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Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. This record-shattering event saw numerous monthly temperature records being broken including a new all-time temperature record of −9.4°C on 18 March at Concordia Station despite March typically being a transition month to the Antarctic coreless winter. The driver for these temperature extremes was an intense atmospheric river advecting subtropical/midlatitude heat and moisture deep into the Antarctic interior. The scope of the temperature records spurred a large, diverse collaborative effort to study the heat wave’s meteorological drivers, impacts, and historical climate context. Here we focus on describing those temperature records along with the intricate meteorological drivers that led to the most intense atmospheric river observed over East Antarctica. These efforts describe the Rossby wave activity forced from intense tropical convection over the Indian Ocean. This led to an atmospheric river and warm conveyor belt intensification near the coastline, which reinforced atmospheric blocking deep into East Antarctica. The resulting moisture flux and upper-level warm-air advection eroded the typical surface temperature inversions over the ice sheet. At the peak of the heat wave, an area of 3.3 million km2 in East Antarctica exceeded previous March monthly temperature records. Despite a temperature anomaly return time of about 100 years, a closer recurrence of such an event is possible under future climate projections. In Part II we describe the various impacts this extreme event had on the East Antarctic cryosphere.

Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. In Part I, we assessed the meteorological drivers that generated an intense atmospheric river (AR) that caused these record-shattering temperature anomalies. Here, we continue our large collaborative study by analyzing the widespread and diverse impacts driven by the AR landfall. These impacts included widespread rain and surface melt that was recorded along coastal areas, but this was outweighed by widespread high snowfall accumulations resulting in a largely positive surface mass balance contribution to the East Antarctic region. An analysis of the surface energy budget indicated that widespread downward longwave radiation anomalies caused by large cloud-liquid water contents along with some scattered solar radiation produced intense surface warming. Isotope measurements of the moisture were highly elevated, likely imprinting a strong signal for past climate reconstructions. The AR event attenuated cosmic ray measurements at Concordia, something previously never observed. Last, an extratropical cyclone west of the AR landfall likely triggered the final collapse of the critically unstable Conger Ice Shelf while further reducing an already record low sea ice extent.

This paper leverages the use of \emph{Gram iteration} an efficient, deterministic, and differentiable method for computing spectral norm with an upper bound guarantee. Designed for circular convolutional layers, we generalize the use of the Gram iteration to zero padding convolutional layers and prove its quadratic convergence. We also provide theorems for bridging the gap between circular and zero padding convolution's spectral norm. We design a \emph{spectral rescaling} that can be used as a competitive $1$-Lipschitz layer that enhances network robustness. Demonstrated through experiments, our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in precision, computational cost, and scalability. The code of experiments is available at https://github.com/blaisedelattre/lip4conv.

Antarctic sea ice prediction has garnered increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the context of the recent record lows of February 2022 and 2023. As Antarctica becomes a climate change hotspot, as polar tourism booms, and as scientific expeditions continue to explore this remote continent, the capacity to anticipate sea ice conditions weeks to months in advance is in increasing demand. Spurred by recent studies that uncovered physical mechanisms of Antarctic sea ice predictability and by the intriguing large variations of the observed sea ice extent in recent years, the Sea Ice Prediction Network South (SIPN South) project was initiated in 2017, building upon the Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Network. The SIPN South project annually coordinates spring-to-summer predictions of Antarctic sea ice conditions, to allow robust evaluation and intercomparison, and to guide future development in polar prediction systems. In this paper, we present and discuss the initial SIPN South results collected over six summer seasons (December-February 2017-2018 to 2022-2023). We use data from 22 unique contributors spanning five continents that have together delivered more than 3000 individual forecasts of sea ice area and concentration. The SIPN South median forecast of the circumpolar sea ice area captures the sign of the recent negative anomalies, and the verifying observations are systematically included in the 10-90% range of the forecast distribution. These statements also hold at the regional level except in the Ross Sea where the systematic biases and the ensemble spread are the largest. A notable finding is that the group forecast, constructed by aggregating the data provided by each contributor, outperforms most of the individual forecasts, both at the circumpolar and regional levels. This indicates the value of combining predictions to average out model-specific errors. Finally, we find that dynamical model predictions (i.e., based on process-based general circula

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology develops many years before the onset of cognitive symptoms. Two pathological processes—aggregation of the amyloid- (A ) peptide into plaques and the microtubule protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)—are hallmarks of the disease. However, other pathological brain processes are thought to be key disease mediators of A plaque and NFT pathology. How these additional pathologies evolve over the course of the disease is currently unknown. Here we show that proteomic measurements in autosomal dominant AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) linked to brain protein coexpression can be used to characterize the evolution of AD pathology over a timescale spanning six decades. SMOC1 and SPON1 proteins associated with A plaques were elevated in AD CSF nearly 30 years before the onset of symptoms, followed by changes in synaptic proteins, metabolic proteins, axonal proteins, inflammatory proteins and finally decreases in neurosecretory proteins. The proteome discriminated mutation carriers from noncarriers before symptom onset as well or better than A and tau measures. Our results highlight the multifaceted landscape of AD pathophysiology and its temporal evolution. Such knowledge will be critical for developing precision therapeutic interventions and biomarkers for AD beyond those associated with A and tau.

