fet que es pugui aplicar la feina feta en l’avaluació de la qualitat d’altres discursos. Com a principal objectiu d’aquest projecte s’hi estableix l’anàlisi, mitjançant tècniques estadístiques, de la trajectòria d’un text. Més concretament, es pretén exposar i aplicar una metodologia per tal de descobrir l’estructura interna d’un discurs argumental, o sigui, estudiar conjuntament la forma del discurs i el flux d’arguments a través de la trajectòria de les seves parts. En general, es vol arribar a entendre l’anàlisi de textos des d’un punt de vista estadístic. En conseqüència, s’estudia el text de manera totalment objectiva, prenent com a úniques dades les que ens ofer

Examen especial

En este proyecto, realizado bajo un convenio de colaboración para la empresa consultora Neo-Metrics, se estudian y analizan las características y los hábitos de compras de los consumidores de una cadena de supermercados ubicado en Cataluña. El proyecto consiste básicamente en realizar diferentes segmentaciones de clientes. Primero se segmenta a los clientes dependiendo su grado de fidelidad. Después se realiza una segmentación en función del "Share of Wallet" y finalmente se obtienen grupos homogéneos de clientes en función de su sensibilidad al precio. Además se aplicará a los datos de compra de los clientes el algoritmo del Market Basket Analysis para analizar reglas de asociación entre los diferentes productos que son comprados por los consumidores. . En este proyecto se estudiará y analizará las características y los hábitos de compras de los consumidores de un supermercado ubicado en Cataluña.El proyecto consistirá en realizar diferentes segmentaciones de clientes. Primero se segmentarán a los clientes dependiendo su grado de fidelidad. Después se realizará una segmentación en función del "Share of Wallet" y finalmente se obtiendrán grupos homogéneos de clientes en función de su sensibilidad al precio. Además se aplicará a los datos de compra de los clientes el algoritmo del Market Basket Analysis para analizar reglas

Postprint (published version)

The aim of this thesis is to study the temporarily evolution of the fundamentals of law dictated by the Spanish Supreme Court in sentences related with murders between 1979 and 1995. We are going to analyze the data with three different points of view to demonstrate we have statistical evidences to admit the existence of the evolution in the fundamentals of law in these sentences. The different analysis give us some information and each one have positive and negative technical details we are going to discuss in this thesis. Finally, we conclude these differences exist and the fundamentals of law are becoming more procedurals and objectives than years ago, as we expect if we are thinking in the Supreme Court. We suspect these differences exist for generational changes in the judges of the Supreme Court.

Sensory analysis is the standard analysis of foods made with the senses. Under the name of sensometrics regroup statistical methods address to this type of data. An important application area of sensory analysis is the wine industry. The companies are beginning to see the potential of sensory analysis and they are organizing more hall test sessions every passing day to learn about their products and use these results to improve their production and marketing. However, yet these m thods are not used very much because of their little knowledge between wine industry companies.

Most US credit card holders revolve high-interest debt, often with substantial liquid and retirement assets. We model separation of accounting from shopping allowed by credit cards, in a rational, dynamic game. When the shopper is more impatient than the accountant, selling assets to repay debt is not necessarily optimal, as the shopper can restore debt. Modest relative impatience generates asset-debt co-existence and target utilization rates, matching incidence and median assets of debt revolvers with substantial assets. Empirical evidence is consistent with a role for spending control considerations, after allowing for standard determinants of credit card debt. (author's abstract)

The characterization of wines by experts requires short-time consuming hall tests procedures. Thus, holistic methods have been developed such as napping which, for each expert, collects a bi-dimensional configuration of the products in only one session. Ultra-flash profiling, a spontaneous descriptive technique, offers a complement that allows for interpreting the results., Postprint (published version)

Resolved

Extraordinari - enunciar i solució, Resolved

El presente trabajo presenta los resultados de análisis sensométricos realizados a un grupo de vinos. Se generaron datos sensoriales en tres catas realizadas en diferentes lugares y fechas. Participaron tres paneles diferenciados por dos factores: cultural y nivel de experticia. Se aplicaron los métodos factoriales análisis factorial múltiple y análisis factorial múltiple jerárquico. Se concluyó que el factor cultural influye muy poco en las evaluaciones sensoriales realizadas. El factor experticia si tiene influencia en los resultados de las apreciaciones. Un micro-array es una tabla de datos que comporta pocos individuos y muchas variables. Es múltiple cuando existe una estructura de partición sobre las variables. Cuando la estructura sobre las variables es una jerárquia de particiones y las variables son de distintos tipos, se habla de tabla múltiple compleja. La metodología de referencia es el análisis factorial múltiple jerárquico. Aplicación a datos de cata de vinos por paneles de distinta nationalidad

