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When proteins in aqueous solutions are exposed to solid substrates, they adsorb due to the dynamic interplay of electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration interactions and do so in a rather irreversible fashion, which makes protein recovery troublesome. Here, we use a gold electrode as the solid substrate and modulate the surface potential to systematically induce protein adsorption as well as partial desorption. We use different methods such as surface plasmon resonance, atomic force microscopy, and electrowetting and show that biasing the electrode to more negative potentials (by -0.4 V compared to the open-circuit potential at pH 6) results in an increased adsorption barrier of 6 kJ mol-1 for the negatively charged protein β-lactoglobulin. Further, we clearly demonstrate that this is due to an increased double layer potential of -0.06 V and an increase in hydration repulsion. This indicates that an electric potential can directly influence surface interactions and thus induce partial β-lactoglobulin desorption. These observations can be the basis for biosensors as well as separation technologies that use only one trigger to steer protein ad- and desorption, which is low in energy requirement and does not generate large waste streams, as is the case for standard protein separation technologies.

Item does not contain fulltext, Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two decades. During that period, they have increased in number, complexity, and agility, while their design and development have been processes well kept under secrecy. As a consequence, limited data(sets) regarding these incidents are available. Although various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations (such as attack, target identification and selection, and collateral damage), still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan, execute, and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant way. Based on these facts, it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i)) estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations, and ii) assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber operations. In order to do that, a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical - military experts. The proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical - military experts. Both the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.

Contains fulltext : 245034.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two decades. During that period, they have increased in number, complexity, and agility, while their design and development have been processes well kept under secrecy. As a consequence, limited data(sets) regarding these incidents are available. Although various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations (such as attack, target identification and selection, and collateral damage), still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan, execute, and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant way. Based on these facts, it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i)) estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations, and ii) assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber operations. In order to do that, a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical - military experts. The proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical - military experts. Both the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.

Contains fulltext : 245034.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two decades. During that period, they have increased in number, complexity, and agility, while their design and development have been processes well kept under secrecy. As a consequence, limited data(sets) regarding these incidents are available. Although various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations (such as attack, target identification and selection, and collateral damage), still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan, execute, and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant way. Based on these facts, it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i)) estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations, and ii) assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber operations. In order to do that, a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical - military experts. The proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical - military experts. Both the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.

Iedereen met groene vingers weet dat een gewas in een harde bodem planten geen zin heeft. Wortels van zo'n plant kunnen daar niet groeien. Tenminste, dat is de gedachte. Want uit onderzoek van een groep internationale biologen blijkt dat plantenwortels dat wel kunnen, maar dat ze dat niet doen. Bioloog Sjon Hartman van de Universiteit Utrecht heeft meegewerkt aan het onderzoek dat vandaag in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Science verschijnt.

Contains fulltext : 221105.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Contains fulltext : 221105.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Inspirerende voorbeelden - Vijf jaar geleden hebben wij ons Imkerdiploma gehaald bij Imkervereniging Eemkwartier te Amersfoort. Sinds die tijd verdiepen we ons in het welzijn van bijen. Naar aanleiding daarvan zijn we in onze buurt Boekweitland gaan rondkijken wat we eventueel konden gaan veranderen. We hadden in onze buurt een verwaarloosde kruidentuin en die wilden we graag omtoveren tot een bijenoase met aandacht voor biodiversiteit.

Waterschap Hollandse Delta past sinds kort de multicriteria-analyse (MCA) toe bij het onderhoud van wegen. De gemeente Rotterdam studeert op het toepassen van de MCA in het onderhoud aan waterassets. ”We gaan MCA breed gebruiken.”

Rapport over vernieuwing van het beleid rondom kottervisserij met aandacht voor innovatie (vernieuwende oplossingen) en internationale samenwerking.

Waternet is bezig om al het onderhoud op een nieuwe manier te gaan uitvoeren. Dit zogeheten blokonderhoud kenmerkt zich door de preventieve onderhoudswerkzaamheden aan bijvoorbeeld een sluis, gemaal of waterzuiveringsinstallatie te concentreren in één periode of blok van door de bank genomen twee weken.