Since the control of the Lipschitz constant has a great impact on the training stability, generalization, and robustness of neural networks, the estimation of this value is nowadays a real scientific challenge. In this paper we introduce a precise, fast, and differentiable upper bound for the spectral norm of convolutional layers using circulant matrix theory and a new alternative to the Power iteration. Called the Gram iteration, our approach exhibits a superlinear convergence. First, we show through a comprehensive set of experiments that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, computational cost, and scalability. Then, it proves highly effective for the Lipschitz regularization of convolutional neural networks, with competitive results against concurrent approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/blaisedelattre/lip4conv., Comment: ICML 2023

Real-life applications of deep neural networks are hindered by their unsteady predictions when faced with noisy inputs and adversarial attacks. The certified radius in this context is a crucial indicator of the robustness of models. However how to design an efficient classifier with an associated certified radius? Randomized smoothing provides a promising framework by relying on noise injection into the inputs to obtain a smoothed and robust classifier. In this paper, we first show that the variance introduced by the Monte-Carlo sampling in the randomized smoothing procedure estimate closely interacts with two other important properties of the classifier, \textit{i.e.} its Lipschitz constant and margin. More precisely, our work emphasizes the dual impact of the Lipschitz constant of the base classifier, on both the smoothed classifier and the empirical variance. To increase the certified robust radius, we introduce a different way to convert logits to probability vectors for the base classifier to leverage the variance-margin trade-off. We leverage the use of Bernstein's concentration inequality along with enhanced Lipschitz bounds for randomized smoothing. Experimental results show a significant improvement in certified accuracy compared to current state-of-the-art methods. Our novel certification procedure allows us to use pre-trained models with randomized smoothing, effectively improving the current certification radius in a zero-shot manner.

In the centuries following the foundation of the Society of Jesus, many women had taken up normative aspects of the order (such as the Common Rules, Ignatius' letter on obedience, the Summary of the Constitutions, the Spiritual Exercises, etc) to support their apostolic work. Their proximity —whether real or perceived— to the Society of Jesus earned them popular nicknames such as jésuitesses, which at some point became an insult inherited from anti-Jesuitism, coupled with misogyny and not necessarily directed at nuns and sisters themselves. What did the use of Jesuit norms mean to these women and to the Jesuits? How did it contribute to the development of women's institutes with an apostolic vocation in various forms?

Une double question se trouve au centre de cette contribution : celle de la manière dont Catherine de Francheville (1620-1689) et le projet de retraites pour les femmes en Bretagne au XVIIe siècle ont été façonnés dans les sources hagiographiques par les jésuites Pierre Champion, Pierre de Clorivière, Henri Watrigant et Paul Debuchy; mais également celle des réponses apportées par les jésuites du XIXe siècle aux demandes de soutien par les congrégations féminines dans les Causes ouvertes pour leurs fondatrices.

In the period following the French Revolution, the Catholic Church entered a period of confrontation with the European states, whose political culture sought to clearly delimit the action of ecclesiastical institutions. The Church had to face the challenges of the progressive loss of its temporal authority and redefine its role in society. It was a context of new experiences of religious life for women, with steps forward and backward – these experiences are useful places of comparison when considering a transnational history of the evolution of women's religious models. Although founded in seventeenth-century France, the demoiselles of La Retraite, whose main characteristic was to offer the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius to women, reorganised themselves in the 19th century – the famous siècle des bonnes sœurs – by diversifying their activities. They added teaching to their initial apostolate of preaching retreats. However, the years following the French Revolution was not only made up of martyrdom, evictions and confiscations: it was also a period of refoundation (with figures such as Louise-Marie du Cléguer and Jeanne de Kertanguy). The aim of the paper will be to analyse the narratives and sources produced by the demoiselles on this pivotal moment, in order to understand how the history written after the refoundation sheds light on the current writing of the history of the congregation of La Retraite.

Adélaïde Champion de Cicé, noble française née à Rennes en 1749, est la fondatrice – avec le jésuite Pierre de Clorivière, alors ex-jésuite – des Filles du Cœur de Marie (1791). Les membres de cette congrégation religieuse vivent « dans le monde » pour porter chez « leurs ennemis » la lumière du christianisme. Cette perspective mène à un apostolat sous toutes ses formes, allant de l’éducation à l’orphelinat, en passant par les retraites. Par ces moyens, elles entendent lutter contre l’irréligion et l’impiété. Aucune Fille du Cœur de Marie ne porte l’habit, chacune étant vêtue « selon son rang et sa condition », et elles ne vivent pas en communauté. Le modèle de vie religieuse qu’elles proposent correspond à une adaptation des normes allant à l’encontre du cadre fixé pour les congrégations féminines. Emprisonnée par la police pour fanatisme puis arrêtée pour avoir hébergé un royaliste impliqué dans l’attentat de la rue Saint-Nicaise, également appelé la machine infernale, Adélaïde Champion de Cicé est jugée et défendue par la ferveur populaire. Son procès permet d’analyser les relations entre Église et État depuis une perspective de genre, à travers les portraits esquissés d’elle, ses réseaux de soutien et son rapport aux religieux de son entourage, notamment l’ex-jésuite Clorivière.

Recently, significant contributions to the study of religion and gender have been made, as evidenced by Belgian and Dutch literature, amongst others. Joan W. Scott has pointed out that, in these studies, gender is expressed and analyzed as a multi-layered concept – it can represent power, social institutions, or organization. It can express ideas of subjective identity and what is normative. This article explores religious female congregations of the Catholic Church in the first half of the nineteenth century and focuses on power relationships. It unpacks the use of gender in religious history and demonstrates that a gendered history of Catholic institutions is possible even when men define the institutional framework and exclude the women who are, in fact, already a part of it.

Despite recent advances in fluid biomarker research in Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are no fluid biomarkers or imaging tracers with utility for diagnosis and/or theragnosis available for other tauopathies. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we show that 4 repeat (4R) isoform-specific tau species from microtubule-binding region (MTBR-tau275 and MTBR-tau282) increase in the brains of corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-MAPT and AD but decrease inversely in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of CBD, FTLD-MAPT and AD compared to control and other FTLD-tau (for example, Pick's disease). CSF MTBR-tau measures are reproducible in repeated lumbar punctures and can be used to distinguish CBD from control (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) = 0.889) and other FTLD-tau, such as PSP (AUC = 0.886). CSF MTBR-tau275 and MTBR-tau282 may represent the first affirmative biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of primary tauopathies and facilitate clinical trial designs.