En las encuestas por cuestionario, es usual introducir preguntas abiertas. En los estudios de consumo, los expertos y/o consumidores evalúan los productos mediante una puntuación y, conjuntamente, un comentario libre. El análisis estadístico de este tipo de datos, llamados datos mixtos, requiere de métodos específicos. Proponemos aquí emplear una metodología que combina el análisis factorial múltiple clásico y el análisis factorial múltiple para tablas de contingencia. Esta extensión del AFM permite tratar globalmente tablas léxicas, creadas a partir de las respuestas textuales, y tablas cuantitativas y categóricas. Presentamos la metodología apoyándonos en datos recogidos en la evaluación de dos conjuntos de vinos. El análisis sensorial constituye en efecto un área de aplicación privilegiada, dado que los expertos y consumidores desean frecuentemente complementar los clásicos perfiles sensoriales con descripciones libres que traducen más fielmente sus percepciones. La metodología se puede emplear también en el tratamiento de datos de encuesta, cuando se aborda una problemática con una batería de preguntas cerradas y de preguntas abiertas., Postprint (published version)

Final - enunciat i solució, Resolved

Final - enunciat i solució, Resolved

Hierarchical multiple factor analysis is a suitable tool for giving account of the evaluation of a same set of items by hierarchically structured sets of individuals. This method is applied to compare trained and non-trained panels in wine hall tests. Every panellist has to categorize the wines in clusters, describe them with free descriptive words and also give a hedonic score. Data coding leads to a wine × individual evaluation table in which the columns present a hierarchical structure. Hierarchical multiple factor analysis allows for exploring and visualizing the observed variability among both wines and panellists. Visualizing tools are also offered to evaluate the similarity between panels and sets of panels., Postprint (author’s final draft)

La creación de bases de datos jurídicos y jurisprudenciales, que contienen principalmente las sentencias emitidas por los tribunales, ha conducido a crear herramientas múltiples para facilitar su interrogación. Actualmente, se dispone de buscadores que permiten contestar a las consultas de los usuarios a partir de la presencia de determinadas palabras o secuencias de palabras (siguiendo un modelo parecido a las consultas efectuadas desde Google, por ejemplo). El proyecto ET-BI tiene como objetivo estudiar la aportación del análisis de correspondencias y de extensiones como el análisis factorial múltiple para las tablas de contingencias y el análisis canónico de correspondencias (ACC) como herramientas para organizar los corpus previamente a su interrogación.

Es presenta en aquest article un nova metodologia per a l'avaluació sensorial de productes alimentaris d'una manera global, no condicionada a un determinat conjunt de descriptors de notes específiques del producte, sinó a una percepció global del producte. El procediment es fonamenta en la disposició de les mostres tastades sobre unes estovalles (napping) d'acord amb la seva similitud. El tractament estadístic dels resultats, les rotacions procrustes i l'anàlisi factorial múltiple permeten l'obtenció d'informació tant de les mostres com dels tastadors. En l'article es presenta l'experiència realitzada a la seu de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, organitzada per l'Associació Catalana de Ciències de l'Alimentació (ACCA), l'Agrocampus de Rennes, la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, l'Institut Químic de Sarrià i amb el suport de l'ambaixada de França, relativa a la degustació, de divuit tastadors, de diferents vins catalans i xilens., A new methodology for sensory evaluation of food products is presented in this paper. Instead the conventional descriptive procedure, the judge response is an holistic personal criteria about each sample, represented as coordinates on a tablecloth (napping). Procrustean rotations and multiple factor analysis allow to achieve the relevant information, both related to samples and judges. The experience of a tasting session developed in the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, supported by the Associació Catalana de Ciències de l’Alimentació (ACCA), Agrocampus de Rennes, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Institut Químic de Sarrià and the France Embassy in Barcelona, samples of Catalan and Chilean wines is presented, as well as the results of the analysis of responses of eighteen member’s jury.

Extraordinari - enunciat

Es presenta en aquest article un nova metodologia per a l'avaluació sensorial de productes alimentaris d'una manera global, no condicionada a un determinat conjunt de descriptors de notes específiques del producte, sinó a una percepció global del producte. El procediment es fonamenta en la disposició de les mostres tastades sobre unes estovalles (napping) d'acord amb la seva similitud. El tractament estadístic dels resultats, les rotacions procrustes i l'anàlisi factorial múltiple permeten l'obtenció d'informació tant de les mostres com dels tastadors. En l'article es presenta l'experiència realitzada a la seu de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, organitzada per l'Associació Catalana de Ciències de l'Alimentació (ACCA), l'Agrocampus de Rennes, la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, l'Institut Químic de Sarrià i amb el suport de l'ambaixada de França, relativa a la degustació, de divuit tastadors, de diferents vins catalans i xilens., A new methodology for sensory evaluation of food products is presented in this paper. Instead the conventional descriptive procedure, the judge response is an holistic personal criteria about each sample, represented as coordinates on a tablecloth (napping). Procrustean rotations and multiple factor analysis allow to achieve the relevant information, both related to samples and judges. The experience of a tasting session developed in the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, supported by the Associació Catalana de Ciències de l’Alimentació (ACCA), Agrocampus de Rennes, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Institut Químic de Sarrià and the France Embassy in Barcelona, samples of Catalan and Chilean wines is presented, as well as the results of the analysis of responses of eighteen member’s jury.