29 april 2019, Contains fulltext : 203246pos.pdf (Author’s version postprint ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 203246pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 214004.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 207873.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

29 april 2019, Contains fulltext : 203246pos.pdf (Author’s version postprint ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 203246pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 214004.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 207873.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Contains fulltext : 207873.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

29 april 2019, Contains fulltext : 203246pos.pdf (Author’s version postprint ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 203246pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Maatschappelijke opgaven als klimaatverandering, bodemdaling, CO2 uitstoot en schaarste van fossiele grondstoffen vragen om nieuwe, duurzame oplossingen. De roep om een meer biobased en circulaire economie wordt steeds groter en is noodzakelijk. De bouwwereld kan en mag daarin niet achterblijven. Daarom zijn wij, Company New Heroes en de Dutch Design Foundation, het experiment aangegaan om voor de Dutch Design Week 2019 samen met andere pioniers een iconisch biobased paviljoen te bouwen: The Growing Pavilion. Met dit bouwwerk tonen we de mogelijkheden en bovenal de enorme schoonheid van biobased bouwen. Het paviljoen is daarbij uniek in de wijze waarop een groot aantal biobased materialen, zoals hout, hennep, mycelium, lisdodde en katoen, samen een bijzonder bouwwerk vormen. In deze atlas delen we de verzameling van de materialen die we hebben gevonden in onze zoektocht naar het biobased ontwerpen en bouwen van nu. Hiermee willen we laten zien hoe ver we op dit moment kunnen gaan in de ambitie om volledig biobased te creëren. We zijn vele slimme en bewuste pioniers tegengekomen, die de wereld van ontwerpen en bouwen uitdagen om een nieuwe stap te maken; ook die zijn te vinden in deze atlas., Societal challenges such as climate change, land subsidence, CO2 emissions and the scarcity of fossil fuels require new, sustainable solutions. The call for a more biobased and circular economy is becoming ever greater and increasingly necessary. The construction world cannot and must not lag behind. That is why we, Company New Heroes and the Dutch Design Foundation, started an experiment with other pioneers to build an iconic biobased pavilion for the Dutch Design Week 2019 : The Growing Pavilion. With this structure we show the possibilities, and above all the wonderful beauty, of biobased construction. The pavilion is unique in the way in which a large number of biobased materials, such as wood, hemp, mycelium, cattail and cotton, come together to form an extraordinary creation.In this atlas we share the collection of materials that we found in our search for biobased designing and building. The book shows how far we can go at this moment in our ambition for entirely biobased building. We have met many smart and conscious pioneers, many of whom are included in this atlas, who challenge the world of design and construction to go further.

Het internationale chemieconcern ICL heeft op zijn terrein in de haven van Amsterdam een installatie in gebruik genomen waarmee fosfaathoudende as van verbrand rioolslib en beendermeel (restproduct van de vleesverwerkende industrie) hergebruikt kunnen worden in meststoffen.

De dunne mestfractie die vrijkomt bij mestverwerking bevat veel humuszuur. De verwerking hiervan was altijd kostbaar. Darling Ingredients ontwikkelde een methode om humuszuur af te scheiden, waardoor een product met marktwaarde ontstaat. Met dank aan partner Opure, thuis in de waterzuivering.

Innovaties in afvalwaterzuivering lopen soms tegen onverwachte problemen aan. Dat gebeurde bijvoorbeeld bij de in bedrijfname van een DEMON-installatie op de awzi van Schiphol. Evides Industriewater vond in samenwerking met Sweco een oplossing.

Schiphol zit klem. Uitbreiden om groeiend vliegverkeer op te vangen lijkt zo langzamerhand not done gezien de overlast. Als alternatief wordt weer gekeken naar een vliegveld in de Noordzee. Aanleg is betaalbaar en technisch mogelijk, maar er zijn tal van bezwaren, ook voor het waterbeheer.

De chemische industrie in Rotterdam produceert veel afvalwater. Evides Industriewater bouwt in de Botlek een afvalwaterzuiveringsinstallatie om dit te zuiveren. Eerste klant is chemieconcern Huntsman. Andere bedrijven moeten volgen.

De duurzame ontwikkelingsdoelen (SDGs), opgesteld door de Verenigde Naties en ondertekend door Nederland vormen een flinke maatschappelijke opgave. SDG 15 ‘Leven op het land’ stelt de bodem en al het leven dat daarvan afhangt zelf centraal. Tegelijkertijd draagt een gezonde, duurzaam gebruikte bodem bij aan het bereiken van bijna alle andere SDGs. Dit artikel gaat over hoe de bodem kan bijdragen aan duurzame stedelijke ontwikkeling en welke uitdagingen daarbij komen kijken. Dan zijn meer specifiek de SDGs duurzame steden en gemeenschappen (SDG 11), klimaatactie (SDG 13) en partnerschap om de doelen te bereiken (SDG 17) in beeld.