In brain-computer interfaces (BCI), most of the approaches based on event-related potential (ERP) focus on the detection of P300, aiming for single trial classification for a speller task. While this is an important objective, existing P300 BCI still require several repetitions to achieve a correct classification accuracy. Signal processing and machine learning advances in P300 BCI mostly revolve around the P300 detection part, leaving the character classification out of the scope. To reduce the number of repetitions while maintaining a good character classification, it is critical to embrace the full classification problem. We introduce an end-to-end pipeline, starting from feature extraction, and is composed of an ERP-level classification using probabilistic Riemannian MDM which feeds a character-level classification using Bayesian accumulation of confidence across trials. Whereas existing approaches only increase the confidence of a character when it is flashed, our new pipeline, called Bayesian accumulation of Riemannian probabilities (ASAP), update the confidence of each character after each flash. We provide the proper derivation and theoretical reformulation of this Bayesian approach for a seamless processing of information from signal to BCI characters. We demonstrate that our approach performs significantly better than standard methods on public P300 datasets., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Background and objectives—Podocarpus latifolius (synonym of P. milanjianus) is a key tree representative of Afromontane forests where it is highly threatened by climate and land-use changes. While large populations occur in East Africa, only a few isolated and usually small populations remain in western Central Africa (Cameroon to Angola). Studying the evolutionary history of such relictual populations can thus be relevant to understand their resilience under changing environments. Materials and Methods—we developed nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) to estimate genetic variability, (historical) gene flow, and demographic changes among natural populations from Central to East Africa. Results—despite the extended distribution range of P. latifolius, a strong isolation-by-distance pattern emerges at the intra-population scale, indicating low seed and pollen dispersal capacities. Central African populations display a lower genetic diversity (He = 0.34 to 0.61) and are more differentiated from each other (FST = 0.28) than are East African populations (He = 0.65 to 0.71; FST = 0.10), suggesting high genetic drift in the Central African populations. Spatial genetic structure reveals past connections between East and West Africa but also a gene flow barrier across the equator in western Central Africa. Demographic modelling anchors the history of current lineages in the Pleistocene and supports a strong demographic decline in most western populations during the last glacial period. By contrast, no signature of demographic change was detected in East African populations. Conclusions—in Cameroon, our results exclude a recent (re)colonization from one source population of all mountain ranges, but rather indicate long-term persistence of populations in each mountain with fluctuating sizes. A higher impact of genetic drift and further loss of diversity can be expected by survival through climatically unfavorable periods in such small refugial populations. Tracking, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Ce recueil est un manuel pratique ayant pour vocation de concilier les étudiants et les acteurs du développement avec la sociologie comme science de développement à la fois des unités humaines ou des communautés que des macro sociétés qui souffrent de problèmes de gouvernance, de conflits, de pauvreté, etc. Cette discipline répond à la perspective comtienne d'ériger la science naissante au 19ème siècle au rang des disciplines capables d'appréhender le réel dans sa statique et sa dynamique et susciter l'action et la prédiction.

Se détachant des nombreuses monographies consacrées à la France capétienne, l'ouvrage de Dominique Barthélémy nous propose une étude approfondie de la fameuse seigneurie de Coucy, qui avait suscité, jusqu'ici, plus de rêves que de véritable analyse scientifique : il lui redonne une histoire. Remettant en question la chronologie classique des deux âges féodaux, bien ancrée depuis Marc Bloch, il apporte une contribution de premier ordre à notre connaissance des mutations subies au xiiie siècle par le système des relations sociales, des institutions et des formes d'expression juridiques ou culturelles. La seigneurie de Coucy, à ce moment, ne présente pas le type idéal correspondant à un apogée de la « féodalité » : affrontée aux contradictions d'une société locale et aux pressions extérieures des principes et du roi, elle est en perpétuelle élaboration. Dominique Barthélémy porte son attention, aussi bien sur la noblesse et la chevalerie que sur les serfs et les bourgeois, dont l'affranchissement apparent lui paraît incomplet et ambigu.

Vous croyez tout savoir du management ? Vous connaissez vos classiques, mais attention aux idées reçues ! Cet ouvrage reprend les idées reçues du monde de l’entreprise identifiées par Jérôme Barthélemy lors de ses interventions en entreprise et dans les études qu’il mène en management et en stratégie. L’objectif est ici de remettre en cause les principales idées reçues qui sont fausses… et qui circulent dans l’entreprise, sur un ton décalé. Chacune de ces « remises en cause » s’appuie sur les résultats de la meilleure recherche en management. Pour rendre la lecture de l’ouvrage plus agréable, les analyses de l’auteur se mêlent aux études de cas et aux anecdotes. On trouve parmi les thématiques : les dirigeants, la stratégie d’entreprise ou les « gourous » du management, la prise de décision, le recrutement, la motivation, la créativité, l’innovation… Un ton humoristique, un style direct, un ouvrage en rupture avec les classiques du genre.

Vous croyez tout savoir du management ? Vous connaissez vos classiques, mais attention aux idées reçues ! Cet ouvrage reprend les idées reçues du monde de l’entreprise identifiées par Jérôme Barthélemy lors de ses interventions en entreprise et dans les études qu’il mène en management et en stratégie. L’objectif est ici de remettre en cause les principales idées reçues qui sont fausses… et qui circulent dans l’entreprise, sur un ton décalé. Chacune de ces « remises en cause » s’appuie sur les résultats de la meilleure recherche en management. Pour rendre la lecture de l’ouvrage plus agréable, les analyses de l’auteur se mêlent aux études de cas et aux anecdotes. On trouve parmi les thématiques : les dirigeants, la stratégie d’entreprise ou les « gourous » du management, la prise de décision, le recrutement, la motivation, la créativité, l’innovation… Un ton humoristique, un style direct, un ouvrage en rupture avec les classiques du genre.

Ce recueil est un manuel pratique ayant pour vocation de concilier les étudiants et les acteurs du développement avec la sociologie comme science de développement à la fois des unités humaines ou des communautés que des macro sociétés qui souffrent de problèmes de gouvernance, de conflits, de pauvreté, etc. Cette discipline répond à la perspective comtienne d'ériger la science naissante au 19ème siècle au rang des disciplines capables d'appréhender le réel dans sa statique et sa dynamique et susciter l'action et la prédiction.