Final - enunciat

We use data from several waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances to document credit and debit card ownership and use across US demographic groups. We then present recent theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of credit and debit card behavior. Utilization rates of credit lines and portfolios of card holders present several puzzles. Credit line increases initiated by banks lead households to restore previous utilization rates. High-interest credit card debt co-exists with substantial holdings of low-interest liquid assets and with accumulation of retirement assets. Although available evidence disputes ignorance of credit card terms by card holders, redit card rates do not respond to competition. There is a rising trend in bankruptcy and delinquency, partly attributable to an increased tendency of households to declare bankruptcy associated with reduced social stigma, ease of procedures, and financial incentives. Co-existence of credit card debt with retirement assets can be explained through self-control hyperbolic discounting. Strategic default motives contribute partly to observed co-existence of credit card debt with low-interest liquid assets. A framework of “accountant-shopper” households, in which a rational accountant tries to control an impulsive shopper, seems consistent with both types of co-existence and with observed utilization of credit lines. JEL Classification: G11, E21

Es presenta en aquest article un nova metodologia per a l'avaluació sensorial de productes alimentaris d'una manera global, no condicionada a un determinat conjunt de descriptors de notes específiques del producte, sinó a una percepció global del producte. El procediment es fonamenta en la disposició de les mostres tastades sobre unes estovalles (napping) d'acord amb la seva similitud. El tractament estadístic dels resultats, les rotacions procrustes i l'anàlisi factorial múltiple permeten l'obtenció d'informació tant de les mostres com dels tastadors. En l'article es presenta l'experiència realitzada a la seu de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, organitzada per l'Associació Catalana de Ciències de l'Alimentació (ACCA), l'Agrocampus de Rennes, la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, l'Institut Químic de Sarrià i amb el suport de l'ambaixada de França, relativa a la degustació, de divuit tastadors, de diferents vins catalans i xilens., A new methodology for sensory evaluation of food products is presented in this paper. Instead the conventional descriptive procedure, the judge response is an holistic personal criteria about each sample, represented as coordinates on a tablecloth (napping). Procrustean rotations and multiple factor analysis allow to achieve the relevant information, both related to samples and judges. The experience of a tasting session developed in the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, supported by the Associació Catalana de Ciències de l’Alimentació (ACCA), Agrocampus de Rennes, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Institut Químic de Sarrià and the France Embassy in Barcelona, samples of Catalan and Chilean wines is presented, as well as the results of the analysis of responses of eighteen member’s jury.

Parcial - enunciat

Parcial - enunciat

We use data from several waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances to document credit and debit card ownership and use across US demographic groups. We then present recent theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of credit and debit card behavior. Utilization rates of credit lines and portfolios of card holders present several puzzles. Credit line increases initiated by banks lead households to restore previous utilization rates. High-interest credit card debt co-exists with substantial holdings of low-interest liquid assets and with accumulation of retirement assets. Although available evidence disputes ignorance of credit card terms by card holders, redit card rates do not respond to competition. There is a rising trend in bankruptcy and delinquency, partly attributable to an increased tendency of households to declare bankruptcy associated with reduced social stigma, ease of procedures, and financial incentives. Co-existence of credit card debt with retirement assets can be explained through self-control hyperbolic discounting. Strategic default motives contribute partly to observed co-existence of credit card debt with low-interest liquid assets. A framework of “accountant-shopper” households, in which a rational accountant tries to control an impulsive shopper, seems consistent with both types of co-existence and with observed utilization of credit lines. JEL Classification: G11, E21

We use data from several waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances to document credit and debit card ownership and use across US demographic groups. We then present recent theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of credit and debit card behavior. Utilization rates of credit lines and portfolios of card holders present several puzzles. Credit line increases initiated by banks lead households to restore previous utilization rates. High-interest credit card debt co-exists with substantial holdings of low-interest liquid assets and with accumulation of retirement assets. Although available evidence disputes ignorance of credit card terms by card holders, credit card rates do not respond to competition. There is a rising trend in bankruptcy and delinquency, partly attributable to an increased tendency of households to declare bankruptcy associated with reduced social stigma, ease of procedures, and financial incentives. Co-existence of credit card debt with retirement assets can be explained through self-control hyperbolic discounting. Strategic default motives contribute partly to observed co-existence of credit card debt with low-interest liquid assets. A framework of 'accountant-shopper' households, in which a rational accountant tries to control an impulsive shopper, seems consistent with both types of co-existence and with observed utilization of credit lines.

2005/2006