Radboud University, 11 januari 2018, Promotor : Vandenbussche, F.P.H.A. Co-promotores : Coppus, S.F.P.J., Snijders, M.P.M.L., Contains fulltext : 181328.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 196580.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprotrophic fungus and an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Humans and animals can inhale hundreds of A. fumigatus spores daily. Normally this is harmless for humans, but in case of immunodeficiency, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can develop with a high mortality rate. A. fumigatus also causes non-invasive mycoses like sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA) in dogs. RESULTS: In this study we compared A. fumigatus isolates from humans with suspected IPA, dogs with SNA, and a set of environmental isolates. Phylogenetic inference based on calmodulin (CaM) and beta-tubulin (benA) sequences did not reveal A. fumigatus sub-groups linked to the origin of the isolates. Genotyping and microsatellite analysis showed that each dog was infected by one A. fumigatus genotype, whereas human patients had mixed infections. Azole resistance was determined by antifungal susceptibility testing and sequencing of the cyp51A gene. A total of 12 out of 29 human isolates and 1 out of 27 environmental isolates were azole resistant. Of the azole resistant strains, 11 human isolates showed TR34/L98H (n = 6) or TR46/Y121F/T289A (n = 5). Phenotypically, isolates from dogs were more variable in growth speed and morphology when compared to those isolated from human and the environment. CONCLUSIONS: 1. A. fumigatus from dogs with SNA are phenotypically very diverse in contrast to their environmental and human counterparts. 2. Phenotypic variability can be induced during the chronic infection process in the sinus of the dogs. The basis of this heterogeneity might be due to genomic differences and/or epigenetic variations. 3. Differences in dogs is a could be a result of within-host adaption and might be triggered by environmental factors in the sinus, however this hypothesis still needs to be tested.

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Radboud University, 11 januari 2018, Promotor : Vandenbussche, F.P.H.A. Co-promotores : Coppus, S.F.P.J., Snijders, M.P.M.L., Contains fulltext : 181328.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 196580.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprotrophic fungus and an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Humans and animals can inhale hundreds of A. fumigatus spores daily. Normally this is harmless for humans, but in case of immunodeficiency, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can develop with a high mortality rate. A. fumigatus also causes non-invasive mycoses like sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA) in dogs. RESULTS: In this study we compared A. fumigatus isolates from humans with suspected IPA, dogs with SNA, and a set of environmental isolates. Phylogenetic inference based on calmodulin (CaM) and beta-tubulin (benA) sequences did not reveal A. fumigatus sub-groups linked to the origin of the isolates. Genotyping and microsatellite analysis showed that each dog was infected by one A. fumigatus genotype, whereas human patients had mixed infections. Azole resistance was determined by antifungal susceptibility testing and sequencing of the cyp51A gene. A total of 12 out of 29 human isolates and 1 out of 27 environmental isolates were azole resistant. Of the azole resistant strains, 11 human isolates showed TR34/L98H (n = 6) or TR46/Y121F/T289A (n = 5). Phenotypically, isolates from dogs were more variable in growth speed and morphology when compared to those isolated from human and the environment. CONCLUSIONS: 1. A. fumigatus from dogs with SNA are phenotypically very diverse in contrast to their environmental and human counterparts. 2. Phenotypic variability can be induced during the chronic infection process in the sinus of the dogs. The basis of this heterogeneity might be due to genomic differences and/or epigenetic variations. 3. Differences in dogs is a could be a result of within-host adaption and might be triggered by environmental factors in the sinus, however this hypothesis still needs to be tested.

Radboud University, 11 januari 2018, Promotor : Vandenbussche, F.P.H.A. Co-promotores : Coppus, S.F.P.J., Snijders, M.P.M.L., Contains fulltext : 181328.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Over de invloed van industrieel afvalwater op het Nederlandse oppervlaktewater is weinig bekend. Een studie van KWR laat zien dat een derde van het water dat voor drinkwaterproductie wordt gebruikt, wordt beïnvloed door industrieel afvalwater. Ook blijkt dat er nog veel leemtes zijn in de kennis over dit afvalwater.

Niet alleen waterschappen gebruiken afvalwater als bron voor energie en grondstoffen. Ook Industriewater Eerbeek doet dat. Deze afvalwaterzuivering voor de Eerbeekse papierindustrie probeert zoveel mogelijk bruikbare stoffen uit het water te halen. “Dat lukt ons goed, maar het is vaak een lange weg om innovaties werkend te krijgen.”

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In this article we provide evidence that social ties (family, friends and acquaintances) have significantly different effects on generalized trust. We build upon generalized trust research by Ermisch & Gambetta (2010) and Putnam (2000). Ermisch & Gambetta find evidence that strong family ties inhibit generalized trust. Putnam on the other hand claims that associational participation generates generalized trust in America. We claim that these two views can be combined on a theoretical level – in addition to our own theoretical arguments - to better explain how social ties affect generalized trust. We perform a multivariate regression analysis on ESS wave 1 (2002) data from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Italy. Firstly we find that family ties have a negative effect on generalized trust in the Netherlands and the United kingdom, as Ermisch and Gambetta claim. Secondly we find that friendship ties have a positive effect on generalized trust in all countries. Finally we find that acquaintance ties have a positive effect on generalized trust in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.