Vous croyez tout savoir du management ? Vous connaissez vos classiques, mais attention aux idées reçues ! Cet ouvrage reprend les idées reçues du monde de l’entreprise identifiées par Jérôme Barthélemy lors de ses interventions en entreprise et dans les études qu’il mène en management et en stratégie. L’objectif est ici de remettre en cause les principales idées reçues qui sont fausses… et qui circulent dans l’entreprise, sur un ton décalé. Chacune de ces « remises en cause » s’appuie sur les résultats de la meilleure recherche en management. Pour rendre la lecture de l’ouvrage plus agréable, les analyses de l’auteur se mêlent aux études de cas et aux anecdotes. On trouve parmi les thématiques : les dirigeants, la stratégie d’entreprise ou les « gourous » du management, la prise de décision, le recrutement, la motivation, la créativité, l’innovation… Un ton humoristique, un style direct, un ouvrage en rupture avec les classiques du genre.

Background: Two randomised trials assessing the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were published in recent years: DECRA in 2011 and RESCUEicp in 2016. As the results have generated debate amongst clinicians and researchers working in the field of TBI worldwide, it was felt necessary to provide general guidance on the use of DC following TBI and identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach. Methods: The International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury took place in Cambridge, UK, on the 28th and 29th September 2017. The meeting was jointly organised by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), AO/Global Neuro and the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma. Discussions and voting were organised around six pre-specified themes: (1) primary DC for mass lesions, (2) secondary DC for intracranial hypertension, (3) peri-operative care, (4) surgical technique, (5) cranial reconstruction and (6) DC in low- and middle-income countries. Results: The invited participants discussed existing published evidence and proposed consensus statements. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% by blinded voting for approval. Conclusions: In this manuscript, we present the final consensus-based recommendations. We have also identified areas of uncertainty, where further research is required, including the role of primary DC, the role of hinge craniotomy and the optimal timing and material for skull reconstruction.

This dataset is composed of symbolic and quantitative entities concerning food packaging composition and gas permeability. It was created from 50 scientific articles in English registered in html format from several international journals on the ScienceDirect website. The files were annotated independently by three experts on a WebAnno server. The aim of the annotation task was to recognize all entities related to packaging permeability measures and packaging composition. This annotation task is driven by an Ontological and Terminological Resource (OTR). An annotation guideline was designed in a collective and iterative approach involving the annotators. This dataset can be used to train or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) approaches in experimental fields, such as specialized entity recognition (e.g. terms and variations, units of measure, complex numerical values) or sentence level binary relation (e.g. value to unit, term to acronym).

To establish the immunohistochemical profile of the molecular markers of free-ranging breast carcinomas. Descriptive retrospective study over 3 years from July 2014 to September 2017. The tumour samples came from the Anatomical Pathology Laboratories of the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Instruction Hospital and the University of Health Sciences. In total, the records of 60 patients with histologically proven breast carcinoma with the immunohistochemical study were included in the study. The following molecular markers, hormone receptors (estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors), the HER2/Neu oncogene, and the Ki67 cell proliferation marker, was identified using the Immunohistochemistry technique.The average age was 47.6 years, with extremes of 15 and 69 years. Depending on the location, the right breast was most commonly affected (50%). Histologically, there was a predominance of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (66.6%) and a majority SBR III grade (50%). This study revealed an immunohistochemical profile of positive hormone receptors: ERs + (13.3%); PRs + (8.3%) and a Ki67 profile positive in 10% of tumors. The molecular classification into 4 subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Triple Negative) places the Luminal A group in the first rank (33.3%) followed by the Luminal B (15%), Triple Negative (11.6%) and HER2 (8.3%). The present work is the first study reporting the immunohistochemical profile of molecular markers of mammary carcinomas in Gabon. It would be necessary to continue this study on a larger and wider cohort throughout Gabon because the knowledge of the immunohistochemical profile gives an indication of the origin of breast cancers and allows to consider better management of patients by a targeted therapy to avoid unnecessary toxic effects resulting from ineffective treatment.

Compte rendu du livre de Kristien Suenens, Humble Women, Powerful Nuns. A Female Struggle for Autonomy in a Men’s Church (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2020), 380 p.

The city of Mons, capital of the county of Hainaut, experienced a typographic revival in the 18th century. Printers, both native and foreign, have settled there and have developed a more or less dynamic business in accordance with the family and economic policies adopted. The context, favourable to competition, encouraged the emergence of several workshops which, to distinguish themselves, had to forge an identity by following principles ranging from safety to daring, while considering the limits not to be crossed, at the risk of bankruptcy. The strategies had to consider the laws and regulations that organized access to the profession and the control of print production. This was the showcase of know-how and a strategic marker through the requested material, dependent on past or contemporary aesthetic leanings. Furthermore, it didn’t reflect the sole will of the printer, and hid a complex and multiple editorial reality. The three axes retained - people, rules and production - were mainly developed from an "Essai de catalogue des impressions de Mons (1725-1786)", a "Répertoire des ornements utilisés dans les impressions de Mons (1725-1786)", and many sources disseminated in various archival fonds kept both in Belgium and abroad., La ville de Mons, capitale du comté de Hainaut, a connu un renouveau typographique au 18e siècle. Des imprimeurs, aussi bien régnicoles qu’étrangers, s’y sont installés et ont développé un commerce plus ou moins dynamique en vertu des politiques familiales et économiques retenues. Le contexte, favorable à la concurrence, a encouragé l’émergence de plusieurs ateliers qui, pour se distinguer, ont dû se forger une identité en suivant des principes allant de la sécurité à l’audace, tout en considérant les limites à ne pas franchir au risque de sombrer. Les stratégies devaient compter avec la législation et les règlements qui organisaient l’accès à la profession et le contrôle de la production imprimée. Celle-ci était la vitrine d’un savoir-faire et un marqueur stratégique à travers le matériel sollicité, tributaire de goûts esthétiques passés ou contemporains. En outre, elle n’était pas le reflet de la seule volonté de l’imprimeur, et cachait une réalité éditoriale complexe et multiple. Les trois axes retenus – les Hommes, les règles et la production – ont été principalement développés à partir d’un "Essai de catalogue des impressions de Mons (1725-1786)", d’un "Répertoire des ornements utilisés dans les impressions de Mons (1725-1786)", et de nombreuses sources inédites disséminées dans divers fonds d’archives conservés tant en Belgique qu’à l’étranger., (Faculté de philosophie, lettres et sciences humaines) -- FUSL, 2021

This paper analyses salient features of a religious congregation founded by Adélaïde Champion de Cicé and Pierre de Clorivière in 1791, during the Terror, the Daughters of the Heart of Mary. Firstly, I address the question of the particular charism of the congregation, attached to secrecy while drawing on the heritage of apostolic congregations, understood as a response to the "new dangers" brought by the French Revolution. Secondly, I show how the affirmation of their specific religious life goes beyond the period of the French Revolution.

L’article présente une analyse de données qualitatives portant sur l’enseignement de la littérature récoltées dans trois écoles secondaires de Belgique francophone accueillant chacune des publics contrastés au niveau socioéconomique. À partir des déclarations de professeurs exerçant en troisième (élèves de 14 ans) et en sixième (élèves de 18 ans) au sujet de leurs pratiques et des conceptions qui soutiennent leur travail, l’enjeu est de tenter de percevoir comment les enseignants, soumis au même curriculum prescrit, face à des élèves issus de milieux différents, interprètent le programme et construisent

Cet article vise à analyser comment, à trois niveaux scolaires différents (9, 12 et 15 ans), 24 enseignants belges et français sélectionnent des aspects du texte et les extraits correspondants (le titre, le cadre spatio-temporel, les personnages, le narrateur, la morale…) lorsqu’ils conduisent une séance de travail sur une nouvelle de Romain Gary. Nous nous interrogeons plus particulièrement sur les modalités de l’extraction au fil des leçons (comment des extraits sont-ils sélectionnés ?), sur les divers usages qui sont faits des extraits et sur les pratiques scolaires dont ils font l’objet.

Befolkningsökningen och urbaniseringsprocessen gör att fler bostäder och andra byggnader måste uppföras i städerna. Stadsförtätning är en planeringsstrategi där påbyggnad av befintliga byggnader är en lösning. Vid påbyggnad måste nya laster bäras av en befintlig konstruktion och beroende på påbyggnadens omfattning och materialval används olika förstärkningsmetoder. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en förstärkningsmetod genom breddning av pelarfundament. Konsekvenserna inom två teknikområden: geoteknik och byggnads-konstruktion, har studerats. Frågeställningarna har varit likartade: vilka undersökningar måste göras och vilken bärförmåga har en konstruktion som pålastas före och efter förstärkning av pelarfundamentet? Parallellt med studier av litteratur har intervjuer med konstruktör och geotekniker utförts, för att skapa en tydlig inriktning på arbetet. Några metoder för förstärkning av pelarfundament presenteras. Förutom specialiserad litteratur, rapporter och uppsatser som utgör den största delen av teoriavsnittet i denna studie, har Eurokoderna utgjort referens, främst vid konstruktionsberäkningar men också för det avsnitt som berör geoteknik. För att kunna utföra relevanta beräkningar har ett fiktivt fall tagits fram. Utifrån bygghandlingar och uppmätningar i ett befintligt parkeringshus i Lund, har de vertikala lasterna före och efter påbyggnad beräknats. Den befintliga byggnaden var grundlagd på grov- och mellansand men placerades i det fiktiva fallet i Malmö och grundlades på lermorän. Utifrån de stipulerade förutsättningarna har en dimensionering vid förstärkning av det befintliga pelarfundamentet redovisats i form av beräkningskontroller samt ritningar. Vid dimensionering av pelarfundamentet har olika beräkningsmodeller använts. Flera avgränsningar har gjorts; exempelvis att horisontella laster inte beaktats och vertikala laster verkar centriskt, i syfte att ge en överskådlig bild av de vanligast förekommande beräkningarna och kontrollerna som måst, The increase in population and the urbanization process means that more buildings must be built in the cities. Extension of existing buildings is a solution to increase housing capacity, but the existing structure must be strengthened to be able to carry the new loads. The purpose of this study is to investigate a strengthening method of spread footing in two technical fields: geotechnics and building construction. The questions were: what investigations must be made and what load-bearing capacity has a structure that is loaded before and after enlargement of the spread footing? In addition to specialized literature, reports and essays, the Eurocodes have been a reference. Some methods for enlargement of spread footing are presented. A fictitious case has been developed based on construction documents and measurements in an existing parking garage that was placed in Malmö and founded on clay till. A dimensioning for enlargement of the existing spread footing has been reported in the form of calculation checks and drawings. The vertical loads before the extension were estimated at 2242 kN and increased to 3894 kN after the extension. An increase in the width of the footing by 0.45 m on all sides was calculated necessary to maintain the same tension in the ground. In order to achieve an acceptable capacity, an overlay of 0.2 m was also assumed to be necessary. The calculation controls approved the new dimensions and determined the quantity of new dowels to be used, partly to extend the existing reinforcement, partly to improve the adhesion between the old and the new concrete. The choice of enlargement method is associated with several factors therefore, one method is not better than another. The appropriate method must be determined on a case-by-case basis with a working methodology with surveys and relevant calculations. The conclusions are that the results of the study are considered reasonable, but more accurate dimensioning could be performed with FEM-programs.

Befolkningsökningen och urbaniseringsprocessen gör att fler bostäder och andra byggnader måste uppföras i städerna. Stadsförtätning är en planeringsstrategi där påbyggnad av befintliga byggnader är en lösning. Vid påbyggnad måste nya laster bäras av en befintlig konstruktion och beroende på påbyggnadens omfattning och materialval används olika förstärkningsmetoder. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en förstärkningsmetod genom breddning av pelarfundament. Konsekvenserna inom två teknikområden: geoteknik och byggnads-konstruktion, har studerats. Frågeställningarna har varit likartade: vilka undersökningar måste göras och vilken bärförmåga har en konstruktion som pålastas före och efter förstärkning av pelarfundamentet? Parallellt med studier av litteratur har intervjuer med konstruktör och geotekniker utförts, för att skapa en tydlig inriktning på arbetet. Några metoder för förstärkning av pelarfundament presenteras. Förutom specialiserad litteratur, rapporter och uppsatser som utgör den största delen av teoriavsnittet i denna studie, har Eurokoderna utgjort referens, främst vid konstruktionsberäkningar men också för det avsnitt som berör geoteknik. För att kunna utföra relevanta beräkningar har ett fiktivt fall tagits fram. Utifrån bygghandlingar och uppmätningar i ett befintligt parkeringshus i Lund, har de vertikala lasterna före och efter påbyggnad beräknats. Den befintliga byggnaden var grundlagd på grov- och mellansand men placerades i det fiktiva fallet i Malmö och grundlades på lermorän. Utifrån de stipulerade förutsättningarna har en dimensionering vid förstärkning av det befintliga pelarfundamentet redovisats i form av beräkningskontroller samt ritningar. Vid dimensionering av pelarfundamentet har olika beräkningsmodeller använts. Flera avgränsningar har gjorts; exempelvis att horisontella laster inte beaktats och vertikala laster verkar centriskt, i syfte att ge en överskådlig bild av de vanligast förekommande beräkningarna och kontrollerna som måst, The increase in population and the urbanization process means that more buildings must be built in the cities. Extension of existing buildings is a solution to increase housing capacity, but the existing structure must be strengthened to be able to carry the new loads. The purpose of this study is to investigate a strengthening method of spread footing in two technical fields: geotechnics and building construction. The questions were: what investigations must be made and what load-bearing capacity has a structure that is loaded before and after enlargement of the spread footing? In addition to specialized literature, reports and essays, the Eurocodes have been a reference. Some methods for enlargement of spread footing are presented. A fictitious case has been developed based on construction documents and measurements in an existing parking garage that was placed in Malmö and founded on clay till. A dimensioning for enlargement of the existing spread footing has been reported in the form of calculation checks and drawings. The vertical loads before the extension were estimated at 2242 kN and increased to 3894 kN after the extension. An increase in the width of the footing by 0.45 m on all sides was calculated necessary to maintain the same tension in the ground. In order to achieve an acceptable capacity, an overlay of 0.2 m was also assumed to be necessary. The calculation controls approved the new dimensions and determined the quantity of new dowels to be used, partly to extend the existing reinforcement, partly to improve the adhesion between the old and the new concrete. The choice of enlargement method is associated with several factors therefore, one method is not better than another. The appropriate method must be determined on a case-by-case basis with a working methodology with surveys and relevant calculations. The conclusions are that the results of the study are considered reasonable, but more accurate dimensioning could be performed with FEM-programs.

This dataset is composed of symbolic and quantitative entities concerning food packaging composition and gas permeability. It was created from 50 scientific articles in English registered in html format from several international journals on the ScienceDirect website. The files were annotated independently by three experts on a WebAnno server. The aim of the annotation task was to recognize all entities related to packaging permeability measures and packaging composition. This annotation task is driven by an Ontological and Terminological Resource (OTR). An annotation guideline was designed in a collective and iterative approach involving the annotators. This dataset can be used to train or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) approaches in experimental fields, such as specialized entity recognition (e.g. terms and variations, units of measure, complex numerical values) or sentence level binary relation (e.g. value to unit, term to acronym).

Calibration is still an important issue for user experience in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). Common experimental designs often involve a lengthy training period that raises the cognitive fatigue, before even starting to use the BCI. Reducing or suppressing this subject-dependent calibration is possible by relying on advanced machine learning techniques, such as transfer learning. Building on Riemannian BCI, we present a simple and effective scheme to train a classifier on data recorded from different subjects, to reduce the calibration while preserving good performances. The main novelty of this paper is to propose a unique approach that could be applied on very different paradigms. To demonstrate the robustness of this approach, we conducted a meta-analysis on multiple datasets for three BCI paradigms: event-related potentials (P300), motor imagery and SSVEP. Relying on the MOABB open source framework to ensure the reproducibility of the experiments and the statistical analysis, the results clearly show that the proposed approach could be applied on any kind of BCI paradigm and in most of the cases to significantly improve the classifier reliability. We point out some key features to further improve transfer learning methods., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Conference on Neural Engineering

To establish the immunohistochemical profile of the molecular markers of free-ranging breast carcinomas. Descriptive retrospective study over 3 years from July 2014 to September 2017. The tumour samples came from the Anatomical Pathology Laboratories of the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Instruction Hospital and the University of Health Sciences. In total, the records of 60 patients with histologically proven breast carcinoma with the immunohistochemical study were included in the study. The following molecular markers, hormone receptors (estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors), the HER2/Neu oncogene, and the Ki67 cell proliferation marker, was identified using the Immunohistochemistry technique.The average age was 47.6 years, with extremes of 15 and 69 years. Depending on the location, the right breast was most commonly affected (50%). Histologically, there was a predominance of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (66.6%) and a majority SBR III grade (50%). This study revealed an immunohistochemical profile of positive hormone receptors: ERs + (13.3%); PRs + (8.3%) and a Ki67 profile positive in 10% of tumors. The molecular classification into 4 subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Triple Negative) places the Luminal A group in the first rank (33.3%) followed by the Luminal B (15%), Triple Negative (11.6%) and HER2 (8.3%). The present work is the first study reporting the immunohistochemical profile of molecular markers of mammary carcinomas in Gabon. It would be necessary to continue this study on a larger and wider cohort throughout Gabon because the knowledge of the immunohistochemical profile gives an indication of the origin of breast cancers and allows to consider better management of patients by a targeted therapy to avoid unnecessary toxic effects resulting from ineffective treatment.

Development of tau-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease requires an understanding of the timing of disease-related changes in tau. We quantified the phosphorylation state at multiple sites of the tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid markers across four decades of disease progression in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. We identified a pattern of tau staging where site-specific phosphorylation changes occur at different periods of disease progression and follow distinct trajectories over time. These tau phosphorylation state changes are uniquely associated with structural, metabolic, neurodegenerative and clinical markers of disease, and some (p-tau217 and p-tau181) begin with the initial increases in aggregate amyloid-β as early as two decades before the development of aggregated tau pathology. Others (p-tau205 and t-tau) increase with atrophy and hypometabolism closer to symptom onset. These findings provide insights into the pathways linking tau, amyloid-β and neurodegeneration, and may facilitate clinical trials of tau-based treatments. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

Development of tau-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease requires an understanding of the timing of disease-related changes in tau. We quantified the phosphorylation state at multiple sites of the tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid markers across four decades of disease progression in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. We identified a pattern of tau staging where site-specific phosphorylation changes occur at different periods of disease progression and follow distinct trajectories over time. These tau phosphorylation state changes are uniquely associated with structural, metabolic, neurodegenerative and clinical markers of disease, and some (p-tau217 and p-tau181) begin with the initial increases in aggregate amyloid-β as early as two decades before the development of aggregated tau pathology. Others (p-tau205 and t-tau) increase with atrophy and hypometabolism closer to symptom onset. These findings provide insights into the pathways linking tau, amyloid-β and neurodegeneration, and may facilitate clinical trials of tau-based treatments.

Dans cet article qui s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche en cours, nous nous attachons à analyser, d’une part la manière dont 377 élèves issus de 16 classes belges, françaises, québécoises et suisses des niveaux scolaires 7 et 10 (12 et 15 ans) lisent une même nouvelle de Romain Gary, et d’autre part, la manière dont leurs enseignants exploitent ensuite librement le même texte durant une séance en classe. Le premier volet, qui porte sur les compétences interprétatives des élèves dans leurs réponses à un questionnaire, met en évidence la progression qui se manifeste entre les deux niveaux, tant en ce qui concerne la qualité des interprétations que leur nombre. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l’activité des enseignants, en étudiant d’abord la part que le travail interprétatif y occupe par rapport aux autres processus de lecture, puis ses relations avec différents schèmes d’action, différents genres d’activité scolaires et différents gestes professionnels, et nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure il varie en fonction de l’âge des élèves et du contexte national. Enfin, nous nous interrogeons sur les liens qui peuvent être établis entre nos deux ensembles de données : dans quelle mesure les enseignants exploitent-ils les compétences et les difficultés interprétatives des élèves révélées par les questionnaires ? Et dans quelle mesure, en retour, les réponses des élèves aux questionnaires paraissent-elles influencées par des démarches que privilégient leurs enseignants ?

The relationship between the complexity classes $P$ and $NP$ is an unsolved question in the field of theoretical computer science. In the first part of this paper, a lattice framework is proposed to handle the 3-CNF-SAT problems, known to be in $NP$. In the second section, we define a multi-linear descriptor function ${\cal H}_\varphi$ for any 3-CNF-SAT problem $\varphi$ of size $n$, in the sense that ${\cal H}_\varphi : \{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ is such that $Im \; {\cal H}_\varphi$ is the set of all the solutions of $\varphi$. A new merge operation ${\cal H}_\varphi \bigwedge {\cal H}_{\psi}$ is defined, where $\psi$ is a single 3-CNF clause. Given ${\cal H}_\varphi$ [but this can be of exponential complexity], the complexity needed for the computation of $Im \; {\cal H}_\varphi$, the set of all solutions, is shown to be polynomial for hard 3-CNF-SAT problems, i.e. the one with few ($\leq 2^k$) or no solutions. The third part uses the relation between ${\cal H}_\varphi$ and the indicator function $\mathbb{1}_{{\cal S}_\varphi}$ for the set of solutions, to develop a greedy polynomial algorithm to solve hard 3-CNF-SAT problems., Comment: First draft, comments and suggestion are welcome

BackgroundTwo randomised trials assessing the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were published in recent years: DECRA in 2011 and RESCUEicp in 2016. As the results have generated debate amongst clinicians and researchers working in the field of TBI worldwide, it was felt necessary to provide general guidance on the use of DC following TBI and identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach.MethodsThe International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury took place in Cambridge, UK, on the 28th and 29th September 2017. The meeting was jointly organised by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), AO/Global Neuro and the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma. Discussions and voting were organised around six pre-specified themes: (1) primary DC for mass lesions, (2) secondary DC for intracranial hypertension, (3) peri-operative care, (4) surgical technique, (5) cranial reconstruction and (6) DC in low- and middle-income countries.ResultsThe invited participants discussed existing published evidence and proposed consensus statements. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% by blinded voting for approval.ConclusionsIn this manuscript, we present the final consensus-based recommendations. We have also identified areas of uncertainty, where further research is required, including the role of primary DC, the role of hinge craniotomy and the optimal timing and material for skull reconstruction.

Vous croyez tout savoir du management ? Vous connaissez vos classiques, mais attention aux idées reçues ! Cet ouvrage reprend les idées reçues du monde de l’entreprise identifiées par Jérôme Barthélemy lors de ses interventions en entreprise et dans les études qu’il mène en management et en stratégie. L’objectif est ici de remettre en cause les principales idées reçues qui sont fausses… et qui circulent dans l’entreprise, sur un ton décalé. Chacune de ces « remises en cause » s’appuie sur les résultats de la meilleure recherche en management. Pour rendre la lecture de l’ouvrage plus agréable, les analyses de l’auteur se mêlent aux études de cas et aux anecdotes. On trouve parmi les thématiques : les dirigeants, la stratégie d’entreprise ou les « gourous » du management, la prise de décision, le recrutement, la motivation, la créativité, l’innovation… Un ton humoristique, un style direct, un ouvrage en rupture avec les classiques du genre.

Global and regional ocean and sea ice reanalysis products (ORAs) are increasingly used in polar research, but their quality remains to be systematically assessed. To address this, the Polar ORA Intercomparison Project (Polar ORA-IP) has been established following on from the ORA-IP project. Several aspects of ten selected ORAs in the Arctic and Antarctic were addressed by concentrating on comparing their mean states in terms of snow, sea ice, ocean transports and hydrography. Most polar diagnostics were carried out for the first time in such an extensive set of ORAs. For the multi-ORA mean state, we found that deviations from observations were typically smaller than individual ORA anomalies, often attributed to off-setting biases of individual ORAs. The ORA ensemble mean therefore appears to be a useful product and while knowing its main deficiencies and recognising its restrictions, it can be used to gain useful information on the physical state of the polar marine environment.

During etching of a multicomponent glass in concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF) solutions, a crust can gradually appear on the glass surface, resulting from the precipitation of anions released by the glass dissolution, with cations coming from the etching solution or from the glass. To understand the impact of this crust on the overall kinetics of both etching and frosting process, we have studied the dissolution of four types of commercial glass substrates in etching solutions containing various concentrations of HF, by two independent methods: the chemical analysis by ICP-OES of the amount of Si dissolved from the glass as a function of time, and the measurement of the glass weight loss with time. These two methods showed that the glass etching rate decreases with time as a result of crust formation which gradually becomes more protective. Then, increasing the amount of HF in the etching solution increased the etching rate in a non-linear way, and the etching rate increased with the alumina content of the glass. A chemical analysis of the amount of Si present in the crust also revealed that the amount of HF in the etching solution has an impact on the amount of crust deposited on the glass surface. Finally, all these kinetic data were rationalized based on a semi-empirical quantitative model, allowing to extract characteristic dissolution and precipitation constants.

Les Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses de Chine résultent du travail des éditeurs parisiens de la Compagnie de Jésus (Le Gobien, Du Halde, Patouillet, M. *** J et Querbeuf) sur les lettres des jésuites envoyés en mission. Ce processus éditorial s'étend sur un peu moins d'un siècle, au-delà de la suppression de l'Ordre. La comparaison entre les lettres originales et les lettres éditées révèle des stratégies propres à chaque éditeur, orientées vers la défense et la promotion de la mission jésuite française en Chine. La vision de la Chine proposée par les éditeurs véhicule l'image d'un pays prêt à devenir chrétien, loin de la querelle des rites. Les lettres, qu'elles soient éditées ou marquées « à ne pas publier », ne sont pas seulement édifiantes et curieuses, mais également françaises, articulant la question nationale au reste des enjeux de l'édition.

The ice thickness distribution (ITD) is one of the core constituents of modern sea ice models. The ITD accounts for the unresolved spatial variability of sea ice thickness within each model grid cell. While there is a general consensus on the added physical realism brought by the ITD, how to discretize it remains an open question. Here, we use the ocean–sea ice general circulation model, Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) version 3.6 and Louvain-la-Neuve sea Ice Model (LIM) version 3 (NEMO3.6-LIM3), forced by atmospheric reanalyses to test how the ITD discretization (number of ice thickness categories, positions of the category boundaries) impacts the simulated mean Arctic and Antarctic sea ice states. We find that winter ice volumes in both hemispheres increase with the number of categories and attribute that increase to a net enhancement of basal ice growth rates. The range of simulated mean winter volumes in the various experiments amounts to ∼30 % and ∼10 % of the reference values (run with five categories) in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. This suggests that the way the ITD is discretized has a significant influence on the model mean state, all other things being equal. We also find that the existence of a thick category with lower bounds at ∼4 and ∼2 m for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively, is a prerequisite for allowing the storage of deformed ice and therefore for fostering thermodynamic growth in thinner categories. Our analysis finally suggests that increasing the resolution of the ITD without changing the lower limit of the upper category results in small but not negligible variations of ice volume and extent. Our study proposes for the first time a bi-polar process-based explanation of the origin of mean sea ice state changes when the ITD discretization is modified. The sensitivity experiments conducted in this study, based on one model, emphasize that the choice of category positions, especially of thickest categories, has

Nous formulons l’hypothèse que les choix de corpus, le découpage et l’organisation, ainsi que l’accompagnement didactique de l’extrait peuvent donner à voir, de manière fine et complexe, comment l’école construit l’objet littérature. Pour le vérifier, nous avons enquêté sur la présence et les modalités de l’extrait dans les manuels scolaires en portant notre attention sur des manuels espacés de cent ans et issus de deux pays européens, la France et la Belgique, pays aux traditions littéraires et scolaires très anciennes, et du Québec qui entretient des liens forts avec la France et la francophonie européenne en raison de la colonisation. Notre méthodologie d’enquête, qui est exclusivement qualitative, consiste à analyser pour les comparer des corpus jugés représentatifs des productions de leur époque au sein de périodes identifiées comme « charnières » dans les différents contextes considérés — ce qui est le cas, comme on le verra, tant du début du XXe siècle que du début du XXIe. Pour chaque époque, deux manuels, parmi les plus édités et/ou reconnus de chaque pays, ont ainsi été confrontés en vue de répondre à la question suivante : quelle évolution de la vision de la littérature et de son enseignement peut-on identifier d’une tradition scolaire à l’autre, et d’un siècle à l’autre ? Cette étude sera scandée en trois temps : tout d’abord, il s’agit de rappeler, à titre de balises, ce que l’on sait déjà de l’évolution de l’enseignement de la littérature au long du XXe siècle ; en second lieu, nous comparons de manière horizontale le traitement des extraits dans les différents pays dans la décennie 1900-1910, puis dans la décennie 2000-2010 ; enfin nous cherchons, par une comparaison diachronique, à identifier les évolutions que le traitement des extraits révèle quant aux visions et aux pratiques de l’enseignement de la littérature.